Science Grade 8: Quarter 2 - Module 5
Science Grade 8: Quarter 2 - Module 5
Science Grade 8: Quarter 2 - Module 5
Department of Education
Regional Office IX, Zamboanga Peninsula
Science Grade 8
Quarter 2 - Module 5
Managing the Effects of
Typhoons
All activities in this module will be rated using the following rubric:
SCORING CRITERIA 4 3 2 1 %
Responses are Responses make
Responses do not make
Responses are all logical and exhibit sense but do not
sense and does not
logical, clear, and critical thinking but exhibit critical
exhibit critical thinking.
Quality of Responses exhibit critical are unclear. There thinking. There are 3 60
There are 5 or more
thinking. are 1 to 2 incorrect to 4 incorrect
incorrect answers.
answers. answers.
2.4 1.8 1.2 0.6
Used time pretty
Used time well and
well. Stayed Did the activity but
focused attention on Participation was minimal.
focused on the did not appear very
the activity. Submitted work 7 days
Work Attitude activity most of the interested. 20
Submitted before after the deadline.
time. Submitted on Submitted late.
deadline.
time.
0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2
The work is
The work is usually
presented in a The work appears sloppy
easy to read and The work presented
complete, neat, and unorganized. It is
Neatness and organized but was may be hard to read
clear, and hard to know what 20
Organization not complete at times.
organized fashion information goes together.
and/or neat.
that is easy to read.
0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2
1.0 – 2.0 = 70 – 80 2.1 – 3.0 = 81 – 90 3.1 – 4.0 = 91 – 100
1
What’s In 100
Have you gone treasure hunting? Where you able to find treasures? In today’s
activity, help me make a treasure map based on my Lolo’s tale. According to him, his
father once showed him where they hid a pot of gold coins and various crystals. The
details are described below.
Draw the path to the treasure using the grid lines below. Each grid line
represents 100-meter distance. Include symbols to your drawing to indicate
landmarks. Draw a broken line from one point to another. Mark the spot where the
treasure is with a big red “x” mark (x). Remember, you can use the sun as reference
to determine which side is right (east), left (west), forward (north), and backward
(south). The first path has been done for you.
• Lolo recalls they started walking at sunrise . I know the sun rises in the east
(right).
• From Mang Caloy’s house , they walked 2000 m towards the right.
• When they reached the forest , they walked forward about 500 m towards
the tallest mango tree .
• They then walked another 400 m to the left, until they reached a stream .
• From here, they walked 1000 m towards a coconut tree .
• When you climb the coconut tree, you will see a cave 500 m forward.
• When you enter the cave, walk 300 m to the right then walk 700 m backwards.
Mark this spot with an x.
sunrise
2
Excellent! You have created a path towards the treasure. Plotting points known
as coordinates help us locate places and trace paths. On a map, this is done using
latitudes and longitudes. Recall what you’ve learned in Grade 7 on special lines of
latitude and longitude. Latitudes are imaginary horizontal lines that indicates the
distance north (above) or south (below) of the Equator. While, longitudes are
imaginary vertical lines that measures the distance east (right) or west (left) of the
Prime Meridian. The next activity will help us practice the skill of plotting points and
reading maps.
Below is an image you are familiar with (Figure 1). Remember the landmasses
and bodies of water that surrounds the Philippines? Identify them by filling the
missing letters.
Plot the following
coordinates (latitude,
_hi__ longitude) on the map
(Figure 1). 5°N, 135°E
T_i__n has been done for you.
• 5°N, 115°E
• 15°N, 115°E
• 21°N, 120°E
• 25°N, 120°E
• 25°N, 135°E
Have you seen this
_a____c area before? It is
__e__ usually featured as part
of the evening news.
Especially when there
is a low- pressure area
near the Philippines.
What does this area
represent? _________
4
second landfall over Salcedo, Eastern Samar at 7:30 AM of January 21. Then, it
gradually changed its course from northwestward to generally northward (Figure 3).
On 5:00 PM of January 21, Amang weakened into LPA while it was located east of
Catarman, Northern Samar (DOST-PAGASA Tropical Cyclone Report).
Ompong
developed from
an area of low
pressure situated
over the Pacific 2AM, 16 Sept. 2018
Ocean in the 8AM, 15 Sept. 2018
evening of
September 7, 8AM, 14 Sept. 2018
2018. Twelve 8AM, 13 Sept. 2018
hours later, it 8AM, 12 Sept. 2018
reached tropical
storm (TS) 2AM, 12 Sept. 2018
intensity. Ompong
maintained a Super Typhoon
Typhoon
steady westward
Severe Tropical Storm
pace due to the Tropical Storm
influence of high Tropical Depression
pressure situated Low Pressure Area
to the north of the
Figure 4. Track of Typhoon Ompong.
system. At 2:00 (Photo from DOST-PAGASA)
AM on September
9, Ompong intensified into a severe tropical storm (STS) while traversing the
Pacific Ocean. The STS continued to move westward. Then, at 2:00 PM, Ompong
had reached typhoon (TY) intensity. The typhoon continued moving generally
westward while gradually increasing in intensity. At around 8:00 AM on September
11, the typhoon reached its peak intensity of 205 km/h and maintained its intensity as
it entered the PAR on September 12 at 3:00 PM. While inside the PAR, Figure 4 shows
Ompong gradually started its gradual transition from westward to a more west-
northwestward movement as it moves along the periphery of the weaker portion of the
high pressure area. The typhoon made landfall over Baggao, Cagayan at 1:40 AM
on September 15. Interaction with the rugged terrain of Northern Luzon caused
the typhoon to weaken significantly. Ompong left the landmass of Luzon at around
10:00 AM on September 15 and then left the PAR later that day at 9:00 PM with an
estimated maximum sustained wind of 145 km/h and gustiness of up to 165 km/h. The
typhoon continued northwestward towards Southern China where it made landfall
(DOST-PAGASA Tropical Cyclone Report).
Now it’s your turn to plot the path of Tropical Storm (TS) Sendong. Use the
data in Table 2 to track the location of TS Sendong. Refer to the Month/Day/Time
column and follow the sequence of locations. Plot the coordinates on the map provided
(Figure 5). You may use Figure 2 to Figure 4 as reference.
5
Table 1. Tracking Data of Tropical Storm Sendong (December 13-19, 2011)*
Sample Plots Plot the following points
Month/Day Latitude Longitude Month/Day Latitude Longitude
/Time (°N) (°E) /Time (°N) (°E)
12/13/06 6.00 145.10 12/13/12 6.40 143.30
12/13/18 6.00 141.70 12/14/00 5.90 140.60
12/14/06 6.20 139.00 12/14/12 6.70 137.70
12/14/18 7.00 136.30 12/15/00 7.20 134.30
12/15/06 7.60 132.30 12/15/12 7.70 130.80
12/15/18 7.50 129.10 12/16/00 7.40 128.10
12/16/06 8.00 126.80 12/16/12 8.40 125.50
12/16/18 8.50 123.80 12/17/00 9.10 122.40
12/17/06 9.20 121.50 12/17/12 9.60 120.40
12/17/18 10.20 119.00 12/18/00 10.90 117.60
12/18/06 10.30 115.70 12/18/12 9.90 114.60
12/18/18 9.60 113.90 12/19/00 9.10 112.90
*Data from Grade 8 Science Learner’s Module
114°E 116 118 120 122 124 126 128 130 132 134 136 138 140 142 144°E
26°N 26°N
24 24
22 22
20 20
18 18
16 16
14 14
12 12
10 10
8 8
6 6
4°N 4°N
114°E 116 118 120 122 124 126 128 130 132 134 136 138 140 142 144°E
6
How do tropical cyclones weaken?
What do you think would the people in Baggao, Cagayan experience when Ompong
made landfall?
What is It
The activities you have completed allowed you to trace the path of tropical
cyclones that enter the Philippine Area of Responsibility (PAR). In combination with
what you’ve learned in the previous module on how tropical cyclones develop, you
were able to understand the behavior of tropical cyclones.
There are at least 20 tropical cyclones that enter the country. As you have
observed, the location of the Philippines makes it prone to experience typhoons. The
country is located just above the equator, along the west Pacific Ocean, where it
receives enough heating from the sun, causing the surrounding bodies of water to
warm up. This leads to the development of low-pressure areas which eventually turns
into tropical cyclones.
Thus, it is important to stay informed about the weather. The government
agency responsible for monitoring and forecasting on the weather and other
climatological conditions of the country is the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical,
and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA), which is under the
Department of Science and Technology (DOST). They conduct studies on the
formation, development, and movement of typhoons to help lessen the negative
effects (hazards) brought about by typhoons. They also issue weather bulletins and
advisories every 6 hours when tropical cyclones enter the PAR and is believed to hit
land. When the tropical cyclone is not expected to make landfall, they release weather
bulletins every 12 hours.
When tropical cyclones stay/cross warm waters, it intensifies as it is
continuously supplied by rising warm air and high humidity. Upon reaching
landfall, it weakens as it faces cool dry air and move over large land mass. The
mountain ranges and forest rich in trees increase the friction encountered by
tropical cyclones causing it to weaken and block the moisture in the wind making
the air masses dry. Additionally, its strength lessens as it travels over cooler sea
surface temperature and move to regions with high vertical wind shear. Generally,
tropical cyclones move in a westward direction along with the prevailing wind
systems. This often spares Central and Southern Mindanao from typhoons but is
still susceptible to weather disturbances which may bring more rain because of the
surrounding bodies of water.
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PAGASA releases Public Storm Warning Signals (PSWS) based on the
intensity, size, circulation, the forecast direction, and wind speed of the tropical
cyclone. You will learn more about this in the next activity.
What’s More
100
As you relax with your family, invite them to perform the next activity with you.
You may also perform the activity alone. Make copies of the game cards below based
on the number of players. Prepare ten (10) one-peso coins or pebbles per player and
one plastic cup.
For one to three players you
Player Info Player Info Player Info only need 1 set of player info
Farmer Fisherfolk Office Staff cards. For four to six players
living by living by the living in the you need 2 sets of player info
the hillside. shore. city. cards.
PSWS 1 PSWS 2
Wind Speed: 30-60 kph Wind Speed: 60-100 kph
Expected Occurrence Time: ≥ 36 hr Expected Occurrence Time: ≥ 24 hr
Damage: 1 Damage: 3
Trees: twigs and branches (small trees) Trees: few big trees uprooted
Banana Tree: tilt or uprooted Banana Tree: fall
Coconut Tree: no effect Coconut Tree: tilt or break
House: few nipa partially unroofed House: most nipa maybe unroofed; some old
Crops: flowering rice may suffer significant damage galvanized iron roofs peeled off
Crops: corn and rice badly affected
Community: Light to Moderate Damage
PSWS 3 PSWS 4
Wind Speed: 100-185 kph Wind Speed: >185 kph
Expected Occurrence Time: ≥ 18 hr Expected Occurrence Time: ≥ 12 hr
Damage: 5 Damage: 7
Trees: large number of big trees uprooted Trees: almost all big trees uprooted
Banana Tree: almost all are destroyed Banana Tree: all are uprooted
Coconut Tree: a number destroyed Coconut Tree: widespread damage
House: majority nipa unroofed or destroyed; light to medium House: severe damage to majority of structures (residential
construction damaged and buildings)
Crops: corn and rice heavy damage Crops: corn and rice severe losses
Other: electrical power, communication and internet Other: electrical power, communication and internet severely
disruption disrupted
Community: Moderate to Heavy Damage Community: Heavy Damage
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Benefit Benefit Benefit Benefit Benefit
Contribute 40 to Normally Stirs stagnant Helps Ceases warm
50% rains in the triggers the lakes, rivers, replenish conditions
annual rainfall
distribution of the
onset of the and bays empty dams especially in
country rainy season and water dry areas
reservoirs
Prepare 2 sets of PSWS, Hazard, and Benefit Cards for one to three players
and 4 sets for four to six players. To start the game, each player picks a Player Info
card. This will serve as your identity throughout the game. You can use a maximum of
four (4) coins/pebbles to serve as investments in banana trees, coconut trees, and
crops. Assign one (1) coin as your house. Five (5) coins will serve as extras and will
be used when a Benefit Card is drawn.
Stack the PSWS Cards, Hazard Cards, and Benefits Cards separately. The
PSWS Cards indicate the effects of a tropical cyclone. This will affect your
investments. Remove as many investments as indicated in the damage (i.e., Damage:
3 = remove 3 coin/pebble investments). The Hazard Cards shows the negative effects
of tropical cyclones. This will affect your house based on its location (i.e., Storm Surge
= remove houses on the shore). The Benefit Cards show the positive effects of tropical
cyclones. When played, this will allow you to add one (1) investment coin or one (1)
house coin.
To start the game, flip the plastic cup. If it lands on its side , draw one PSWS
card. If it lands on its mouth , draw one Hazard card. If it lands on its base , draw
one Benefit card. Take turns flipping the plastic cup and reading the effects of tropical
cyclones. The game ends when all players have used up their extra five (5) coins. The
player with the greatest number of investments and houses wins.
Even though our region is not usually hit by tropical cyclones, we can still experience
the same hazards such as heavy rainfall, what can you do to lessen the impact on
your investments/home?
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What I Have Learned
100
Continue reflecting on managing the effects of tropical cyclones by completing
the phrases below:
I have learned that the Philippine Area of Responsibility
.
The Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical, and Astronomical Services Administration
.
The Philippines is prone to typhoons because
.
You can trace the path of typhoons using
. You will then understand that landmasses and bodies of
water affect the intensity of typhoons causing it to increase when
What I Can Do
Read the statements below and indicate which should be done Before (B),
During (D), or After (A) a typhoon. Place an (x) for items that do not help in typhoon
situations. The first one has been done for you.
_____1.
B Prepare an emergency kit.
_____2. Leave pets outside the house.
_____3. Make an emergency plan with your family.
_____4. Store enough supplies of food and potable water.
_____5. Check every family member. Someone might need first aid.
_____6. Stay together as much as possible and have time for prayer.
_____7. Close the windows, doors, and the main valve of the LPG tank.
_____8. Boil the water for at least 20 minutes if potable water is unavailable.
_____9. Keep yourself updated by listening, watching, or reading latest weather
forecasts.
_____10. Report immediately to the authorities any fallen electric posts with damaged
electrical cables.
_____11. Remove water that has accumulated in tires, cans, or any container which
can be favorable breeding place for mosquitoes.
10 20
Assessment
Directions: Encircle the letter of the best answer.
A. B. C. D.
2. Which of the following correctly describes the Philippine Area of Responsibiltiy?
A. All LPA within the PAR are called bagyo.
B. PAGASA does not monitor outside PAR.
C. Western boundary is much farther than the eastern.
D. Eastern boundary is much farther than the western.
3. Do tropical cyclones develop within the PAR only?
A. Yes B. No C. Maybe D. Don’t know
4. Which government agency monitors weather disturbances?
A. Philippine Volcanology and Seismology
B. Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology
C. Philippine Astronomic, Geophysical, and Atmospherical Services
Administration
D. Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical, and Astronomical Services
Administration
5. A weather forecaster reports that a typhoon will enter the PAR at 6:00AM
tomorrow. What does this mean?
A. The typhoon will be closely monitored by PAGASA for possible landfall.
B. The typhoon will become stronger at 6:00 AM tomorrow.
C. The typhoon will become weaker at 6:00 AM tomorrow.
D. It will reach landfall by 6:00AM tomorrow.
For items 6 – 10: Refer to the data in Error! Reference source not found.3 to answer
the questions that follow. 6 - 9. Plot the path taken by Typhoon Zyxa on
Table 2. Tracking Data of Typhoon December 14 from 12:00 AM to 6:00 PM. Use
Zyxa the gridlines provided below
Month/Day/ Latitude Longitude
Time (°N) (°E)
12/14/00 5.20 140.40
12/14/06 6.50 139.30
12/14/12 6.70 137.50
12/14/18 7.00 136.20
11
12. If you live in the Philippines, where should you stay to avoid typhoons?
A. Luzon, it is not on the path of typhoons.
B. Visayas, it is at the middle.
C. Visayas, it has a lot of mountain ranges.
D. Mindanao, it is seldom affected by typhoons.
13. What does a typhoon need to sustain or increase its intensity?
A. warm land B. warm water C. cold land D. cold water
14. What will happen to the strength of the typhoon as it reaches land?
A. It will move slowly to cause more damage.
B. It will move faster to reach the warm water.
C. It will weaken due to the absence of warm water.
D. It will be stronger due to the absence of warm water.
15. How can forests filled with trees affect the strength of typhoons?
A. Forests increases friction encountered by typhoons, reducing its strength.
B. Forests increases friction encountered by typhoons, increasing strength.
C. Forests decreases friction encountered by typhoons, increasing strength.
D. Forests decreases friction encountered by typhoons, decreasing strength.
16. When PAGASA raises Public Storm Waning Signal (PSWS) 2, which of the
following can be expected?
A. The tropical cyclone may occur at least 12 hours from the release of the weather
bulletin.
B. The tropical cyclone may cause heavy damage to the community.
C. Rice and corn crops will be safe.
D. Some old galvanized iron roofs maybe peeled off.
17. What should NOT be included in an emergency kit?
A. Electric wires C. Potable water
B. Canned goods D. Important documents
18. Which area will be greatly affected by a storm surge?
A. hillside B. shoreline C. caves D. city
19. In what way can tropical cyclones be a benefit?
A. Replenishes dams C. Causes the sea level to rise
B. Increases air pollution D. Elevate water levels in rivers
20. If there is a need for evacuation, which of the following should be observed?
A. Leave pets outside to guard the house.
B. Bring all your appliances and furniture with you.
C. Walk along the path leading to a body of water.
D. Close the windows, doors, and the main valve of the LPG tank.
12
Additional Activities
100
Based on this assessment, what can you infer about the safety of your family during
typhoons?
13
Answer Key-Gr8Q2W5 Science
14
References
Books:
Department of Education. (2013.) Grade 8 learner’s module. Department of Education
Madriaga, E.A., Valdoz, M.P., Aquino, M.D., & Castillo, M.A.B. (2015). Science Links:
Worktext for Scientific and Technological Literacy. Rex Book Store.
Webinar:
Ordinario, R.C. (2020, August 18). Basic Meteorology for Teachers: PAGASA’s
Weather Forecasting and Warning Services. Webinar presented by the
Philippine Meteorological Society Inc.
Website:
Tropical Cyclone Guide: How to Plot Typhoons. https://www.typhoon2000.ph/
TCGuide.htm
Tropical Cyclone Summaries. http://bagong.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/tropical-
cyclone/tropical-cyclone-summary
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