CRIM INO LO G Y 7: Crim Inological Research 1 M Odule 16: Data G Athering Procedure (Chapter 3) Sub Topics: Chapter 4 and Chapter 5

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Module 16: Data Gathering Procedure (Chapter 3)

M o d u le 1 6 : D a ta G a th e rin g P ro c ed u re (C h a p te r 3 )
S u b to p ic s : C h a p te r 4 a n d C h a p te r 5

Welcome Notes:

W E L C O M E C R IM IN O L O G Y S T U D E N T S

I. IN T R O D U C T IO N :

In this module, we will thoroughly discuss the latter part of chapter 3 (methodology) and start
discussing Chapter 4 for presentation and interpretation of data and its sample; Chapter 5 for Summary,
Conclusion and Recommendation of data.

II. O B J E C T IV E S

At the end of this module, you will be able to:


1. Identify Summarizing, Conclusion and Recommendation;
2. Determine the purpose of Chapter 4; and
3. Explain the importance of Chapter 4 and 5.

III. P R E L IM IN A R Y A C T IV IT IE S :

Before you proceed to the main lesson, arrange the following


jumbled words. Hints are provided.

Z M G M A IU N S IR R M IE A O T D C M N E O N
H IN T S : H IN TS :
Shorten Endorsement
Simplify Suggestion
O C C N L S IU O N
H IN T S :
Closure
Decision by reasoning
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Module 16: Data Gathering Procedure (Chapter 3)

G R E A T !!!
You may now proceed to the main lesson.

IV . L E S S O N P R O P E R

LET’S BEGIN!
Based on the preliminary activities, what is gender?
________________________________________________
C O N G R A T U L A T IO N S !
You may now proceed to the lesson.

This section outlines some of the key considerations that may arise during various steps in the data
collection process. There is no requirement that these steps be followed or pursued in the order that they
are written. The model presented is offered as a reference tool. How data is gathered and analyzed
depends on many factors, including the context, the issue that needs to be monitored, the purpose of the
data collection, and the nature and size of the organization.

The main consideration is to make sure that any information collected is done in a way and for a
purpose that is consistent with the Code and complies with freedom of information and privacy protection
legislation. In the interest of effectiveness and efficiency, it is recommended that efforts be made to collect
data that will shed light on issues or opportunities. To protect the credibility and reliability of data,
information should be gathered using accepted data collection techniques.

According to Ontario Human Rights Commission, there are 6 steps involving in collecting data:
1. Step 1: Identify issues and/or opportunities for collecting data.
 The first step is to identify issues and/or opportunities for collecting data and to decide
what next steps to take. To do this, it may be helpful to conduct an internal and external
assessment to understand what is happening inside and outside of your organization.
2. Step 2: Select issue(s) and/or opportunity(ies) and set goals.
 The focus of Step 2 is choosing a priority issue(s) and/or opportunity(ies) for collecting
data, and then setting goals and objectives. The organization reviews the issues and/or
opportunities identified from the internal and external assessment done in Step 1, and
picks one or more specific issues and/or opportunities for starting a data collection project
from among the list of priorities.
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Module 16: Data Gathering Procedure (Chapter 3)

3. Step 3: Plan an approach and methods.


 In Step 3, organizations will make decisions about who will be surveyed, how data will be
collected, the sources of data that will be used, and the duration of the data collection
project, among other questions. These decisions may be made in consultation with an
expert.
4. Step 4: Collect data.
 It is important to be aware of the practical considerations and best practices for addressing
logistical challenges organizations often face at this stage of the process.
5. Step 5: Analyze and interpret data.
 Whether quantitative and/or qualitative methods of gathering data are used, the analysis
can be complex, or less so, depending on the methods used and the amount of data
collected. Explaining the technical steps involved in analyzing and interpreting data is
beyond the scope of this guide. An organization will have to determine whether it has the
internal capacity and expertise to analyze and interpret data itself, or whether it will need
the help of an external consultant.
6. Step 6: Act on results.
 Quantitative and qualitative information can provide a solid basis for creating an effective
action plan designed to achieve strategic organizational human resources, human rights,
equity and diversity goals identified through the data collection process.

Sample Data Gathering Procedure

F ig. 1 - h ttps://w w w .scrib d.com /do cum en t/234706751/D ata-G ath ering -P ro ced ure
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Module 16: Data Gathering Procedure (Chapter 3)

- Some of the most common qualitative data collection techniques include open-ended surveys
and questionnaires, interviews, focus groups, observation, case studies, and so on.

Sample Statistical Treatment of Data

F ig. 2 - h ttps://w w w .slid esh are.net/ispo y29/chap ter-iii-12073191

- The term “statistical treatment” is a catch all term which means to apply any statistical
method to your data. Treatments are divided into two groups: descriptive statistics, which
summarize your data as a graph or summary statistic and inferential statistics, which make
predictions and test hypotheses about your data.

CHAPTER IV
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

- The purpose of this chapter is to summarize the collected data and the statistical treatment, and/or
mechanics, of analysis. Explain the object of each experiment, question, or objective, point out
salient results, and present those results by table, figure, or other form of summarized data.

- This chapter should provide the product of your analytic process. Think of it as a “stand alone”
chapter that you could hand to a friend and just by reading it, they would know exactly what you
discovered through your study.
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Module 16: Data Gathering Procedure (Chapter 3)

Sample Chapter IV in Table Interpretation

F ig . 3 - h ttps://w w w .scrib d.com /do c/11757466/T h esis-C h ap ter-4-5

Figure Interpretation

F ig. 4 - h ttps://sites.go og le.com /site/m yresea rch d issertatio n /ch apter-4-fin dings-an d -d ata-an alysis
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Module 16: Data Gathering Procedure (Chapter 3)

CHAPTER 5
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
 Summarizing means giving a concise overview of a text’s main points in your own words. A
summary is always much shorter than the original text. Writing a summary does not involve
critiquing or analyzing the source—you should simply provide a clear, objective, accurate account
of the most important information and ideas, without copying any text from the original and without
missing any of the key points.
 Conclusions illustrate your personal reflections or insights into the continued research of your
topic. This discussion provides an overview on the importance of the area of research. A
component of the discussion could demonstrate the consequences should this research be ignored
or how a specific audience will benefit from the research. Another component of the discussion will
encourage others to continue to contribute to a specific body of knowledge.
 Recommendations are arguably the most important part of the analysis phase—this is where
you'll suggest specific interventions or strategies to address the issues and constraints identified in
the assessment. Recommendations should directly respond to key findings arrived at through data
collection and analysis.

Sample Chapter 5
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Module 16: Data Gathering Procedure (Chapter 3)

Fig 5 and 6 - https://www.nap.edu/read/22249/chapter/7

We had just finished the discussion on Data Gathering Procedure


(Chapter 3). Let’s move on to the next higher level of activity/ies or
exercise/s that demonstrate your potential skills/knowledge of what you
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Module 16: Data Gathering Procedure (Chapter 3)

V . A N A L Y S IS , A P P L IC A T IO N A N D E X P L O R A T IO N

Name: ______________________________ Year & Section: __________________


ACTIVITY 1
Direction: Complete the statement below choosing the correct missing words below.

gathered monitored efficiency credibility shed

nature requirement accepted collection context

There is no (1) ____________________ that these steps be followed or pursued in the order that
they are written. The model presented is offered as a reference tool. How data is (2)
____________________ and analyzed depends on many factors, including the (3)
____________________, the issue that needs to be (4) ____________________, the purpose of the data
(5) ____________________, and the (6) ____________________ and size of the organization.

In the interest of effectiveness and (7) ____________________, it is recommended that efforts be


made to collect data that will (8) ____________________ light on issues or opportunities. To protect the (9)
____________________ and reliability of data, information should be gathered using (10)
____________________ data collection techniques.

ACTIVITY 2
Name: ______________________________ Year & Section: __________________
Direction: Match Column A to its correct concept in Column B.

Column A Column B

1. This is where you'll suggest specific interventions or


strategies to address the issues and constraints identified in the A. Descriptive Statistics
assessment.
2. A treatment that make predictions and test hypotheses about B. Conclusion
your data. C. Recommendation
3. It is a discussion that provides an overview on the
importance of the area of research. D. Statistical Treatment
4. A treatment that summarizes your data as a graph or
summary statistic. E. Inferential Statistics
5. It is a “catch all” term which means to apply any statistical
method to your data.
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Module 16: Data Gathering Procedure (Chapter 3)

Finally, let us summarize the lesson of what we had


discussed today.

V I. G E N E R A L IZ A T IO N

Name: ______________________________________ Year and Section: _______________


DIRECTION: Explain the importance of Chapter 4 and 5 in 3-5 sentences reflection each.

Chapter 4: Presentation, Analysis and Interpretation of Data


_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________

Chapter 5: Summary of Findings, Conclusions, and Recommendations

_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
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Module 16: Data Gathering Procedure (Chapter 3)

Level Description Score


 Well written and very organized.
 Excellent grammar mechanics.
OUTSTANDING  Clear and concise statements. 9-10
 Excellent effort and presentation with detail.
 Demonstrates a thorough understanding of the topic.
 Writes fairly clear.
 Good grammar mechanics.
GOOD 7-8
 Good presentation and organization.
 Sufficient effort and detail
 Minimal effort.
 Good grammar mechanics.
FAIR 6
 Fair presentation.
 Few supporting details.
 Somewhat unclear.
 Shows little effort.
POOR  Poor grammar mechanics. 5
 Confusing and choppy, incomplete sentences.
 No organization of thoughts.

KUDOS!
You have come to an end of Module 16.
OOPS! Don’t forget that you have still an assignment to do.
Here it is….
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Module 16: Data Gathering Procedure (Chapter 3)

V II. A S S IG N M E N T

Name: ______________________________ Year & Section: __________________


DIRECTION: Determine if the following statement is TRUE or FALSE.

_________________________ 1. The purpose of Chapter 5 is to summarize the collected data and the
statistical treatment, and/or mechanics, of analysis.

_________________________ 2. In Step 2, organizations will make decisions about who will be surveyed,
how data will be collected

_________________________ 3. Writing a summary does not involve critiquing or analyzing the source—
you should simply provide a clear, objective, accurate account of the most important information and ideas,
without copying any text from the original and without missing any of the key points.

_________________________ 4. Chapter 4 is a “stand alone” chapter that you could hand to a friend and
just by reading it, they would know exactly what you discovered through your study.

_________________________ 5. Recommendations should directly respond to key findings arrived at


through data collection and analysis.

After your long journey of reading and accomplishing the


module, let us now challenge your mind by answering the
evaluation part of this module.
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Module 16: Data Gathering Procedure (Chapter 3)

V III. E V A L U A T IO N

Name: _____________________________ Year & Section: __________________

Direction: Read each sentence/situation carefully and select the letter of the correct answer among
the choices.

1. It is a discussion that provides an overview on the importance of the area of research.


A. Conclusion
B. Recommendations
C. Summary of Data
D. Statistical Treatment of Data

2. Treatments are divided into _________ groups.


A. four
B. three
C. two
D. five

3. The purpose of this chapter is to summarize the collected data and the statistical treatment, and/or
mechanics, of analysis.
A. Chapter 3
B. Chapter 4
C. Chapter 5
D. None of these

4. A treatment that summarizes your data as a graph or summary statistic.


A. Statistical Treatment
B. Inferential Statistics
C. Descriptive Statistics
D. Treatment

5. Based on Ontario Human Rights Commission, there are ______ steps involving in collection of data.
A. three
B. four
C. five
D. six
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Module 16: Data Gathering Procedure (Chapter 3)

6. All are data collection techniques, EXCEPT ________________.


A. questionnaires
B. writing
C. observation
D. case studies

7. This is where you'll suggest specific interventions or strategies to address the issues and constraints
identified in the assessment.
A. Summarizing
B. Conclusions
C. Recommendation
D. Presentation

8. A treatment which make predictions and test hypotheses about your data.
A. Statistical Treatment
B. Inferential Statistics
C. Descriptive Statistics
D. Treatment

9. It refers to the step where explaining the technical steps involved in analyzing and interpreting data is
beyond the scope of this guide.
A. Step 2: Select issue(s) and/or opportunity(ies) and set goals.
B. Step 3: Plan an approach and methods.
C. Step 4: Collect data.
D. Step 5: Analyze and interpret data.

10. This step emphasizes the awareness of the practical considerations and best practices for addressing
logistical challenges organizations often face at this stage of the process.
A. Step 2: Select issue(s) and/or opportunity(ies) and set goals.
B. Step 3: Plan an approach and methods.
C. Step 4: Collect data.
D. Step 5: Analyze and interpret data.

C O N G R A T U L A T IO N S on reaching the end of this module!


You may now proceed to the next module.
Don’t forget to submit all the exercises, activities and portfolio
on ___________________.
KEEP UP THE GOOD W ORK.
Well Done!!!

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