BACILLUS

 Aerobe, spore former Bacillus cereus

 Soil

Fried rice bacillus
 Non fastidious

Spore rice grain
 All motile peritrichous flagella EXCEPT

Best specimen for testing: suspected
B. anthracis
food
 Catalase +
 VF: exotoxin (cholera like toxin)
 Ferments glucose, hydrolyzes starch
 2 forms
 Growth at 5C and 45C 1. Diarrheal type: heat labile, watery diarrhea, no
fever, 8-16hrs IP
2. Emetic type: heat stable, 9hrs duration of illness
1. Bacillus anthracis “anthrax bacillus”
 G+, chain bamboo, square end
 Ae, nm, sporeforming, cat+, S to pen G
b. anthracis b. cereus
 Beta hemolysis motile - +
 Requires B1 capsule + -
 Vf: hemolysis gamma beta
exotoxin (edema and lethal) Growth at 45C - +
capsule Salicin fermentation - +
 d-glutamade-bicarbonate Penicillin G S R
medium: enhances capsule Gelatin HOH/ pea - +
formation
 mc fadjean’s reaction (methylene
blue): capsular stain 3. Bacillus subtilis
 DISEASE  Source of bacitracin (taxo A, 0.04 unit)
1. malignant pustule: cutaneous  Most common laboratory contaminant
2. woolsorter’s: pulmonary  Opportunistic
3. gastroenteritis: intestinal anthrax  Mistaken as Pseudomonas on culture
media
lab diagnosis for B. anthracis  G+ in chain, central spore, beta
1. selective media hemolytic
PLET (polymyxin Lysozyme EDTA thallows  BAP: flat, large, beta hemolysis, ground
acetate) glass
2. medusa head, inverted pine tree in gelatin  Causes eye infection among heroin
3. catalase + addicts
4. string of pearl test, 0.5 units of Pen on BAP  QC: hot air oven
5. ascoli skin test: serologic examination 4. Bacillus pumilus
+ pptn ring  BAP: large moist, blister colony, may be
6. PCR- BEST DIAGNOSIS hemolytic
7. Penicillin susceptibility, 10 unit pen G  QC: Radiation

5. Bacillus stearothermophilus
 Flat sour spoilage, acid without gas
 Thermostable
 QC: autoclave

BAP
b. anthracis Medusa head, inverted pine tree,
gamma hemolytic
 b. cereus Beta hemolytic 3. Nagler Test
b. subtilis Beta hemolytic, flat, large, ground - Lecithin test: due to alpha toxin
glass lecithinase C and phospholipase C
b. pumilus large moist, blister colony, may be - Egg yolk agar+ neomycin mcclug or
hemolytic
neomycin egg yolk
b. Flat sour spoilage, acid without gas
stearothermophilus Result +: opalescence on agae, no
C. perfringens  target or double sone enterotoxin
hemolysis, alpha hemolysis 4. Reverse CAMP Test +

2. Clostridium botulinum
CLOSTRIDIUM  Most severe cause of food poisoning
 Canned good bacillus
 Obligate anaerobe
 VF: toxin heat labile
 G+ rod
- Block release of acetylcholine:
 Endospore
flaccid paralysus
 Human and animal
- Acetylcholine: mediator for
 Saccharolytic EXCEPT
C. tetani and c. SEPTICUM muscle contraction
- Most potent
3 TYPES  Disease:
1. Wound botulism
1. NEUROTOXIC:
2. Infant botulism: floppy baby
C. tetani
syndrome
C. botulinum
2. HISTOTOXIC:
C. perfringens
C. septicum 3. Clostridium tetani
3. ENTERIC: Terminal spore
C. difficile
Tennis racket, drumstick

Tack head bacillus

Assacharolytic
1. Clostridium perfringens
 Formerly C. welchi VF: exotoxin (tetanolysin and tetanospamin)
 Atypical - Binds to gangliosidereceptros and inhibit
 Capsule, nonmotile
neurons in CNS
 Box car shape bacillus
- Spastic paralysis
 Wound contamination with soil
- Lock jaw, risus sardonicus (dog smile),
 Disease
opisthotorius (arching of back)
1. Gas gangrene: myconecrosis
2. Food poisoning: enterotoxin Lab diagnosis for C. tetani
3. Necrotic enteritis: pig-bel disease
1. Clinical findings- basis of diagnosis
Type C
2. Terminal spore
Laboratory diagnosis for C. perfringens

1. Chopped meat
Growth + gas
2. BAP: target or double sone hemolysis, alpha 3. clostridium difficile
hemolysis  colon flora
  activated by clindamycin cocci
 VF: enterotoxin Porphyromona R S R
 Associated with pseudomembranous p. anaerobus
colitis prevotella R R S
 Specimen: rectal swab/ stool Characteristics of anaerobe

Lab diagnosis for C. difficile Brick red fluorescence Prevotella

porphyromona
Direct detection of toxin Red fluorescence Veilonella- G- cocci
EIA: cytotoxin assay Pitting of agar B. ureolyticus
Double zone hemolysis C. perfringens
Culture: CCFA- cycloserine-Cefoxitin Fructose Agar swarming C. tetani, C, septicum
Molar tooth, sulfur Actinomyces israelii
Result +: yellow horse manure odor granules
Breadcrumb colony F. nucleatum
Horse odor C. difficile
ANAEROBE BACTERIA

Collection of specimen: needle aspiration

1. Reduced media: anaerobe BAP G+ anaerobic bacilli- NONSPORE

Schaedler media, bacteroides bile
1. ACTINOMYCES
esculin
 Fungus like
2. Laked kanamycin vancomycin BAP
3. Anaerobic PEA, egg yolk Agar A. bovis: lumping jaw
4. Chopped meat, peptone yeast extract glucose
5. Thioglycollate, Lombard dowell Agar A. Israeli: draining sinus tract w/ sulfur granules, molar
tooth colony
Methods anaerobes
2. bidobacterium dentium
 Gas pak jar
o MCINTOSH fildes agar 3. eubacterium lentum
o Breuer 4. propionobacterium acne
o Torball
 Cooled meat medium/ chopped meat 5. lactobacillus- tomato juice agar
 Anaerobic glove box and chamber 6. mofilunus- vaginitis, HBT agar
 PRAS pre-reduced anaerobically
sterilized
 Thioglycolate medium
Indicatoe: resazurin
 Nagler +: G- anaerobic bacilli
C. tetani, C. septicum: swarm
1. Bacteroides fragilis
 Needs 20% bile (black colony)
ID: kanamycin vancomycin Colistin
betalactamase R pen
kanamyci vancomyc Colisti  Normal flora of GI
n in n  Colon bacillus
B. fragilis R R R 2. Porphyromonas asaccharolytica
Fusibacterium S R S Black pigment, red fluorescence
B. ureolyticus 3. Prevotella melaninogenica
veilonella Black pigment, red gluorescence
4. Fusibacterium nucleatum
Clostridium, G+ S S R
Bread crumb colonies, fusiform rod
 5. F. necrophorum
Vincents angina, gingivitis, gums
disease, lemierres disease
6. Bacteroides ureolyticus
Pitting of agar

G+ anaerobic cocci

1. Peptostreptococcus anaerobe
Sps sensitive: sodium polyanethol
sulfanate
2. Peptostreptococcus asaccharolyticus
3. Peptococcus niger (staphylococcus like)
Catalase + black colony

G- anaerobic cocci

1. Veilonella pervula: oral flora

NO3+
Jaw disease, periodontitis
Fluorescence red
2. Megasphera
3. adidaaminococcus