Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 63 views

    Gram Positive Bacilli

    Uploaded by

    IAN GABRIELLE MERCADO CUYNO
    Gram positive bacilli can be divided into spore-forming or non-spore forming groups. Spore formers include Bacillus and Clostridium. Bacillus includes B. anthracis, B. cereus, and B. subtilis. Clostridium includes C. botulinum, C. tetani, C. perfringens, and C. difficile. Non-spore formers include Corynebacterium, Listeria monocytogenes, and Lactobacillus. Each genus contains pathogenic species that can cause diseases like anthrax, botulism, tetanus, and diphtheria. Identification is based on morphology, staining characteristics

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Gram Positive Bacilli

    Uploaded by

    IAN GABRIELLE MERCADO CUYNO
    63 views4 pages
    Gram positive bacilli can be divided into spore-forming or non-spore forming groups. Spore formers include Bacillus and Clostridium. Bacillus includes B. anthracis, B. cereus, and B. subtilis. Clostridium includes C. botulinum, C. tetani, C. perfringens, and C. difficile. Non-spore formers include Corynebacterium, Listeria monocytogenes, and Lactobacillus. Each genus contains pathogenic species that can cause diseases like anthrax, botulism, tetanus, and diphtheria. Identification is based on morphology, staining characteristics

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Gram positive bacilli can be divided into spore-forming or non-spore forming groups. Spore formers include Bacillus and Clostridium. Bacillus includes B. anthracis, B. cereus, and B. subtilis. Clostridium includes C. botulinum, C. tetani, C. perfringens, and C. difficile. Non-spore formers include Corynebacterium, Listeria monocytogenes, and Lactobacillus. Each genus contains pathogenic species that can cause diseases like anthrax, botulism, tetanus, and diphtheria. Identification is based on morphology, staining characteristics

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    63 views4 pages

    Gram Positive Bacilli

    Uploaded by

    IAN GABRIELLE MERCADO CUYNO
    Gram positive bacilli can be divided into spore-forming or non-spore forming groups. Spore formers include Bacillus and Clostridium. Bacillus includes B. anthracis, B. cereus, and B. subtilis. Clostridium includes C. botulinum, C. tetani, C. perfringens, and C. difficile. Non-spore formers include Corynebacterium, Listeria monocytogenes, and Lactobacillus. Each genus contains pathogenic species that can cause diseases like anthrax, botulism, tetanus, and diphtheria. Identification is based on morphology, staining characteristics

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 4

    Gram Positive Bacilli

    Gram Positive Bacilli can be divided into:


    Spore Formers Non-Spore Formers
    Bacillus Clostridium Corynebacteria
    Aerobes Anaerobes (Clos-) Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae – H2S 
    Catalase  Catalase (-) Listeria monocytogenes
    No gas production Gas producers Lactobacillus

    Bacillus spp.
    Bacillus anthracis (anthrax bacillus)  On Gram Stain: Bamboo fishing rod appearance
     Penicillin Susceptible – w/ ‘String of Pearl’ appearance on
    Bioterrorism Agent! MHA with 10u Penicillin
    Causative agent of:  Lecithinase  = opaque zone around colonies on egg yolk
    Cutaneous Anthrax - Most common
    Pulmonary Anthrax (“Woolsorter’s agar
    Disease”)  Gelatin medium: “Inverted Pine Tree” appearance Ascoli Test
    Gastrointestinal Anthrax – test to detect anthrax antigens Capsule: D-glutamic acid
    On BAP: Non-hemolytic, w/ medusa-head or
    beaten egg white appearance

    Bacillus cereus (Fried Rice Bacillus) Bacillus subtilis (Hay Bacillus)


     Cholera-like toxin causes food poisoning  Laboratory Contaminant
     Also Lecithinase   Produces Bacitracin
     Frosted glass appearance on BAP  Ground glass appearance on BAP

    Capsule Hemolysis Motility Penicillin


    B. anthracis Positive Negative Negative Susceptible
    B. cereus Negative Positive Positive Resistant

    Geobacillus stearothermophilus – indicator for autoclave (steam sterilization)


    Bacillus subtilis var. niger (now B. atropheus) – indicator for dry heat sterilization
    Clostridium
    1. Clostridium botulinum (Canned food bacillus)
     Causative agent of botulism (flaccid paralysis)
     Virulence factor: botulinum toxin – the most potent toxin
     Lipase 
    2. Clostridium tetani (Tack Head Bacillus)
     Causative agent of tetanus (spasmic paralysis)
    o Associated terms: opisthotonos, devil’s grin
    o Virulence factors: tetanolysin and tetanospasmin
     Motile, fine spreading film on culture
     Terminal Spores: “Drumstick/tennis racquet appearance”
     Biochemical:  Gelatinase, Indole; Negative for Lecithinase and Lipase
    3. Clostridium perfringens
     Former name: Clostridium welchii
     Causative agent of gas gangrene (myonecrosis)
     Capsulated, nonmotile, subterminal spores
     Virulence factors: alpha toxin = lecithinase; beta toxin, enterotoxin – food poisoning
     Tests:
    o Ferments Lactose, Sucrose; aerogenic
    o Litmus Milk: acidified with stormy clot formation
    o On SBAP: double zone hemolysis
    o Reverse CAMP Positive with Group B Strep (S. agalactiae)
    o Nagler Reaction: to detect lecithinase activity
      result = opacity on medium with egg yolk / human serum
     Specific result = neutralized with anti-alpha toxin
    4. Clostridium difficile
     Causative agent of pseudomembranous ulcerative colitis (antibiotic associated diarrhea)
     Media: CCFA (Cycloserine Cefoxitin Fructose Agar); ferments Fructose
     = ground-glass colonies with yellow halo
     BAP: “Horse stable” odor; non hemolytic; fluorescent under UV light

    Motility Lecithinase Lipase Lactose Glucose


    C. perfringens Nonmotile  Negative 

    C. botulinum 
    C. tetani  Negative
    Negative
    Negative Negative
    C. difficile 
    Corynebacterium spp. – Catalase , Oxidase 
     Non motile; Highly Pleomorphic:
     On Gram stain: Chinese Characters, Palisading/Picket fence, club shaped

    Corynebacterium diptheriae aka Klebs-Loeffler bacillus


     Causative agent of diphtheria
     Pseudomembrane formation and bull’s neck
     Urease Negative; Nitrate 
     Metachromatic granules (Babe Ernst granules) Tests:
    o Visualized with Loeffler’s Methylene Blue In Vitro Toxigenicity: Elek Test
     Enhanced by Pai Agar and Loeffler’s Serum Slant In Vivo Toxigenicity: Animal Inoculation
    Susceptibility: Schick’s Test

    Colonial types of C. diptheriae (accdg. Delost)

    Gravis 1 to 2 mm colonies on blood agar; largest colonial type


    Mitis Fried egg appearance on BAP; bleach-like odor on tellurite medium
    Intermedius Small colonies (0.5 mm) on blood agar; black colonies with gray
    borders on tellurite medium
    *some references mention a fourth: belfanti

    Media: Other Corynebacterium spp.


     Tindale’s Medium  C. urealyticum
     Cystine Tellurite Blood Agar (CTBA)  urinary pathogen
    – preferred medium for isolation and  BAP: Pinpoint, white, smooth, non-hemolytic
    ID of Corynebacteria  Rapid Urease Producer
    o  - Brown halo around colonies:  C. jeikium
    C. diptheriae, C. ulcerans, C. Infects immunocompromised patients
    pseudotuberculosis Negative for Urease and Nitrate
     C. pseudodipthericum (Hoffman Bacillus)
     Does not exhibit pleomorphism

    Listeria monocytogenes
     Listeriosis: Food poisoning, Meningitis
     Virulence Factor: Listeriolysin O
     Catalase , H2S Negative, Motile
     Beta hemolytic, CAMP + (Note: Uses Rhodococcus equi)
     On wet prep (Hanging drop): Tumbling Motility
     On semisolid media (SIM) at RT (25 C): Inverted Christmas Tree / Umbrella
     Selective Media: McBride Medium
     Virulence test: Ocular Test of Anton
     Cold Enrichment test: Nutrient Broth, 4 degrees Celsius
    o Also positive: Yersinia enterocolitica

    May resemble Group B Streptococci To differentiate from Corynebacteria


    Group B Strep L. monocytogenes LM C
    Motility Negative  Motility  Negative
    Catalase Negative  Salicin  Negative
    CAMP “arrowhead” “block” Fermentation

    Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae Lactobacillus acidophilus


     Causative agent of Erysipeloid  Normal flora of mouth, GIT, and vaginal canal
    o Erysipelas: Streptococcus pyogenes  Vaginal canal: Doderlain bacillus
     Catalase Negative, H2S , Non-motile  GI Tract: Boas-Oppler bacillus
     On semisolid media: Test Tube Brush appearance  Negative for: Catalase, Motility, H2S, Bile Esculin
     Associated with: livestock (veterinary pathogen)  Media: Tomato Juice Agar

    You might also like