VASQUEZ, ELOIZA UNICE B.

FIRST YEAR BS PHYSICAL THERAPY

UPPER AND LOWER

EXTREMITIES OINA

MUSCLE OF THE SHOULDER

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

 Anterior fibers – F,
 Clavicle Deltoid tuberosity of the IR of the arm
 Acromion humerus Axillary nerve
 DELTOID  Spine of the  Middle fibers – ABd
scapula of the arm beyond
15°

 Posterior fibers – E,
ER of the arm

SITS MUSCLES
ACTION
MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY
 Prime mover for
the initiation of
SUPRASPINATUS Supraspinous fossa of Greater tubercle of the Suprascapular nerve arm abduction
the scapula humerus  Stabilizes the
humeral head into
the glenoid fossa
of the scapula

SITS MUSCLES

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

 Prime mover for
shoulder ER
Infraspinous fossa of the Greater tubercle of the Suprascapular nerve  Also stabilizes the
INFRASPINATUS MS. scapula humerus humeral head into
the glenoid cavity
of the scapula
 SITS MUSCLES

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

 Prime mover for
shoulder ER
TERES MINOR MS Lateral border of the Greater tubercle of the  Also stabilizes the
scapula humerus Axillary nerve humeral head into
the glenoid cavity
of the scapula
 Adducts the arm
from the abducted
position

SITS MUSCLES

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

 Prime mover for
SUBSCAPULARIS MS shoulder ER
Infraspinous fossa of the Greater tubercle of the Suprascapular nerve  Also stabilizes the
scapula humerus humeral head into
the glenoid cavity
of the scapula

SITS MUSCLES
ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION
MUSCLE  EXTENSION,
ADDUCTION,
Medial lip of the AND INTERNAL
Inferior angle of the intertubercular groove of Lower subscapular
TERES MAJOR MS scapula nerve ROTATION
the humerus
  Contributes to the
stabilization of
the shoulder joints

MUSCLE OF THE ARM

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

 Strongest and the
chief flexor of the
 Coronoid process  Musculocutaneous forearm at the
BRACHIALIS MS Distal half of anterior of the ulna nerve
surface of the humerus elbow joint
 Ulnar tuberosity (workhorse of the
 Radial nerve
elbow)
 only pure flexor of
the elbow joint
 does not participate
in pronation and
supination of the
FA

MUSCLE OF THE ARM

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

 ADDUCTION
Musculocutaneous AND FLEXION
CORACOBRACHIALIS Coracoid process of the Medial aspect of shaft nerve
 MS. scapula of humerus OF SHOULDER
JOINT
 ACT
ANTAGONIST
TO DELTOID
MS

MUSCLE OF THE ARM

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

 Long Head –
Supraglenoid  Radial tuberosity  Powerful flexor
tubercle of the Musculocutaneous nerve of the elbow joint
BICEPS BRACHII MS  Deep fascia of
scapula
the forearm  Chief supinator of
 Short Head – (bicipital the forearm
Apex of the aponeurosis)
coracoid process
of the scapula

MUSCLE OF THE ARM (POSTERIOR)

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

 Elbow joint:
 Long Head extends the FA
infraglenoid tubercle
TRICEPS BRACHII MS Olecranon of the ulna Radial Nerve  shoulder joint
of the scapula
 Lateral Head - extends and
superior to the radial ADDuction of the
 groove arm (long head),
 Medial Head – stability of the
inferior to the radial shoulder joint
groove

MUSCLE OF THE FOREARM (SUPERFICIAL LAYER)

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

 Pronation of the
 Humeral Head – forearm
medial epicondyle of
PRONATOR TERES Lateral aspect of the Median Nerve
the
MS. shaft of the humerus  Flexion of the
humerus
 Ulnar Head – medial forearm
border of the
coronoid process of
the ulna

MUSCLE OF THE FOREARM (SUPERFICIAL LAYER)

 MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION
 Pronation of the
Medial epicondyle forearm
of the humerus Lateral aspect of the
FLEXOR CARPI shaft of the humerus Median Nerve
RADIALIS (FCR) MS  Flexion of the
forearm

MUSCLE OF THE FOREARM (SUPERFICIAL LAYER)

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

Medial epicondyle of Flexor retinaculum and Median nerve Flex the hand at the
PALMARIS LONGUS the humerus palmar aponeurosis wrist joint

MUSCLE OF THE FOREARM (SUPERFICIAL LAYER)

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

 Humeral head –
medial epicondyle Flexor retinaculum and Flex the hand at the
palmar aponeurosis Median nerve wrist joint
FLEXOR CARPI ULNARIS of the humerus

 Ulnar head – medial

aspect of the
olecranon process
and posterior
border of the ulna

MUSCLE OF THE FOREARM (DEEP LAYER)

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

Anterior surface of the Base of the distal Anterior Interosseous Flex the distal phalanx
shaft of radius. phalanx of the thumb nerve (AIN) branch of the of the thumb
FLEXOR POLLICIS Interosseous membrane median nerve
LONGUS (FPL)

MUSCLE OF THE FOREARM (DEEP LAYER)

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

Proximal half of the  Flex the distal
anterior surface of ulna Base of the 2 –5 distal  Medial half (ring and
nd th
phalanx of 2nd-5th
FLEXOR DIGITORUM Interosseous membrane phalanges pinky): Ulnar nerve phalanges
PROFUNDUS (FDP)  Lateral half (index and  Assists in flexion of
middle): AIN the middle and
proximal phalanges
  Assists in wrist
flexion

MUSCLE OF THE FOREARM (DEEP LAYER)

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

PRONATOR QUADRATUS Distal anterior surface Distal anterior surface Anterior Interosseous Pronates the forearm
of the shaft of ulna of the shaft of radius nerve (AIN)

MUSCLE OF THE LATERAL FOREARM

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

Lateral supracondylar
BRACHIORADIALIS ridge of the humerus. Ulnar styloid Radial Nerve Flexion of the forearm
Lateral intramuscular
septum
 MUSCLE OF THE LATERAL FOREARM

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

Lateral supracondylar
EXTENSOR CARPI ridge of the humerus. Posterior surface of the Radial nerve Extends and abducts
RADIALIS LONGUS Lateral intramuscular base of the 2nd (RD) the hand the
(ECRL) septum metacarpal wrist joint

MUSCLE OF THE POSTERIOR FOREARM (SUPERFICIAL LAYER)

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

EXTENSOR CARPI Extends and abducts

RADIALIS BREVIS Lateral epicondyle of Posterior surface of the Posterior Interosseous (RD) the hand the
(ECRB) the humerus base of the 3rd nerve (PIN) wrist joint
metacarpal

MUSCLE OF THE POSTERIOR FOREARM (SUPERFICIAL LAYER)

 MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

EXTENSOR DIGITORUM Lateral epicondyle of Dorsal surface of the Posterior Interosseous Extends the 2nd-5th
(ED) the humerus 2nd-5th phalanges nerve (PIN) phalanges at the MCP
(extensor expansion) and IP joints

MUSCLE OF THE POSTERIOR FOREARM (SUPERFICIAL LAYER)

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

EXTENSOR DIGITI Lateral epicondyle of Extensor expansion of Posterior Interosseous Extends the MCP joint
MINIMI (EDM) the humerus the 5th phalanx nerve (PIN) of the little finger

MUSCLE OF THE POSTERIOR FOREARM (SUPERFICIAL LAYER)

 MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

EXTENSOR CARPI Lateral epicondyle of Posterior surface of the Posterior Interosseous Extends and adducts the
ULNARIS the humerus base of the 5th nerve (PIN) hand the wrist joint
metacarpal

MUSCLE OF THE POSTERIOR FOREARM (SUPERFICIAL LAYER)

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

ANCONEUS MUSCLE Lateral epicondyle of Lateral surface of the Radial Nerve  Assist in FA
the humerus olecranon extension at the elbow
joint
 Stabilizes the
elbow joint

MUSCLE OF THE POSTERIOR FOREARM (DEEP LAYER)

 MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

Lateral epicondyle of
humerus Lateral, posterior, and PIN Assists the biceps in
SUPINATOR anterior surfaces of supination of the
Radial collateral proximal third of radius forearm
ligament

Annular ligament

Supinator crest of ulna

MUSCLE OF THE POSTERIOR FOREARM (DEEP LAYER)

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

 Thumb extension
EXTENSOR POLLICIS Posterior surface of the Posterior aspect of the  Extension of the
LONGUS (EPL) middle 3rd of ulna base of distal phalanx PIN hand (weak)
Interosseous membrane of thumb

MUSCLE OF THE POSTERIOR FOREARM (DEEP LAYER)

 MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION
 Posterior surface  Thumb abduction
ABDUCTOR POLLICIS of the proximal and extension
LONGUS (APL) half of radius Base of the 1st PIN
 Ulna metacarpal  Extension of the
 Interosseous Trapezium hand at the wrist
membrane joint

MUSCLE OF THE POSTERIOR FOREARM (DEEP LAYER)

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

EXTENSOR POLLICIS Posterior surface of the Posterior aspect of the

BREVIS (EPB) distal 3rd of ulna base of proximal PIN Thumb extension
Interosseous membrane phalanx of thumb

MUSCLE OF THE POSTERIOR FOREARM (DEEP LAYER)

 MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

 Extension of the
EXTENSOR INDICIS (EI) Posterior surface of the Extensor expansion of index finger
distal 3rd of ulna 2nd phalanx (index) PIN  Extension of the
Interosseous membrane hand (weak)

MUSCLE OF THE HAND (METACARPAL MUSCLE)

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

1 and 2nd DI: radial
st

sides of the metacarpal (lateral) base of  Abduction of the

bones proximal phalanx/ fingers away from
DORSAL INTEROSSEI Deep branch of ulnar the 3rd finger
extension expansion of nerve
2&3  MCP joint: flexion
3 and 4th DI: Ulnar
rd  IP joint: extension
(medial) base of the
proximal phalanx/
extensor expansion of 3
&4
 MUSCLE OF THE HAND (METACARPAL MUSCLE)

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

1 PI: medial side of the
st
 Adduction of the
 1st PI: medial side of base of proximal fingers towards from
the base of the phalanx of the thumb the 3rd finger
PALMAR INTEROSSEI proximal phalanx of Deep branch of ulnar
2nd PI: medial side of nerve
the 1 metacarpal
st
the base of the proximal  MCP joint: flexion
phalanx of the index
 2nd-4th PI: anterior 3rd and 4th PI: lateral
surface of the 2 , 4
nd th,  IP joint: extension
side of the base of the
and 5th proximal phalanx of
metacarpal ring and pinky,
respectively

MUSCLE OF THE HAND (METACARPAL MUSCLE)

 MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION
 2-5 MCP: Finger
flexion
Lumbricals 1 & 2:
LUMBRICALS Tendons of FDP Extensor expansion Median nerve  2-5 IP: Finger
(2nd-5th) extension
Lumbricals 3 & 4:
Ulnar nerve

THENAR MUSCLES

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

Transverse head:
ADDUCTOR POLLICIS Palmar base of 3rd Medial side of the base
metacarpal of the proximal phalanx Deep branch of ulnar Thumb Adduction
of the thumb nerve
Oblique head: Capitate,
palmar base of 2nd –
3rd metacarpal

THENAR MUSCLES
 MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

Transverse head:
FLEXOR POLLICIS Palmar base of 3rd Lateral aspect of the Superficial head:
BREVIS (FPB) metacarpal base of the 1st proximal Median nerve Thumb Flexion
phalanx
Oblique head: Capitate, Deep head: Ulnar nerve
palmar base of 2nd –
3rd metacarpal

THENAR MUSCLES

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

Tubercles of scaphoid
ABDUCTOR POLLICIS and trapezium bones, Lateral aspect of the
BREVIS (APB) Flexor retinaculum base of the 1st proximal Median nerve Thumb opposition
phalanx

HYPOTHENAR MUSCLES
 MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION
 Tightens grip
Palmar aponeurosis
PALMARIS BREVIS Dermis skin of  Makes the
Flexor retinaculum hypothenar region Ulnar nerve hypothenar eminence
prominent and more
wrinkly

PLANTAR SURFACE OF THE FOOT

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

 Medial side of base  Abduction and

ABDUCTOR DIGITI Calcaneus of the proximal Medial Plantar Nerve Flexion of the big toe
MINIMI phalanx of the 1

HYPOTHENAR MUSCLES
 MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

 Hook of hamate Flexion of the 5th

FLEXOR DIGITI MINIMI Medial side of the base Ulnar nerve phalanx at the MCP
 Flexor of 5th proximal phalanx
retinaculum

HYPOTHENAR MUSCLES

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

 Hook of hamate  Opposition of the 5th

OPPONENS DIGITI Ulnar aspect of 5 th
Ulnar nerve phalanx
MINIMI  Flexor retinaculum metacarpal  Assists the FDM in
flexion of the 5th
MCP

MUSCLE OF THE SCALP

 MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

FRONTALIS: Skin of  Wrinkles the

Occipitofrontalis eyebrow, muscle of Epicardial Aponeurosis Facial nerve forehead
forehead
 Retracts the scalp
OCCIPITALIS:
NUCHEAL LINE

MUSCLE OF THE FACE

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

Nasal part of the nose  Orbital part: tightly

Orbicularis Oculi closes the eyelids,
Frontal process of such as in
maxilla Skin of orbital region
WINKING or
Facial nerve SQUINTING
Medial part of  Palpebral part: gently
palpebral closes the eyelids, as
Lacrimal bone in BLINKING or
SLEEP
 When combined:
CLOSES the eyes
firmly
 MUSCLE OF THE FACE

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

 Draws the eyebrows

Corrugator Supercilii together produces the
Superciliary arch Skin above middle Temporal branches of vertical wrinkling of
supraorbital margin Facial nerve the forehead as in
FROWNING

MUSCLE OF THE FACE

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

Transverse part Transverse part  Transverse part:

Nasalis (Compressor Naris): (Compressor Naris): wrinkles skin over
Maxilla counterpart of dorsum Buccal branch of Facial the dorsum of nose,
of the nose nerve as in expressing
Alar Part (Dilator DISDAIN or
Naris): Frontal process Alar Part (Dilator DISLIKE
of maxilla Naris): skin of alar  Alar Part: dilates the
nostrils, i.e., “flaring
nostrils”, as in during
ANGER or
EXERTION

MUSCLE OF THE FACE

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

 Wrinkles skin of the

Procerus Nasal bone Skin between eyebrows Temporal branches of nose
Facial nerve

MUSCLE OF THE FACE

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

 Compresses the
Outer surface of cheeks and lips
Buccinator alveolar margin of against the molar
maxilla, mandible and Modiolus, blends with Buccal branch of Facial
muscles of upper lip nerve teeth
pterygomandibular  Prevents the cheeks
ligament from being bitten
during mastication
(chewing)
 Resist cheek
expansion when
BLOWING

MUSCLE OF THE FACE

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

 Elevates the angle/s
of the mouth super
Zygomaticus Major Lateral aspect of Modiolus, blends with Buccal and zygomatic laterally
zygomatic bone muscles of upper lip branch of Facial nerve  Bilateral action:
SMILING WITH
TEETH
 Unilateral action:
SNEERING

MUSCLE OF THE FACE

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

 Elevates the upper
lip
Zygomaticus Minor lower surface of the  Deepens the
zygomatic bone lateral part of the upper buccal branch of the
lip nasolabial sulcus
facial nerve  Bilateral action:
SMILING WITH
TEETH
 Unilateral action:
SNEERING
 MUSCLE OF THE FACE

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

 Pulls the angle of the
mouth laterally
Risorius  Partoid fascia Modiolus Buccal branch of Facial  It helps other facial
nerve muscles in producing
 Zygomatic bone
 Buccal skin facial expressions
such as
FROWNING,
SMILING
WITHOUT THE
TEETH,
SMIRKING, and
GRINNING

MUSCLE OF THE FACE

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

 Compresses and
protrudes the lips
Orbicularis Oris Maxilla, mandible, and Encircles oral orifice Buccal branch of the and closes the
skin facial nerve mouth, such as in
KISSING
 With the buccinator
and tongue =
prevents the food
from escaping the
teeth during
 mastication
 Also, an important
muscle of
articulation (speech

MUSCLE OF THE FACE

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

 Rectracts (depresses)
Depressor Labii Inferioris Oblique line of Skin and submucosa of Mandibular branch of and evert the lower
mandible lower lip Facial nerve lip
 As in SADNESS

MUSCLE OF THE FACE

 MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

 Zygomatic process  Assist is opening the

Levator Labii Superioris of mandible Buccal and zygomatic mouth
Upper lip  Retracts (elevates)
branch of the facial
 Maxillary process of nerve and evert the upper
zygomatic bone lip, as in expressing
SMUGNES

MUSCLE OF THE FACE

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

 Depresses the angle

Depressor Anguli Oris  Mental tubercle of the mouth and
Modiolus Buccal and mandibular pulls it slightly
 Oblique line of branch of Facial nerve lateral
mandible  It facilitates
expressing
SADNESS and
assists in opening the
mouth

MUSCLE OF THE Neck

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

 Depresses the
 Platysma Deep fascia over mandible
pectoralis major Body of mandible and Facial nerve cervical  Tenses the skin of
and deltoid angle of mouth branch inferior face and
neck such as in
expressing
TENSION and
STRESS

MUSCLE OF THE NECK

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

 Extend head and flex

Sternocleidomastoid Manubrium sterni and Mastoid process of Spinal part of accessory neck
medial third of clavicle temporal and occipital nerve C2 and C3  One muscle rotates
bone head to opposite side

MUSCLE OF THE NECK

 MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

Inferior belly: Upper Depresses the hyoid

Omohyoid margin of scapula and Intermediate tendon is bone
suprascapular ligament held to clavicle and first C1, C2 AND C3
rib by fascial sling
Superior belly: Lower
body of hyoid bone

MUSCLE OF THE NECK (SCALENE MUSCLES)

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

Transverse processes of
Scalene anterior 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th cervical Elevates the first rib;
vertebrae First rib C4, C5 and C6 flexes and rotates
cervical part of
vertebrae column

MUSCLE OF THE NECK

 MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

Elevates the first rib;

Scalene medius Transverse processes of First rib Anterior rami of flexes and rotates
upper six cervical cervical nerves cervical part of
vertebrae vertebrae column

MUSCLE OF THE NECK

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

Elevates the second rib;

Scalene posterior Transverse processes of Second rib Anterior rami of flexes and rotates
lower six cervical cervical nerves cervical part of
vertebrae vertebrae column

MUSCLE OF THE NECK (SUPRAHYOID MUSCLES)

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

Elevates hyoid, floor of

Mylohyoid Mylohyoid line of Mylohyoid raphe and Nerve to mylohyoid mouth and tongue
mandible body of hyoid (from mandibular during swallowing and
nerve) speaking

MUSCLE OF THE NECK (SUPRAHYOID MUSCLES)

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

Pulls hyoid, shortens

Geniohyoid Inferior mental spine of Body of hyoid C1, hypoglossal nerve floor of mouth, widens
mandible pharynx

MUSCLE OF THE NECK (SUPRAHYOID MUSCLES)

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

Elevates and retracts

Stylohyoid Styloid process of Body of hyoid Stylohyoid branch of hyoid, elongating floor
temporal bone facial nerve of mouth

MUSCLE OF THE NECK (SUPRAHYOID MUSCLES)

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

Anterior belly: Anterior belly: Inferior Working with

Digastric Digastric fossa of Intermediate tendon to alveolar nerve infrahyoid muscles:
mandible body and greater horn Depresses mandible
of hyoid Posterior belly: against resistance
Posterior belly: Digastric branch of
Mastoid notch temporal facial nerve
bone

MUSCLE OF THE NECK (INFRAHYOID MUSCLES)

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

Manubrium of sternum C1 to C3 branch of Depresses hyoid after

Sternohyoid and medial end of Body of hyoid ansa cervicalis elevation
clavicle

MUSCLE OF THE NECK (INFRAHYOID MUSCLES)

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

Superior border of C1 to C3 branch of Depresses retracts and

Omohyoid scapula near Inferior border of hyoid ansa cervicalis steady’s hyoid
suprascapular notch

MUSCLE OF THE NECK (INFRAHYOID MUSCLES)

 MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

Posterior surface of C2 and C3 by a branch Depresses hyoid and

Sternothyroid manubrium of sternum Oblique line of thyroid of ansa cervicalis larynx
cartilage

MUSCLE OF THE NECK (INFRAHYOID MUSCLES)

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

Oblique line of thyroid C1 hypoglossal nerve Depresses hyoid and

Thyrohyroid cartilage Oblique line of thyroid elevates larynx
cartilage

MUSCLE OF THE INTRINSIC BACK (DEEPEST)

 MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

Spinous processes of Inferior surfaces of Posterior rami of spinal Extension and rotation
Interspinales cervical and lumbar spinous processes of nerves of vertebral column
vertebrae vertebra superior to
vertebra of proximal
attachment

MUSCLE OF THE INTRINSIC BACK (DEEPEST)

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

Transverse processes of Transverse processes of Posterior rami of spinal Lateral flexion of

Intertransversarii cervical and lumbar adjacent vertebrae nerves vertebral column; acting
vertebrae bilaterally; stabilize
vertebral column

MUSCLE OF THE INTRINSIC BACK (DEEP)

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

TRANSVERSOSPINALIS Transverse process Spinous process more Extension

superior vertebrae
Semispinalis
Transverse processes Thoracis cervicis Posterior rami of spinal Extends head and
C4 to T12 vertebrae nerves thoracic and cervical
region of vertebral
Multifidus column
Posterior sacrum Thickest in lumbar
 region Stabilizes vertebrae
Rotatores during local movements
Transverse process of Fibers pass
vertebrae superomedially to Stabilizes vertebrae and
attatch to junction of assist local extension
lamina and transverse and rotatory movements
process

MUSCLE OF THE INTRINSIC BACK (INTERMEDIATE)

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

Broad tendon from

ERECTOR SPINAE posterior part of iliac Acting bilaterally:
crest, posterior sacrum, Extend vertebral column
sarco- illliac ligaments Posterior rami of spinal and head is flexed
nerves
Fibers run superiorly to
Illiocostalis angles of lower ribs and
cervical transverse Acting unilaterally:
processes Laterally flex vertebral
column
 Superiorly to ribs
Longissimus between tubercles and
angles to transverse
Spinalis process

Fibers run superiorly to

spinous processes in the
upper thoracic region to
cranium

MUSCLE OF THE INTRINSIC BACK (SUPERFICIAL)

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

Fiber run super laterally Posterior rami of spinal Acting alone: Laterally
Splenius Cavitis Nuchal ligament and to mastoid process of nerves flex neck and rotate
spinous processes of C7 temporal bone and head to side of active
to T6 vertebrae lateral third of superior muscles
nuchal line of occipital
bone

Nuchal ligament and Tubercles of transverse Acting together: Extend

Splenius Cervicis
spinous processes of C7 processes of C1- C3 or head and neck
to T6 vertebrae C4 vertebrae
 MUSCLE OF THE EXTRINSIC BACK (SUPERFICIAL)

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

S: external occipital S: clavicle Accessory spinal nerve S: elevates scapula

Trapezius protuberance (CN XI)
M: acromion process M: retracts the scapula
M: T1-T4 spinous
processes I: spine of the scapula I: depress the scapula

I: T5-T12 spinous
processes

MUSCLE OF THE EXTRINSIC BACK (SUPERFICIAL)

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

Raise the medial border

Levator Scapulae Transverse processes of Dorsal scapular nerve of the scapula
C1-C4 Medial border of the
scapula
 MUSCLE OF THE EXTRINSIC BACK (SUPERFICIAL)

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

Major: spinous process  Retracts the scapula

Rhomboids of T2-T5 Dorsal scapular nerve and downward
Medial border of the
Minor: spinous process scapula  Rotation of the
of C7-T1 scapula

MUSCLE OF THE EXTRINSIC BACK (SUPERFICIAL)

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

Spinous processes of  Extends, adducts,

Latissumus Dorsi T6-L5, crest of the Intertubercular groove Thoracodorsal nerve and medially rotates
sacrum and iliac crest of the humerus the arm

 Raising of the trunk

above the arm (pull-
ups)

MUSCLE OF THE EXTRINSIC BACK (INTERMEDIATE)

 MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

SERRATUS POSTERIOR Elevates ribs; assists in

SUPERIOR forced inspiration
Spinous processes Posterior aspect of ribs Anterior rami of the (inhale)
2-5 spinal nerve

MUSCLE OF THE EXTRINSIC BACK (INTERMEDIATE)

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

Depresses ribs; assists

SERRATUS POSTERIOR in forced expiration
INFERIOR Spinous processes of Posterior aspect of ribs Anterior rami of the (exhale)
T11-L2 9-12 spinal nerve

ANTERIOR MUSCLES OF THE HIP (ILIOPSOAS)

 MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

ILIACUS Iliac fossa Lesser trochanter Femoral Nerve Flex and laterally
rotates the thigh at the
hip joint

ANTERIOR MUSCLES OF THE HIP (ILIOPSOAS)

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

PSOAS MAJOR Sides of T12–L5 Lesser trochanter L1 and L2 lumbar Flex and laterally
vertebrae and IV disc spinal nerves rotates the thigh at the
hip joint

ANTERIOR MUSCLES OF THE HIP

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

PSOAS MINOR Iliac fossa Lesser trochanter Femoral Nerve Flex the thigh at the hip
joint
 ANTERIOR MUSCLES OF THE HIP

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

OBTURATOR EXTERNUS Margins of obturator Trochanteric crest Obturator Nerve Laterally rotates the
foramen thigh at the hip joint

POSTERIOR MUSCLES OF THE HIP (BUTTOCKS)

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

GEMELLUS SUPERIOR Ischial spine Greater trochanter Nerve to Obturator • When the hip is
Internus extended: Lateral
rotation of the thigh •
When the hip is flexed:
Abduction of the thigh
 POSTERIOR MUSCLES OF THE HIP (BUTTOCKS)

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

• When the hip is

GEMELLUS INFERIOR Ischial tuberosity Greater trochanter Nerve to Obturator extended: Lateral
Internus rotation of the thigh •
When the hip is flexed:
Abduction of the thigh

POSTERIOR MUSCLES OF THE HIP (BUTTOCKS)

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

QUADRATUS FEMORIS Ischial tuberosity Intertrochanteric crest Nerve to Obturator Lateral rotation of the
Internus thigh at the hip joint

POSTERIOR MUSCLES OF THE HIP (BUTTOCKS)

 MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

• When the hip is

OBTURATOR INTERNUS Margin or obturator Greater trochanter Nerve to Obturator extended: Lateral
foramen Internus rotation of the thigh •
When the hip is flexed:
Abduction of the thigh

POSTERIOR MUSCLES OF THE HIP (BUTTOCKS)

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

• Abduction and medial

GLUTEUS MINIMUS Between anterior and Greater trochanter Superior Gluteal Nerve rotation of the thigh
posterior gluteal line of
the ischium

POSTERIOR MUSCLES OF THE HIP (BUTTOCKS)

 MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

GLUTEUS MEDIUS Between anterior and Greater trochanter Superior Gluteal Nerve • Abduction and medial
posterior gluteal line of rotation of the thigh
the ischium

POSTERIOR MUSCLES OF THE HIP (BUTTOCKS)

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

GLUTEUS MAXIMUS Posterior gluteal line of Gluteal tuberosity of the Inferior Gluteal Nerve • Extends thigh
the ischium; dorsal femur; iliotibial tract (especially from flexed
surface of sacrum and position)
coccyx; Sacro tuberous • Assists in lateral
ligament rotation of the thigh

POSTERIOR MUSCLES OF THE HIP (BUTTOCKS)

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

• Abduction, Flexion,
TENSOR FASCIA LATAE ASIS ITB Superior Gluteal Nerve and medial rotation of
the thigh
 MUSCLES OF THE ANTERIOS COMPARTMENT OF THE THIGH

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

• HIP JOINT:
SARTORIUS Anterior Superior Iliac Tibia (upper medial Femoral Nerve Abduction and Lateral
Spine (ASIS) surface) (External) Rotation of
the thigh
• KNEE JOINT: Flexion
and Medial (Internal)
Rotation of the leg

MUSCLES OF THE ANTERIOS COMPARTMENT OF THE THIGH

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

• Vastus Intermedius –
QUADRICEPS FEMORIS anterior surface of the Base of the patella; Femoral Nerve • HIP JOINT: RF flexes
femur patellar ligament the thigh at the hip joint
• Vastus Medialis – • KNEE JOINT:
medial line of linea Extends the leg at the
aspera knee joint
• Vastus Lateralis –
lateral line of linea
aspera
• Rectus Femoris –
anterior inferior iliac
spine (AIIS)
 MUSCLES OF THE POSTERIOS COMPARTMENT OF THE THIGH (HAMSTRINGS)

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

BICEPS FEMORIS • Long Head of the Lateral side of the head • Long head: Tibial • Extend the thigh at the
Biceps: Ischial of the fibula Nerve hip joint
tuberosity • Short Head: Common • Laterally rotates the
• Short Head of the Peroneal Nerve leg
Biceps: Linea aspera
and lateral
supracondylar ridge of
the femur

MUSCLES OF THE POSTERIOS COMPARTMENT OF THE THIGH (HAMSTRINGS)

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

• Extend the thigh at the

SEMIMEMBRANOSUS Ischial tuberosity Posterior aspect of the Tibial Nerve hip joint
medial tibial condyle • Laterally rotates the
leg
 MUSCLES OF THE POSTERIOS COMPARTMENT OF THE THIGH (HAMSTRINGS)

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

• Extend the thigh at the

SEMITENDINOSUS Ischial tuberosity Superior aspect of the Tibial Nerve hip joint
medial surface of the • Laterally rotates the
tibia leg

MUSCLES OF THE MEDIAL COMPARTMENT OF THE THIGH

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

• HIP JOINT: adduct

GRACILLIS Inferior ramus of the Superior aspect of the Obturator Nerve and flex the thigh
pubis medial surface of the • KNEE JOINT: flex
tibia and medially rotate the
leg

MUSCLES OF THE MEDIAL COMPARTMENT OF THE THIGH

 MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

• Adductor part:
ADDUCTOR MAGNUS • Adductor part: • Adductor part: medial • Adductor part: Adducts and Flex the
inferior ramus of the lip of linea aspera, Obturator Nerve thigh at the hip joint
pubis medial supracondylar • Hamstring part: • Hamstring part:
• Hamstring part: line • Hamstring part: Tibial Nerve Extends the thigh at the
ischial tuberosity adductor tubercle of hip joint
femur

MUSCLES OF THE MEDIAL COMPARTMENT OF THE THIGH

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

Adducts and contributes

ADDUCTOR BREVIS Body of the pubis; Medial lip of linea Obturator Nerve to flexion of the thigh at
superior ramus of the aspera the hip joint
pubis

MUSCLES OF THE MEDIAL COMPARTMENT OF THE THIGH

 MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

Adducts and contributes

ADDUCTOR LONGUS Body of the pubis Medial lip of linea Obturator Nerve to flexion of the thigh at
aspera the hip joint

MUSCLES OF THE MEDIAL COMPARTMENT OF THE THIGH

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

Adduct, flex and

PECTINEUS Superior ramus of the Pectineal line Femoral Nerve medially rotates the
pubis thigh at the hip joint

MUSCLES OF THE MEDIAL COMPARTMENT OF THE THIGH

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

Laterally rotates the

OBTURATOR EXTERNUS Margins of obturator Trochanteric crest Obturator Nerve thigh at the hip joint
foramen
 MUSCLES OF THE ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT OF THE LEG

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

PERONEUS TERTIUS Inferior aspect of Dorsum of the base of Deep peroneal nerve Dorsiflexion and
anterior surface of the 5th MTT eversion of the foot
fibula

MUSCLES OF THE ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT OF THE LEG

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

Middle part of the

EXTENSOR HALLUCIS anterior surface of the Dorsal aspect of the Deep peroneal nerve Extends the big toe and
LONGUS fibula and interosseous base of the big toe dorsiflexes the foot
membrane (hallux)
 MUSCLES OF THE ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT OF THE LEG

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

Lateral condyle of tibia,

EXTENSOR DIGITORUM superior aspect of Middle and distal Deep peroneal nerve Extends the 2nd to 5th
LONGUS (EHL) medial surface of phalanges of 2nd to 5th toes and dorsiflexes the
fibula, and interosseous toes foot
membrane

MUSCLES OF THE ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT OF THE LEG

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

Lateral condyle of tibia, Middle and inferior

TIBIALIS ANTERIOR superior aspect of surfaces of medial(1st) Deep peroneal nerve Dorsiflexion and
lateral surface of tibia cuneiform and base of inversion of the foot
and interosseous 1st MTT
membrane

MUSCLES OF THE LATERAL COMPARTMENT OF THE LEG

 MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

Inferior aspect of the

PERONEUS BREVIS (PB) lateral surface of the of Tuberosity of the 5th Superficial Fibular Plantarflexion and
the fibula MTT Nerve eversion of the foot

MUSCLES OF THE LATERAL COMPARTMENT OF THE LEG

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

Lateral surface of the of Base of the 1st MTT

PERONEUS LONGUS (PL) the fibula and medial (1st) Superficial Fibular Plantarflexion and
cuneiform Nerve eversion of the foot

DEEP POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT OF THE LEG

 MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

Interosseus membrane, Tuberosity if the

TIBIALIS POSTERIOR posterior surface of the navicular, cuneiform, Tibial Nerve Plantarflexion and
(TP)) tibia and fibula cuboid and inversion of the foot
sustentaculum tali;
bases of 2nd -4th MTT

DEEP POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT OF THE LEG

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

Medial part of the Base of the 2nd -5th Flexion of the 2nd -5th
FLEXOR DIGITORUM posterior surface of the distal phalanges Tibial Nerve phalanges and
LONGUS (FDL) tibia just below the plantarflexion of the
soleal line foot

DEEP POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT OF THE LEG

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

Inferior 2/3 of the
posterior surface of the Base of the distal Flexion of the big toe
FLEXOR HALLUCIS fibula; interosseous phalanx of the big toe Tibial Nerve and plantarflexion of the
LONGUS (FHL) membrane (hallux) foot

DEEP POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT OF THE LEG

 MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

Lateral condyle of the Posterior surface of the Flexion of the knee,

POPLITEUS femur, lateral meniscus tibia, above the soleal Tibial Nerve medial rotation of the
line leg

SUPERFICIAL POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT OF THE LEG

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

Posterior surface of the Posterior surface of the Plantarflexes the foot in

SOLEUS head and neck of the calcaneus via the Tibial Nerve a flexed or extended
fibula; soleal line calcaneal tendon knee

SUPERFICIAL POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT OF THE LEG

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

Lateral supracondylar Posterior surface of the Assist the gastrocs in

PLANTARIS ridge of the femur calcaneus via the Tibial Nerve plantarflexion of the
calcaneal tendon foot

SUPERFICIAL POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT OF THE LEG

 MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

• Lateral Head: lateral Posterior surface of the Plantarflexion of the

GASTROCNEMIUS condyle of the femur calcaneus via the Tibial Nerve foot when knee is
• Medial Head: calcaneal tendon extended; flexion of the
popliteal surface of the leg
femur; above the
medial condyle of the
femur

INTRINSIC MUSCLES OF THE DORSUM OF THE FOOT

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

EXTENSOR DIGITORUM Calcaneus 2nd -4th proximal Deep Fibular Nerve Assists in extension of
BREVIS phalanges the 2nd -4th toes

INTRINSIC MUSCLES OF THE DORSUM OF THE FOOT

 MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

EXTENSOR HALLUCIS Calcaneus Dorsal aspect of base of Deep Fibular Nerve Assists in extension of
BREVIS proximal phalanx of big the big toe
toe

PLANTAR SURFACE OF THE FOOT (4TH LAYER DEEPEST)

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

4TH LAYER: DORSAL Sides of shafts of 1st to • 1st: medial side of Lateral Plantar Nerve Abduction of 2nd to 4th
INTEROSSEI 5th MTT proximal phalanx of digits
2nd digit
• 2nd -4th: lateral sides
of 2nd to 4th digits

PLANTAR SURFACE OF THE FOOT (4TH LAYER DEEPEST)

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

4TH LAYER: PLANTAR Plantar aspect of medial Medial side of bases of Lateral Plantar Nerve Adduction of 3rd to 5th
INTEROSSEI sides of shafts of 3rd to proximal phalanges of digits
5th MTT 3rd to 5th digits

PLANTAR SURFACE OF THE FOOT (3RD LAYER)

 MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

3RD LAYER: FLEXOR Base of 5th MTT Base of proximal Lateral Plantar Nerve Flexion of 5th digit
DIGITI MINIMI BREVIS phalanx of 5th digit

PLANTAR SURFACE OF THE FOOT (3RD LAYER)

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

3RD LAYER: ADDUCTOR • Oblique head: base of Lateral side of base of Lateral Plantar Nerve Adduct the big toe
HALLUCIS 2nd -4th MTT, cuboid, proximal phalanx of big
3rd cuneiform toe
• Transverse Head:
plantar ligaments of
MTT jts

PLANTAR SURFACE OF THE FOOT (3RD LAYER)

 MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

3RD LAYER: FLEXOR Cuboid, 2nd and 3rd Both sides of base of Lateral Plantar Nerve Flexion of proximal
HALLUSIC BREVIS cuneiform proximal phalanx of big phalanx of the big toe
toe

PLANTAR SURFACE OF THE FOOT (2ND LAYER)

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

2ND LAYER; QUADRATUS Calcaneus Tendon of Flexor Lateral Plantar Nerve Assist in flexion of the
PLANTAE Digitorum Profundus 2nd to 5th digits

PLANTAR SURFACE OF THE FOOT (2ND LAYER)

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

2ND LAYER; LUMBRICALS Tendon of Flexor Medial side of • 2nd Lumbrical: (2nd -5th digits)
Digitorum Profundus expansion over the 2nd Medial Plantar Nerve • Flex the proximal
-5th digits • 3rd -5th Lumbricals: phalanx
Lateral Plantar Nerve • Extend the middle and
distal phalanx

PLANTAR SURFACE OF THE FOOT (1ST LAYER)

 MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

1ST LAYER: ABDUCTOR Calcaneus Lateral side of base of Lateral Plantar Nerve Abduction and flexion
DIGITI MINIMI proximal phalanx of 5th of 5th digit
digit

PLANTAR SURFACE OF THE FOOT (1ST LAYER)

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

1ST LAYER: ABDUCTOR Calcaneus Medial side of base of Medial Plantar Nerve Abduction and flexion
DIGITI MINIMI the proximal phalanx of of the big toe
the 1s

PLANTAR SURFACE OF THE FOOT (1ST LAYER)

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

1ST LAYER: FLEXOR Calcaneus Both side of the middle Medial Plantar Nerve Flexion of 2nd to 5th
DIGITORUM BREVIS phalanx of 2nd to 5th digits
digits