CONFIDENTIAL EM/DEC 2019/KJM442/386

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA

FINAL EXAMINATION

COURSE HEAT AND FLUID

COURSE CODE KJM442/386

EXAMINATION DECEMBER 2019

TIME 3 HOURS

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

1. This question paper consists of five (5) questions.

2. Answer ALL questions in the Answer Booklet. Start each answer on a new page.

3. Do not bring any material into the examination room unless permission is given by the
invigilator.

4. Please check to make sure that this examination pack consists of:

i) the Question Paper

ii) an Answer Booklet - provided by the Faculty
iii) a Property Tables Booklet - provided by the Faculty
iv) a three - page Appendix

5. Answer ALL questions in English.

DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO

This examination paper consists of 5 printed pages

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CONFIDENTIAL EM/DEC 2019/KJM442/386

QUESTION 1

a) Explain the thermal conductivity of a material and the factor that effect the thermal
conductivity value?

[C01/P01/C2] (5 marks)

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(a) (b)

Figure Q1 (A) Figure Q1(B)

b) A wall of dimension 6 m wide and 3 m high is constructed of clay brick (kbr;ck = 0.72
W/m°C) of thickness 20 cm, a layer of plaster (kp = 0.18 W/m°C) of thickness 1 cm and
outside layer of cement (kc = 1.0 W/m°C) of thickness 2 cm. The inner surface of the
wall Ti is maintained at 25 °C while outer surface is exposed to air at 0°C, with a
convection heat transfer coefficient of 18 W/m2oC as shown in Figure Q1(A).

i) Sketch a thermal resistance network through the wall.

ii) Determine the rate of heat transfer through the wall (W).

iii) In order to reduce heat loss by 80%, an insulation foam (kf0am = 0.01 W/m°C), of
the same dimension is to be place in between brick clay and cement, as shown
in Figure Q1(B). Determine the required thickness x, of insulation foam in meter.

[C03/P02/C4] (15 marks)

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QUESTION 2

a) With the aid of p-v diagram, explain the processes of an actual four stroke compression
ignition engine.

[C01/P01/C2] (5 marks)

b) An ideal spark ignition engine working has a compression ratio of 9. At the beginning of
the compression process, air is at 100 kPa and 27°C and 600 kJ/kg of heat is
transferred to air during the heat addition process. Using the cold-air-standard
assumptions with constant specific heats, determine:

i) Sketch the P-v diagram of the cycle.

ii) the maximum temperature,
iii) the net work output,
iv) the thermal efficiency, and
v) the mean effective pressure for the cycle.

[C02/P01/C3) (15 marks)

QUESTION 3

a) List four (4) advantages of gas turbine engine compared to reciprocating engine.

[C01/P01/C2] (5 marks)

b) A regenerative gas turbine engine operates between the minimum and maximum
temperatures of 300 K and 1200 K, respectively. The pressure ratio throughout the
cycle is 8 and both the compressor and turbine have an isentropic efficiency of 85
percent. The air has a mass flow rate of 100 kg/s and leaves the regenerator at a
temperature of 700 K.

Sketch the T-s diagram for the cycle and then determine:

i) the back work ratio,

ii) the cycle thermal efficiency, and
iii) the effectiveness of the regenerator.

Assume air is an ideal gas with constant specific heats.

[C03/P02/C4] (15 marks)

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QUESTION 4

a) List four (4) differences between ideal and actual vapor compression refrigeration cycle

[C01/P01/C2] (5 marks)

b) A refrigeration cycle with a cooling capacity of 3 kW operates between a pressure of

100 kPa and 1200 kPa. Refrigerant-134a enters the compressor as saturated vapor and
leaves the condenser as saturated liquid. The isentropic efficiency of the compressor is
80 percent.

Sketch the T-s diagram for the cycle and then determine:

i) the mass flow rate of the refrigerant (kg/s),

ii) the power input to the compressor (kW),
iii) the COP of the refrigeration cycle, and
iv) the temperature of refrigerant at compressor's exit (°C).

[C02/P01/C3] (15 marks)

QUESTION 5

a) Describe the type of losses in a piping system. Provide examples how to reduce the
losses in your explanation.

[C01/P01/C2] (10 marks)

b) The water needs of a small farm are to be met by pumping water from a well that can
supply water continuously at a rate of V = 5 L/s. The water level in the well is
hi = 10 m below the ground level, and water is to be pumped to a large tank on a hill,
which is h2= 40 m above the ground level of the well, using internal diameter
D = 10 cm plastic pipes. The required length of piping is measured to be L = 400 m,
and the total minor loss coefficient due to the use of elbows, vanes, etc. is estimated to
be Kl = 12. Taking the efficiency of the pump to be r|Pump = 75%, determine the rated
power of the pump that needs to be purchased, in kW.

The density and viscosity of water at anticipated operation conditions are taken to be
p = 1000 kg/m3 and u = 0.00131 kg/m.s, respectively, while friction factor in the pipe
is to be f= 0.021025.

[C02/P01/C3] (10 marks)

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CONFIDENTIAL EM/DEC 2019/KJM442/386

.2.
L = 400 m Tank
D = 10 cm

V = 5 L/s
KL = 12
h2 = 40 m

' jnHiTwuniii

h^lOm £ i Hpump " 75%

SS Well SS

Figure Q5(b)

END OF QUESTION PAPER

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CONFIDENTIAL APPENDIX 1 EM/DEC 2019/KJM442/386

LIST OF FORMULA

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Qcond. —~ ~rfZ
a0„v=hA(Ts-Tf)

W
''net
MEP =
Vmax -Vmm
•

_wnel
VtH

Ah = CpAT
Au •= CVAT
1
— -I
'Ith.otto A rfc-i

Vth,carnot — •*• rp
1H
1
Vth.brayton ~" x rc*-i)/fc
V

1 r*- 1
Vth.diesel = 1 " rfe_1 fe(rc -
"I)
PV =-mRT

w
comp
BWR
W
exp

£ _
"regen, act
regen

"regen, max

_ Mass o/" vapor in air _mv _ CoP

Mass of in saturated air mg (0.622 + G))P
_ Mass of water vapor in air _mv _ Q622$Pg
Mass of dry air ma P —(f>Pg

i Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA CONFIDENTIAL

 CONFIDENTIAL APPENDIX 2 EM/DEC 2019/KJM442/386

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© Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA CONFIDENTIAL

CONFIDENTIAL APPENDIX 3 EM/DEC 2019/KJM442/386

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© Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA CONFIDENTIAL