CRIM INO LO G Y 7: Crim Inological Research 1 M Odule 16: Data G Athering Procedure (Chapter 3) Sub Topics: Chapter 4 and Chapter 5
CRIM INO LO G Y 7: Crim Inological Research 1 M Odule 16: Data G Athering Procedure (Chapter 3) Sub Topics: Chapter 4 and Chapter 5
CRIM INO LO G Y 7: Crim Inological Research 1 M Odule 16: Data G Athering Procedure (Chapter 3) Sub Topics: Chapter 4 and Chapter 5
M o d u le 1 6 : D a ta G a th e rin g P ro c ed u re (C h a p te r 3 )
S u b to p ic s : C h a p te r 4 a n d C h a p te r 5
Welcome Notes:
W E L C O M E C R IM IN O L O G Y S T U D E N T S
I. IN T R O D U C T IO N :
In this module, we will thoroughly discuss the latter part of chapter 3 (methodology) and start
discussing Chapter 4 for presentation and interpretation of data and its sample; Chapter 5 for Summary,
Conclusion and Recommendation of data.
II. O B J E C T IV E S
III. P R E L IM IN A R Y A C T IV IT IE S :
Z M G M A IU N S IR R M IE A O T D C M N E O N
H IN T S : H IN TS :
Shorten Endorsement
Simplify Suggestion
O C C N L S IU O N
H IN T S :
Closure
Decision by reasoning
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Module 16: Data Gathering Procedure (Chapter 3)
G R E A T !!!
You may now proceed to the main lesson.
IV . L E S S O N P R O P E R
LET’S BEGIN!
Based on the preliminary activities, what is gender?
________________________________________________
C O N G R A T U L A T IO N S !
You may now proceed to the lesson.
This section outlines some of the key considerations that may arise during various steps in the data
collection process. There is no requirement that these steps be followed or pursued in the order that they
are written. The model presented is offered as a reference tool. How data is gathered and analyzed
depends on many factors, including the context, the issue that needs to be monitored, the purpose of the
data collection, and the nature and size of the organization.
The main consideration is to make sure that any information collected is done in a way and for a
purpose that is consistent with the Code and complies with freedom of information and privacy protection
legislation. In the interest of effectiveness and efficiency, it is recommended that efforts be made to collect
data that will shed light on issues or opportunities. To protect the credibility and reliability of data,
information should be gathered using accepted data collection techniques.
According to Ontario Human Rights Commission, there are 6 steps involving in collecting data:
1. Step 1: Identify issues and/or opportunities for collecting data.
The first step is to identify issues and/or opportunities for collecting data and to decide
what next steps to take. To do this, it may be helpful to conduct an internal and external
assessment to understand what is happening inside and outside of your organization.
2. Step 2: Select issue(s) and/or opportunity(ies) and set goals.
The focus of Step 2 is choosing a priority issue(s) and/or opportunity(ies) for collecting
data, and then setting goals and objectives. The organization reviews the issues and/or
opportunities identified from the internal and external assessment done in Step 1, and
picks one or more specific issues and/or opportunities for starting a data collection project
from among the list of priorities.
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Module 16: Data Gathering Procedure (Chapter 3)
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Module 16: Data Gathering Procedure (Chapter 3)
- Some of the most common qualitative data collection techniques include open-ended surveys
and questionnaires, interviews, focus groups, observation, case studies, and so on.
- The term “statistical treatment” is a catch all term which means to apply any statistical
method to your data. Treatments are divided into two groups: descriptive statistics, which
summarize your data as a graph or summary statistic and inferential statistics, which make
predictions and test hypotheses about your data.
CHAPTER IV
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
- The purpose of this chapter is to summarize the collected data and the statistical treatment, and/or
mechanics, of analysis. Explain the object of each experiment, question, or objective, point out
salient results, and present those results by table, figure, or other form of summarized data.
- This chapter should provide the product of your analytic process. Think of it as a “stand alone”
chapter that you could hand to a friend and just by reading it, they would know exactly what you
discovered through your study.
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Module 16: Data Gathering Procedure (Chapter 3)
Figure Interpretation
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Module 16: Data Gathering Procedure (Chapter 3)
CHAPTER 5
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Summarizing means giving a concise overview of a text’s main points in your own words. A
summary is always much shorter than the original text. Writing a summary does not involve
critiquing or analyzing the source—you should simply provide a clear, objective, accurate account
of the most important information and ideas, without copying any text from the original and without
missing any of the key points.
Conclusions illustrate your personal reflections or insights into the continued research of your
topic. This discussion provides an overview on the importance of the area of research. A
component of the discussion could demonstrate the consequences should this research be ignored
or how a specific audience will benefit from the research. Another component of the discussion will
encourage others to continue to contribute to a specific body of knowledge.
Recommendations are arguably the most important part of the analysis phase—this is where
you'll suggest specific interventions or strategies to address the issues and constraints identified in
the assessment. Recommendations should directly respond to key findings arrived at through data
collection and analysis.
Sample Chapter 5
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Module 16: Data Gathering Procedure (Chapter 3)
V . A N A L Y S IS , A P P L IC A T IO N A N D E X P L O R A T IO N
There is no (1) ____________________ that these steps be followed or pursued in the order that
they are written. The model presented is offered as a reference tool. How data is (2)
____________________ and analyzed depends on many factors, including the (3)
____________________, the issue that needs to be (4) ____________________, the purpose of the data
(5) ____________________, and the (6) ____________________ and size of the organization.
ACTIVITY 2
Name: ______________________________ Year & Section: __________________
Direction: Match Column A to its correct concept in Column B.
Column A Column B
V I. G E N E R A L IZ A T IO N
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
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Module 16: Data Gathering Procedure (Chapter 3)
KUDOS!
You have come to an end of Module 16.
OOPS! Don’t forget that you have still an assignment to do.
Here it is….
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Module 16: Data Gathering Procedure (Chapter 3)
V II. A S S IG N M E N T
_________________________ 1. The purpose of Chapter 5 is to summarize the collected data and the
statistical treatment, and/or mechanics, of analysis.
_________________________ 2. In Step 2, organizations will make decisions about who will be surveyed,
how data will be collected
_________________________ 3. Writing a summary does not involve critiquing or analyzing the source—
you should simply provide a clear, objective, accurate account of the most important information and ideas,
without copying any text from the original and without missing any of the key points.
_________________________ 4. Chapter 4 is a “stand alone” chapter that you could hand to a friend and
just by reading it, they would know exactly what you discovered through your study.
V III. E V A L U A T IO N
Direction: Read each sentence/situation carefully and select the letter of the correct answer among
the choices.
3. The purpose of this chapter is to summarize the collected data and the statistical treatment, and/or
mechanics, of analysis.
A. Chapter 3
B. Chapter 4
C. Chapter 5
D. None of these
5. Based on Ontario Human Rights Commission, there are ______ steps involving in collection of data.
A. three
B. four
C. five
D. six
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Module 16: Data Gathering Procedure (Chapter 3)
7. This is where you'll suggest specific interventions or strategies to address the issues and constraints
identified in the assessment.
A. Summarizing
B. Conclusions
C. Recommendation
D. Presentation
8. A treatment which make predictions and test hypotheses about your data.
A. Statistical Treatment
B. Inferential Statistics
C. Descriptive Statistics
D. Treatment
9. It refers to the step where explaining the technical steps involved in analyzing and interpreting data is
beyond the scope of this guide.
A. Step 2: Select issue(s) and/or opportunity(ies) and set goals.
B. Step 3: Plan an approach and methods.
C. Step 4: Collect data.
D. Step 5: Analyze and interpret data.
10. This step emphasizes the awareness of the practical considerations and best practices for addressing
logistical challenges organizations often face at this stage of the process.
A. Step 2: Select issue(s) and/or opportunity(ies) and set goals.
B. Step 3: Plan an approach and methods.
C. Step 4: Collect data.
D. Step 5: Analyze and interpret data.