yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm;

*sL;

pm&dkufwifqufol vrif; (LinHtet Forum)

Editing & PDF vrif; (LinHtet Forum)

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

(u)

a&SUwnfhwnfhwGif urf;yg;NywfBuD;ESihf atmufbufrSm NrpfNyif

Mu,fBuD;udk NAKef;ceJ NrifawGUvdkuf&aomtcg uqkefpdkif;vmaom
Nrif;onf uRefawmf ZufBudK;qGJxdef;p&mrvdkbJ wkefUceJ&yfoGm;\/
uRefawmf ZufBudK;udk vufrSmudkifxm;vsufu Nrif;ay:rSckef
qif;vdkufonhftcg pdwfaNyao;[ef rwlonfhNrif;u wpfcsuf[D
vdkufonf/ uRefawmf NyHK;vsufwpfcsuf csvdkufrdum Nrif;\vnfqH
arG;rsm;udk cyfzGzG yGwfoyfacsmharmhvdkufygonf/ Nrif;\udk,fcE¨mu
tvdkrusovdk qwfceJwkefoGm;ao;aomfvnf; wNznf;Nznf; aysmh
aysmif; NidrfoufoGm;onf/
]]armfawmf rrDrSmpdk;vdkUyg rdk;euf&,f .... aemf}}
Nrif;\ em;em;rSmuyfí wdk;wkd;uav; acsmhvdkufonfhtcg Nrif;
u oufNyif;wpfcsuf rIwfxkwfum auseyfoGm;onf/ uRefawmf olU

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

udk wpfcsufzGzGykwfvdkufNyD;rS ZufBudK;udk rSefaxmifay:okdU ypfwif

xm;vdkufNyD; Nrif;vSnf;teD;rS xGufcGmcJhonf/ teD;tem;rSm armf
awmfBudK Nrif;vSnf;rsm; ae&mcyfusJusJü awGUae&NyD/armfawmfqdkuf
&ef tcsdefeD;NyD;[k xif\/ Nrif;vSnf;orm;rsm; [kdwpfpk onfwpfpk
xdkifolkxdif? rwfwwf&yfol&yfNzifh pum;aNymqkd &,farmaeMuonf/
uRefawmfhudk EIwfqufrnfhol wpfa,mufrQr&Sd/ wu,fawmh olwdkU
xJrS wpfa,mufudkrQ uRefawmfuvnf; rodyg/ uRefawmfonf ol
wdkUtwGuf olpdrf;wpfa,mufomNzpfonf/ tif;av ... wu,fwrf;
aNym&rnfqkdvQifawmh uRefawmfonf ukef;apmif;NrdKUuav;twGuf
vnf; olpdrf;oufoufom NzpfcJhygonf/
uRefawmfonf Nrif;vSnf;rsm;ESihfa0;&m NrpfNyifESihfeD;&murf;yg;
apmuf\ tpGeftzsm;txd Nznf;Nznf; vrf;avQmufvmcJhonf/
rsufpdwpfqHk; us,fNyefUvSaom {&m0wDNrpfNyifBuD;onf vdIif;
av uif;pifíNidrfoufpGm ysHUysL;ae\/ ta&SUbufurf;yg;qDrSm rIef
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avSBuD;rsm; Nznf;nif;pGm a&GUvsm;aeMuonf/ NrpfNyifqDrSNzwf
oef;vmaom eHeufcif;avonf vef;qwfat;Nrum csdKNrdefv\ S /
uRefawmfavudk tm;&yg;& &I&dIufvkdufonf/
uRefawmf udk;ESpfom;t&G,frSm uRefawmfhb0ü tcspfcif
twG,f wm&qHk;t&mrSm {&m0wDNrpf Nzpfonf/
uRefawmhftouf 16 ESpfom;t&G,frSmusawmh uRefawmhb0ü
tNrwfedk;qHk;vlrSm rr tdrfpdk;ar Nzpfonf/
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

,cktcsdefrSm uRefawmhfb0ü twG,fwmqHk;? tvdktyfqHk;t&m

bmvJ[k ar;vmvQif uRefawmf taNz&cufygvdrhfrnf/ uRefawmf
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wmwkef;[kar;vQif r[kwfyg[k &dk;om;pGmaNzrdrnf/ ,cktcg {&m0
wD r&Sdaomae&mrSm oGm;a&muftouf&Sif&rnfqkdvQifvnf; tenf;
i,fvGrf;qGwfpGm emcHrdrnf/ uav;b0wkef;uvdk a[monf{&m
0wDNrpfBuD; wpfckvHk; igwpfa,mufwnf; ydkifcsifvkdufwm ....[l
onfh remvdk 0efwkdpdwfrsdK;Nzihf avmbwBuD; pGJvrf;wG,fwmrdo
avmuf ,cktcg rwG,fwmrdawmh trSefyJNzpfonf/ 'gNzihf avSawG
vm; ... armfawmfawGvm; .../ uRefawmf cspfonfht&mrSm armfawmf
awGNzpfonf ...[laom rSm;,Gif;onfhaumufcsufrsdK;Nzihf armfawmf
wpfpif; ydkifqkdifzkdU ESpfaygif; ESpfq,feD;yg; BudK;pm;&kef;uefcJh&\/
,ckawmh uRefawmhfrSm armfawmfoHk;pif; ydkifqkdifvsuf &SdNyD/uRefawmf
aysmf&TifcJhygovm;/ trSeftwdkif; aNz&vQif uRefawmf raysmfyg/
uRefawmf wG,fwmonf[kxif&aom t&mawGxJrSm tdrfqkd
onfht&m rygcJhzl;onfrkdU uRefawmhfrSm ,cktcsdeftxd tdrfqkdwm
r&SdcJh/ rr tdrfpkd;ar Nrwfedk;onhf pyg;cif;v,fuGufrsm;udk uRef
awmf rcspfcJh/ rr tdrfpkd;ar cspfonfh t,l0g'wpfckudk uRefawmf
rcspfchJ/ bmudkrS uRefawmf rrufarmcJh/
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

rrtdrfpdk;aru rsufarSmif rcsDwcsDNzihf rJhrJhav;NyHK;um uRefawmhf

udk ar;cJhzl;onf/ uRefawmfu rrtdrfpdk;ar\ qHyifrsm;uav;udk
qkyfaxG;um erf;&dIufvsuf ....
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rrtwGufav ...}} [k wrf;ruf,pfrl;pGm aNzcJhzl;ygonf/
tJ'DtaNz[m trSefyJvm;/ [kdwkef;uawmh uRefawmfonf ,Hk
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NzpfcJh&NyD/ þtaNzukd NyefawG;rdwkdif; rvHkrvJ &Suf&GHpGm rrudk
awmif;yef aMuuGJrdonf/
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rrudk,fpm; wpfpHkwpfa,mufu ar;vmrSmudk uRefawmfaMumuf
onf/ uRefawmf aNz&rnhf rnfonfhtaNzurQ uRefawmhudk opöm&Sd
rSm r[kwfonfudk uRefawmf BudKodaeonf/ orD;eJUom;twGuf
touf&Sifaewmyg...qkdvQif tvGefvSyonfh taNzwpfckNzpfonfrSm
uRefawmfodom;yJ ... okdUaomf þokdUuRefawmf raNz&Jyg/ wpfpHk
wpfa,mufu [m;wdkuf&,farm avSmifaNymifvdkufrSm pdk;&drfrd
aomaMumihfNzpfonf/
uRefawmfhaNczsm;atmufu urf;yg;pGef;uav;onf &kwfw&uf
yJha<uum aNrpkdif aNrcJrsm; atmufbufNrpfNyifokdU zGmceJusqif;oGm;
\/ xdk aNrpdkifaNrcJuav;rsm; ae&mwGif uRefawmfa&mufoGm;rnfqkd
vQifvnf; odyfawmh 0rf;enf;p&maumif;rSm r[kwfyg/ avmurSm
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

uRefawmfhudk vkdtyfonfhvl rnfolrQ&Sdraewm uRefawmf odxm;ESihf

onf/ udk,hfudkvdktyfwG,fwmonhfvlom; r&Sd? udk,fu vdktyfwG,f
wmonhfvlom; r&Sd ... b,favmuf&kd;pif;NyD; NiD;aiGUp&maumif;
vdkufygovJ/
uRefawmfu vdktyfwG,fwmonhfvlom; r&Sd[k aNymvkdufvQif
vnf; orD;ESihfom;uawmh 0rf;enf;rdrnf r[kwf? uRefawmfuom
0rf;enf;&rnfNzpfonf/ orD;udka&m? om;ukda&m uRefawmfrvdktyf
ygbl;? rNidwG,fygbl; ... [laom todpdwf"mwf uRefawmhfqDrSmpGJ
xifrSwfrdoGm;apzdkU uRefawmf ESpfaygif;rsm;pGm a&&GwfusufrSwfcJh&yg
onf/
uRefawmhfem;xJwGif tNrJ &if;eSD;aeus toHwpfck cyfa0;a0;qD
rS a&mufvmonfh avxkxJrS ryDro ygvmonf/ armfawmfpufoH/
uRefawmhfem;rsm;onf Nrpfa&pD;oH? a&vdIif;ykwfoH? avSmfwufoH?
&Gufudkavkwdk;oH ponhf toHoJhoJhrsm;udkyif cyfvSrf;vSrf;rS cGJNcm;
Mum;EkdifpGrf; &SdonfNzpf&m ,ckvdkarmfawmfpufoHrsdK;udkawmh ta0;
rSmuwnf;u Mum;odcGJNcm;Edkifygonf/ armfawmfonf rNrif&ao;
onfh awmifbufurf;yg;auGU\ [dkwpfzufrSmom&SdOD;rnf/odkUaomf
olUtoHudk Muma;e&NyD/
þarmfawmfNzihf orD;eSihfom; ygvmrnf/
,aeUygeSihfqdkvQif orD;eSihfom;udk uRefawmf oHudkif;armfawmf
qdyfrSm vmMudK&wm oHk;&uf&SdNyD/ yxraeUuawmh orD;eSihfom;xHrS
bmowif;rQyif rygvmcJh/ arara':aiGtdrf (rr tdrfpdk;ar\rdcif
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

udk uRefawmf arar[kyifac:ygonf)\arQmfvihfcsufuav;udk NrJNrJ

ckdifrm aocsmrnfh pum;av;wpfcGef;aomfrS uRefawmf raNymekdifcJh/
raeUuawmh wef;pDNyD;qif;vmonfh c&D;onfrsm;udk arQmfvihfwBuD;
apmihfaepOf c&D;onfwpfOD;u uRefawmfhemrnfudk vSrf;atmfpHkprf;NyD;
orD;wkdU aemufwpfaeUvmrnfhtaMumif; owif;ay;onf/ arar
a':aiGtdrf\ arQmfvihfaomrsufeSmrSm NyHK;&TifoGm;vdrhfrnf[laom
tawG;Nzihf uRefawmf pdwfoufom&m &oGm;cJhygonf/
,aeUawmh orD;eSihfom; a&mufvmawmhrnf/ orD;eSihfom;udk
uRefawmf Nrif&awmhrnf/ eSpfawmfawmfMumMum uGJuGmaeaom om;
tzwkdU\ awGUqHkcef;onf Munfel;om,mrIrS &Sdyghrvm;/ aMuuGJp
&mawGrsm; Nzpfaervm;/ ukef;apmif;odkU uRefawmfa&mufuwnf;u
ararhqE´Nzihf &efukefodkU oHBudK;&dkufNyD;uwnf;u þaeUudk &ifckef
pGm uRefawmfapmihfcJh&onf/
uRefawmfwkdUom;tz oHk;a,muf pawGUawGUcsif; b,fvdk
cHpm;Mu&avrvJ/ b,folu uRefawmfeSihfwlNyD; b,folu rrtdrf
pkd;arESihf wlrSmvJ/ okdUr[kwf uRefawmfeSihf b,folrS rwlbJaer
vm;/ Nrpfurf;yg; armfawmfqdyfrSm &yfxm;onhf Nrif;vSnf;awG?
Nrif;vSnf;armif;orm; awGxJrSm olwkdUESpfa,muf uRefawmfhudk &Sm
wwfyghrvm;/ uRefawmfh udk NrifNrifcsif; taz[k rSwfrdyghrvm;/
&kyf&SifawGxJuvdk om;tz awG wpfa,mufudkwpfa,muf ayGUzuf
idka<u;rdMurSmvm;/

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

vGefcJhaom q,feSpfu&kdufxm;onfh orD;ESihfom;\"mwfyHk

uRefawmfhqDrSm &Sdonf/ vGefcJhonfh 3ESpfurS &dkufxm;aom orD;ESihf
om;\"mwfyHkawGvnf; arara':aiGtdrfhxHrSm &Sdonf/
]]rif; orD;eJUrif;om;udk rif;rSwfrdrSmyg}} [k araru tNyK;,Jh
,JhESihf aNym\/
wu,fawmh þ"mwfyHkawG r&SdvQifawmif orD;ESihfom;ukd uRef
awmf rrSwfrdp&m r&Sdyg/ &ifaoG;rsm;udk wpfMudrfwpfcgawGUzl;xm;
aom zcifwpfa,mufonf aemufydkif; b,favmufumvMumNrifh
onfNzpfap? b,ft&G,fa&mufaeonfNzpfap? rdrduav;rsm;udk csuf
csif;rSwfrdae&rnf Nzpfonf/ bm"mwfyHkrSrvdk/ zcif\ESvHk;om;wGif
orD;eSihfom;\ &kyfyHkvTmrsm; pGJxifNidvsuf aeawmhrnf/ tvGefao
csmygonf/
armfawmfay:rSm vlb,fESpfa,mufygvmrSmrkdUvJ/ vlb,fESpf
a,mufxJuae orD;wdkUudk cGJNcm;a&G;cs,f,l&rSmrdkUvJ/ vlaygif; oHk;
av;q,favmufrSmrl &efukef txufwef;vTm vli,fuav;ESpfOD;
\ 0wfpm;qif,ifrI trlt&mudk b,favmuf cufcufcJcJ cGJNcm;&
rSmrkdUvJ/ olwkdUav;awG\ rsufvHk;eSihftNyHK;rsm;vdk &Tifvef;awmufy
onhftNyHK;rsdK; b,fuav;awGxHrSm qifwlawGUEdkifrSmrkdUvJ/ olwkdU
udkawmh uRefawmf csufcsif;odrSmyg/ olwkdUu uRefawmfhudk odyghr
vm;/ uRefawmf 0rf;enf;tm;i,fpGm NyHK;vdkufrdonf/

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

armfawmfudkNrif&NyD; armfawmfqdyfrSvlrsm; &kwf&kwfoJoJ Nzpfvm

onf/ pdrf;Nyma&mif aq;okwfxm;onfh armfawmfonf OD;cRefcRef
&Snfvsm;um yJhydkif; enf;enf;wdkNywf\/ vdIif;rsm;udk cGJvsuf þ
bufurf;yg;qDodkUOD;wnfum aNy;vmaeaomarmfawmfonf eD;vm
aomtcg pufoH &kwfw&uf&yfoGm;onf/ armfawmfonf wNznf;
Nznf;csif; urf;qDodkU eD;uyfvm\/ armfawmfay:rSm tdwfrsm;? xef;
vsufydkrsm;? xif;&I;aowÅmrsm; ... ponfNzihf 0efpnfpvS,frsm;udk
xr;fydk;o,faqmifzdkUNyifqifaeMuonf/ armfawmfESihf urf;uyfrd
aomtcg armfawmfay:rS tvkyform;wpfa,muf urf;bufodkU
vTm;ceJ ckefwufvdkufNyD; ukef;abmifysOfNym;udkqGJ,lum wHwm;xdk;
ay;vdku\ f / wpfcsyfwnf;aom ysOfNym;ay:rSyif c&D;onfrsm;
wkd;a0SUumwufvmMuonf/ tm;vHk; tvsifvdkaeMu[ef&Sdonf/
wcsdKUu ukef;apmif;rSmc&D;qHk;ayr,hf wcsdKUu [dkbufqufcsifquf
&rnf/ zvHawmoGm;&rnfhol ygcsifygrnf/ &Gmckdif odkUr[kwf a&Smuf
awmtxd oGm;&rnhfolawG ygcsifygrnf/
a[m[dkrSm ...? tJ'g ... uRefawmfhom;yJ r[kwfvm;/
uRefawmh&ifxJrSm 'dwfceJ wkef&DvIyf&Sm;um urf;yg;pGef;rSmNrJNrH
pGm &yfvsuf ai;Munhfaerdawmhonf/ q,hfaNcmufESpft&G,fqkdawmh
om;udk onfrQt&G,fa&mufaeNyDrxifcJh/ tupm;rufaom uav;
i,fav;tNzpfrS ,ckvdk vlysdKayguft&G,f om;tNzpf NAKef;ceJNyef
awGU&onfhtcg zcifrsm; b,fvdkcHpm;&rvJ/ uRefawmfuawmh om;
\eDndka&mifqHyifaysmhuav;rsm;udk ,ckyif qGJzGoyfum om;udkzuf
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

ayGUaNrSmufcsD upm;vdkvSygNyD/ om;onf Nrif;vSnf;rsm;qDodkU wpf

csufa0h0J tuJcwf&if; armfawfmay:rS ysOfcsyfay:okdU ayghyg;pGmvSrf;
ul;vdkufonf/
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om;\udk,fvHk;uspfuspfuav;rSm t&yf&SnfvSoNzihf EGJUudkif;ae[ef
&Sdonf/ om;\rsufeSmuawmh vGefcJhonfhESpfaygif;ESpfq,fausmfu
uRefawmhfrsufeSmESm/ ar;&dk;ckdifckdif rxlryg;rsufcHk; ... vHk;0ef;NyD;
ta&Nym;yg;vsaom atmufEIwfcrf;? ndkvJhMunfpifaomrsuf0ef;
vsm;vsm;...../ om; ..... tJ'g uRefawmfhom; ...../
om;onf ysOfcsyfay: a&mufonfhtcg ausmydk;tdwfudk ae&m
NyifvG,fvsuf aemufbufodkUvSnfhum vufwpfzuf ur;fay;vdkuf
\/ om;urf;vkdufaomvufudk qGJ,lvdkufonfh NzLekaom vufu
av;udk tvsif uRefawmfNrif&onf/ xkdrSwpfqihf armfawmfpGef;&Sd
aowÅmtxrf;orm;wpfa,mufab;rS xdk;xGufvkdufaom ... orD;
av;/ rnf;eufaNzmifhpif;um &Snfvsm;onfhqHyifrsm;aMumifh iHkae
aomorD;\rsufeSmwpfNcrf;rSm aysmufuG,fae\/ uRefawmfNrif&o
rQrSm vHk;cRefaomESmacgif;uav;ESihf aumhysHrnf;eufaomrsufawmif
wkdUomNzpfonf/ okdUaomf .... 'gorD;aygh... rrtdrfpdk;ar\ rsuf
awmifawGudk orD;xHrSm uRefawmf NyefawGUvdkuf&NyD/ rsuf&nfrsm;
aMumihf uRefawmhfNrifuGif;rS orD;ESihfom; yHkoPmefrsm; a00g;oGm;
onfrSm cPav;omMumygonf/ uRefawmfheSvHk;rS wkefcgvIyfcwfrI
uawmh rdepfaygif;rsm;pGmyif MumvSonf/
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

om;u vufwGJNyD; ur;fyg;ay:odkU orD;a&mufvmaomtcg

vltkyfMum; Nrif;vSnf;tkyfMum;rSm olwkdU [dk[dkonfonf rsufvHk;a0h
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wpfckck wkd;wkd;aNymvsuf toHxGuf&,farmvdkufMuonf/ uRefawmf
onf cyfvSrf;vSrf; urf;yg;pGef;rSm ayuwf &yfvsuf orD;wkdUudk
tm;i,fpGmapmihfMunhfaerd\/ uRefawmf olwkdUtem;uyfoGm;rSawmh
azazvmMudKrnf[laom uRefawmfhpmt& uRefawmfyJ .... [k rSef;q
odoGm;MuawmhrSmyg/ uRefawmf olwkdUtem; roGm;vQifaum/
om;onf ausmydk;tdwfukd vG,fxm;vduf orD;\c&D;aqmif
tdwftao;udkyg orD;xHrSawmif;,lvdkufNyD; Nrif;vSnf;orm;rsm;udk
wpfa,mufcsif; tuJcwf &SmazGvsuf wpfvSr;fcsif;avQmufoGm;
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ol wpfa,mufrQrawGU[efNzihf ycHk;wGefUvdkufum [dk[dkonfonf
xyfrH&SmazGMunhfNyef\/ xkdUaemuf om;\tMunhfonf [dkbuf
urf;pGef;bufrSm wpfa,mufwnf; &yfusefaecJhonfh uRefawmfhxH
a&mufvmonf/
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wnf; vIyfcwfaeaom uRefawmhf&ifonf &kwfw&uf vdIuf[moGm;
NyD;aemuf NidrfoufoGm;awmhonf/
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avsmum awmufyoGm;\/ om; .../ om;u uRefawmfhudk odoGm;NyD
aygh/ uREfawmfhom;u uRefawmfhudkodoGm;NyD/
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

]]rr ....}}
om;onf orD;ycHk;udk wpfcsufykwfvsuf uRefawmf&Sd&mokdU csdef
qaomaNcvSrf;rsm;Nzifh cyfrSefrSefavQmufvmonf/ uRefawmfha&SUwGif
uRefawmfonf wu,hfa,muFsm;wpfa,mufudk awGUae&ygvm;/
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uRefawmfonf om;uEIwfqufvdkufonfhtcg &kwfw&uf eSpf
odrfhauseyfvGef;aomaMumihf om;tm; NyHK;NyzdkU arhoGm;onf/
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om;onf uRefawmfhudk wtHhwMoNyHK;vsuf uRefawmfhvuf
armif;wpfzufudk qkyfuydkif zspfnSpfvdku\
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av;Nzihfom om;\aemufuG,frSm cyfuG,fuG,f &yfaeavonf/
]]aumif;vSw,fawmhr[kwb
f l;aygh om;&,f....? ay;ay; om;
wkdUtdwfawG....}}
azazo,fcJhr,f[laom pum;udk aNymrnfMuH&G,fvsuf &kwfw
&uf yg;pyfrSrxGuf&JbJ &Sd;wkd;&SefUwefUNzpfum &yfypfvdkuf&\/
]]&w,f azaz .... uRefawmfekdifygw,f}}

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

om;onf uRefawmfhtm; &if;eSD;pGm aNcqHk;acgif;qHk;Munhf\/

om;xHrS onfrQ&if;eSD;cspfcifrIudk&rnf[k rarQmfvifh&JaomaMumifh
,ckvdk om;\wG,fwmrIudk&vdkufaomtcg uRefawmf idkcsifpGmyif
aysmf&TifoGm;rdygonf/
]]Munhfprf; ... azazhyHkpHu tysHpm;yJAsm? uRefawmfu ...'gxuf
azaz toufBuD;&ifhaer,f xifcJhwm? [m; ... azazu odyfrdwmyJ
aemf .... rr}}
orD;u uRefawmhfudk rsufvTmyifhMunhfí NyHK;um acgif;ndwf
onf/
om;eSihforD;xkdifzdkU arGU&mcif;xlxludk Nrif;vSnf;ay:rSmcif;í
tay:rS csnfapmifwpfxnfudk acgufcif;xm;ygonf/ ukef;apmif;
ESihfoHudkif;tMum;u vrf;onf vrf;cif;onfhausmufwHk;BuD;rsm;yif
tpDt&Day:aeavmufatmif a[mif;EGrf;NyD; csdKifhcGufrsm; rsm;Nym;pGm
tdka[mif;aeonfhvr;fNzpfaomaMumihf Nrif;vSnf;eSihf c&D;oGm;&wm
tvGefMurf;wrf;vSonf/ ausmufwHk;rsm;ay:rS bD;Nzwfeif;wkdif;
Nrif;vSnf;tdrfonf vIyfcgaqmifh,rf;vsuf xkdif&onfhc&D;onfrSm
udk,fcE¨mtqpfawG NyKwfxGufoGm;NyD[kxif&rwwf emusifaponf/
orD;eSihfom;onf &efukefrSm ZdrfcHum;Nzihf nufanmpGm? acsmarGU pGm
c&D;oGm;olrsm; NzpfaomaMumifh þoHudkif;vrf;onf orD;wkdUt
wGuf aMumufp&maumif;aerSm aocsmonf/ vrf;tay: wwfekdifo
rQ rNidKNiifapvdk/ 'ghxuf oufomonfh ,mOfwpfckck pDpOfray;Ekdif
aumi;fvm;[k uRefawmhftay: pdwfrckapvdk/ 'gaMumihfvnf; orD;
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

wkdU txkdif& oufomatmif arGU&mxlxludk eSpfacgufacgufícif;ay;

xm;&Ncif;Nzpfygonf/
'gawmifrS Nrif;vSnf;wpfcsufaqmifhvkdufwkdif; orD;\ tmar
#dwfoH trsdK;rsdK;udk uRefawmfMum;&onf/ a&SUrSmuRefawmfESifhtwl
xdkifvsuf vdkufygvmaom om;uawmh Nrif;vSnf;aqmifhonfh'Pf
udk *&kxm;rd[ef r&/ rSefaxmiftay:u ZufwifaMu;ydkufwef;ukd
vufNzihf wif;wif;qkyfudkifvsuf tm;&yg;& aysmf&Tif &,farmvsuf
&Sdonf/
]][ Nrif;& .... csdKihfxJ wnfhwnfh qGJrcsprf;ygeJU[}}
uRefawmfu Nrif;udk rmefrJonfhtcg om;u uRefawmhfrsufeSm
udk NyHk;vsufMunhfaeNyD;rS Nrif;udk pum;aNymonf/
]]qGJcsvdkuf qGJcsvdkuf .... 'grS rrwpfa,muf ukodkvf&r,f?
bk&m;awGa&m odMum;awGa&m pHkvdkU/ r[kwf&if olu bk&m;udk
odyfowd&wm r[kwfbl;}}
om;\ Eke,fNzLpifaom yg;Nyifuav;rSm uRefawmhfyg;NyifeSihf
xduyfvkrwwf NzpfNzpfoGm;\/ om;xHrS oif;ysHUaom udk,feHUu
av;rSm [dkwkef;u &eHUav;vdkyif cspfpzG,f&Sdonf/ þvli,fuav;
\ yg;Nyifudk rdef;uav; b,fESpfa,muf erf;NyD;aeNyDvJ ....uRef
awmf rodekid f/
]]ukef;apmif;a&mufzdkU b,favmufvdkao;vJ[if}}

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

azaz... [laom tnTef;pum;vHk; xnhfaNymzdkU &Sufwufwuf

Nzpf[efwlaom orD;u csdKNrpGm ar;vm\/
]]rvkdawmhygbl; orD;&,f ..... tckyJ c&D;wpf0uf usdK;awmhrSm?
tm;vHk; 3rdkifavmuf a0;w,fav? tck wpfrkdifausmfausmf c&D;
aygufcJhNyD}}
vrf;ab;0J,mwGif xaemif;yifrsm;pDwef;vsuf&Sdonf/xaemif;
yifawG\ tvGefrSmawmh rSnfh0if;vsuf&Sdonfh pyg;ESHrsm;Nzihf vSy
aom v,fuGufrsm;..../ nGwfusaeonfh pyg;eSHrsm;onf avNzihfcyf
idkufidkuf ,drf;EGJUaeMuonf/
]]azaz .... uRefawmf 'DrSm Nrif;pD;vdkU&rSmayghaemf .../ uRefawmf
Nrif;pD;csifw,f? aumif;bdGKifum;awGxJuvdkav ....}}
uRefawmf toHxGufum &,farmrd\/
]]pD;csif&if pD;&rSmaygh? 'gayr,hf vlawG0dkif;&,f&if om; r&Suf
&bl;aemf}}
]]bmNzpfvkdU &,fMurSmvJ}}
]]'DrSm b,folrS 'kef;Nrif;rpD;MuvdkUayghu?G 'DrSm EGm;ausmif;&if
EGm;ausmif;om;awG Nrif;rpD;Mubl;/ aNcusif avQmufwmyJ/ Nrif;pm;
usufrSm Nrif;vSef&if Nrif;ausmif;&ifvJ ZufBudK;uaeqGJNyD; vrf;
avQmufausmif;wmyJuG/ wpfcgwpfavrS Nrif;udk tvGwfpD;wJhvlawG
awGU&wwfwm? tHrm .... tvGwfpD;awmh ukefESD;awmif rygbJ pD;csif
pD;wm}}
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

om;u uRefawmfhudk cyfqqMunhfonf/

]]azazuawmh Nrif;pD;wwfrSmayhgaemf}}
]]tif; ...}}
uRefawmfhudk Nrif;pD;oifay;olrSm rr tdrfpkd;ar Nzpfonf/ Nrif;
u cgcsypfvkdufoNzihf aNrBuD;ay: udkU&kdUum;&m; usoGm;onfhtcg
rru oabmuspGm rsufeSmarmhvSef &,farmcJhavonf/
]]'gayr,fh rif;araravmufawmh Nrif;udk ruGrf;ygbl;}}
xkdcPü uRefawmfonf om;ararukd tem;rSm&Sdapcsifpdwf
Nyif;NypGmNzihf wpfcP wdwfqdwfNidrfoufoGm;rdonf/
]]azaz .... [dka&SUu Nrif;vSnf;udkausmf&atmif? ausmfvdkufprf;
yg azaz&}}
uRefawmf NyHK;vsuf acgif;,rf;cgvdkufonf/
]]rNzpfbl;om; ... 'DNrif;udk udk,frydkifbl;? 'DNrif;u pdwfvJ
aumufwwfw,faemf? aemufNyD; 'DNrif; vSnf;rqGJwmawmfawmfMum
NyDeJUwlwmyJ/ om;wkdUzGm;zGm;u Nrif;vSnf;udk tdrfoHk;zdkUyJ odrf;xm;
wm? vSnf;qGJwm r[kwfbl;? ol [dkem;'Dem;oGm;p&m&Sd&if ab;tdrf
u pm&if;iSm;ukdNzpfNzpf? teD;tem;u Nrif;vSnf;orm;wpfa,muf
a,mufudkyJNzpfNzpf armif;ckdif;wm/ 'DNrif;uNzihf bmrS r,fr,f&&
tvkyfrvkyf&wmMumaygh}}
]][if azazu armif;ay;rSaygh}}
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

om;onf uRefawmfhtaMumif;udk b,favmufodxm;ekdifrvJ/

uRefawmfhtaMumif; vHk;0 odxm;cJhyHk r&yg/ uRefawmf ararhtdrfrSm
raeonfudk om;odxm;ESihfzkdUaumif;onf/ þtwdkif;qkdvQif om;
onf uRefawmhftaMumif; pdwf0ifwpm;rS ar;zl;&JUvm;? odkUr[kwf
om;\OD;av;u uRefawmhftaMumif;udk twwfekdifqHk; azsmufzsuf
xm;cJhvdkUvm;/
]]udk,fu ... tJ azazu zGm;zGm;qDrSm raebl;av om;...?azaz
u {&m0wDNrpfxJu armfawmfwpfpif;rSmyJ aewm/ NrpfudkyJtxuf
atmuf pkefqefoGm;aewm}}
]]aMomf ....}}
om;\ wtHhwMoidkifawGonfhtMunhfudk uRefawmf &ifrqkdif
EkdifpGm rsufESmvTJvdkufrd\/
om;wpfckckar;vdkufzdkU aumif;onf/ azaz bmNzpfvdkU armf
awmfay:rSmaewmvJ ...qkdonfh ar;cGef;rsdK; ...? odkUr[kwf azazbm
NzpfvdkU zGm;zGm;qDrSm raewmvJ ...qdkonfh ar;cGef;rsdK; ...? azazhrSm
nDtpfudk armifeSrawG r&Sdbl;vm; ...qkdaom ar;cGef;rsdK; ...?,kwfpG
qHk; azazaemufrdef;reJU aewmvm; ... [lonfh ar;cGef;udkyifNzpfap
om;ar;apcsifvSonf/ uRefawmf om;udk aNzcsifvSonfhtaNzawG
rsm;vGef;vdkUyg/ odkUaomf om;onf ar;cGef;wpfckudkrQ rar;cJhay/
olUaumufcsufwpfckudkom wkd;wdwfpGm zGihf[aNymcJh\/

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

]]'gaMumifh 'uf'DuaNymwm NzpfrSmaemf ... azaz[m avmurSm

b,folUudkrS rcspfcJhbl;wJh}}
xkdpum;aMumifhyif om;ESihfuRefawmhftMum;&Sd wHwkdif;BuD;rSm
xlxJNrifhrm;vGef;vSygvm;[k uRefawmf oabmayguf em;vnfoGm;
&ygawmhonf/

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

(c)

tdrfBuD;wpfckvHk; wdwfqdwfNidrfoufae\/ Nywif;aygufrsm;

tm;vHk; zGihfxm;aomaMumifh NcHaxmifhu {u&mZfyifBuD;qDrS yef;&eHU
arT;arT;onf tdrfxJodkU rMumcP 0ifa&mufarT;ysHUvQuf&Sdonf/orD;
ESihfom;onf olwkdUtzGm;\ tdyf&mab;wpfzuf wpfcsufwGif MuHKU
MuHKUxdkifvsuf &SdMuonf/
arara':aiGtdrfonf pum;rsm;rsm;raNymyg/ raNymekdifawmhwm
vnf; NzpfcsifNzpfrnf/ odkUr[kwf cspfvSpGmaom aNr;rsm;udk tm;&yg;
& MunhfNrifae&oNzihf pum;aNymzdkUrvdkawmhbl;[k auseyfESpfodrfh
aewmvn;f Nzpfekdifonf/
qefNyKwfyef;uefudk vifyef;xJ xnfho,f&if; tdrfay:xyfwuf
vmaomtcg uRefawmfhudk araru rsufvHk;zGihfMunhfonf/uRefawmf
aNceif;Murf;onf[k rrtdrfpdk;aruvnf; aNymzl;onf/ uRefawmf
onf þtdrfay:wufvQif ysOfcif;Murf;Nyif rvIyfcgatmif xdef;

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

odrf;aNceif;í r&bJNzpfae\/ ararhtdyf&mqDodkU twwfekdifqHk;

nifompGm aNczsm;axmufí avQmufvmcJh&onf/
]]arar ... qefNyKwfylylav; aomufvkduf&atmif? ig;&HUaNcmuf
rD;zkwfav;eJUav}}
pm;yGJ0dkif;tykav;ay:okdU vifAef;udkcsvdkufaomtcg orD;u
uRefawmfhqD avQmufvm\/ xkdUaemuf wdwfqdwfpGmNzihf vifAef;xJ
rS qefNyKwfyef;uefESifhig;aNcmufzkwfyef;uefudk pm;yGJay:tomcsay;
onf/ uREfawmfeSihfom;u ararhab; wpfzufwpfcsufrSm tomt
,m ayGUudkifí xlray;vdkufonf/
]]arar rqmygbl;}}
tm;enf;azsmhawmhonfhtoHonf wkd;wdwfvGef;oNzihf em;pdkuf
axmif&\/ a[mvpfeSihfrkdvdkbl;rsm; orD;wkdU0,fvmaomfvnf;
araru wpfcGufrQyif ukefatmif raomufekdifacs/ arahrtaMumif;
odNyD;aom uRefawmfu aumufBuD;qefukd enf;enf;avSmfNyD;rS el;td
aeatmif NyKwfay;cJhonf/ araronf qefNyKwfESifh ig;aMumfudkawmh
wpfyef;uefukefatmif BudK;pm;aomufEdkifavonf/
]]arar uRefawmfhvuf&mqefNyKwfudk raomuf&wm eSpfawG
renf;awmhbl; r[kwfvm;? araraNymawmh uRefawmfhvuf&mu
ararhorD;vuf&mxuf ydkaumif;w,fqkd ....}}
araru uRefawmhfvufrsm;udk qkyfnSpfí NyHK;&,fvdkufonf/

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

]]uJ .... uJ aomufyghr,f ... om;&,f}}

orD;wdkufaom qefNyKwfudk BudK;pm;aomufaeaom ararhtm;
uRefawmf ai;Munhfaerdonf/ araronf tvGefydefvSDvSonf/ ar
arhudk Munhf&onfrSm avmuwGif toufqufvuf&Sifoef&ef bm
arQmfvihfcsufrQ rusefawmhovdkyif Nzpfonf/ avmu uay;onfh
'ku©a0'emrsm;udk xyfrHcHpm;ekdifzdkU cGeftm;awG rusefawmhovdkyif
Nzpfonf/
]]om; ... rNyefeJUOD;aemf}}
tm;udk;wBuD; wm;Nrpfvdkufaom ararhrsuf0ef;rsm;wGif cGef
tm;awG ukefcef;aewm aocsmonf/ t&m&mudk vufaNrSmuft&IH;
ay;vdkufol\ rsufvHk;rsm;Nzpfonf/
]]rNyefao;ygbl; arar ....? arar rESifrcsif; uRefawmf aerSm
yg}}
araru rsufcHk;yifhí NyHk;Nyef\/
]]ararhudp0ö dpaö wG tm;vHk;NyD;wJhtcg...}}
xkdpum;udk araronf rsuf&nfwpfpufrS rusbJ
avoHtenf;i,frQ rwkef,ifbJ aNymEkdif avonf/
]]om; ... OD;Zif;ukda&m wefaqmif;a&pufcs w&m;emtwGuf
oGm;avQmufNyD;NyDvm;}}

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

]]roGm;&ao;bl; arar ...? araraeaumif;rS at;at; aq;

aq; ....}}
]][oFm...}}
ararhvufrsm;u uRefawmfhvufarmif;udk tiftm;csnfheJUpGm
zspfnSpfvm\/ arar uRefawmhudk pl;pl;&S&SMunhfvkdufonfhtcg
rsuf&nf0Jaeonfh uRefawmfhrsufvHk;rsm;udk arar NrifoGm;rSmaocsm
ygonf/ uRefawmfonf tenf;i,f&Suf&GHpGm acgif;iHkxm;vdkufrd\/
]]ararhrSm tcsdefr&Sdawmhbl;qkdwm om; wu,frodwmvm;?
'grSr[kwf rodcsifa,mif aqmifaewmvm;/ 'grSr[kwf ararhqE´
udk vdkufavsmay;zdkU om; tysif;BuD;aewmvm;/ 'grSr[kwfbkef;BuD;
wpfyg;udk 0wfcszdkU om;0efav;aewmvm;}}
uRefawmfh rsuf&nfwpfpufESpfpuf vdrfhqif;usoGm;ygonf/
]]uRefawmf ... uRefawmf cPMum&if oGm;avQmufvdkufyghr,f
arar....? reufNzef reufydkif; .... 'grSr[kwf aeUcif;ydkif;rSm a&pufcs
w&m;emekdifatmif uRefawmfOD;Zif;udk avQmufay;yhgr,f/ 'gayr,hf
arar rao&ao;ygbl;}}
uRefawmf ararhudk tm;wif;í NyHK;Munhfvdkufonf/
]]uRefawmhfarmfawmfeJU NrefrmNynfteHSU c&D;oGm;&OD;rSm r[kwf
vm; arar ....? aNr;awG ausmif;&uf&Snfydwf&if ... uRefawmfvJ
tm;&if.... ararvJ tvkyfem;wJhtcsdef wpfacgufoGm;r,fvkdU arar
yJ aNymcJhwmyJ}}
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

araru NyHK;&,fum acgif;,rf;onf/ bmrSawmh raNymyg/

]]zGm;zGm; .... orD; q&m0efNzpfwJhtxd zGm;zGm;aeOD;rSmqkd ...? zGm;
zGm;yJ aNymw,f/ tckvdk aopum;awG raNymygeJU zGm;zGm;&JU}}
orD;toHu tzsm;qGwfum wkef&DoGm;\/ okdUaomf orD;onf
xdef;csKyfum NyHK;vsuf&Sdonf/ wpfcP NidrfoufoGm;Mu\/ araru
qefNyKwfZGef;udk vufNyí wm;Nrpfvkdufonf/ orD;u ig;&HUaNcmuf
zkwf wpfaNrSmif;udk ararhyg;pyfxJodkU cGH&efNyifonfudkvnf; arar
Niif;vdkufonf/ uRefawmfu ararhyg;pyfudk vufokwfy0gNzihftom
okwfay;vdkufygonf/
]]om; .... arar aq;vdyfrBudKufbl;aemf? wNcm;vlawG aq;
vdyfaomufwmvJ arar oabmrusbl; ...? om; odw,fr[kwf
vm;}}
]]cifAsm ....}}
&kwfw&uf ararhpum;udk uRefawmf em;rvnfvdkufrdyg/ararh
udk tuJcwfMunhfrdawmh arar rsufpdtpHkrSdwfxm;onf/
]]aMomf .... tokbrSm aq;vdyfurf;rdrSm pdk;vdkUyg om;&,f ...?
aq;vdyfqkdwm tqdyfawGyJ om;&JU}}
uRefawmfh &ifxJrSm &kwf&ufqdkUeihfoGm;aomaMumifh EIwfcrf;
wif;wif;aphum NidrfoufoGm;&ygonf/ aq;vdyf rurf;&bl;qkd&if
uRefawmf bmurf;&rvJ arar .... [k uRefawmf b,fvdkowÅdrsdK;
Nzihf ar;&ufekdifygrnfenf;/
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

uRefawmfwkdU wdwfqdwfoGm;aomtcg araru rsufvHk;zGihf

Munhf\/
]]tif; .... arar aNymcsif&mawG aNymaewmeJU &efukefuowif;
awGawmif rod&ao;bl;? aNr;av;OD;av;eJUa':av; aeaumif;Mu
w,faemf}}
]][kwfuJhzGm;zGm; .... 'uf'Da&m rmrDa&m aeaumif;Muygw,f}}
]]rESpfu armifat;atmifNyefawmh olUcg;awmfawmf rsufae
w,f? tcka&m .... ol cg;em Nyefay:ao;vm;orD;}}
orD;u NyHK;í acgif;,rf;onf/
]]tckawmh aumif;vdkUyJzGm;zGm;? um;*dwfudk 'uf'DyJ um;armif;
NyD; ydkUay;wmyg}}
orD;\ 'uf'D[laompum;xJwGif cspfcifMuifemrI tNynhf?tm;
udk;wG,fwmrI tNynhf Nzpfonfudk uRefawmf &dyfrdonf/
orD;onf,cktcsdeftxd uRefawmfhtm; azaz[k wpfcgrQrac:
cJhao;acs/

]]azaz .... rru aNymawmh zGm;zGm; taNctae raumif;bl;qkd}}

uRefawmf om;udk cyfav;av; acgif;ndwfNyvdkufNyD; Nrif;ukef
ESD;ESihf aNceif;uGif;udk ae&mwusNzpfatmif NyKNyifay;vkdufonf/ rdk;

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

eufonf ukefESD;wifonfh tavhtxESihf enf;enf;a0;aeaom

aMumihf aeom;rus Nzpfcsif Nzpfaeekdifonf/
]]'gNzihf .... rMumcifrSm zGm;zGm; <uawmhrSmvm;}}
uRefawmf om;udk qwfceJ vSnhfMunhfvkdufr\ d / aoonf[l
aom toHk;teIef;xuf ydkí &dkif;ysoa&mf[ef pGufaeonfh<uonf[l
aom pum;vHk;ukd om; yg;pyfrSaNymxGuf&ufavNcif;[k pdwfr
aumif;Nzpfrdonf/ odkUaomf om;onf olaNymvkdufonfhpum;vHk;\
0efxkyf0efydk;udkyif od[efrwlay/ uRefawmhudk pl;prf;pGm armhMunhf
aeaom om;\ ndkvJhvJhrsufvHk;rsm;wGif oa&mfvdk[efawmh rawGU&
odkUaomf olUtzGm;wpfa,mufvHk; aovkarsmyg; Nzpfaeonfhudpt ö
wGuf olb,fvdkrS cHpm;xdckdufrae&aMumif;awmh ay:vGifae\/
uRefawmfuom om;udk onhfxufenf;enf;ydkí vlom;yDoapcsif
onf/ onfhxufydkí aNr;yDoapcsifonf/
uRefawmf om;xHrS rsufESmvTJvdkufrd\/
]]uJ ... pGrf;Nynhf ...? wufvdkU&NyD/ b,fbufaNcaxmufeJU b,f
buf aNceif;uGif;udk eif;NyD;wuf ...}}
Nrif;ZufBudK;udk uRefawmfudkifxm;&i;f Nrif;\vnfyif;udktom
t,m zufayGUxm;vdkufygonf/ rkd;eufonf aysmif;EGJUpGm emcHvsuf
&Sdonf/
]]Nrif;ay:udkwufwJhtcg .... tNrJwrf; b,fbufuyJ wuf&
w,f}}
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

þpum;udk ,cktcg uRefawmfu aNymae&aomfvnf; vGefcJh

onhfeSpfaygif; tpdwfavmufuawmh rrtdrfpdk;aru uRefawmhfudk
aNymcJhaom pum;Nzpfygonf/
ukef;eSD;ay:odkU xkdifvkdufcsdefwGif om;onf aysmf&TifpGm avwpf
csufcRefvdkuf\/ Nrif;ZufBudK;udk om;vufxJ xnhfay;vdkufaomf
vnf; Nrif;vnfqHarT;rsm;udkawmh uRefawmf qkyfudkifxdef;xm;qJ
Nzpfonf/
]]nmbufaNceif;uGif;xJ aNcaxmufoGif;vkdufOD;av ... om;}}
Nrif;ay:rSm om; pepfwus xdkifNyD;NyD[k uRefawmf ,lqaom
tcg uRefawmf aemufbufodkUqkwf &yfvdkufonf/
]]b,fbuf ZufBudK;udk b,fbufvufu udkif? nmbuf Zuf
BudK;udk nmbufvufu udkif ....? b,fbufudk vSnfhcsif&if b,f
bufZufBudK;udk qGJvdkuf .... nmbufudkvSnhfcsif&if nmbufZuf
BudK;udk qGJvdkuf? &yfcsif&if ZufBudK;ESpfckvHk;udkyl;NyD; aemufudkqGJ
vkduf .... Mum;vm; om;}}
]][kwfuJh ....}}
om;onf pdwfvIyf&Sm;pGm EIwfcrf;wif;wif;aphxm;vdkuf\/
]]'DuaeU a[m'DNcH0dkif;a&SUrSmyJ pD;OD; ...? vrf;bufxd xGufr
oGm;eJU ... Mum;vm;}}

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

om;u acgif;ndwfonf/ rkd;eufonf trdefUr&ao;oNzihf Nidrf

oufpGm emcHvsuf apmihfae\/
]]ZufBudK;udk rvGwfapeJU ....? Adkufukd aNcaxmufeJU oGm;ruef
rdapeJU? tqifoihfNzpfNyDqkd&if Nrif;udk trdefUay;vdkuf&HkyJ/ [m; ...
vdkU atmfNyD; ZufBudK;eJU wpfcsufomom &dkufvkduf ....}}
]][m; ....}}
om;\toHu us,favmifpGm xGufrvmbJ cyfwkd;wkd;omNzpf
onf/ rkd;eufu om;\toHudk NzKefyifrNzKefay/ olUudk wdkuf&dkuf
trdefUay;olrSm olUocif r[kwfrSef;vnf; odae[ef &Sdonf/
]]azaz ..... vkyfygOD;? Nrif;u roGm;bl;}}
uRefawmf wpfcsuf&,fvdkufNyD;aemuf Nrif;\wifyg;udk vuf
0g;Nzihf cyfqwfqwfykwfvdkuf&if; [m;ceJ wpfcsufatmfypfvkdu\
f /
rkd;eufonf uRefawmhfa&SUrS vTm;ceJ ckefxGufoGm;avonf/
pdwfvIyf&Sm;pGmESifh atmf[pfaysmf&TifoGm;aom om;\&,foH
onf Nrif;cGmeSihftwl wNznf;Nznf;a0;oGm;\/ rkd;eufonfNcHxJrS
xGufoGm;NyD;aemuf NcHa&SUrsufeSmpmrSm oHk;acsmif;axmuf aNy;vTm;
vsuf&Sdonf/ uRefawmf NcHwHcg;0odkU avQmufoGm;NyD; tNyifrSmcP
&yfum om;xGufoGm;&modkU vSrf;arSsmfMunhfvdkufonf/ pdrf;pdkaom
csHKyifrsm;onf wef;pDvsuf vrf;wpfzufwpfcsufwGif NcHpnf;&dk;o
zG,fabmifcwfxm;onf/ aumuf&dk;rQif tptersm; cif;xm;ovdk&Sd
aom aNrrmvrf;ay:wGif rkd;eufonf NrL;MupGm aNy;aeawmhonf/
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

uRefawmfhtaemufbuf NcHxJu aNrwvif;ay:rSm cGmNrifhzdeyf

oHukd Mum;&onf/ uRefawmf aemufvSnhfMunhfvdkufawmh pkd;&drfylyef
[ef rsufeSmxm;Nzifh orD;udk Nrif&\/\
orD;onf av\wdkufcwfrIaMumifh vGihfyg;aeonfh qHyif&Snf
rsm;udk vufNzihf pkodrf;&if; uRefawmfhudk cyfqqMunhfonf/
]]armifav;eJUtwl vkdufroGm;bl;vm;[if ...}}
uRefawmf orD;udk ESpfodrfhNyHK; NyHK;Nyvdkufr\
d /
]]pdwrf ylygeJU orD;&,f ... 'DNrif;udk azazudkifvmwmMumygNyD?
Nrif;u odyfvdr®mwmyg? b,fawmhrS orD;armifav;udk cgrcsbl; ...
pdwfcs? om;u rpD;wwf&ifawmif Nrif;u rSefrSefuefuef NyefvSnfh
vmrSmyg}}
odkUaomf uRefawmhfpum; enf;enf;apmoGm;\/ uRefawmf
Munhfae&if;rSmyif om;wkdUonf &Gmt0ifvrf;rbufqDodkU csdK;auGU
um rsufpdatmufrS aysmufuG,foGm;avonf/
vrf;buf xGufroGm;zdkU uRefawmfom;udk rSmxm;ygvsufESihf
bmNzpfvdkU vrf;bufodkU csdK;auGUoGm;&ygoenf;/ vrf;rwef;pDrSm
onftcsdefqkd Nrif;vSnf;rsm;? pufbD;rsm;? vloGm;vlvmrsm; &IyfaxG;
aewwfonf/ wpfcgwpf&H pm;usufausmif;&mrS Nyefvmonfhqdwf
tkyf? odk;tkyf? EGm;tkyfwkdUeSihf qHkekdifonf/ uRefawmf om;twGuf
tenf;i,f pdwfyloGm;rdwmudk 0efcHygonf/

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

rr&SdpOfwkef;uvdk Nrif;eSpfaumifavmuf tydk&SdaevQiftaumif;

om;? Nrif;wpfaumifudk ukef;wyfNyD; uRefawmfvdkufyg apmihfa&Smuf
Ekdifonf/ ,ckawmh ararhtdrfrSm Nrif;tydk r&SDay/
]]tck b,fvdkvkyfrvJ[if ...}}
orD;\toHu wkd;wdk;zGzG .../
]]azazwkdU apmifhae&HkyJayhg orD; ...? olwdkU ceaeNyefvmrSmyg?
rkd;eufu Nrif;qkd;r[kwfbl;av? aemufNyD; ... ukef;apmif;qkdwm e,f
usOf;usOf;av;yJ? olwkdUoGm;p&m aNr rus,fygbl; ...}}
]]'gayr,fh ... aNrmif;aygifBuD;buf xGufoGm;&ifaum ... a&xJ
xkd;qif;oGm;&ifaum ....}}
uRefawmf cyf[uf[uf &,frdonf/
]]MuHMuHzefzef orD;&,f .... Nrif;u a&xJ ckefqif;r,f xifvkdU
vm;}}
]]r[kwfbl; ...? Nrif;u rqif;bJ armifav;xkd;qif;oGm;rSmpdk;
vdkU ....}}
uRefawmf oufNyif;wpfcsuf csvdkufum acgif;ndwfNyvdkuf
\/
]]uJ uJ .... azaz Nrif;vSnf;MuHKwpfpD;ac:NyD; vdkufMunhfvdkuf
yghr,f orD;&,f oGm; .... oGm;? zGm;zGm;tem;rSm oGm;apmifhcsnfaemf}}

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

orD;\cyfpdrf;pdrf; rsuf0ef;rsm;udk a&SmifvTJí uRefawmfNcHa&SUrS

taNy;xGufvmcJhrdonf/ Nrif;eSihfywfowfNyD; om;rSm wpfpHkwpfck xd
ckduf&Sem NzpfoGm;vQif orD;\ pdrf;um;aom rsuf0ef;rsm;onf em
Munf;aom rsuf0ef;rsm;tNzpfokdU tvG,fwul aNymif;vJoGm;ayvdrfh
rnf/
vrf;rbufodkU a&mufonftxd uRefawmfaNy;cJhonf/
vrf;ray: a&mufaomtcg awmifaNrmufwpfcsufpD tuJcwf
Munhfvdku\ f / aNrmufbufrSm aps;&yfuGuf? awmifbufrSm &Gmopf
ESifh pdefyef;ukef;toGm; vrf;csdK;rsm;&Sdonf/ rkd;eufonf oHk;&uf
qufwkduf oloGm;cJh&onfh oHudkif;bufokdU xGuf&mNzpfaom aps;
bufeSihf pufwef;&yfuGufqDokdUom oGm;Edkifonf/ uRefawmf cefU
rSef;cJh\/ odkUaomf uRefawmhfcefUrSef;rI rSm;onfxifonf/ awmif
bufqDrSm zkefvHk;xkxnfwpfck a0;&mokdU a&TUvsm;aeonfudkNrif&
NyD; aNrmufbufrSm r&Sday/ uRefawmf b,fbufodkU vdkuf&rnfudk
csufcsif; qHk;Nzwfvdkuf&\/ xkdtcsdefrSm aps;bufqDrS cyfNznf;
Nznf;armif;vmaom Nrif;vSnf;wpfpD;udk awGU&onf/ xkdNrif;vSnf;
q&m\eHrnfudk uRefawmfrodyg/ odkUaomf vufNyvdkuf\/ ol Nrif;
vSnf;Nyefodrf;vmNcif;Nzpfonf/ c&D;onf a0;&mokdU a&TUvsm;ae
onfudkNrif& NyD; aNrmufbufrSm r&Sday/ uRefawmf b,fbufodkU
vdkuf&rnfudk csufcsif; qHk;Nzwfvdkuf&\/ xkdtcsdefrSm aps;bufqDrS
cyfNznf; Nznf;armif;vmaom Nrif;vSnf;wpfpD;udk awGU&onf/
xkdNrif;vSnf; q&m\eHrnfudk uRefawmfrodyg/ odkUaomf vufNy
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

vdkuf\/ ol Nrif; vSnf;Nyefodrf;vmNcif;Nzpfonf/ c&D;onf ygrvm

yg/
]]tpfudk .... 'kef;Nrif;wpfpD; tJ'DbufaNy;wm awGUcJhvm;}}
]]rawGUygbl; .....}}
]]uRefawmfhom;udk Nrif;ay: wifay;vdkufrdvdkU ...? tJ'g}}
olonf em;vnfoGm;[efNzihf awmifbufodkU arQmfMunh\
f / zkef
aiGUrsm; uef&pfqJNzpfonf/
]]uRefawmfu a':aiGtdrf&JUorufygAsm .... tdrfrSmNrif;tydk r&Sd
vdkU? uRefawmfhom;aemufudk uRefawmfvdkufcsifw,f/ tJ'g tpfudkU
Nrif;vSnf;u vdkufydkUay;ekdifrvm;? ta&;BuD;vdkUyg ... om;u Nrif;
wpfcgrS pD;zl;wm r[kwfbl;}}
]]wuf ....}}
uRefawmf vsifNrefpGm Nrif;vSnf;ay: a&mufoGm;onf/
]]uJ .... orD;av;a& .... a[m[kda&SUrSm rkd;euf'kef;aNy;aew,f?
rDatmif vdkufprf; .....}}
Nrif;vSnf;q&mu Nrif;\tNrD;xdyfydkif;udk usmyGwfNzihf cyfqwf
qwf&dkufNyD; trdefUay;vdkufaomtcg Nrif;onf apmapmuvdk oHk;
acsmif;axmufr[kwfbJ av;buf uqkefpkdif; aNy;awmhonf/

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

Nrif;vSnf;q&monf a':aiGtdr\f om;ruftNzpf uRefawmfhudk

rodayr,hf a':aiGtdr\
f Nrif;tNzpf rdk;eufukdawmh aumif;aumif;
od[efwlayonf/
vrf;xdyfbufodkU a&mufaomtcg ta&SUbuf? taemufbuf
vrf;csdK;rsm; cGJxGufvsuf&S\
d / rdk;eufonf pdefyef;ukef;bufoGm;
Ncif;Nzpfonf/ olUaNc&m zkefvHk;rsm; tvdyfvkduf? usefaecJhavonf/
Nrif;vSnf;q&mvnf; uRefawmfhvdkyif oabmayguf\/ Nrif;vSnf;
udk taemufbufodkU OD;wnfarmif;vkdufonf/
]][JhNrif; .... aNy;prf;? 'ghxufaNy;prf;yg orD;av;&}}
uqkefpdkif;aNy;aomNrif;udk om;b,favmufrsm; aMumufvdu k f
avrvJ[k uRefawmf awG;rdonf/ om;onf ZufBudK;ukd aoaocsm
csm qkyfudkifxm;zdkUvdvdrhfrnf/ xdkUNyif xkdrQaNy;aeaomNrif;\ Zuf
BudK;udk trSwfwrJh wHkUqGJvdkufygu Nrif;onf NAKef;ceJ pdkuf&yfoGm;
Edkifonf/ xdktcg Nrif;ay:rSvlonf Nrif;udkausmfí a&SUodkU uRrf;ypf
usoGm;wwfonf/ tusrwwfvQif ... okdUr[kwf ... uHqkd;vQif
uRefawmfonf acgif;xJa&mufvmaom tawG;rsm;udk ZGwfz,f
xkwfvdkuf&\/ om; wpfckckNzpfoGm;vQif rr uRefawmfhudkb,fawmh
rScGihfvGwfrSm r[kwfyg/
pdefyef;ukef;&Gma&SUrS Nzwfonftxd zkefvHk;udkom uRefawmfwkdU
awGU&onf/ a*GU&GmESihf a&Smufawm&GmtMum; vrf;qHkodkUa&mufaom
tcg zkefrsm;\ twGif;wGif rkd;euf\ rnf;eufawmufaNymifaom
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

udk,fvHk;udk a*GUtoGm;vrf;ay:[dk;ta0;rSmNrif&NyD/ uRefawmftenf;

i,f pdwfoufomoGm;\/ aemuf 5rdepfMumvQif uRefawmfwkdUNrif;
vSnf;onf rkd;eufudk rDawmhrnf/ Nrif;vnf;eSpfpD;a&Smifekdifaom
vrf;Nzpfí rdk;eufESihfab;csif;,SOfí uRefawmfwkdU aNy;Ekdifonf/ rkd;
euf\ Zufudk uRefawmf vSrf;qGJ xdef;ay;ekdifonf/
odkUaomf wu,fwrf;rSmawmh taNctaeonf þrQ r&dk;pif;vS
ay/
]]om; ..... pGrf;Nynhf .....}}
uRefawmfhtoHaMumifh om;u aemufodkUiJhMunhfonf/ om;
awmfawmf wkefvIyfae[ef&Sdonf/ uRefawmfudk atmf[pfaNymzdkUom;
awmfawmf tm;,lae&[ef&Sdonf/ om; xdwfvefUarmyef;ae\/
]]azaz .... Nrif;udk &yfvkdUr&bl; ...}}
]]r&yfeJUOD; .... r&yfeJUOD; ... ZufudkrqGJeJUOD;? oGm;yap ...azaz
rDatmif vdkufcJhr,f? pdwfat;at;xm;prf; ...}}
rdk;euf\ ZufBudK;udkqGjzdkU uRefawmfwkdUrDavmufatmif rdk;euf
u remcHay/ uRefawmfwkdUNrif;vSnf; oleSihf ukd,fcsif;ab;csif;,SOf
rdaomtcg tvGef vnfywfaom rdk;eufonf toGm;EIef;udk csuf
csif;avQmhNyD; aNcvSrf;udk Nyifypfvkduf\/ av;bufaNy;ae&mrS oHk;
acsmif;axmuf oGm;vdkufNcif; Nzpfonf/ uRefawmfwkdU yHkpHtwkdif; r&
awmhay/ ,cktcg rdk;eufu aemufrSm cyfNznf;Nznf; tom;usvSrf;
aeNyD; uRefawmfwdkUu Nrif;udk 'kef;pdkif;&mrS aNcvSrf;aNymif;zdkU Zuf
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

ukdifwkef; &Sdao;onf/ Nrif;eSpfaumiftuGmta0; awmfawmf a0;ae

NyefNyD/
odkUaomf uRefawmf rpdk;&drfyg/ rdk;euf\aNcvSrf;udk uRefawmf
&dyfrdNyD/ rkd;eufonf rkef;usif; (rkef;Nrpfurf; wpf0dkuf)okdU oGm;ae
Ncif;Nzpfonf/ Nrif;qkdonfrSm ESpfawmfawmfMumcJhonfh umvwpfck
u tNzpftysufawGudk rSwfrdedkifvdrfhrnf[k uRefawmf b,fwkef;urS
rxifcJhrday/
uRefawmfwkdU Nrif;vSnf;aMumihf rdk;eufaNcvSrf; aeS;oGm;Ncif;rSm
tckduftwefUomNzpfaMumif; uRefawmf odonf/ Nrif;vSnf;tdrfwyf
xm;vQifawmh a&SUNrif;vSnf;u vrf;rz,fay;vQif a&SUausmfwufí
rNzpfekdifrSef; rdk;eufo\
d / ,ck olUrSmNrif;vSnf;tdrf wyfrxm;rSef;
ol owd&aerSmyJ/ uRefawmfwkdUNrif;vSnf;udk ol ausmfrSmyJ/
]]a&SUwnfhwnhfuae ydwfxm;vkduf&if aumif;r,fAs...cifAsm;
aemufbufudkoGm;? aNceif;rSm rwfwwf&yfNyD; Nrif;udk vSrf;toHay;
vkduf? NyD;&if ckefqif;NyD; olUZufudk vSrf;xdef;Asm}}
Nrif;vSnf;q&mu tMuHay;onf/ þtMuHudk uRefawmfrvdkuf
emekdifyg/ uRefawmfwdkU olESihfNydKifNyD; aNcvSrf;aeS;oGm;vQif ol ausmf
wufawmhrSm ..../ rkef;qdyfxda&mufatmif oloGm;rSm .../ [dkrSm ...
csufcsif; wkHUceJ&yfvdkufrSm .../ [kdwkef;u tNzpftysufrsm;udk uRef
awmf rarhekdifao;yg/

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

a*GU&GmudkausmfoGm;NyD;vQifawmh rkef;usif;vrf;wGif 'kef;aNy;ae

aom Nrif;aemufokdU uRefawmfwkdUNrif;vSnf;vdkufedkifrSm r[kwfyg/
vloGm;vrf;uav;omNzpfNyD; ab;rSm ,mcif;rsm;&Sdaomvrf;ukd rkd;
euftm; uRefawmfwkdU ausmfedkifrSmr[kwf/ vlaomfvnf;aumif;?
Nrif;aomfvnf;aumif; rxdcdkufbJ ausmfedkifrSmr[kwf/ aemufNyD; xdk
tcsdefrSm om; Nrif;ay:rS vdrfhusvQif aNray:rSm us&rnf/ ydkíem
rnf/ a&SUrSmu onfhxufusí aumif;aom oJaNr&Sdaeonf/
]]udprö &Sdbl; .... cifAsm;Nrif;vSnf;udk 'kef;pdik f;NyD; a*GUtxdarmif;
&GmxJ auGU0ifvdkuf ...? uRefawmf anmifyifBud; xdyfrSm qif;usefcJh
r,f}}
uRefawmhftxifrSefaMumif; rkd;euf\ aNcvSrf;rsm;u axmufcH
vdkuf\/ rkd;eufonf av;buf'kefpdkif;&ef [efNyifaeNyD/ uRefawmf
wkdU Nrif;vSnf;u ydwf&yfxm;vQif vrf;&SmNyD; ausmfwufawmhrnf/
om;onf Nrif;tm; pdwfaysmhaysmif;atmif acsmharmhwwfonfr[kwf/
Zufudkifwwfonf r[kwf/ uREfawmf onftcsdefrSm rdk;eufudk wm;
qD;vdkufvQif om;vdrfhrusapbJ rkd;eufu &yfwefUoGm;rnf r[kkwf/
a*GU&Gma&mufaomtcg uRefawmf ckefqif;NyD; enf;enf;rQ
rwHkUqkdif;bJ tm;oGefí a&SUokdUaNy;cJhonf/ vrf;rSmc&D;onfoHk;av;
a,mufudk ausmfcJhonf/ olwkdUonf 'kef;pdkif;vmaom Nrif;cGmoH
aMumifh vrf;ab;odkU uyfedkiforQ uyfay;xm;Muavonf/
rkef;usif;odkU a&mufaomtcg uRefawmhf&ifwpfckvHk; yGihfxGufr
wwf armyef;aeNyDNzpfonf/ aemufrSm Nrif;cGmoHonf eD;onfxuf
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

eD;vm\/ rkef;usif;wpf0dkuf ,mcif;rsm;rS vlrsm;onfuRefawmfhudk

aMumifMunhfaeNyD;aemuf aemufrS vdkufvmaom Nrif;&Sd&mokdUtxdwf
wvefUMunhfMuonf/ aNy; ... aNy; ...? ol rrDatmifaNy; .../ Nrif;
tvsm; ESpfckpmavmuf uRefawmfausmaerS Nzpfrnf/
uRefawmhfaNcz0g;atmufrSm oJNyifudk owdxm;rdonf/ rkef;
urf;yg;odkU a&mufawmhrnf/ aNy;vdkufprf;yg ... uRefawmfhudk Nrif;u
ausmfroGm;atmif aNy;vdkufprf;yg/ aNy;rS Nzpfrnf/
]]azaz ...}}
om;\ ac:oHrSm tufuGJae\/ om;onf wpfavQmufvHk;Nrif;
udk atmf[pfMudrf;armif;vmcJhavovm; rod/ Nrif; b,foGm;ae
onfqkdwmvnf; om;rod/ b,ftcsdefurS &yfekdifonfqdkwmvnf;
om; rcefUrSef;wwf/ om; aMumuf&Smayvdrhfrnf/
rkef;urf;yg; oJaNrNyifwGif uRefawmfaNcvSrf;&yfNyD; Nrif;vm&m
okdU vSnhfum rwfrwf&yfaevdkufofn/ rkef;qdyf a&pyfwGif vlwcsdKU
ul;wdkUapmihfaeMuonf/ olwdkUtm;vHk; tHhMowkefvIyfaeMu\/
rdk;eufonf uRefawmf&yfae&mokdU av;bufaNy;vmaeonf/
om;onf ZufBudK;udk wif;wi;fusyfusyfqkyfukdifvsuf xdwfvefU
ae\/
]]azaz ... z,f z,f.... wkdufrdr,f ...}}
xkdUaemuf om;onf a&SUrS rkef;Nrpfudk NAKef;ceJNrifoGm;\/ ukef;
aeaom om;\udk,frSm &kwfw&uf rwfoGm;\/
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

]]tm; ...}} om;\atmfoHonf tufuGJwkefckdufae\/ om;Zuf

BudK;rvTwfzdkUyJ ta&;BuD;ygonf/ uRefawmfonf rkd;euf\ emrnf
udkvSrf;ac:NyD; pkwfwpfcsufESpfcsufoyfum acsmhvdkuf\/ oJaNrudk
eif;&onfhtawGU? uRefawmhftoHudk Mum;&onfhtm&HktNyif Nrpfa&pD;
oHudk rkd;euf Mum;ekdifavovm; uRefawmf rodyg/ bmyJNzpfNzpf rdk;
eufonf aNcav;bufvHk; wHkceJ&yfum acgif;pdkufypfvdkufonf/
taNctaeonf uRefawmf arQmfvihfonhftwkdif;Nzpfonf/ [kdwkef;u
ol\ vkyfenf;vkyf[eftwkdif;Nzpfonf/
rkd;eufonf uRefawmhfa&SU oHk;aytuGmrSm &yfwefUoGm;onf/
om;vufxJrS Nrif;ZufBudK;awG vGwfxGufoGm;onf/ aNcaxmufawG
u aNceif;uGif;xJrS NykwfxGufoGm;onf/ xkdUaemf om;\udk,fcE¨m
onf aNrmufceJ vGihfoGm;NyD; acgif;pdkufxm;aom Nrif;a&SUrSausmf
um uRefawmfwkdUqDokdU uRrf;pdkufusvmonf/ uRefawmfonf om;
\ udk,fvHk;udk uRefawmfhudk,feSihfumí qD;BudKzrf;vdkufonf/
om;\ q,hfaNcmufESpft&G,f udk,fcE¨monf onfrQBuD;rm;
av;vHrnf[k uRefawmf rxifcJh/ uRefawmfonf oJaNray:odkUom;
ESihftwl vHk;axG;zufvsufom; aemufNyefvefusoGm;\/ uRefawmf
wdkU wpfywfavmuf vdrfhqif;oGm;ao;\/ om;\ udk,fvHk;av;rSm
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aomtcg om;\&,foHoJhoJhudk Mum;&onf/ uRefawmf pdwfouf
ompGm NyHk;vdkufrdygonf/
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

uRefawmfraNzbJ om;\ycHk;udk vufoD;Nzihf cyfqwfqwfxkd;

&if; vl;vJx &yfvdkufonf/ om;u oJNyifudk vufaxmufum x
&yf&if; arm[kdufaeonf/
]]uHaumif;vdkUaemf .... azaz? uRefawmfawmh oGm;NyDvdkUatmuf
arhvdkufwm}}
]]om; .... Nrif;pD;csifao;vm;}}
om;u ycHk;wGefU um &,farmNyD;rS acgif;ndwfonf/
]]rdk;eufu azazhudk wkdufypfrSm raMumufbl;vm; azaz}}
uRefawmf b,fvdkaNz&rnfenf;/ wd&pmäefwpfaumiftay: ,Hk
MunfpdwfcspGm NyKrIvIyf&Sm;&onfhudprö Sm toufESihf&if;í avmif;u
pm;&Ncif;NzpfaMumif; om;udk aNymrNy&ufyg/ om; touft&G,fBuD;
&ifhvmaomtcg þtawGUtMuHKrsdK; awGUvmvdrhfrnf/ ae&mwum
rSm todOmPfNzihf twdtus cefUrSef;wGufcsufí r&aMumif; om;od
vmvdrhfrnf/ NzpfekdifaNc enf;enf;uav;ay:rSm rdrd\pD;yGm;a&;?
tdrfaxmifa&; ... aemufqHk; rdr\d touf .... xdkt&mrsm; yHktyfypf
vdkuf&wwfaMumif; om;odvmvdrfhrnf/ xkdtcgrS rkef;Nrpfurf;yg;
rSm 'kef;pdkif;aeaom Nrif;wpfaumifa&SUü rwfrwf&yfcJhpOfu uRef
awmf b,fvdk cHpm;aecJh&ovJ[k om; oabmaygufoGm;ygvdrfh
rnf/
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

(*)

arar a':aiGtdr\ f aemufqHk;c&D;onf BudKwifcefUrSef;xm;

onfhtwkdif; NidrfoufpGm NyD;qHk;oGm;cJhonf/ tokbrSm y&dwfowf
udk ,yfawmifESihf qyfNymarT;udkom uRefawmf urf;cJhygonf/
uRefawmfwkdU om;tzoHk;OD; okomefrS NyefxGufvmcsdefwGif wef
aqmifrkef;v0ef;onfyif xGufNyLzdkU tm;,laeNyD Nzpfonf/ ywf0ef;
usifonf NrLESif;aiGUrsm;Nzihf rIefrdIif;um vGrf;qGwfzG,f&mNzpfonf/
iSufuav;awG tdyfwef;wufzdkU NyifqifaeMuNyD/ opf&Gufopfcuf
rsm;uawmh uRefawmfwkdU 0rf;enf;zG,f NrifuGif;udk aoG;at;at;Nzifh
apmihfMunhfaeovdk Nidrfoufvsuf &Sdavonf/
araronf wNcm;udprö sm;udkom aphpyfaocsmpGm rSmMum;cJhaomf
vnf; tkwf*ludk b,frSmwnf&rnf[k rSmroGm;cJhay/ araru bmrQ
aomtcg uRefawmf awmfawmftpOf;pm;&usyfoGm;cJhao;\/ ararh
oabmxm;udk ar;MunhfzkdU&m uRefawmfu b,favmuf tonf;rm
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

odkU yxrqHk; a&mufvmaomNyóemrSm ararhtkwf*u

l dk OD;rif;acgif
ESihf ,SOfvsuf wnfoihf? rwnfoifh/
araronf OD;rif;acgifudk cspfcJhygovm;/ ESpfaygif;rsm;pGm OD;
rif;acgifudk pum;wpfcGef;rS raNymcJhaomaMumihf arar rcspfbl;[k
uRefawmf rowfrSwf&Jyg/ rdef;rwdkU\tcspfeSihf trkef;onf wpfcg
wpf&H eH&Hyg;yg;uav;wpfcsyfom Ncm;aewwfonf/ tcspfudktrkef;
[k xif&ovdk trkef;udk tcspf[k xif&wwfonf/
uRefawmfonf udk,hf[mudk,f qHk;Nzwfcsufcsum ararhtkwf*l
udk OD;rif;acgif\tkwf*lab;rSm ,SOfvsuf ae&mcsvdkufonf/ uRef
awmfhqHk;Nzwfcsuf rSm;oGm;cJhvQif araronf oHo&mtqufquf
uRefawmfhtm; cGihfvTwfekdifvdrfhrnf r[kwfyg/ uRefawmfh qHk;Nzwf
csufrSefoGm;cJhvQifawmh araronf ryGihfwyGihf &SufNyHK;wpfcsufNzifh
uRefawmfhtm; rsufarSmifMuKwfNyygvdrfhrnf/ bmbJNzpfNzpf uRefawmf
onf ararhtkwf*ludk uefawmhNyD;aomtcg tESpfeSpftvvu usOf;
usyfrGef;odyfaecJhaom pdwftm&Hkwpfck ayhgyg;pGm vGwfaNrmufoGm;o
vdk cHpm;vdkuf&onf/
uRefawmfonf &Sm;apmif;Nyom'f csHKa&SUodkUa&mufaomtcg ok
óefxJodkU wpfBudrf vSnhfMunhfrdNyef\/
ae&pfcJhayawmh arar ..../ Nidrfoufat;csrf;pGm ararae&pfcJh
ayawmh/ oHo&mqdkwm&SdcJhvQif arar\oHo&monf þb0vdk
qif;&J'ku© 'Pf&m'Pfcsufrsm;Nzifh &kyfqkd;raebJ vSyat;csrf;aom
oHo&mom Nzpfygap..../
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

aeU\tvif;a&mif ukefcgeD;? v0ef;\tvif;a&mif xGufNyLcg

eD;? tvif;a&mifESpfc\
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ESpfckonf tNcm;tkwf*lrsm;eSihf a&maxG;raebJ oD;oefUpka0;vsuf&Sd
onf/ NzLvGvGtkwf*lrsm;onf tokb&Iy&dwfowftm; yHkNyifwpfck
aNymNyawmhrnfh[ef&Sdonf/
OD;rif;acgif ...? touf (74)ESpf.../ a':aiGtdrf ...? touf
(71)ESpf/
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vmcJhaomtcsdefwGif þtkwf*lrsm;ESifh twl,SOfwGJ &Sdaeoihfonfh
tNcm; oif;csdKif;aNyyHkwpfckudk vGrf;qGwfpGm atmufarhrdonf/ aNryHk
ESihf tkwf*lawGqkdonfrSm tdrfawG ae&ma&TUovdk wpfae&mu wpf
ae&mokdU aNymif;a&TU,lvdkU&ygovm; .../ aNymif;a&TU ,lvdkU&onfqkd
vQif uRefawmfraorD xdkoif;csdKif;aNryHkxJrS wpfpHkwpfa,mufudk
þokóefxJodkU aNymif;a&TUay;vdkvSygonf/
onfvdkqkdNyefawmh ae&mwum vufawGUusvGef;onf rr tdrf
pkd;aru uRefawmfhudk avSmifaNymifoa&mfawmhrSmyJ/
]]ararhtkwf*lu b,frSmvJ[if ....}}
wdk;wdwfaom orD;\ toHonf uRefawmfh&ifxJokdU Nyif;xef
aom t&SdefNzihf xGif;azmuf0ifa&mufoGm;\/ uRefawmf orD;udk
wtHhwMo vSnhfMunhfvdkufrdonf/
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

orD;u orD;tarudk owd&aecJhonfayhg/ uRefawmfESihf awGU

uwnf;u orD;xHrS arar[laompum;vHk;eSihf azaz[laompum;
vHk;udk rMum;cJh&aomtcg orD;&ifxJrSm uRefawmfwkdUESpfa,muf r&Sd
[k 0rf;enf;pGm vufcHxm;vdkuf&onf/ ,ckawmh orD; olUtarudk
owdw& ar;vmcJhNyD/ tenf;qHk; orD;&ifxJrSm olUararawmh &Sdae
cJhNyDaygh/
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rSm ...}}
om;ESihf orD;u uRefawmfhudk Nydkifwl armhMunhfMuonf/
]]bmNzpfvdkU tJ'DrSm &Sdae&wmvJ azaz}}
om;u pdwf0ifpm;pGmar;awmh om;\eDndka&mifqHyifaysmhu
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wkdUonf uRefawmfwkdUtaMumif; bmwpfcrk S NynhfNynhfpHkpHk rodcJhbl;
aygh/
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wkdU odoifhwJh rdom;pk&mZ0ifudk azazrS aNymrNy&if b,folrS aNym
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om udk,fodMuwm? azazuawmh tm;vHk;ukd odaecJhw,f/wu,f
awmh azazu tNyifvlyJ ... 'gayr,hf wpfa,mufcsif;udk azazodcJh
w,f/ azazodorQ om;wkdUudk aNymNyr,f ... atat;aq;aq;aygh
om;&,f ...aemf/ tNyefc&D; armfawmfay:rSm azaz aNymNyrSmaygh}}
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

va&mifatmufwGif arar a':aiGtdrf\ NcH0if;BuD;onf rsufpd

wpfqHk; NymvJhpGm Nidrfoufae\/ tdrfa&SUu aNrwvif;Nyifus,fMuD;
onf va&mifatmufrSm ta&mifvufrwf awmufy&Tef;vJhaeonf/
aNrNyifonf uGefu&pf orHwvif; cif;xm;ovdkyif NyifnDpGmrm
aMum uspfvspfae\/ NcHpnf;&dk; cwfxm;onfrSm opfpm;wkdif 0if;
x&Hrsm; Nzpfonf/ [dkpOfwkef;uawmh ararhtdrf0dkif;onf NcHpnf;&dk;
r&Sd/ &Sm;apmif;Nymom'fyifrsm;udk cyfpdyfpdyf xduyfpGm pdkufxm;onfh
&Sm;apmif;Nyom'f NcHpnf;&dk; twkomNzpfcJhonf/
uRefawmf rwfwwf&yfae&monf NcH0dkif;\ ta&SUbufpGef;
{u&mZfyifBuD;atmufrSm NzpfaomaMumifh {u&mZifyGihfa<ursm;zHk;
vTrf;aeaom aNrNyifonf eif;vdkufwdkif; yGyGtdtd epf0ifoGm;av
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wvif;Nyif&dSonf/ aumuf&dk;yHkonf BuD;rm;rkdUarmufae\/ wvif;
Nyif\ wpfzufu aNrmif;aygifay:wGif BuD;rm;aom o&yfyifwef;
onf tkyftkyfqkdif;qkdif; rdIifndkU Nidrfoufae\/ þywf0ef;usif\
wpfckwnf;aomtoHrSm aNrmif;BuD;twGif;rS a&pD;oHoJhoJhyif Nzpf
onf/
a&pD;oHtrsdK;rsdK;udk uRefawmf uRrf;usifpGmcGJNcm;Mum;a,mif
wwfaomfvnf; þaNrmif;\ a&pD;oHuawmh yHkrSefr[kwfay/ wpfcg
wpfcg nifnifomom? wpfcgwpfcg aNrmif;xJodkU ikdufusaeaom
anmifyifudkif; tcuftvufrsm;udk wGef;wdkufNzwfausmfonfh a&pD;
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

Murf;Murf;? xkdUNyif aEG&moDrSm a&pyfpyfom&SdNyD; ysif;&dysif;wGJU roJr

uGJa&oH? rkd;&moDrSmawmh aNrmif;aygifEIwfcrf; aNrNyifudkxdatmif vQH
aeonfh cGeftm;BuD;rm;aom a&oH? wpfcgwpfcgrsm; aNrmif;aygift
pyfu Nruf&Guf? opf&Gufuav;rsm;udkyif wdk;wdkufvIyfcwfaponfh
a& pD;oH ..../
þa&aNrmif;BuD;onf ukef;apmif;\ toufNzpfonf/ ukef;
apmif;teD;w0dkufu v,fuGif;rsm;onf þa&aNrmif;rS a&oGif;,lí
&SifoefBuD;xGm;Mu&onf/ xkdUtNyif þa&aNrmif;onf rr tdrfpkd;ar
ESpfoufaom t&mrsm;xJwGif wpfcktygt0ifNzpfonf/aNym&rnfqkd
vQifawmh rrtdrfpdk;ar eSpfoufonfh t&mrsm;wGif uRefawmfhqHyif
rsm;vnf; yg0ifaeygonf/
ycHk;odkU rxdwxd&Snfvsm;pGm aysmhaNymif;aeaom tnkda&mifqH
yifonf a,muFsm;wpfa,mufESihf rvdkufzufbl;[k rrtdrfpdk;aru
aNymaomfvn;f xkdqHyifrsm;aMumifhyif uRefawmhfrSm uav;wpf
a,muf\ [efyefrl&mrsdK; &SdaeNcif;Nzpfonf[k rSwfcsufcsonf/
]]armifhrsufvHk;eJU EIwfcrf;awG[m el;nHhodrfarGUvGef;w,f/
a,muFsm;wpfa,mufeJU rvdkufzufbl;/ tJ'Dawmh qHyif&SnfawGudkrS
rxm;&if armifu t&G,fra&mufao;wJh uav;av;vdk Nzpfaeawmh
rSmyJ}} [k rru aNymzl;ygonf/
uRefawmhfqHyifrsm;udk arar a':aiGtdrfuawmh cPcP &,f
armavh&Sd\/

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

]]'Duav;ES,f .... t&l;r[kwf taumif;r[kwf}} ....wJh/

xkdqHyifrsm;aMumifh uRefawmfha,mu©rBuD; OD;rif;acgifu rr
tdrfpdk;arESifh cg;cg;oD;oD; oabmrwlEkdifNcif; Nzpfonf/ xkdqHyif
rsm;aMumifh uRefawmfhudk olu t&dkif;aumif[k ac:cJhonf/ xkdqHyif
rsm;aMumifh uRefawmfhudk olu awmwGif;om;[k vnf;aumif;? wHig
onf[kvnf;aumif; ac:cJhonf/ xdkqHyifrsm;aMumifhyif uRefawmf
onf rdef;rwpfa,mufudk om;rSwfrSwf r,m;rSwfrSwfaygif;rnfh
aumif r[kwf[k rSwfcsufcscH&\/ xkdqHyifrsm;aMumihfyif uRefawmf
onf uavuacs atmufwef;pm;aumifNzpfcJh&\/ okdUaomf rrtdrf
pdk;aruom ESpfoufrnfqkdvQif wpfavmuvHk;u qefUusifuefU
uGufaeygap? uRefawmf *&kpdkufvdrfhrnf r[kwfyg/
]]azaz NyHK;aew,f}}
uRefawmhfaemufrS cyfwkd;wdk;toHwpfckaMumifh uRefawmf zswfc
eJ vSnhfMunhfvkufaomtcg abmif;bDtdwfawGxJ vufeSpfzufxkd;
xnhfNyD; uRefawmf&Sd&m avQmufvmaom om;ukdawGU&vdkuf&onf/
]][kwfvm; ... udk,hf[mudk,f NyHk;vdkufrdwmawmif rodygbl;
om;&m ...}}
om;onf uRefawmfeSihf ,SOf&yfvdkufaomtcg uRefawmfht&yf
udk rDzdkU eSpfvufravmufom vdkawmhygvm;[k uRefawmfowdxm;
rdoGm;onf/ t&yfeSihfvdkufatmif udk,fcE¨m<uufom;rsm; zGHUxGm;rI
r&Sdao;aomaMumihf &Snfudkif;udkif; Nzpfae\/
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

]]om; ..... tm;upm;wpfckck upm;ygvm;}}

]]azazu uRefawmfhduk txifao;vdkufwm? uRefawmf u&m
aw; oifaew,fazaz&JU? a[m'DrSmMunhf ....}}
om;u uRefawmfha&SUrSm aNcudk csJ&yfum u&maw; wkdufuGuf
wpfckukd [efygyg o&kyfaqmifNy\/ uRefawmf toHxGuf &,farm
&if; om;ycHk;ukd cyfwif;wif; qkyfnSpfvdkufygonf/ om;u zswfceJ
udk,fudk NyefEGJUvdkufNyD;aemuf uRefawmfhvufarmif;wpfzufudk cyfzGzG
qkyfudkifMunhfonf/ yg;vsm;aom &SyftusÐEGrf;EGrf;atmufrS uRef
awmfhvufarmif;? vufzsefrsm;\ oefrm uspfvspfrIudk om; thHMo
wBuD; pl;prf;vdk[ef &Sdonf/
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tm;upm;awG vkyfcJh&vJ[if ....}}
uRefawmf acgif;,rf;í &,frdonf/ om;u uRefawmfhudk r,Hk
ouFm[efNzihf NyHK;pp Munhfavonf/
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tvkyfMurf;orm;uG? 'Dvdkudk,fcE¨m&wm rqef;ygbl;}}
om;u Za0Z0gNzihf Munhf\/

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

]]azaz odwwfpt&G,fuwn;fu azazu avSxdk;om;uG ....

avSmfwufBuD; wpfckwpfck[m azazhudk,fcE¨mxuf BuD;ao;w,f?
tJ'D avSmfwufawGeJU ESpfaygif;rsm;pGm &kef;ueftouf&SifcJh&wmaygh?
a&mh .... a[m'D vufz0g;awGudk prf;Munhfprf;}}
uRefawmf\ tom;rmwufaeaom vufz0g;rsm;udk om;u
r0Hhr&J prf;oyfMunhf&if; uRefawmfhudk ai;armMunhfavonf/
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vufawG? &GufBudK;twkwfBuD;awGudk rekdifreif; udkifvdkU BudK;eJUyGef;
wkdufNyD; aoG;csif;csif;eDcJh&wJh vufawG .... aomifwif&if ycHk;rSm
BudK;wifNyD; avSudk qGJcJh&vdkU ta&Nym;vefNyD; tom;rmwufcJh&wJh
ycHk;awG ... om; tJ'g azazhtouf b,feSpfeSpfvdkU xifvJ}}
om; raNzyg/
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vdkU/ 'Dawmh udk,fhvdk avSxdk;om;awGxJu toufBuD;BuD; vlBuD;
awG? pmwwfwJh vlBuD;awGqDuae pma&;pmzwf oif,lcJh&wm/
om; ausmif;wufawmh udk,fyhkdifum;eJU wuf&wm r[kwfvm;}}
om;u uRefawmfhxHrS rsufESmvTJvdkufNyD; [dk;cyfa0;a0;u
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pum;&yfNyD; om;xHrS rSwfcsufwpfckckudk &rvm;[k apmifhaecJo
h nf/

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

rdepfawmfawmfMumonftxd om;xHrS bmrSwfcsufrS r&vmyg/

qE´wpfckukdom om;u zGihfaNym\/
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uRefawmf vdIufceJ [moGm;NyD; &ifckefoGm;ygonf/
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rif;&JU bb OD;rif;acgif&JUtaMumif;? zGm;zGm; a':aiGtdrftaMumif;?
a[m[dku v,fuGufawGtaMumif; ...........}}
uRefawmf vufndk;nTefNy&mrSm arara':aiGtdrf\ vufuGuf
rsm; &Sdonf/ &dwfodrf;&ef apmihfaeaom pyg;yifrsm; .../ ,ckqkdvQif
aNrmufNyefavatmufwGif pyg;eSHrsm;onf eSif;pufrsm;pdk&TJvQuf
nTwfaysmif;,drf;EGJUvsuf &Sdayvdrhfrnf/
]]zGm;zGm;rSm v,fawG b,favmuf&SdovJ[if .... azaz}}
]]rdef;rwpfa,muf ydkifqkdifekdiforQaygh om;&,f? vifom; r&Sd?
om;r&SdwJh rdef;rwpfa,muf olUtpGrf;tpeJU BudK;pm;tm;xkwfEkdif
orQ twdkif;twmtxdaygh/ {u ig;q,favmuf &Sdw,f}}
]]zGm;zGm; aooGm;awmh tJ'Dv,fawGudk b,fol &rSmvJ}}
,drf;EGJUaeaom pyg;ESHrsm;\ vIyf&Sm;oHukd ,ckyif uRefawmf
Mum;vdkuf&onf[k xif&onf/

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

]]v,fuGif;awGudk Nrwfekd;wJhol &rSmayhgom; ... om;vdkcsif&if

om;&r,f? orD; vdkcsif&if orD;&r,f? azaz vdkcsif&if azaz&rSm
ayhg}}
]]uRefawmf rvdkcsifbl; azaz}}
uRefawmf yihfoufwpfcsuf &dIufum NyHK;vdkufrdonf/
]]udk,f odygw,f}}
om;u aNrNyifudk zdeyfOD;Nzihf xkd;qGum t"dyÜg,fr&Sd wpfcsuf
&,fvdku\
f /
]]uRefawmfu tqkdawmf *pfwmorm; Nzpfcsifw,f azaz? 'D
awmh uRefawmf &efuek frSmyJ aecsifw,f/ tJ'gaMumifhyg....}}
om;\ aNz&Sif;csufonf obm0usygonf/ wu,fawmhom;
onf bmrS aNz&Sif;p&mrvdkbJ v,fuGufrsm;udk Niif;y,fcGihf&Sdyg
onf/
]]rruvJ q&m0efvkyfrSmqdkawmh 'Dv,fawGudk vkdcsifrSmr[kwf
ygbl;? uRefawmfwkdUtaeeJU ....}}
om;onf aNymvufp pum;ukd qGHUtpGm &yfypfvkdufNyD;rS acgif;
udkarmhum
]]uRefawmfwdkU armifESrtay: azaz pdwfqkd;rSmvm;}}[kar;
onf/ uRefawmf acgif;udkcg,rf;vdkufNyD; om;\ycHk;udk zufvdkuf

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

onf/ om;udk trSeftwkdif; 0efcHvdkufvQif om;vnf; uRefawmfhudk

pdwfqkd;rnf r[kwf[k arQmfvihfygonf/
]]udk,fvJ rvdkcsifbl;? tJav ..... rvdkcsifbl; qdkwmxuf v,f
tvkyfudk udk,frvkyfekdifbl;/ om; odvm;rodbl; ... azazhrSmoabFm
wpfpif;eJU armfawmfESpfpif;&Sdw,f/ tJ'DaumifawGu wm0efvJodyf
BuD;w,f/ ESpfpif;udk c&D;onfydkU vkyfief;taeeJU rSwfyHkwifxm;w,f
wpfpif;uawmh udk,fykdiftoHk;NyKzkdUoufoufyJ/ tJ'Darmfawmf[m
azazhtdrfyJ ....? azazhudk {&m0wDNrpfxJrSmyJ arG;cJhw,f/ azaz[m
{&m0wDNrpfay:rSmyJ MuD;Nyif;cJhw,f? azaz ao&ifvJ {&m0wDNrpfxJ
rSmyJ ao&vdrhfr,f xifw,f}}
om;u uRefawmfhudk rMunhfbJ csmvnfcsmvnf 0Jusvmaom
{u&mZfyGihfuav; wpfyGihfudk vdkufzrf;qkyfudkifvkdufonf/
]]'gayr,hf 'DtdrfBuD;udkawmh uRefawmf cspfw,f azaz}}
uRefawmf NyHk;rd\/
]]'gayr,hf olUv,fawGudk rcspfwJhvl[m olUtdrfukd cspfvdkUr&
bl; om;&JU}}
om;u {u&mZfyGifhav;udk erf;MunhfNyD; zswfceJ vTihfypfvdkuf
&if; uRefawmfhbufokdU wnfhwnhfvSnhfMunhfonf/
]]bmaNymwmvJ azaz}}

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

]]'Dv,fawGudk tarGqufcHcsifwJhol r&Sd&if a&mif;ypfvdkuf? NyD;

awmholUtdrfukd rdbrJh uav;awGtwGif a*[mwpfck Nzpfatmif tJ'D
aiGawGeJU rwnfay;&r,fwJh...../ rif;zGm;zGm;u azazhudk rSmoGm;
w,f}}
om;u tdrfBuD;ukd ai;Munhf&mrS NyHK;onf/
]]'gNzihf uRefawmfwkdUoHk;a,mufvHk; 'DtdrfBuD;ukd rykdifawmhbl;
aygh}}
]]aocsmwmayghuGm}}
xkdUaemuf uRefawmfwkdUESpfa,muf tdrfBuD;qDodkU NyefavQmuf
vmcJhMuygonf/

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

(C)

ararhtwGuf ig;&ufaNrmufaeU eHeufydkif;wGif &ufvnfqGrf;

auR;NyD;aemuf aeUv,fydkif;wGif uRefawmfwkdUoHk;a,muf ararhtdrf
BuD;rS cGJcGmcJhMuygonf/ orD;eSifhom;twGufawmh þtdrfBuD;eSihf þ
NcHaNrBuD;udk wpfoufvHk;twGuf cGJcGmcJh&Ncif; Nzpfvdrfhrnf/ uRef
awmfhtwGufuawmh ararrSmMum;cJhaom udprö sm;twGuf aemufxyf
þae&mokdU rMumrDrSm Nyefvm&zdkU &Sdygonf/
ararh ol&if;iSm;Nzpfaom OD;axG;armifu rdk;eufudk Nrif;vSnf;
tdrf wyfqifum uRefawmfwdkU oHk;a,mufukd oHudkif;armfawmfqdyf
okdU vdkufydkUygonf/ oHudkif; armfawmfqdyw f Gif rMumrDu Nyefa&muf
vmaom uRefawmhf armfawmf&yfem;vsuf &Sdonf/ om;onf q,f
&uftwGif; rkd;eufESihf awmfawmf&if;eSD;aeNyDNzpf&m NyefcgeD;wGif ukef;
apmif;wpfNrdKUvHk; oltvGrf;qHk;t&mrSm rdk;eufyifNzpfonf/
]]azaz ... rkd;eufukd a&mif;rypfygeJUaemf}}
uRefawmf NyHK;&,fr\
d /
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

]]a&mif;rypf&if olUudk b,frSmxm;&rvJ? azazh armfawmfay:

wifNyD; oGm;av&m ac:oGm;&rvm;}}
om;tenf;i,f idkifawGoGm;\/ om;\ &efukeftdrfrSmvn;f rkd;
euftwGuf ae&mr&Sdonfudk om; oabmaygufygonf/ uRefawmf
om;\ ycHk;udk cyfNyif;Nyi;f wpfcsufykwfvkduf\/
]]uJ .... uJ rif;tdrfNyefa&mufvkdU *pfwmudk aumufukdifvdkuf
NyDqkd&if rkd;eufudk rif;arhoGm;rSmyguGm ... pdwfraumif; rNzpfygeJU?
tdrfrufqkdwm tcsdefwefawmh edk;vmwmygyJuGm}}
okdUaomf uRefawmfwkdUarmfawmf oHudkif;qdyfurf;rS xGufcGmvm
onfhtcg urf;yg;ay:ü onfbufvSnhfum rwfrwf&yfvsuf&Sdaom
rdk;euf\ rnf;eufawmufaNymifonfh udk,fcE¨mudk wNznf;Nznf;a0;
uGmpGm MunhfNrifEIwfquf&if; uRefawmf rsuf&nf0Jonfudkawmh
om;rodEkdifygacs/ xkdtcsdefü om;onf olawGUNriforQ t&mwkdUudk
tavmwBuD; pl;prf;aeNyD Nzpfonf/
armfawmfudk ckwfarmif;aom pufESifh a&pkyfxkwfaompufwkdU
xm;&m armfawmfpufcef;? qvifcef;[kac:onfh OD;ydkif;&Sd yJhudkifxdef;
csKyfcef;? qvifcef;xJrSm csdwfxm;aom ta0;Munhf rSefaNymif;? armf
awmfeH&HrSm uyfxm;onfh toufu,fabmuGif;rsm;? xkdUaemuf ...
yJhydkif;rS ao;i,faom tdrfomeSifha&csdK;cef;? armfawmf tay:xyfu
tdyfcef;ESihf xrif;pm;cef;? tdyfcef;wGif;rS eSpfxyftdyf tdyfpifeSihf
pmtkyfAD&dkao;ao;uav; ponfNzihf om;twGuf t&m&monf
txl;tqef;ozG,fcsnf; Nzpfaeonf/
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

]]azaz .... uRefawmfwkdU &efukeftxd armfawmfeJUyJ oGm;&rSm

ayhgaemf}}
]]at; ....}}
om;u tdyfpif a&NrSyfarGU&may:okdU tdceJ ypfvSJcsvdkufNyD;
vufESpfzuf qefUwef;vdkufonf/
]]ZdrfyJ ... tdyfvkdufoGm;&HkyJ}}
orD;u om;udk rsufapmif;xkd;vsuf olUvufqGJtdwfudk aeom;
wus NyKNyifa&TUaeonf/
]]'gyJaemf pGrf;Nynhf .... eifu atmuftdyfpifrSmtdyf? igu tay:
pifrSm tdyfr,f}}
]][m; ... b,f&rvJ? rru rdef;uav;? uRefawmfu a,muFsm;
av; ... rru atmufrSmtdyf? uRefawmfu tay:rSmtdyfr,f}}
nufanmaom armfawmfpufoHudk þtdyfcef;wGif;ü oJhoJhom
Mum;&ygonf/
]]r&bl;? eifu ti,fyJ .... atmufrSm tdyf&rSmayhg}}
]]azaz ....}}
uRefawmf NyHK;vsuf ycHk;wGefUum pmtkyfAD&kdrSefudk vufndk;Nzihf
zGzG yGwfqGJMunhfvkdufonf/ pmtkyfrsm;onf rrtdrfpkd;ar ydkifqkdif
aom ypönf;rsm;Nzpf\/ þtcef;onf uRefawmf þarmfawmfay:rSm

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

r&SdvQif aomhydwfxm;avh&Sdaomtcef; NzpfaomaMumifh zkefvSnf;ay;

&ef uRefawmfhtvkyforsm;rsm;ü wm0efr&Sdyg/ AD&dkrSm zkefenf;enf;
wufaeNyD/ uRefawmfonf eH&HrS MuufarT;udk,lí AD&dktay:ESihf ab;
bufeH&Hrsm;udkyg okwfvdkuf\/
]]r[kwfbl; rr&JU ...? rru odyftwmyJ? tay:pifu azaztdyf
wJhae&muG ... rr0iftdyfawmh azaz bkef;edrfhoGm;rSmayhg [kwfw,f
aemf azaz }}
uRefawmf &,farmvdkufygonf/
]]bkef;edrfhwmawG? bkef;NrihfwmawG t,HktMunfr&Sdygbl; om;
&,f .... tqifaNyovdkyJ tdyfvkdufwmyJ/ om;eJUorD; nSdNyD;tdyfcsif
ovdktdyfMuyg? azazu xrif;pm;cef;xJvJ tdyfvdkufwmyJ? ukef;
ywfay:vJ tdyfvdkufwmyJ}}
]]azaz ... bmNzpfvkdU tdyfpifESpfck xm;wmvJ[if ...atmuftdyf
pifu b,fol}}
]]pGrf;Nynhf ........? eif[mav ...}}
uRefawmf &,farmu acgif;cg,rf;vdkufrdonf/ xdkUaemuf
tcef;xJrS xGufvmcJhawmhonf/
a&tpkefNzpfí armfawmfonf w&dyf&dyf vsifNrefpGm aNy;aeonf/
rTef;vGJydkif;Nzpfí avtenf;i,f wkdufcwfae&m vdIif;toihftwihf
&Sd\/ okdUaomf vdIif;wkdUonf uRefawmfharmfawmftm; tenf;i,frQ

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

yif aeSmihf,SufekdifNcif;r&Sd/ armfawmf OD;cRefuav;onf a&Nyifukd

t&SdefNyif;pGm xdk;cGJvsuf Nrm;wpfpif;yrm aNy;vTm;aeavonf/
ta&SUbufqDrSm aomifcHkNyifwef;BuD;udk Nrif&onf/ a&eHacsmif;
okdU a&mufawmhrnf/ om;wkdUonf a&eHacsmif;tdrfokdU 0ifcsifao;
onfvm; uRefawmfhudk bmrS MudKwifaNymrxm;cJhay/ uRefawmf
tay:xyfwufí om;wkdUudk toHNyKvkdufonf/
]]om;wkdU a&eHacsmif;udk 0ifOD;rSmvm;? bmypönf; ,l&OD;rSmvJ}}
tcef;wHcg;yGihfoGm;NyD; orD;eSihfom; wGef;xdk;í xGufvm\/
vuf&rf;qDodkU eSpfa,mufom; aNy;MuNyD; NrifNyif&Icif;udk oJBuD; rJ
BuD; MunhfvdkufMuonf/
]]a&mufawmhr,f ...[kwfvm;? em&D0ufawmif r&Sdao;bl;}}
]]a&pkefavuGm ... Nrefw,f? a[m[dkrSm paeeHbk&m;udk Nrifae&
NyD}}
]]r0ifawmhygbl; azaz? rr .... 0ifOD;rvm;}}
]][ihftif;? 'gayr,hf tdrfukd awmfawmfay:uae Nrif&rvm;}}
]]Nrif&wmayhg orD;&,f? ceav;apmihf .... ceav;}}
uRefawmfonf qvifcef;okdU qif;oGm;NyD; a&eHacsmif;qdyfurf;
odkU r0ifawmhaMumif; uRefawmhvufaxmufqvifudk aNymvkduf
onf/ odkUaomf a&eHacsmif; rvGefrcsif; puf&Sdefukd cyfavsmhavsmh
armif;eSif&ef pufcef;odkU owif;ydkUckdif;vdkufygonf/
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

armfawmfonf Al;uRef;oJaomifcH\ k ab;odkUa&mufvmcJhNyD/ olU

a&SUbufrSm a&eHacsmif;NrdKUudk ukef;rdkUvsm;vsm;txufrS pdrf;arSmif
onfh tpkta0;tNzpf NrifawGU&onf/ ukef;Nrihfwkdif; ukef;Nrihfwkdif;
wGif a&Ta&mif0if;vufaeonfh bk&m;apwDrsm; &Sdonf/
]]a[m[dku oaNywef;qdyfvkdUac:w,f? [dkwkef;u azazwkdUa&
eHwifwJh ydef;aumrBuD;awG qkdufwJh qdyfurf;uG? tckawmh qdyfurf;
u ekef;awGwifNyD;? aNrNyifNzpfaeygNyD? a&BuD;csdefavmufyJ a&NrKyf
awmhwm}}
uRefawmfvufndk;nTefNy&mrSm Al;uRef;ukef;aNr\wpfzufu rIef
0g;aom tpkta0;uav;omNzpfoNzihf om;wkdUtm&Hkpl;pkdufí&rSm
r[kwfonfudk uRefawmf&dyfrdonf/ armfawmfonf paeeHqdyfurf;udk
ausmfvGefNyD;aemuf a&TNrifrdbk&m;qDodkU csOf;uyfvmonf/ armfawmf
onf qdyfurf;bufokdU tenf;i,fuyfí armif;eSifae&m cyfa0;a0;
rS a&eHacsmif;aq;&HktaqmuftOD;acgifrkd;ydkif;eSihf tkef;yifxdyfzsm;pGef;
rsm;udk vSrf;Nrifae&onf/ xkdUaemuf atmufawm& anmifyifqdyf
urf;ae&m .... xkdrSvGefaomf a&TbHkomukef;NrihfESihf a&TbHkomapwD ../
xkdUaemuf ...
om;wkdUonf NrpfNyifrSaeí olwkdUtdrf&Sd&m aiGbHkom&yfuGufudk
wpfcgrS NzwfroGm;zl;aomaMumihf olwkdUtdrfudk ukef;Nrihf cyfrIefrIef
rSmNrif&vQif rSwfrdedkifrSm r[kwfyg/

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

]]a[m[kdkrSmorD; .... a[m[kdurf;yg;apmufBuD;awGu zl;pmukef;

yJaygh? tJ'Durf;yg;&JU [dk;bufrSm opfyifawG tkyfqkdif;aewJhNcH0dkif;
BuD;udk Nrif&vm;? wkduft0ga&mifeJU .... olwpfckwnf;}}
uRefawmfha&SUwGif ukef;NrifhBuD;ay:ü pdrf;ndkUtkyfqkdif;aeaom NcH
0dkif;BuD;&Sdaeonf/ xdktdrfBuD;onf om;wkdU\tzdk; OD;rif;acgif\
tdrfBuD;Nzpfonf/ om;wkdU\'uf'D ]at;atmif}udk xkdaetdrfBuD;rSm
arG;zGm;cJhonf/
]]awGUNyD .... awGUNyD? armifav;a& .... [kdrSm rrwkdUpD;wJh'ef;av;
a[m[kd[mu Nrwfav;csHKBuD;yJ Nzpf&r,f}}
orD;u ao;ao;rIefrIefuav; Nrif&aom olU'uf'\ D tdrfudk
tm&HkrsufpdNzihf NznfhpGufMunhfum cHpm;[ef wlygonf/ vufckyf
vuf0g;wD;vsuf &ifoyf&Iarm tHhMoaeonf/
Nrihfrm;tdka[mi;faom wkduf0gBuD;onf taemufbufeH&Hü
wkdufyef;EG,fyifrsm; wufEG,fvsuf&Sdvdrfhrnf/ NcHaxmifhrSm rrtdrfpdk;
arwpfa,muf *g0efzm;zm;uav;Nzihf 'ef;av; pD;aecJhzl;ayvdrfh
rnf/
]]tckavmufqdk&if Nrwfav;yef;awG cJvdkU&SdrSmyJ}} orD;u vGrf;
qGwfpGm a&&Gw\
f /
uRefawmhtm&HkxJrSmawmh BuD;us,fcrf;em;aom NcH0dkif;BuD;a&SU
okdU wGefUqkwfonfhaNcvSrf;rsm;Nzihf r0hHr&Jwkd;uyfvmaom q,hfckepf
ESpft&G,f rdef;uav;wpfa,mufukdom Nrifa,mifvmrdonf/ tdrf
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

BuD;\ pdrf;um;at;pufaom BudKqdkrIudk &ifqkdi&f aomtcg olUcrsm

b,favmufawmif xdwfvefUacsmufcsm;cJhrSmygvdrfh/
aiGbHkomudk armfawmfu ausmfvmcJhaomtcg uRefawmhftm&HkxJ
rSm uav;rav;\ EGrf;e,faomtNyHK;onf ydkíydkí xif&Sm;yDNyifvm
\/ rr\arar a':aiGtdrfonf uRefawmfawGUzl;orQ trsdK;orD;rsm;
wGif owdÅtaumif;qHk; rdef;rwpfOD;Nzpfonf/ odkUaomf t&m&mudk
&dk;om;pGm t&Sdudkt&Sdtwkdif; NrifwwfolNzpfonf/
]]tJ'D aiGbHkom&yfuGufeJU wnfhwnfh [dkbufqDrSm ab;rJhqkdwJh
&yfuGufwpfck&Sdw,fom; ... tJ'DrSm om;wkdUorD;wdkU&JU bdk;bdk;BuD;ydkif
wJh a&eHwGif;awG&Sdw,f? pufwGif;awGa&m vufwGif;awGa&m&SdcJhw,f
tJ'D ab;rJhrSmyJ rif;wkdUzGm;zGm; a':aiGtdrf&JU tdrfuav;wpfvHk;vJ
&SdcJhzl;w,f}}
wJomom tdrfuav;udk tdrf[kyif uRefawmfac:ygrnf/
]]zGm;zGm;&JUtdrf ...... [kwfvm;}}
orD; tHhMorSmayhg/ zGm;zGm;udk ukef;apmif;oltNzpfom orD;od
xm;cJhrnfNzpfaMumif; uRefawmf e*dkuwnf;u &dyfrdxm;ygonf/
]][kwfw,f}}
uRefawmfonf arar a':aiGtdrfhtaMumif;udk b,fupí aNym
&rSef;rodbJ wpfcPwGefUqkwfaeao;\/ ararhtoufckepfeSpf
t&G,fwGifolUrdcifeSihftwl a&eHaNrrSmaps;a&mif;oGm;&onfhtaMumif;
upNyD; aNymr&vm;/ OD;rif;acgifeSihf pawGUonfhtNzpfupí aNym&r
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

vm; ...? rvdktyfbl;[k xifonf/ ararhb0\ t"du 'ku©qif;&J

pwif&m umvqDrSpí aNym&rnf/
]]a[m'D urmÇBuD;rSm vlawG[m ESpfrsdK;ESpfpm;&Swd ,f orD;?
avmueJUywf0ef;usifu NyKNyifaNymif;vJay;wmudk cHvdkuf&wJhvlawG
uwpfrsdK;? aemufwpfrsdK;uawmh ...}}
om;ESihforD;onf uRefawmf\pum; ed'gef;udk pdwf0ifpm;Mu
[ef&Sdygonf/
]]aemufwpfrsdK;uawmh ... avmueJUywf0ef;usifukd NyKNyif
aNymif;vJay;ekdifpGrf;&SdwJh vlawGyJ}}
orD;u uRefawmfhudk awGa0pGm ai;Munhf&if; acgif;ndwfonf/
,ckqkdvQif rdom;pk &mZ0ifudk uRefawmf pwifaNymqkdEkdifayNyD/
þZmwfvrf;wGif omref Zmwf&efuav;wpfOD;om Nzpfaom
uRefawmfhtaMumif;udk uRefawmfaNymNy&mü ]uRefawmf}[laom aNym
olemrfpm;udk roHk;bJ ]ol}[laom wwd,emrfpm;udk oHk;NzpfcJhvQif
orD;ESihfom; uRefawmfhtay: cTihfvTwfapvdkygonf/
b0\emusifrI a0'emESihf ylyifaomursm;? pdwftm;i,f &Suf&HG
rIrsm;udk uRefawmfNyefaNym&mü uRefawmfr[kwfcJhavoa,mif [ef
aqmifrIrsdK;NzihfomvQif tptqHk;aNymNyekdifpGrf;&dSrSmrdkUyg[k orD;ESifh
om; oabmaygufygvdrfhrnf/

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

]]tck azazaNymNyrSmu avmueJUywf0ef;usifudk NyKNyifaNymif;

vJ ay;vdkufwJh vlawG&JUtaMumif; ..... }}

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

tydkif; (1)

raiGtdrf

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

(1)

1942-ckESpf? 'DZifbmv\ naecif;wpfckwGif a&eHacsmif;NrdkU\

rkd;aumif;uif taemufbufNcrf;onf wdrfteDa&mif awmufyvsuf
&Sdonf/ aumif;uifrS usqif;vm[ef&Sdaom NrLESif;aiGUrsm;onf
wNznf;Nznf;tkyfqkdif;vTrf;NcHKzdkU BudK;pm;aeonf/ ukef;Nrihfykdif;us
aom aiGbHkom&yf\ {&m0wDNrpfurf;yg;pGef;wGif Nrifhrm;pGmwnf&dS
aeaom t0ga&mif wkduftdrfBuD;ay:okdU taemufbufu wdrfteD
rsm; Nzmusvuf&Sdonf/
us,f0ef;aom NcH0ef;BuD;\a&SUrsufeSmpmonf wkdufBuD;qDodkU
Nrihfwufvmaom uekf;NrihfNrufcif;Nyif Nzpfonf/ Nrufcif;Nyifudk
ausmfNyD;rS t0ga&mifwdkuftdr\ f avomaqmifEiS hf atmufwnfh
wnfh qif0ifrsufeSmpmudk a&mufonf/ avomaqmif\vuf&rf;
onf xkxnfBuD;rm;aom tkwfwHwkdif;edrfhedrfh vuf&rf;Nzpf\/
xkdtkwfwHwkdif; vuf&rf;odkU cifrif;ar avQmufvmNyD; vufxJrS
aomufawmfa&csrf;cGufudk Nrufcif;Nyifay:okdU oGefyufvdkufcsdefonf
NcHa&SUodkU rdef;uav;i,fwpfa,muf a&mufvmcsdefNzpfonf/ tdrfxJ
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

okdUNyef0if&ef udk,fudk vSnhfvdkufaomtcgusrS cifrif;aronf NcH

a&SUu rdef;uav;udk owdxm;rd\/
wdkuftdrfBuD;qDodkU armhMunhfaeaom rdef;uav; trlt&monf
xl;Ncm;vSonf/ wGefUqkwfqkwf tm;i,fawGa0[efonf olr0wf
pm;xm;aom csnfxnfEGrf;EGrf; 0wfpHkESihf vdkufzufygonf/tHhMop&m
r&Sdyg/ odkUaomf xl;Ncm;onfu rdef;uav;\ rsufvHk;rsm;Nzpfonf/
rdef;uav;onf wdkuftdrfukd rdrd tESpfeSpftvv &if;ESD;wG,fwmcJh
onfh wpfpHkwpfa,muftm; MunhfouJhokdU cspfcifpGm MunhfaeNcif;
Nzpfavonf/ wGefUqkwfpGm vSrf;vmaom aNcvSrf;rsm;ESihf NcH0ef;wH
cg;udk r0Hhr&JudkifwG,fvdkufaomvufrsm;rS qefUusifpGmyif rdef;u
av;\ pl;&SeufarSmifaom rsuf0ef;rsm;u awmufyMunfvifvS
onf/ cifrif;aronf rdef;uav;tm; pdwf0ifpm;pGm? okdUaomf em;r
vnfpGm ai;armMunhfaerdonf/
cifrif;arwkdU\ um;armi;form;vnf;Nzpf? NcHapmifhvnf;Nzpf
aom OD;BuD;bcifu rdef;uav;ESihf pum;aNymaeonfudk Nrif&onf
xkdUaemuf wHcg;udk tus,fBuD; qGJzGihfvkdufaomtcg rdef;uav;u
cyfoJhoJhNyHK;NyD; NcHxJ 0ifvmavonf/ OD;BuD;u NcHwHcg;NyefaphNyD;
rdef;uav;a&SUrS taNy;tvTm; ausmfNzwfum wdkufxJodkU 0ifa&muf
oGm;\/ olUaemufrS rdef;uav;onf pl;prf;aom tHhMoaom rsuf
0ef;rsm;Nzihf [kd[dkonfonfa0h0JMunhfNyD;aemuf wdkufqif0ifatmuf
odkU 0ifvmonf/

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

cifrif;onf aomufawmfa&csrf;cGufudk a&tNref Nznhfí bk&m;

ausmif;aqmifay:odkU uyfNyD; 'l;wkyfxkdifum vuftkyfcsDvdkufonf/
atmufxyfrS pum;oHoJhoJhonf ysOfcif; Murf;Nyifudk azmufxGif;
vsuf cifrif;qDodkU a&mufvm\/
]]b,folvJa[h}}
]]q&m .... ab;rJhwGif; ckepfu OD;pHNrihf&JU orD;ygq&m? q&meJU
awGUcsifvdkUwJh}}
þokdUuyfvI&aom tusdK;tm;aMumifh wynhfawmfrwkdUwpftdrf
om;vHk; ab;'ku©taygif;rS uif;a0;&ygvd\
k t&Sifbk&m; ...?&efukef
wuúodkvfrSm ynmoifMum;vsuf&Sdaom wynfhawmfr\ armifav;
vnf; at;csrf;pGm ynmqnf;yl;ekdif&ygvdk\ t&Sifbk&m;/ cifrif;
onf vuftkyfcsDum Murf;NyifokdU nTwfauG;vsuf ysOfcif;eSihfezl; xd
wkdufrdonftxd OD;cs&Sdckd;vdkufonf/
]]at; .... xkdifuG,f uav;r? bmudpv
ö J rif;taz aeaumif;
w,f r[kwfvm;}}
toH cPwdwfaeonf/ cifrif;onf aMu;pnfxkonfh vuf
vwfudk vSrf;,lNyD; opfpm;bkuav;Nzihf aMu;pnftm; wD;cwfvdkuf
onf/
]]aumif;ygw,f&Sihf? uRefr ... tazurSmvdkU vmwmr[kwfyg
bl;? ta&;BuD;wJhudpö &SdvdkUyg/ [kd .... udk,fa&;udk,fwm ...}}

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

]]aNymav .... bmudpv

ö J}}
azazhtoHonf yHkrSefyifNzpfaomfvnf; toHEIef; en;fenf;Nrihf
onf/
]]udkrif;acgifeJU awGUcsifvdkUyg}}
wpfvHk;csif;aNymcsvdkufaom rdef;uav;\ cyfwkd;wkd;pum;oH
tqHk;wGif cifrif;\vufrS aMu;pnfvufcwfuav; vGwfusoGm;
onf/ xdkUaemuf wpfavmuvHk; NidrfoufoGm;\/ atmufxyfrSm
vnf; Nidrfoufvsuf &Sdonf/ cifrif;onf tHhMowkefvIyfoGm;&mrS
udk,fhudk,fukd xdef;csKyfNyD; aNcvSrf;zGzGuav; vSrf;í avSum;qD
avQmufvmcJ\ h / atmufxyfrS ukvmxkdifa&TUoH Mum;&onf/
]]om;u &efukefrSm ausmif;wufaew,fav? om;eJU awGU&
atmif bmtaMumif;rsm; &SdovJ ... OD;udk aNymyg}}
cifrif;onf avSum;rS aNczsm;axmufí qif;vdkufonf/ {nhf
cef;wGif rdef;uav;onf azazha&SU ukvm;xkdifwGif MuHKUMuHKuav;
xkdifvsuf? azazuawmh ukvm;xkdifwpfck aemufwGif rwfrwf&yf
vsuf &Sdonf/
]][kd .... ukdrif;acgifeJUawGUNyD; aNymrS NzpfrSmrkdUyg OD;&,f ...? olU
vdyfpmav;NzpfNzpf ... uRefr pma&;ekdifatmif? wu,fvdkU olNyefr
vmcJh&if ...}}
]]rif;udk olodvm;}}

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

cifrif;onf avSum;atmufqHk;xpfwGif rwfrwf&yfvsuf avS

um;vuf&rf;udk vufaxmufrSDum wtHhwMo ai;ae\/
]][kwfuJh OD; ... uRefrudk ol odygw,f}}
]]rif;emrnf b,folvJ}}
]]aiGtdrf.....vdkU ac:ygw,f}}
]]at; ... aiGtdrf? rif;wdkU b,fvdkodMuovJqkdwmawmh OD;rod
bl;ayhguGm? 'gayr,hf om;uawmif rif;udkray;bJ xm;wJh om;vdyf
pmudk OD;u ay;vdkU aumif;r,frxifbl;}}
azaz\ tnSmwmuif;rJhaom pum;aMumifh rdef;uav;onf
acgif;iHkUum NidrfoufoGm;onf/
]]'gayr,hf pdwfcsygrdef;uav; .... OD;om;qDudk pma&;wJhtcg
rif;taMumif; xnhfa&;ay;vdkufyghr,f/ rif;vmwJhtaMumif; .....
om;eJUawGUcsifwJhtaMumif; .... vdyfpmawmif;wJhtaMumif; ...[kwfNyD
aemf}}
rdef;uav;onf zswfceJ armhum azazhudkwtHhwMo r,Hkr&J
Munhfavonf/
]]tkd .... [kwfuJh OD;? aus;Zl; ... aus;Zl;BuD;vSygw,f OD;&,f/
uRefrav ta&;BuD;wJhudpo ö m r&Sd&if .... tckvdk OD;wkdUqDukd vm0Hh
rSm r[kwfygbl;&Sif/ uRefr ....}}

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

rdef;uav;\toH wdrf0ifoGm;onf/ pum; rqufvmawmhrS

azazu acgif;wpfcsuf ndwfvdku\
f /
]]at; at; ... bmudpyö JNzpfNzpf rif;wkdUu OD;&JUtvkyform;awG
yJ? OD;odoihfwm &Sd&ifvJ tm;rembJ aNymNyaygh ... [kwfvm;/ wNcm;
bmaNymp&m &Sdao;vJ}}
yg;eyfaom rdef;uav;onf xdkif&mrS &dkusdK;pGm x&yfvdkuf
onf/
]]r&Sdawmhygbl; OD;? uRefr .... uRefrudk NyefcGifhNyKyg}}
]]at; ....}}
rdef;uav; NyefxGuf&eftvSnhfwGif cifrif;u avSum;rStqif;
ESihf rsufeSmcsif; qdkifrdoGm;onf/ rdef;uav;\ rsufvHkrsm;wGif cif
rif;tay: &if;eSD;cspfcif[efudk cifrif;awGU&\/ rdef;uav;onf
vQyfwpfNyuf tMunhfuav;wGif cifrif;tm; vSpfceJNyHK;Nyavonf/
xkdtNyHK;udk cifrif; odonf/ tm;udk;wBuD;tNyHK;? r0Hhr&JtNyHK;?
awmif;yefwdk;vQdK;aomtNyHK; ..../
bk&m; bk&m; .... armifav;&,f ... rif; b,fvdkrdef;uav;
trsdK;tpm;eJU cifrif&if;eSD;aewmvJ/
cifrif; olUudk NyHK;Nyoihf&JUvm;[k pOf;pm; awGa0aewJrSmyif
rdef;uav;\ aNcvSrf;rsm;u tayguf0qDodkU avQmufoGm;Muonf/
Nznf;nif;pGm ..../

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

cifrif;onf azaz&yfaeaom {nhfcef;qDodkU cyfqq avQmuf

vmNyD; {nhfcef;tayguf0ü rwfwwf&yfrdonf/ NcHxJodkU vSrf;Munhf
vdkufaomtcg Nrufcif;Nyif ukef;qif;twkdif; cyfNznf;Nznf; avQmuf
oGm;aeaom rdef;uav;udk Nrif&onf/ aemufwGJqHxHk; aNyavsmh
avsmh .... aemufausmtxufrSm a&avQmfzefrsm;oNzihf yg;vsaeaom
yGihf&dkufcsnfxnftuÐs EGrf;EGrf;? wkwfcdkifaom vufarmif;tkd; uspf
uspfESihf oefrmzswfvwf[ef&Sdaom vufzsefrsm;? yGihf&dkufcsnfxnf
xbDatmufrS zGHUxGm;vHk;uspfonfh udk,fatmufydkif;/ olUtouf[m
16 ESpfeJU 20 Mum;rSm &SdOD;rnf[k cifrif; cefUrSef;onf/
armifav;udk awGUcsifvdkU .... wJh/ bmtaMumif;eJU awGUcsifae
ygvdrfh/ cifrif;wkdU aNz&Sif;í r&atmif &IyfaxG;Murf;wrf;onfh
Nyóemrsm;udk o,faqmifvmrSmvm;/ rdef;uav;\ tNyHK;Nzihf zHk;
uG,fí r&avmufatmif ay:vGifaeonfh pkd;&drfaomuudk cifrif;
Nrif&onf[kxifonf/ bm&,f[k cGJNcm;rodekdifayr,hf 'g...raumif;
bl;[k cifrif;odygonf/
azazhbufokdU vSnhfMunhfvdkufaomtcg azazonfrdef;uav;
&Sd&mokdU Munhfae&rnfhtpm; cifrif;qD vSrf;Munhfaeonfudk Nrif
vdkuf&\/ &ifxJrSm 'dwfceJ vIyf&Sm;um xdwfvefUwMum; acgif;iHkU
xm;vdkufrdonf/
]]awmfawmf pyfpkygvm; cifrif;}}
cifrif; rD;zdkbufodkU xGufcGm&ef aNcvSrf;NyifNyefawmh azazuyJ
wm;Nrpf\/
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

]]aeOD; ... ighorD;u pyfpkw,fqkdawmh azazar;OD;r,f? rif;

acgifeJU 'Daumifrav;u bmvJ}}
]][ifhtif; ... cifrif; rodygbl;azaz}}
]]rif;acgifrSm &nf;pm;oem &Sdwmrsm; orD;Mum;zl;vm;}}
cifrif; acgif;&rf;Nyvdkuf\/ azaz tenf;i,fpdwfysufoGm;
[ef&Sdonf/
]]awmf&Hkwef&Hkudpaö vmufeJUrdef;uav;wpfa,muf[ma,muFsm;
av;tdrfudk tckvdk vdkufrvmoihfbl;? txl;oNzihf olUvdk wGif;wl;
tvkyfMurf;orm;&JU orD;u wGif;ydkifolaX;&JUtdrfukd vdkufrvm&J
bl;/ olwkdUESpfa,mufMum;rSm bmNzpfcJhovJ ... tJ'gudk igodcsif
w,f}}
]]cifrif; .... cifrif; bmrS rodbl;}}
]]azaz odygw,f ... tJ'gudk azazodw,f? rif;acgif;udk wdkuf
&dkufar;rS odrSmyJ}}
nwGif cifrif;onf pdwfvIyf&Sm;rIaMumihf awmfawmfeSihf tdyfr&
bJNzpfae\/ cifrif;xuf oHk;ESpfi,faomaMumifh armifav;onf
,cktcg touf 21 ESpfxJodkU 0ifaeNyD/ okdUaomf cifrif;armifudk
rdef;uav;wpfa,mufESihf ywfoufaeonfh vlysdKvl&G,fa,muFsm;
om;wpfa,muftNzpf awG;Munhfaomtcg cifrif;&ifxJrSm emusif
vSonf/ cifrif; b0wpfckvHk;wGif tcspfqHk;olrSm armifav;rif;
acgifyifNzpf\/ cifrif;ay:rSm armifav; AdkvfusorQonf uav;
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

qefqeftekdif,lrIrsm;rS Nzpfay:vmonf[k cifrif; ,HkMunfxm;cJhrd

onf/ ,ckawmh armifav;\ uav;qefeke,frIrsm;udk cifrif; arQmf
vihfí rNzpfawmhay/ armifav;onf &ifhusufcJhNyDvm;/ rdef;uav;
wpfa,muf r&SufraMumuf þtdrfodkUvma&muf pHkprf;&avmuf
atmif armifESihf rdef;uav;\ qufqHa&; &ifhusufcJhNyDvm;/
cifrif;onf tdyf&may:rS NAKef;ceJ xvdkufNyD; aNczsm;axmufí
tcef;xJrS xGufcJhonf/ wkdifuyfem&DBuD;u n 12 em&D 10 rdepfudk
Nyae\/ azazhtcef;qDrS a[mufoHoJhoJh Mum;&onf/ cifrif;onf
armifav;\ tcef;&Sd&mokdU cyfzGzG eif;avQmufvmcJhNyD; aphxm;aom
wHcg;udk tomuav; qGJzGihfvkdufonf/ rD;cvkwfzGihfvdkufaomtcg
vlraewmMumaom tcef;wpfc\ k NrifaeusNrifuGif;udk Nrifvkduf&
onf/ þtcef;udk cifrif; wpfywfwpfMudrfavmuf 0ifí&Sif;ay;
onf/ odkUaomf ,ckvdk pyfpkpdwfrsdK;Nzihf wpfcgrS rarTaESmufcJhzl;acs/
cifrif;onf pmMunhfpm;yGJ? pmtkyfpif? AD&dktHqGJponfwkdUudk arT
aeSmufvsuf rdef;uav;wpfa,mufa,mufESihf qkdifaom pm&Guf?
"mwfyHk ponfwkdUudk &SmMunhfrdonf/ bmypönf;rS rawGU/ tppt&m
&monf ynmxl;cRefaom ausmif;om;wpfa,muf\ tdyfcef;rSm &Sd
oifh&Sdxkdufonfh yHkpHtwkdif;yifNzpf\/ cifrif;aemufqHk; yifhoufwpf
csuf&dIufí tcef;xJrS NyefxGufvmcJhavonf/
rdef;uav;udk azazu Mum;aumif;atmif uwday;vdkufonf
[k ,lqxm;aom cifrif;onf azazhxHrS armifav;NyefvmzkdUac:
xm;onf[al om pum;udk Mum;vdkuf&awmh tHhMooGm;rdonf/
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

]]armifav; pmar;yGJaNz&zdkU eD;aeNyDqdk ....}}

]]at;av ... 'gayr,hf b,fwwfekdifrSmvJ/ [dk aiGtdrfqkdwJh
aumifrav;udpu ö dk azaz odyfrouFmbl;/ rif;acgif aNz&Sif;rS
&r,hfudpq
ö kd&if olUyJ aNz&Sif;ckdif;&rSmaygh}}
cifrif; azazhudk em;rvnfpGm ai;Munhf&HkuvGJí bmrQ raNymrd
yg/ þudpo ö nf armifav; a&eHacsmif;okdU Nyefvm&avmufatmif
ta&;BuD;onf[k rxifrd/ pmar;yGJtNyD; aEG&moDusrS armifav;udk
aNymvQifvnf; &rSmyJ[k &dk;om;pGm awG;cJhonf/ bmyJNzpfNzpf armif
av;eSihf rawGU&wm oHk;vavmuf&SdNyD/ armifav; pmusufysufrSm
pdk;&drfonfuvGJvQif armifav;vmrnfudk cifrif; aysmf&TifpGmBudKqkdrd
rSmyg/
xkdUaemuf wpfywftwGif; cifrif;onf wpftdrfvHk;udk oefU&Sif;
vSyatmif NyifqifrGrf;rHaerdawmhonf/ azazhrefae*smtm; cef;qD;p
topfawG 0,fckdif;NyD; cifrif;udk,fwkdif csKyfonf/ armifav;BudKuf
wwfaom AmvacsmifaMumfudk rarmryef; NyifqifaMumfcsufonf/
MumqH[if;cg; csufauR;zdkU ypönf;tqmyvmtpHk 0,fxm;onf/
cifrif;\ xrif;csuftul a';av;udk ae&mwum q&mvkyfírNyD;
atmif &Sdawmhonf/
armifav;rif;acgifonf NynfokdU &xm;Nzihf pD;vmNyD; NynfrS
wpfqihf oabFmpD;um a&eHacsmif;odkU a&mufvm&oNzihf azazpm
a&;NyD; 6 &ufwdwdMumrS a&mufvmonf/ olUudk vSrf;ac:vdkufo
Nzifh thHMopGm NyefvmcJh&aomfvnf; tdrfxJodkUa&mufaomtcg armif
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

av;rsufeSmrSm ylyifxdwfvefU[efr&Sd/ cyfrIefrIefNzpfonf/ cifrif;

tm;vn;f wpfcsufom acgif;nGwfEIwfquf\/ armifav;rSm vuf
qGJaowÅmryg? t0wfydkwpfpHkudk tm;upm; om;a&tdwf tao;u
av;xJ xnhf,lvm\/
azazonf armifav;tm; cPom em;cGihfay;NyD; eHeufxrif;
pm;NyD;csdefwGif olodcsifonfhudpu
ö dk xrif;0dkif;rSmyif ar;awmhonf/
]]om;rSm &nf;pm;awG bmawG&Sdovm; ....}}
armifav;onf wkduyfaom qHyifukd vufNzihfzGumoyfNyD;
aemuf pm;yGJay: rsufvTmcsMunhfum ]]r&Sdygbl; azaz}} [kaNzonf/
]]azazhukd rnmeJU}}
armifav;u qwfceJ armhMunh\
f / bmrSawmh raNymay/.
]]aiGtdrfqkdwJh aumifrav; t&ifwpfywfu a&mufvmw,f ....
om;}}
]]aiGtdrf ....}}
armifav; tHhMooGm;&Hkru wkefvIyfoGm;onf[k cifrif;xif
onf/ cifrif;onf &ifrqkdif&JpGm yef;uefrsm;udk aq;&ef pm;yGJrS x
xGufvmcJhonf/ okdUaomf xrif;pm;yGJqDrS toHawGudk em;pGifhxm;
\/

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

]]ab;rJhu udkpHNrihf&JU orD;uGm ... tJ'D aiGtdrfu rif;udkawGUcsif

vdkUqkdNyD; a[m'DtdrfxJtxd a&mufvmcJhw,fom;? aiGtdrfudk rif;
odovm;}}
]][kwfuJh}}
armifav;\toHrSm tenf;i,f pdwf&IyfaxG;[ef ygonf/
]]aiGtdrf bmNzpfvdkU 'Dtdrfudk vm&ovJ om;}}
]]uRefawmf b,fodrvJ azaz/ uRwf ... azaz 'Dudpuö dkar;zdkU
uRefawmhfudk 'Dac:wmvm;? uRefawmf aemuf 2vMum&if pmar;yGJaNz
&awmhrSm azaz}}
armifav;toHrSm rcHcsdrcHom toHrsdK;? cifrif; zswfceJ vSnhf
Munhfvdkufr\d / azazhudk onfavoHrsdK;eSihf onftdrfrSm rnfolrQ
raNym0HhMuyg/
]]rif;acgif}}
azazu ukvm;xkdifudk aemufodkUwGef;um NAKef;ceJ xkdif&mrS x
&yfvdku\
f armifav;onf azazha&SUrSm vHk;0rwkefrvIyf xkdifaeqJ/
]]igh*kPfodu©mudk xdcdkufr,fh &Iyf&Iyf&Suf&SuftoHawG igrMum;
csifbl;qkdwm rif;udk b,fESpfcg owday;&rvJ}}
]][m ... tcka&m bmoHawG azazMum;&atmif uRefawmfvkyf
aevdkUvJ}}

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

]]tck[mu toHwifrubl;uG ... tJ'Daumifrav; igha&SUtxd

a&mufvmNyD? ta&;BuD;vdkUwJh/ aNymprf; .... rif;eJUtJ'Daumifrav;
bmta&;BuD;wJhudpaö wG Nzpfxm;MuovJ/ wGif;ydkifolaX;&JUom;eJU
wGif;wl;tvkyform;&JU orD;eJU bmta&;BuD;wJhudpaö wG &SdaeMuo
vJ}}
azazhtoHu us,favmifoGm;NyD;rS ywf0ef;usifudk wpfcsufa0h
Munhfvdkufum olUudk,fol Nyefxdef;vdkuf\/
]]rif;acgif .... aNymav}}
]]bmrS Nzpfrxm;bl; azaz .... olbmvdkUvdkufvmvJ uRefawmf
rodbl;}}
]]om; ...}}}
azazhrsufeSm aysmhaysmif;oGm;onf/
]]aiGtdrf[m om;&nf;pm; r[kwfygbl;aemf}}
]]MuHMuHzefzef azaz&,f}}
cifrif;onf armifav;\ ab;wapmif;rsufeSmudk wtHhwMo
ai;armMunhfaerdonf/
]]'gayr,hf .... aiGtdrfudkawmh rif;odw,faygh}}
]]odwmaygh azaz ... rESpfwkef;u olUtar aeraumif;wma&m?
qHk;oGm;wma&m OD;bcifeJUuRefawmf oGm;ar;ao;wmyJ/ tJ'Daemuf

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

wGif;bufudk uRefawmfoGm;&if oHk;av;cg awGUzl;Muygw,f? EIwf

qifNzpfMuygw,f/ 'gayr,fh 'gayr,hf ... ol uRefawmfhtdrfvmNyD;
awGU&avmufatmif bmta&;wBuD;udprö S rNzpfcJhzlygbl;}}
azazonf pdwfoufom&m&oGm;[efNzihf oufNyif;csvdku\ f /
xdkUaemuf ukvm;xkdifaemufrSDudk vufNzihf axmufvdkufonf/
]]at;at; ... 'gqkd&if azazavmBuD;oGm;w,f? yxrawmh
pmeJUa&;NyD; ar;zdkUyJom;? 'gayr,hf ... om;&JUtaNzudk em;axmif&if;
om;rsufvHk;awGudk aphaphMunhfcsifao;vdkU/ tuJcwfcsifao;vdkU/
om;ukd OmPfeDOmPfeufxkwfzdkU azaz tcsdefray;csifvkdU}}
]]tcka&m uRefawmfhrsufvkH;rSm azaz bmNrif&vdkUvJ}}
azazu toHxGuf &,farmavonf/
]]om;udk azaz,HkygNyD om;&,f ... azazu azazxifwJhtwkdif;
NzpfaerSm pdk;vdkUyg/ raumif;bl;av ... rdef;uav;wpfa,muf azazh
om;aMumifh t&SufuGJ&awmhr,fqkd&if b,faumif;rvJ}}
rif;acgifu zswfceJ armhMunh\
f / olUrsufvHk;rsm;wGif paemuf
aomtNyHK;udk awGU&onf/
]]wu,fvdkU azazxifovdk NzpfaecJh&if azazu uRefawmfhudk
aiGtdrfeJU ay;pm;rSmaygh? [kwfvm;azaz}}
]]b,f[kwfrvJ? rif;udk ightdrfu ESifcsvdkufrSmaygh/ rif;vkyfcJh
wJhudpö rif;wm0ef,laygh/ tJ'Dwm0efu azazeJU rqkdifbl;av/
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

wGif;pm;BuD; OD;Nrom&JUom;r[kwfawmhwJh rif;acgiftNzpf om; wm

0ef,laygh/ 'gayr,fh ... a&eHwGif; raNymeJU? azazha&eHwGif;uxGuf
wJh a&eHwpfpufawmif om; rcHpm;ap&bl;}}
rif;acgifu cyf[[&,fí acgif;cg&rf;onf/
]]NzpfrSNzpf&av azaz&,f .... azazha&eHwGif;awGudk uRefawmf
rrufygbhl;? 'gayr,fh wGif;wl;orm;&JuorD;udkvnf; r,lyg&apeJU
azaz&,f ... uRefawmf vGwfvGwfvyfvyfeJU *kPfxl;wef;atmifyg&
ap? vGwfvGwfvyfvyfeJU tkdifpDtufpf oGm;aNzyg&ap}}
xkdUaemuf rif;acgifonf xrif;pm;yGJrS x&if; oD;arT;iSufaysm
oD;wpfvHk;udk NzKwf,lum tcef;NyifodkU ayghyg;pGm aNcvSrf;vSrf;\/
tcef;0a&mufawmhrS azazhbuf NyefvSnhfMunhfonf/
]]azaz ... 'gNzihf uRefawmf reufNzef NyefvdkU&rvm;}}
]]at;at; .... azaz pDpOfay;r,f}}
xdkUaemuf armifav;rif;acgif\tMunhfonf cifrif;xHa&muf
vm\/ cifrif;\ pl;pkdufawGa0aom tMunhfrS bmudk owdNyKrdoGm;
onfrod? rif;acgifrsufvHk;awG vufceJ NzpfoGm;onf/ cifrif;onf
armifav;\ rsufvHk;rsm;udk &ifrqkdif&JbJ rsufvTmcsypfvdkufrdav
onf/

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

(2)

tcspfqkdonfrSm tvGef csdKNraom t&mygvm;[k wrf;wrf;ruf

ruf vIyfcwfMunfel;í aumif;wkef;rSmyif xdwfvefUacsmufcsm;zG,f
aumif;onhf pkd;&drfaomuonf csdKNrrIudk NAKef;ceJ zHk;uG,ftkyfqkdif;
ypfvdkufNyD/ tcspf\aemufrSm tNrJwap emusifrIESifh pkd;&drfaomu
rsm; uyfygvmwwfvdrfhrnf[k odwwfpNyKvmcsdefwGif aiGtdrfht
wGuf t&m&monf aemufusoGm;NyDNzpfonf/
ol NyefrvmvQif b,fvdkvkyfrvJ[k tqdk;qHk;udk awG;Munhfrd
wdkif;rSm rsufvHk;rsm; Nyma0um rl;aemufoGm;&\/ ol ... vmawmh
vmrSmyg? ausmif;ydwf&ufqkdvQif olNyefvmrSmyg/ okdUaomf tJonf
tcsdeftxd b,folrQ rodatmif aiGtdrf zHk;zdxm;ekdifrSmwJhvm;/
txl;oNzihf taz ...../ tazodoGm;vQif ....../
aiGtdrfonf a&yHk;xrf;udk ycHk;nGwfvkrwwf xrf;vm&if;tdrf&Sd
&mokdU arm[dkufpGm wufvmcJhonf/ naecif;aea&mifonf aiGtdrfh
ausmNyifudk pl;pl;&J&J ylNcpfae\/ awmifurf;yg;,Hrsm;rS Nzwfazmuf
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

xm;aom twuftqif; vloGm;vrf;uav;onf awmfawmf rwf

apmufv\ S / vJrusatmif zdeyfrygaom aNcz0g;Nzihf aNcukwf,lí
wuf&onfNzpf&m aNcz0g;rsm; ylavmifvsuf&Sdonf/ ezl;rS usvm
aom acR;rsm;udk ycHk;atmufrSm ckxm;aom wbufp tvGwfuav;
Nzihf okwf,lvdku\
f / tdrfbufodkU aNcvSrf;usJusJuav;Nzihf taNy;
xrf;vmpOfrSmyif xaemif;yifatmufrSm rwfwwf&yfapmihfaeaom
wpfpHkwpfa,mufudk aiGtdrf NrifoGm;onf/
aiGtdrf\ arm[dkufwkefcgaeaom ESvHk;onf vHk;0 &yfwefUoGm;
\/
]]tpfudk ....}}
cyfwkd;wkd; a&&GwfoHudk olrudk,fwdkif aumif;aumif;rMum;&yg
aiGtdrfonf a&yHk;xrf;udk NzKwfcsvdkuf\/ tpfudk vmw,f ...tpfudk
aiGtdrfhqD vmw,faygh/ aiGtdrfonf twkdif;tqr&Sd pdwfoufom
aysmf&TifpGm olUxHwdk;uyfoGm;&if; 0rf;enf;emusifrIrsm; topfwpfzef
NyefcHpm;&NyefNyD; rsuf&nfawGawG usrdonf/
]]tr,fav; ... tpfudkvmrS vmyghrvm;vdkU ylvdkuf&wm}}
odkUaomf olUrsufESmrSm aiGtdrfarQmfvihfxm;onfh Munfel;&dyf?
Muifem&dyfrsm; rawGU&onfhtNyif wif;rmcufxefrIrsm;yif ay:vGif
aeao;onf/ olonf xaemif;yifudk ausmuyfrSDonfh taetxm;
rS rNyifbJ vufydkufum aiGtdrfhudk a'gowBuD;MunhfaeNcif; Nzpf
onf/
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

]]rif; bmawG avQmufvkyfvdkufwmvJ aiGtdrf? rif; ... udk,hf

tdrfudk bmudpoö Gm;&wmvJ? azazod&if b,fvdkNzpfr,fqkdwm rif;
enf;enf;rS rawG;rdbl;vm;}}
]]tkd tpfudk&,f ... tNypfwif&ufavNcif; .../ aiGtdrfhqif;&J'ku©
awGudk tpfukd rodvdkufavNcif;uG,f .../ aiGtdrfonf tpfudkUa'go
rsufvHk;rsm;udk r0Hhr&J Munhfrdonf/ tpfudk\ yg;vSyfaomEIwfcrf;
uav;udk cspfNrwfedk;pGm Munhfrdonf/ uspfvspfoefrmaom tpfudkU
cE¨mudk,f NrihfNrihfrm;rm;udkawmh tm;udk;wBuD; Munhfrdonf/
]]uRefr .... uRefrudk pdwfrqkd;ygeJUaemf ... tpfudk? uRefrrSm
wkdifyifp&mqdkvdkU tpfudkwpfa,mufyJ &Sdwmyg/ uRefrudk tpfudkwpf
a,mufyJ u,fekdifawmhrSm tpfudk&JU? uRefr .... uRefrrSmav .....}}
aNym7rnfhpum;udk &Suf&GHUpGm NzwfcsypfvkdufNyD; wpfcsuf&dIufiif
um aoG;&l;aoG;wef; NyHK;vdkufr\ d / xkdUaemuf rdrdAdkufudk rdrdiHkUMunhf
um olUudkwpfzef armhMunhfrdNyef\/ tpfudku rsufarSmifMuKwfum
aiGtdrfhudk pl;pl;pdkufpdkuf MunhfaeqJ ..../
]]rif;udk udk,fb,favmuf pdwfqkd;w,fqkdwm aNymrNyekdif
atmifyJ/ udk,hf&nfrSef;csufawG ratmifNrifao;cif azaz odoGm;&if
udk,f b,fb0a&mufoGm;r,fxifvJ? rif; 'Davmufawmh wGufwwf
vdrfhr,f odwwfvdrfhr,fvdkU udk,fxifcJhw,f? tckawmh rif; ...t&l;
yJ? rif; bmvkyfvkdufw,fqkdwm rif;udk,frif;a&m od&JUvm;[if ...?
aiGtdrf ..... rif;od&JUvm;}}

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

[ihftif; aiGtdrfhudk tJvdk ratmfygeJU ...? tJvkd ratmfygeJU

tpfudk&,f .../ aiGtdrfonf tpfudkUudk rMunhf&JaomaMumifh acgif;iHkU
um rsuf&nfpufrsm; vdrfhqif;usvsuf&Sdonf/
]]uRefr ... bmrS rMuHwwfvGef;vdkU vkyfrdvkyf&m [dk .... [kdav
uRefrrSm .... udk,f0ef&Sdaew,fwJh tpfudk ....}}
]]udk,f0ef ....}}
olUEIwfzsm;rS xdkpum;onf wtHhwMo wdk;wdwfpGm xGufay:
vmNcif;Nzpf\/ olUrsufESmrS a'goawG vGihfNy,fum acsmufcsm;wkef
vIyfrIawG 0ifa&mufvmMuonf/ olonf xaemif;yifudk ausmuyfrSD
&mu a&SUodkUxGufvmNyD; aiGtdrfhudk awGa0pGmMunhfavonf/
]][kwfyghrvm;[if ....}}
aiGtdrfonf olUudk awmif;yefwdk;vQdK;aom tMunhfNzihf r0Hhr&J
Munhfr\
d /
]][kwfygw,f tpfudk ... ausmufrqifu vufonfta':BuD;
wpfa,mufqD oGm;prf;NyD;ygNyD? oHk;v &SdNyDwJh ...tpfudk/ tJ'g uRefr
udk u,fygaemf ..... tpfudk}}
olonf &kwfw&wfrsufeSmysufum tiftm;,kwfavsmhoGm;o
vdkyif csnfheJU,drf;,dkifoGm;\/ ol aiGtdrfhudk rMunhfbJ [kd;cyfa0;
a0;u pufwGif; oHNirf;pifBuD;rsm;udk vSrf;Munhfum wdwfqdwfae\
olr\ udk,f0efudk tpfudk 0rf;ompGmBudKqkdrnf r[kwfrSef;awmh

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

aiGtdrf odygonf/ okdUaomf ,ckvdk pdwfysufEGrf;vspGm rsufESmvTJypf

vdrfhrnf[kawmh rxifcJhrdyg/
ywf0ef;usifonf tBumBuD; wdwfqdwfae\/
cPMumrS olonf ywf0ef;usifudk owd&vmNyD; aiGtdrfhbuf
vSnhfMunfhonf/
]]aiGtdrf ... 'Dem;rSm 'Dvdk&yfaeMuzdkU raumif;bl;? tdrfxJoGm;&
atmif ....? aiGtdrfhazaz tvkyfu NyefvmNyDvm;}}
]][ifhtif;}}
]]vm vm .... tdrfxJ oGm;MupdkU}}
aiGtdrfha&SUrS ol vSnhfxGufoGm;onf/ aiGtdrfonf a&yHk;rsm;udk
xrf;ydk;Nzihf xrf;vsuf tdrfxJodkU o,fcJhonf/ xrf;ydk;Nzwfvsuf pOfh
tdk;xjokdU a&avmif;xnhfaeonfudk olu vSrf;Munhf&if; avSum;
xufMurf;NyifwGif av;yifpGm xkdifcsvdku\ f
]]'Dawmh .... udk,f bmvkyf&rvJ[if}}
aiGtdrfonf olUtem;rSNzwfí tdrfay:odkU wufvdkufNyD; olU
aemufbufu Murf;cif;ay:rSm acGavsmhpGm xkdifcsvdkufonf/ xdkU
aemuf olr\qE´udk cyfNznf;Nznf; zGihfaNymvkdufavonf/
]]'Dawmh .... uRefreJUtpfudk ,lMu&atmif? aemf .... tpfudk}}
]]bm ....}}

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

olUxJrS wtHhwMo tmar!dwftoHonf aiGtdrfh&ifxJokdU euf

&dIif;pGm Nzwf0ifoGm;\/
]]rif;eJUudk,feJU ,l&r,f? b,fNzpfrvJ aiG .... b,fNzpfrvJ}}
aiGtdrfonf cspfolxHrS rarQmfvihfaom Niif;y,frIudkMum;&aom
aMumihf r,Hkedkifavmufatmif wkefvIyfacsmufcsm;oGm;avonf/
]]tpfudk ....}}
]]udk,fhpmar;yGJu ESpfvyJ vdkawmhw,f? tJ'gatmif&if EkdifiHNcm;
udk oGm;NyD; pm;ar;yGJaNz&OD;rSm? tJ'Duatmif&if bdvyfrSm ESpfESpf
ausmif;oGm;wuf&OD;rSm? rif;eJUudk,f ,lvdkuf&if azazu udk,hfudk
bmausmif;p&dwfrS axmufyHhrSmr[kwfawmhbl;/ udk,foifcsifwJhpm
awGudkvJ udk,foifedkifrSm r[kwfawmhbl; ... udk,facG;NzpfNyDaygh?[m
aiGtdrf&,f rif;udk,fudk em;vnfprf;yguGm}}
aiGtdrfonf ol\ pdwfnpfnl;pGm nSdK;EGrf;aeaomrsufESmudk
oem;MuifempGm Munhfr\
d /
]]tpfudk acG; rNzpfygbl;? uRefr tpfudkUudk tvkyfvkyfauR;rSm
aygh? a[m'DvufawGudk Munhf tpfudk ... uRefr BudK;qGJvJvkyfEkdif
w,f? oHwl&Gif;vJ o Ekdifw,f? 'grSr[kwf a&eHaNrrSm aNryJavSmf
a&mif;&rvm;? uGrf;,m a&mif;&rvm;}}
]]awmfyg aiGtdrf&,f ... udk,fwkdUESpfa,mufvHk; tJ'Db0eJU rae
ekdifMuygbl;}}

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

aiGtdrf tenf;i,f a'goxGufoGm;\/

]]aiGtdrfu aeekdifNyD;om;yJ ...tpfudk raeekdifbl;vdkUyJ aNymyg
tpfudk&JU}}
]][kwfw,faiG ... udk,f raeekdifbl;? aiGtdrfvJrae&ygbl;?udk,f
tck BudK;pm;aewm udk,fwpfa,mufwnf;twGuf r[kwfbl;aiGtdrf?
rif;twGufyg ygw,f? rif;eJUudk,hf&JU b0twGuf rif;b0udk rif;
tdyfruf rufMunhfvdkufprf;yg... csrf;omwJh rdef;uav;wpfa,muf
tNzpf tdyfrufrufMunhfvdkufprf;yg? a[mvdk tdrfpkwfuav;eJUr
[kwfbJ tdrfBuD;&ckdifeJU ...? NcH0dkif;BuD;eJU ...? rif;aps;oGm;zdkUZdrfcHum;
BuD;eJU ...? a&TaiG vuf0wf&wemawGeJU ...? t*FvefNzpf yuef;uef
cGufa,muf tpHkvdkuf tpHkvdkufeJU ....? [if aiGtdrf? rif;tdyfruf
rufMunhfprf;yg}}
aiGtdrfu rsufvHk;av;NyL;vsuf olUudk armhMunhfonf/
]]uRefr wpfcgwpfcgawmh pdwful;,Ofzl;ygw,f? a&eHwGif;pm;
olaX;BuD; OD;Nrom&JU acR;rtNzpf ...? a&eHwGif;ydkif&Sifruav; aiG
tdrftNzpf... 'gayr,fh tpfudk&,f ...}}
]][ifhtif; .... rif;[m b,fawmhrS a&eHwGif; ydkif&Sifrav;Nzpf
rSmr[kwfbl;? tJ'gawmh ukd,fowday;vdkufr,f/ aiGtdrf ...rif;eJU
udk,feJU vufxyfwJhaeU[m azazu ukd,hfudk om;tNzpfupGefUvTwf
wJhaeUyJ Nzpfr,f? a&eHwGif; raNymeJU ... a&eHwpfpufawmif udk,fr

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

ydkif&bl;wJh? azaz aNymNyD;om;/ 'gayr,hf aiGtdrf ...tpfudkUukd Munhf

prf;}}
olonf aiGtdrfhar;aphuav;udk vufrNzihf r,lum armhapí
NyHK;Nyvdkufonf/
]]tpfukd bdvyfu Nyefvm&if aiGtdrfhudk vufxyfr,f? tJ'Dtcg
aiGtdrfbmNzpfvmrvJ odvm;? e,fydkif0efaxmufuawmf? ta&;ydkif
uawmfNzpfvmr,f? ta&;ydkifqkdwm aiGtdrfod&JUvm;}}
aiGtdrf rsuf&nfa0hvnfpGm NyHK;\/
]]tkd ... odygw,f tpfudk? ta&;ydkifqkdwm tBuD;BuD;? NrdKUtkyf
awGuawmif aMumuf&wJh {&mryk*dK¾ vfBuD;aygh/ olUum;BuD;u
teufa&mifBuD;av ...}}
ol cyf[[ &,farmonf/
]][kwfw,f tpfudku tJ'Dta&;ydkifBuD; Nzpfvmr,f? aiGtdrfu
ta&;ydkifrif;uawmf Nzpfvmr,f? ukd,fwkdUwpfvudkvcb,favmuf
&rvJ ... rif; cefUrSef;prf;yg}}
aiGtdrfu &Sufpekd;tNyHK;Nzihf pOf;pm;Munhfonf/
]][kd .... oHk;av;&mavmuf &rvm;[if ... tpfudk}}
ol toHxGuf&,farmum aiGtdrfhezl;udk vufnkd;Nzihf tom
awmufvdkuf\/

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

]]wpfaxmihfig;&meJU eSpfaxmihfig;&mMum;rSm &r,f}}

]][m .... wu,f}}
taz wGif;wl;c wpfaeUvQif &SpfyJ wpfusyf&onfh aiGaMu;udk
tqrnfrQyGm;í aNrSmufMunhf&rnf[k aiGtdrf rodawmhay/
]]'Dawmh aiGtdrf tpfudkwkdU r,klao;bJeJU wNcm;enf; pOf;pm;Mu
&atmif .... aemf}}
aiGtdrfonf olUa&SUrSm MuHKUMuHKUav; xkdifvsuf bmenf;rsm;&Sd
ao;vJvdkU pOf;pm;Munfhae\/
]]'Dawmh uRefrwdkU bmvkyfMurvJ tpfudk}}
]]ywf0ef;usif rodrS azazrodbJaerSm aiGtdrf&JU? azazodoGm;
wmeJU wNydkifwnf; udk,hfb0BuD; uRrf;xkd;arSmufcHkNzpfawmhrSm? tck..
tck ... 'Dudpu
ö dk b,folUudk aNymNyD;NyDvJ}}
aiGtdrf rsufvHk;t0dkif;om;Nzihf acgif;,rf;\/
]][ifhtif; ... vufonf;BuD;uvGJvdkU b,folrS rodbl;? taz
vJ rodbl;}}
]]aumif;w,f}}
aiGtdrfonf rdrdwkdU bmvkyfMu&rnfenf; ... [k tpfudkUtm;
arQmfvihfpGm armhMunhfaeonf/

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

]]tJ'DvufonfBuD;qDyJ aiGtdrf NyefoGm; ....? 'Dudk,f0efudkuRefr

wdkU ,lvdkUrNzpfbl;vdkU awmif;yefNyD; olUudk tultnDawmif;aygh}}
]][if? udk,f0efudk ....}}
ol oufNyi;fwpfcsuf &dIufum acgif;idkufpdkuf csvkduf\/
]][kwfw,faiGtdrf ... tJ'DtwGuf vdktyfr,hf aiGaMu;udk reuf
Nzefus pdwfcs&wJhvlwpfa,mufeJU tpfudk ay;ckdif;vdkufr,f}}
]][ihftif; .... uRefr aMumufw,f}}
aiGtdrfhrsufvHk;rsm;wGif rsuf&nfNynhfvQHvm\/ olronf &kwf
w&uf idkrcsekdifavmufatmifyif pdwfusOf;usyfum wkefvIyfaeonf
]]aMumufaevdkU rNzpfbl;av aiG ...? tm;vHk;tqifaNyoGm;
atmifvdkUyg? oHk;v qkdwm bmtaumiftxnfrS &Sdao;wmr[kwf
bl;? bma0'emrSvJ aiGtdrfrcHpm;&ygbl;}}
]]tdk ... [ihftif; [ifhtif; uRefr .... tJvdkrvkyf&Jbl;? tpfudk
uRefrudk &efukefudkac:oGm;ygaemf? tpfudkeJU wpfcgwnf; vdkufcJhcsif
w,f}}
ol vIyfvIyf&Sm;&Sm;NzpfoGm;\/
]][m .... b,fNzpfrvJ aiG&,f? udk,fu ausmif;aqmifrSm ae&
wm/ [dkrSm aiGtdrfhudk ukd,fb,foGm;xm;&rSmvJ ...? aemufNyD; azaz
odoGm;&if ....? aiG tpfudkUpum;udk em;axmifyguGm ... vdr®mprf;yg?
'Dudpö azaz vHk;0odvdkUrNzpfbl; ...}}
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

aiGtdrfonf olUudk&kwfw&ufzufí &dIufBuD;wiif idkcsvdkufav

onf/ olu aiGtdrhfudk,fvHk; uspfuspfuav;udk tomt,mNyefayGU
xm;vsuf pdwfarmyef;pGm yifhouftcgcg &dIufawmhonf/
]]aiGtdrf ... aiGav; tpfudkUpum;udk em;axmifaemf? oHk;eSpfqkd
wm tvGefqHk;yguG,f? oHk;eSpftwGif; udk,fwkdU ydyd&d&d aeoGm;&if&yg
w,f/ 'DMum;xJrSm bmNyóemrS ray:atmif udk,faNymwJhenf;u
tvHkNcHKqHk;yJ? aiGtdrf ... udk,hfudk armhMunhfprf;ygOD;}}
aiGtdrfonf olU&ifcGifrS rsufESmcGmum olUukd0rf;yef;wenf;
armhMunhfonf/
]]udk,faNymovdk vkyfaemf? vkyfr,f r[kwfvm;? udk,f pdwfcsrf;
omatmif vdkufavsmvdkufprf;yg aiGtdrf&,f}}
olr wpfcsuf&dIufiifí acgif;ndwfvdkufonf/
]]aiGtdrf vdr®mr,fqdkwm udk,fodygw,f? aus;Zl;wifvdkufwm
aiGtdrf&,f ... udk,fhbufukd vHk;0pdwfcsaemf? udk,f bdvyfu Nyef
a&muf&if aiGtdrfhudkyJ vufxyfrSm odvm;}}
olr acgif;ndwfvdkufNyefonf/ olu pdwfoufompGm &,farm
vsuf aiGtdrfhqHyifrsm;udk aNzcsay;NyD; NyefxHk;aeSmifay;avonf/
]]wpfckawmh *&kpdkufygaemf aiGtdrf ... udk,fwkdUESpfa,muf NzpfcJh
MuwJhudpö ... tckvdk udk,f0ef&wJhudpö tm;vHk; azazrodatmif xdef;
odrf;ay;yg? azazodoGm;&if udk,faozdkUyJ &Sdawmhw,f .... aemf}}

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

]][kwfuJhygtpfukd ... uRefr em;vnfygNyD}}

emusifaMuuGJpGmyif xdkuwdudk aiGtdrfay;cJhygonf/

xdknü aiGtdrfonf a&SUquf&ifqkdif&rnfh qif;&J'ku©rsm;? vQdKU

0Sufcsufrsm;? wdwfwqdwf tukodkvfrsm;udkawG;awmNyD; tdyfraysmf
ekdifacs/ aiGtdrf yifouf&dIufvsuf [kdbufonfbufapmif;vSnhf
vdkufvQif 0g;Murf;cif;u usdK;usdK;uRduRd NrnfoGm;wwf\/ xkdtcg
tdrfa&SUbk&m;pifatmufrS tazhacsmif;qdk;oHudk Mum;&wwfavonf/
ylyifaomuonf aiGbHkom&Sd t0ga&muf wkduftdrfBuD;odkU
b,fwkef;urS a&mufrvmcJhokvdyif va&mifatmufü NcH0dkif;BuD;wpf
ckvHk; wdwfqdwfNidrfoufaecJh\/ odkUaomf xkdtdrfBuD;wGifvnf; aiG
tdrfhvdkyif tdyfraysmfbJ pdk;&drfxdwfvefUaecJhol wpfa,muf&Sdonf/
rif;acgifonf aiGtdrfhudk pdwfcspGm tdrfNyefcJh&mrS ,cknrSm xkd
taMumif;udk pOf;pm;rdNyefawmh ylyifaomuawG zdpD;vmNyefonf/
'Daumifrav; pdwfrS cs&yghrvm;/ wpfa,mufa,mufrSwpfqihf az
azodoGm;rnfvm;? azazodoGm;vQif .... olonf tawG;udkaMumuf
&GHwkefvIyfpGm qufrawG;&JbJ rsufpdrSdwfxm;vdkufr\ d /
azazodoGm;vQif rdrdESpfaygif;rsm;pGm Budk;pm;cJh&orQ tm;vHk;
oJxJa&oGefovdk ysufpD;oGm;awmhrnnf/ tdyfrufwpfcktaumift
xnfazmfzdkU ESpftenf;i,frQomvdkawmhonfhtcsdefwGif uyfíysuf
pD;oGm;ygurif;acgiftwGuf b0onf&SifvsufESihf aoqHk;&awmhrnf
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

igbmNzpfvkdU 'Davmuf rdkufrJcJhrdygvdrfh .../

olonf tdyf&mrS NAKef;ceJ xxdkifvdkufonf/ tpfr cifrif;ar
\tdyfcef;&Sd&modkU aNcoHzGzGNzihf avQmufvmcJh\/
wHcg;acgufoHoJhoJh Mum;&pOfu cifrif;tdyf&mrS rekd;ao;bJ
tcef;xJ 0ifvmonfhaNcoHudk Mum;&rS ekd;vmonf[k xif\/
]]rr...}}
cifrif;onf rif;acgif\toHudk Mum;awmh NAKef;qkd xxkdifum
acgif;&if;u rD;cvkwf zGihfvdku\
f /
]]bmvJ bmvJ ... oabFmqdyf oGm;&awmhrSmvm; ...? b,fESpf
em&D ...}}
]]&SL; .... wkd;wkd;}}
xkdUaemuf tHhMoaeaom cifrif;\ tem;odkU rif;acgif0ifxkdif
vdkuf\/ pm;yGJwifem&DrS n 11 em&Dukd Nyaeonf/ 'gNzihftapmBuD;
&Sdao;wmaygh/ rif;acgif\rsufvHk;rSm tdyfcsifrl;wl; yHkpHr&Sd? awmuf
yvsuf&Sdonf/ rif;acgif rtdyfao;bl;aygh/
]]rrudk uRefawmf pum;enf;enf;aNymcsifvkdU}}
]]tif...}}
]]uRefawmfwkdU atmufqif;NyD; NcHxJrSm vrf;avQmufMu&atmif}}

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

rif;acgifu wkd;wdk;uav;aNym&if; azazhtcef;&Sd&mokdU em;pGihf

vdkufonf/ onfavmufqkd cifrif; oabmaygufoGm;ygNyD/
wdkuftdrfESihf Nrufcif;Nyifonf va&mifatmufwGif awmufyNym
vJhvsuf &Sdonf/ ESif;rIefrsm; wzGJzGJusae&m cifrif;u rdrduk,frS
taEG;xnfudk aphydwfvsuf vufydkufvdkufaomfvnf; rif;acgifu
awmh ouúvyftusÐ wpfxyfwnf;0wfvsuf csrf;at;onfhtrIt&m
r&Sday/ olwkdUESpfa,muf NcHaxmifhokdU vrf;avQmufvmMuonf/
Nrufcif;\ pdkpGwfaom ESif;puftawGUonf at;pdrfhvsuf&Sdonf/rif;
acgifonf wkduftdrfqDokdU aemufNyefvSnfhMunhfNyD;aemuf cifrif;
tm; cP pdkufMunhfvdkufonf/
]][dkwavmu 'DtdrfukdvmwJh aiGtdrfqkdwJh aumifrav;udk rr
awGUvdkufvm;}}
]]tif; ...}}
]]tJ'Daumifrav;tdrfudk rr odvm;}}
]]tdk ... b,fodrvJ armif}}
]]OD;bcif odw,f? olUudk vdkufydkUckdif;}}
]][if ...}}
cifrif; armifav;udk rsufvHk;t0dkif;om;Nzihf armhMunhfvdku\
f /
]]a[m'D ykdufqHeSpf&mudk olUudk oGm;ay;ay;yg}}

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

ri;facgufu ouúvyftusÐtdwfxJrS aiGpuúLrsm;udk xkwfNyD;

cifrif;vufxJ xnhfvkdufonf/
]]'g .... 'g bmvkyfzdkUvJ}}
]]rr olUudk ay;ay;&rSmav}}
]]'Davmuf aiGtrsm;BuD; rif;b,fu &ovJ}}
ri;facgifu pkwfwpfcsuf oyf\
]]aMomf... ta&;xJrSmAsm? uRefawmhf &efukefausmif;p&dwfxJu
aygh rr&JU}}
]]tkd 'gNzihf aemufvrSm rif;aiGNywfae&if b,hfES,fvkyfrvJ}}
rif;acgifu olUvufpGyfudk cifrif;rsufpda&SU uyfNyonf/
]]tJ'Dtcgus&if 'DpdefvufpGyfudk azsmypfrSmaygh/ tJ'gu ta&;
rBuD;ygbl;? rr 'DaiGawGudk reufNzef olUukdoGm;ay; ay;aemf}}
rif;acgiftoHrSm awmif;yefonfh t&dyftaiGU wpfpufrSryg/
trdefUay;vdk[ef taetxm;rsdK; Nzpfonf/
]]bmNzpfvkdU olUudk 'gawGay;&rSmvJ? taMumif;&if;udk rrod
csifw,f}}
acgif;rmpGm cifrif;ZGwfar;rdonfhtcg rif;acgifuolUvufz0g;
xJodkU vufoD;Nzihf cyfqwfqwfxkd;&if; pkwfwpfcsufowfNyefonf/

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

xkdUaemuf pdwfavQmhvdkufum cifrif;\ ycHk;ESpfzufudk zGzGqkyfudkif

um rsufESmcsif;qkdif taotcsmMunhf\/
]]rr .... uwdwpfck ay;rvm;}}
]]bmuwdvJ}}
]]tck uRefawmfaNymr,fh pum;awGudk azazhudk oGm;raNymzdkU
uwday;}}
cifrif; rsufvHk;NyL;oGm;ygonf/
]]azazu ar;&ifaum}}
]]azazu bmvdkUar;rvJ? rrom oGm;raNym&if azazbmrSar;
rSmr[kwfbl;? tdk ...rNzpfygbl;Asm? 'Dudpu
ö dk rrudkaNymvdkUrNzpfygbl;
awmfMum ....}}
rif;acgifu acgif;udk ukwfzGNyD; wpfzufvSnfhoGm;onf/cifrif;
qHk;Nzwfcsufwpfck csvdku\
f /
]]armifav; ... rruwday;w,f? azazhudk raNymbl;/ armifhrSm&Sd
wJh tcuftcJawGudk rrudk aNymNyyg}}
rif;acgifu cifrif;vufudk qGJNyD; 'ef;av;qDodkU ac:oGm;\/
ESpfa,muftwl xkdifrdMuawmhrS cyfwkd;wkd; zGihfaNymonf/

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

]]'Dudpaö wG azazodoGm;&if uRefawmf ausmif;qufwufvdkUr&

awmhbl;? azazu ausmif;qufrxm;&if uRefawmfvdkcsifwJh tkdifpD
tufpfvJ r&awmhbl; .... rrodygw,faemf}}
]]odygw,f}}
rif;acgifonf cPtm;,laeNyD;rS aNymr,hfaNymawmh wJhwkd;BuD;
aNymcsvdku\f /
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r,ledkifbl;}}
cifrif;\rsufeSm aEG;ceJ yloGm;\/ cifrif; xkdif&mrSzswfceJ x
&yfrdNyD; Nzpfaeonf/ bk&m;a& ....? uRefawmfwkdUwJh .../ aiGtdrf&JU
ukd,f0ef[m armifav;&JUwm0efvdkU armifav;u 0efcHvdkufNyD/ odkU
aomf cifrif;r,Hkcsifyg/ cifrif; cspfvSpGmaom armifav;onf rdef;r
wpfa,mufESihf onfrQ &if;eSD;uRrf;0ifNyD;cJhNyD[k cifrif; r,Hk&ufyg/
armifav;\NzLpifoefU&Sif;rIrsm; b,fwkef;upí aysmufuG,fnpf
EGrf;cJhwmvJ/ armifav;onf cifrif;rodekdifaom a,muFsm;BuD;wpf
a,muf NzpfcJhNyDaygh/
]]tJ'DaiGeJU tJ'Dudpu
ö dk pDpOf&rSm rr? tJ'g aiGtdrfhudk rrwGef;
tm;ay;vdkufygOD;}}
]]'geJUrsm; ... rif;u reufNzef NyefOD;r,f}}
rif;acgifu cifrif;udk armhMunhfonf/

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

]][kwfw,f ... Nyef&r,f rr? azaz r,HkouFmrNzpfcif uRef

awmfNyef&r,f? 'gaMumihf rrudk tultnDawmif;&wmayhg/ rruvGJ
NyD; uRefawmf ,HkMunhf&r,fhol b,folrsm; &SdrSmrkdUvdkU}}
cifrif;onf vdIufceJ 0rf;omMunfel;oGm;\/ onfwpfcg cif
rif;onf armifav;\ tm;udk;rIudkcH&rnfh tpfrBuD;b0okdUa&muf
NyD? tifrwef rmeBuD;vSaom armifav;onf onfwpfcgawmh cif
rif;\ u,fwifrIudk oem;pzG,fyif vdktyfaeNyD/ þtcGihfta&;
onf cifrif;arQmfvihfcJhzl;aom tcGihfta&; Nzpfygonf/
]]'gayr,hf armifhaumifrav;u vlwumavQmufaNym&if azaz
odoGm;OD;r,f? tJ'gqkd&if rrwkdU 'ku©yJ}}
rif;acgifu Nznf;nif;pGm rwfwwf&yfvdkuf\/
]]ol tJ'Davmuf rdkufrSmr[kwfygbl;? ol tJvdkavQmufaNym&if
vJ uRefawmhfbufu cg;cg;oD;oD; Niif;&awmhrSmaygh/ azaz r,HkzdkU
ta&;BuD;w,fav? rr aiGay;wmudk azaz rNrif&Hkrubl;? b,fol
rSudk rodrSNzpfr,f/ awmfMum qufpyfMunhfvdkU vlawG &dyfrdoGm;&if}}
]]at; at; .... rrudk pdwfcsyg? yd&datmif rrMuHyghr,fuG,f}}
]]aus;Zl;wifvdkufwm rr&,f}}
rif;acgifu cifrif;tm; NyHK;í Munhfavonf/

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

(3)

oHk;eSpfavmuf xdef;csKyfxm;&rnfh aiGtdrfhvQdKU0Sufcsufrsm;onf

aemufwpfaeU eHeufcif;rSmyif yGihftefNydKvJoGm;cJhonf/
eHeufcif; tazhtwGuf xrif;Burf;udk yJNyKwfESihf aMumfaepOfrSm
yif aiGtdrfrl;a0um ysdKUtefawmh\/ [kdpOfuawmh rdrd rlysufaeonf
udk tazrodatmif tazha&SUrSm wwfekdiforQ xdef;csKyfí &cJ\ h /
onfwpfBudrfrSmawmh 0rf;xJu a0'emudk rdrd b,fvdkrS rxdef;ekdif
awmhay/ tdrfa&SUodkU uref;uwef; qif;aNy;onfhtckdufrSmyif aiG
tdrf rdkufceJ rl;vJoGm;cJhonf/ acR;ap;rsm;Nzihf at;pufum NzLazsmh
oGm;aom orD;Nzpfoltm; pdk;&drfwBuD; ayGU,lvkdufonfh tazonf
vdr®myg;eyfpGmyif xdwfvefUwMum; oHo, 0ifoGm;avonf/
]]aiGtdrf ... eif bmNzpfaeovJ? bmNzpfcJhovJqkdwm ighukd
aNyprf;}
aiGtdrf wwfekdiforQ Niif;y,fzkdU BudK;pm;onf/ okdUaomfavmu
rSm rdbtay: om;ord;onf b,fawmhrQ vdrfnmí ryd&dekdifay/
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

]]eifu ighudk acG;wpfaumifavmufawmif *&krpdkufbl;aygh? eif

Nzpfcsifovdk NzpfcJhNyD;NyDayhg? [if .... aiGtdrf}}
aiGtdrfonf rsuf&nfrusatmif ZGwfxdef;vsuf vHk;0Niif;y,fcJh
\/
]]taz bmawG aNymaewmvJ? uRefr bmrSrNzpfbl;/ tdyfa&;
ysuf&if 'DvkdyJ rl;wmyJ}}
tazonf aiGtdrfhaNczsm; vufzsm;rsm;udk prf;BunhfNyD; w&m;cH
ppfovdk ppfar;cJhonf/
]]b,foleJU NzpfwmvJ? b,favmufMumNyDvJ}} xdkar;cGef;udk
xyfumxyfum ar;NyD; aiGtdrfhxHrS taNzr&aomtcg olU[mol
aumufcsufcsvdkufonf/
]]olaX;&JUom; [kdaumvdyfausmif;om;taumif r[kwfvm;/
eifwkdUeSpfa,muf rsufeSmt&dyftuJawGudk igodw,f}}
xkdtcgusrS aiGtdrfonf tpfudkUynma&;twGuf? aiGtdrfwkdU
b0twGuf tausmuftuef Niif;&avonf/
]]taz&,f ...olaX;om;Mum;oGm;&if uRefrwdkUudk vmowfaeyg
vdrfhr,f? MuHMuHzefzef oleJU uRefr pum;awmif [[raNymzl;wm}}
]]'gNzihf b,folvJ}}
aiGtdrfonf aNymrdaNym&m avmuBuD;rSm &Sdr&Sd raocsmaomem
rnfwpfckudk aNymí *sKyfyif&Gmom;NzpfaMumif; vdrfvdkufonf/
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

]]at; .... tck eifhaumif b,frvJ? eihfudk xm;cJhNyDr[kwfvm;}}

aiGtdrfh rsuf&nfawG cef;aNcmufoGm;csdefwGif tazhrsuf&nfus
avonf/
]]'Dudpö uRefr tpDtpOf&Sdygw,f taz...? taz at;at;aq;
aq;aeyg? orD;twGuf taz t&Sufr&ap&ygbl;}}
]]bm}} tazu 0kef;ceJ x&yfvdku\
f / aiGtdrfhudk aNcaxmufESihf
uef&ef &G,fNyD;rS ....
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&SdawmhwmyJ}} [k idkoHygaom a'gooHNzihf atmf[pfvdkufavonf/
aiGtdrfhudk,f0efudpo
ö nf tazhtwGuf &Sufpdwf? a'gopdwfESihf
emMunf;pdwfwkdU cHpm;ap&rnf[kom aiGtdrfodcJhonf/ þudpö
aMumihf tazhtoufukd qHk;&IH;xdckduf&vdrhfrnf[kawmh olr vHk;0xif
rxm;cJhacs/ vlawGonf t&Sufukd toufeSihfvJoGm;wwfonf[l
aom pum;udk aiGtdrfBum;zl;\/ okdUaomf tazaooGm;Ncif;rSm
tazht&Sufudk toufeSihfvJoGm;Ncif;yJvm; ... aiGtdrf twdtus
roday/
aeUv,fa&mufawmh taztvkyfem;csdefwGif pm;zdkU xrif;csdKihf
uav; oGm;ydkUaomtcg tazwGif;xJqif;&ef Nyifaeonfudk aiGtdrf
Nrif&ao;\/ tazhcg;wGif BudK;pawG csnfaESmifxm;onf/ tazh
tm; xdef;xm;aomBudK;ukd wGif;xdef; bBuD;odef;u xdef;udkifxm;
onf/ xkdBudK;pt&Snfudk BudK;qGJ tvkyforBuD;rsm;u wef;pDíudkif
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

xm;onf/ tppt&m&monf yHkrSeftwdkif; Nzpfonf/ BudK;pt&Snfudk

Nrif&oavmuf cefUrSef;&onfrSm ayoHk;av;&mavmufawmh a&muf
aeNyD/
]]BudK;pm;vdkufMupdkUa[h? onfuaeU wGif;aygufzdkUyJ}}
bBuD;odef;u tm;vHk;ukd atmf[pfBuHK;0g;vsuf tm;ay;onf/
tJ'gvnf; xHk;pHygbJ/ aiGtdrfonf xrif;csdKifhuav; vufrSmqGJ
vsuf tazhtem; oGm;&yfrdonf/ tazhtm; awmif;yefaom rsufeSm
xm;Nzihf armhMunhfawmh tazu aiGtdrfhtm; pl;pl;&J&J pdkufMunhfaecJh
onf/ tazhar;aMumBuD;awG axmifvmvsuf tHwif;wif;Budwf
vdkufwmudkawmh aiGtdrfNrifom;yJ? taz rsufESmvTJNyD; wGif;xJqif;
oGm;csdefwGif aiGtdrfonf xHk;pHr[kwfaom 0rf;enf;tm;i,frIudk cH
pm;vdkuf&onf/
]]taz ....}}
olr\toHonf &ifxJrSmyif aysmufuG,foGm;\/ rsufpd
atmufrS tazaysmufoGm;onf/ onfwkef;uawmh tazhtMunhf
onf aemufqHk;tMunhf Nzpfvdrfhrnf[k aiGtdrfrxifcJhrday/ xrif;
csdKihfuav;udk xaemif;yif yifpnfcGMum;rSm xm;vsuf tazNyef
wufvmrnfh wGif;&Sd&mokdU vSrf;MunhfaecJhrdonf/
wGif;eufvmaomtcg wGif;xJrSm "mwfaiGUawG xGufaewwf
onf/ xkd"mwfaiGUonf vlUtoufukd tEÅ&m,fNzpfapwwfaom
aMumihf wGif;wl;orm;rsm;onf wGif;xJrSm MumMumraeekdifMuay/
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

wl&Gif;Nzihf av;ig;q,fcsufwl;NyD;aemuf olUudkqGJwif&efatmufrS

BudK;pNzifh tcsufay;&onf/ xkdtcg wGif;xdef;eSihftwl BudK;qGJrsm;
u cyfa0;a0;odkU BudK;udk cGefESihftm;ESihf qGJaNy;&avonf/ xdkwGif;
wl;orm; wGif;ay:a&mufvQif aemufwGif;wl;orm;u atmufudk
qif;&onf/ tJonfvdkyif tvSnfhus wl;&\/
taz cPMumvQif wGif;ay:Nyefa&mufvmrnf[k aiGtdrfarQmf
vihfxm;aomfvnf; tazonf vdktyfwmxuf ydkíMumae\/ pkd;&drf
pdwfNzihf xihfceJNzpfoGm;onfhtckdufrSm cPuav;omMumonf/ xkd
cPuav;twGif;wGif aiGtdrfb,fvdkrS arQmfvihfrxm;aom tNzpf
wpfck NzpfysufoGm;cJh\/ aiGtdrfhrsufpdatmufwGif wGif;0ü vlawG
&kwf&kwfoJoJNzpfoGm;Mu\/ aiGtdrfonf NAKef;ceJ wGif;bufodkUaNy;
vmrd\/ xkdtcsdefwGif BudK;qGJrsm;onf BudK;pudk aiGtdrf&Sd&modkU
xdwfvefUwMum; qGJaNy;vmonf/
]][Jh aumifrav; eihftaz ..... eifhtaz ...}}
olwdkUpum; rqHk;wmvm;? aiGtdrf em;raxmifvdkufwmvm;rod
aiGtdrfonf wGif;0okdUa&mufvQif wGif;xJrS BudK;wef;vef;Nzihf acG
acgufum ygvmaom tazhudk awGUvdkuf&onf/
]]taz ...}}
usefwGif;wl;rsm;ESihf bBuD;odef;wkdUu tazhudk 0dkif;ayGUum BudK;
NzKwf,lMuonf/

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

tazhZufonf vdrfvsuf&Sd\/ aiGtdrf tazhtem; aNy;oGm;NyD;

tazhvufudk vSrf;qkyfudkifvdkufonf/ taz\wpfukd,fvHk; rTefxl
aeatmif "mwfaiGUapmfeHaeonf/
]]taz ... taz ...}}
taz vHk;0rvIyfekdifawmhyg/ bBuD;odef;u tazhudk opfyif&dyf
okdUac:oGm;&ef trdefUay;onfhtcg vl 4-5a,muf 0dkif;ayGUNyD; ,yf
cwfolucwf? eSmacgif;0odkU oHy&moD;uyfolu uyfNzihf 0kdif;0ef;NyK
pk&if; t&dyf&Sd&m ac:oGm;onf/ aiGtdrfonf toufr&Iwpfcsuf? &I
wpfcsuf owdvpfaeaom tazhtm; awGawGBuD;Munhf&if; Nzpfysuf
oGm;onfh tNzpftysufudk em;vnfatmif BudK;pm;ae&onf/ bBuD;
odef;uawmh olUwm0efruif;ovdk Nzpfaeí aoG;&l; aoG;wef;aNz
&Sif;aeonf/
]]'Dvlu bmtcsufrS rNybl;As .... usKyfvJ oltcsufNywmudk
apmihfaewmyJ}}
aiGtdrf tazhtem;wGif 'l;axmufcsvdkufNyD;aemuf rsuf&nfpuf
rsm; wpfvdrfhcsif; vdrfhqif;usvmavonf/
]]aq;q&m ac:&if aumif;r,fAs}}
]]aq;&HkydkU&if aumif;r,f? olaX;qDudk taMumif;Mum;prf;}}
]]OD;pHNrihf ...... OD;pHNrihf...}}

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

]]'Dvl wpfckckeJU xdckdufrdNyD; owdvpfoGm;vdkUrsm; BudK;rvIyfekdif

awmhwmvm;}}
]]xdckdufp&m bmrSr&Sdbl;As? usKyfqif;wl;wkef;uawmh acsmvdkUyJ
"mwfaiGUeHUuawmh rTefaewmyJAsdKU}}
]]wGif;zrf;vdkufwm Nzpfr,f? usKyfwkdU rkefUNzL rkefUeDwifwJhaeUu
ukdpHNrihfBuD; rvmbl;av}}
]]aMomf .... rvS&ifES,f}}
wp[fa,mufwpfayguf toHrsm;tMum;rS aysmhacGpGm owdvpf
aeaom tazhudk aiGtdrfzufí &dIufBuD;wiif idkcsvdkufawmhonf/
tazbmaMumihf onfvdkNzpfwmvJ? taz bmaMumifh BudK;pudkrqGJ
wmvJ? aiGtdrf rawG;&Jayr,hf awG;vdkufrdNyD/ aiGtdrfonf bmudkrQ
rwwfekdifawmhonfhb0rSm &dIufíom idkaeawmhonf/
cPMumawmh olwkdUtm;vHk; aiGtdrfhudk qGJxlMuonf/ xkdU
aemuf aiGtdrf rMum;0HhqHk; pum;udk aiGtdrfhtm; cyfwkd;wkd;aNymMu
onf/
]]toufr&Sdawmhygbl; .....}}
aysmhacGaeaom tazhudk aiGtdrf xdwfvefUacsmufcsm;pGm pdkuf
Munhfaerdonf/
taz bmvkyfvdkufw,fqkdwm olrsm;rodayr,hf aiGtdrfod
w,ftaz/
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

tu,fíom udkrif;acgifESihf Nzpfonfhudpu ö dk trSeftwkdif;zGihf

aNymcJhvQif taz toufaoqHk;csifrS qHk;vdrfhrnf[k awG;MunhfNyD;
aiGtdrfrSm;oGm;ovm;[k aemifw&rdonf/ aiGtdr\ f rdkufNypfudk aiG
tdrfcHzdkU tqifoihf&SdcJhonf/ okdUaomf olr\trkduf'Pfudk ,ckvkd
tazu 0ifNyD;cH,loGm;vdrhfrnf[k aiGtdrf wpfcgrS rawG;cJhzl;acs/
tckawmh aiGtdrf bmqufvkyf&rSmvJ/ aiGtdrf qufvuf
touf&SifzdkU cGeftm;awG b,frSmvJ/ aiGtdrf b,folUtwGufquf
NyD; touf&Sif&rSmvJ? bmtwGuf qufNyD; touf&Sif&rSmvJ/
aiGtdrfonf vlpkvla0;rS a0;&modkUNAKef;ceJ xGufaNy;avonf/
&kwfw&ufaMumifaeaom a&eHwGif; tvkyform;rsm;onf cPMum
awmhrS owd&vmNyD; aumifrav;aemuf taNy;vdkufMuonf/ aiG
tdrfonf awmifBudKawmifMum; a&eHpifrsm;Mum;rS auGUywfNyD;
OD;wnf&mrJh aNy;vTm;ae\/ oHNirf;pifBuD;rsm;ukd ausmfNzwfcJhonf/
a&eHavSmifuefrsm;ukd ausmfNzwfcJhonf/ vufwGif;rsm;pGm ausmf
NzwfcJhonf/ xkdtcg uwÅ&mvrf;ray:odkUa&mufonf/ okdUaomf aiG
tdrfonf tenf;i,frQ em;Ncif; r&Sd? aNcOD;wnfh&mokdU aNy;vTm;vsuf
&Sdonf/ 0gh'fqGefvrf;twkdif; raNy;bJ a&TbHkom&yfuGufvrf;qDodkU
aNy;avonf/ vr;fray:rSm tNyif;armif;vmaom um;BuD;wpfpD;
onf aiGtdrhfudkNrifawmh b&dwftkyfvdkuf&onf/ um;BuD;onf bD;
yGwfwdkufoH qlnHpGmNzihf &yfwefUoGm;\/
rdrdukd,fcE¨mtm; um;BuD;u eif;NzwfroGm;aomtcg aiGtdrf
onf ae&mrSm wpfcP awGa0pGm &yfaeao;\/ um;ay:u'&dkif
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

bmqif;vmonfudk Nrifonfhtcsdef? aemufrS vlpkvla0;u vSrf;ac:

azsmif;zsoHudk Mum;csdef .... xdktcgusrS rdrda&SUqufaNy;&OD;rnf[k
owd&oGm;onf/ xkdUaemuf aiGtdrf aNy;Nyefavonf/

aiGtdrfhxHokdU naeusrSoGm;vQif tdrfrSm olUtazESifhygawGU&rSm

pdk;oNzihf aeUcif;oGm;zdkU pdwful;NyD;aemuf cifrif; a&apmapmxcsdK;\
oeyfcg;a&usJ yg;yg;uav;vl;NyD;aemuf tuÐsESihfxbDudk a&G;ae
csdefrSmyif aNcoHNyif;Nyif;Nzihf azaz tcef;wHcg;a&SUodkU a&mufvmNyD;
wHcg;acgufonf/
]]cifrif; .... azaz wGif;bufudk cPoGm;&r,f? tvkyform;
wpfa,muf rawmfwqNzpfvdkUwJh/ orD; tdrfwHcg;awGydwfNyD; apmihf
Munhfvkduf? Mum;vm;}}
cifrif;onf 0wfawmhrnfhtusÐudk ukd,frSmuyfMunhfaeNyDaemuf
tenf;i,f tvdkrusNzpfoGm;&mu ][kwfuJhazaz} [k atmfvdkuf&\
azazxGufoGm;&ef aNcvSrf;ESpfvSrf; vSrf;NyD;rS toHNyKNyefonf/
]]aMomf ... NzpfwJhtvkyform;u OD;pHNrihfwJh? [kdaumifrav;
tazyJ}}
cifrif;udk,frS tuÐsuav; avQmceJ atmufokdUusoGm;\/&kwf
w&uf vefUzsyfoGm;ygonf/ OD;pHNrihf ... [kdaumifrav;taz/ cif
rif;ckwifay:rSm wkefvIyfpGm xkdifcsvdkufonf/ tvkyform;wpf
a,muf rawmfwq xdckduf'Pf&m&wm a&eHwGif;awGtwGuf rqef;
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

yg/ xdckduf'Pf&m&olu OD;pHNrihfNzpfaewmvnf; rqef;yg/ okdUaomf

tazu bmNzpfvkdU cifrif;udk onftaMumif; xnhfaNymoGm;&ygo
vJ .../ cifrif;eSifh rif;acgif\ tMuHtpnfawGudk azazodaeNyD[k
oG,f0kduftoday;vdkonfrsm;vm;/
cifrif;onf bmqufvkyf&rSef; rodatmif pdwf"mwfusoGm;yg
onf/
tdk ... 'gwkdufqkdifwmyg/ azaz bmvdkUod&rSmvJ/ odp&mt
aMumif;rS r&Sdwm/ aiGtdrfhzcif xdcdkuf'Pf&m&Ncif;onf cifrif;wkdU
armifeSrtwGuf tcGifhta&;yifNzpfonf/ xdcdkuf'Pf&m&oltm; cif
rif;wkdU u&kPmaMu;ay;aeus r[kwfvm;/ aiGtdrfhvufxJodkU u&k
PmaMu; oGm;xnhf&if; armifav;\ydkufqHudkyg a&may;vQifaumif;
rnf/ b,fol &dyfrdrSmvJ/
cifrif;onf pdwf"mwwufBuGoGm;NyD; tuÐsvHkcsnfudk pdwfyg
vufyg vJvdku\ f / *syefydk;aysmhtuÐs MuufOESpfa&mifESihf teufcH
ay:rSm MuufOESpfa&mif yef;cufygonhf zJvHkcsnfudk 0wfvdkufonf/
tif; ... odyfawmufyoGm;rvm;/ cifrif; vHkcsnfudk NyefvJvdku\ f /
eDndka&mif uwDÅygvHkcsnf cyfrdIif;rdIif;udkom 0wfvdkufonf/
azazhum; xGufoGm;csdefwGif cifrif; vomaqmifbufodkUxGuf
vmcJh\/ azazhum; Nyeffvmonftxd apmihf&rnfrSm aocsmonf/
azazu cifrif;udk u&kPmaMu; oGm;ay;ckdif;vQif aumi;frSmyJ/odkU
aomfa&eHaNr tvkyfudprö SeforQ cifrif; bmwpfckrQ rodcJhzl;?
raqmif&GufcJhzl;aomaMumifh cifrif;oGm;&rSm r[kwfyg/ bmyJNzpfNzpf
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

OD;BuD;bciftm; rdrdukdyg ac:oGm;&ef wdk;wdk;wdwfwdwf rSmxm;&rnf

azazar;vQifawmh wGif;BuD;rif;pkxJu rcifat;wdkUtdrf oGm;rnf[k
aNym&rSmaygh/ OD;BuD;bcifudkawmh uav;rav;[m oem;p&mrkdUvkdY
u&kPmaMu;ay;&if; ESpfodrfhvdkygonf[k aNym&rSmayhg/
udk,fhtawG;udk ukd,fauseyfoGm;aomaMumihf ywf0ef;usifESihf
wpfcP tqufNywfaeaom cifrif;aronf NcH0if;a&SUodkU rdef;u
av;wpfa,muf armBuD;yef;BuD; aNy;vmaeonfukd csufcsif;rNrif
vdkuf/ cifrif;NrifvdkufonfhtcsdefwGif rdef;uav;onf Nrpfurf;yg;
bufokdU aNcOD;wnfaeNyD/ okdUaomf rdef;uav;udk cifrif;oJoJuGJuGJ
Nrif&onf/ cifrif;wpfoufrSm b,fawmhrQ rarhekdifawmhrnf &kyf
&nfNzifh xdkrdef;uav;udk cifrif; csufcsif; rSwfrdvkdufygonf/
]]aiGtdrf ...}}
cifri;f wkd;wkd;uav; a&&Gwfr\
d /
aiGtdrf\ qHyifrsm;aNyavsmhum avNzihf zGm&musJae\/ Nrpf
urf;yg;rSavaMumifh aiGtdr\
f cyfwkdwkd xbDrSm zswfceJ zswfceJvGifh
aeonf/ aumifrav;onf onftdrfbufokdU vHk;0vSnhfrMunhfay/
rdrdwdkUxH tultnDvmawmif;onf [laom xifNrifcsufukd cifrif;
csufcsif; z,fxkwfvdkuf&\/ ol rdrdwkdUxH vmNcif; r[kwfyg/ xkdU
Nyif ol b,folUxHodkUrS oGm;aeNcif;r[kwfyg/ olU tm&HkwGifbmrS&Sd
ae[efrwlyg/ xkdUNyif olUa&SUü tdrfaNc[lí r&Sd ...bmrSr&Sd? acsmuf
urf;yg;BuD;awGom &Sdaeonfqkdwmvnf; ol odyHkr&yg/ okdUr[kwf
ol *&kpdkufrnhfyHk r&yg/
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

]][ifhtif; ..... rvkyfeJU}}

tus,fBuD; atmfvdkufrdonf[k xifrdaomfvnf; wu,fawmh
cifrif;EIwfzsm;rS wkd;wkd;uav;om xGufoGm;Ncif;Nzpfonf/ aiGtdrf
uawmh r&yfrem; aNy;aeqJ....../
cifrif;onf &kwfw&uf vufzsm;aNczsm;awG at;pufum &if
wvSyfvSyfckefvsuf atmufxyfokdU w'dkif;'dkif; aNy;qif;oGm;\/
qif0ifavSum;xpfrsm;rS 'a&maomyg; aNy;qif;xGufvm&m aemuf
bufrS a':av;u ]rcifrif; ... b,fvJ} [kar;oHudk raNzekdifcJhay/
cifrif;NcHa&SUokdU ra&mufrD aiGtdrfhaemufrS vkdufvm[ef&Sdaom vl
oHk;av;a,muf NzwfaNy;oGm;Muwm Nrif&onf/
bk&m; .... bk&m; aiGtdrf&,f ... toufwpfacsmif;qdkwm &cJyg
bdNcif;/
okdUaomf csufcsif;yif cifrif;udk,hfudk,fudk oa&mfavSmifaNymifrd
\/ nwkef;uyif armifav;ESihf cifrif; tNypfrJhuav;av;udk zsuf
qD;owfNzwfzkdU oabmwlpGm wkdifyifcJhMuao;onf r[kwfvm;/ aiG
tdrfhtoufudkawmh uav;toufvkd bmNzpfvdkU aoG;at;at;Nzifh
tqHk;rowfapekdif&rSmvJ/ oGm;ygap ... acsmufurf;yg; tpGef;xd
oGm;ygap .../
aiGtdrfonf onfvdk b0tqHk;owfoGm;vQif armifav;\
ynma&;rSm taeSmifht,Sufr&Sd? pdk;&drfaMumihfMurI uif;uif;eSifh...

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

[ihftif; r[kwfbl? rif; rao&bl; .../ tkd rif;uav;vnf; rao

ap&ygbl;/
cifri;fonf vltkyfESifhtwla&mí aNy;vTm;vdkufygoGm;onf/
acsmufurf;yg;pGef;rS NrifuGif;onf aoG;at;at;Nzihf rMunhf&J
p&myifNzpf\/ rd;efuav;onf acsmufurf;yg;pGef;wGif rwfrwf&yf
aeonf/ olraemufrS vltkyfonf qlnHae&mrS wdwfqdwfoGm;\/
aNy;vTm;ae&mrS &yfum r0Hhr&J wkdif;qaom aNcvSrf;rsm;nzihf rod
rom vSrf;Muavonf/
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wdkU &Sdygao;w,fuG,f? rif; bmrS tm;i,fp&m rvdkygbl; ...}}
bk&m; .... bk&m; 'gNzihf aiGtdrfhtaz .../ cifrif;\ ausmxJrSm
pdrfhceJ NzpfoGm;onf/
ur;fyg;pGef;rS aiGtdrfonf &kwfw&uf onfbufodkUvSnhf&yf
vdkuf\/ aiGtdrf\ [eftrIt&mrSm tndSUcHxm;&olwpfa,mufyrm
aMumifpDpD Nzpfaeonf/ aiGtdrfonf cifrif;MunhfaepOfrSmyif aemuf
okdU wpfvSrf;qkwfvdku\ f / cifri;fyg;pyfudk vuf0g;Nzihf tkyfydwf
um vTwfceJ atmfvdkufrdonf/ tem;u vltkyfxJrS a0gceJtoH
xGufvmonf/ aiGtdrfonf ,cktcg aemufxyf aNcwpfvSrf;pm
qkwf&ef aNrae&m rusefawmhacs/
cifrif;onf &kwfw&uf qHk;NzwfvdkufNyD; a&SUokdU wdk;xGufvdkuf
\/
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

]]nDrav; .... aiGtdrf ...}}

aiGtdrfonf cifrif;&Sd&modkU aMumifaMumifBuD; vSrf;Munhfonf/
cifrif;onf b0rSm taEG;axG;qHk;? tcsdKomqHk; tNyHK;udk BudK;pm;NyHK;
,lí aiGtdrf&Sd&mokdU Nznf;nif;pGm avQmufoGm;vdkufonf/
]]rrukd rif; rSwfrdygw,faemf ...}}
aiGtdrfhrsufvHk;rSm; wpfcsuf vufceJawmufyoGm;\/
]]rif; 'Dvdkrvkyf&bl; rif; aovkdU rNzpfbl;av...? rif;touf
&SifaerSNzpfrSmaygh? bmaMumihfvJqkdwm rif; odovdk? udk,fvJodae
w,f}}
aiGtdrfonf awGa0pGm rsufawmif wpfcsufeSpfcsuf cwfvdkuf
\/
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vm;[if? rrqDudk vmcJhyg}}
aiGtdrfu EGrf;vspGmNyHK;vdkufonf/ olr\tNyHK;udk Nrif&aomt
cg cifrif; vdIufceJ aysmf&TifoGm;\/ vGefcJhaom em&D0uftcsdefumv
txd þrdef;uav;onf rdrdtwGuf olpdrf;wpfa,mufom NzpfcJ\ h
tenf;i,f rESpfNrdKUzG,f&m? tenf;i,f remvdkp&m NzpfcJhao;\/
,cktcg þrdef;uav;onf rdrdwGuf nDrt&if;uJhodkU &if;ESD;&rnfh
oli,fcsif;wpfa,muf NzpfoGm;NyD/ rdrdwkdUESpfa,mufonf rnfolrQ
rarQmfrSef;zl;onfh aygif;pyfrIrsdK;Nzihf wpfom;wnf; aygif;pyfoGm;cJhNyD
þrdef;uav;i,f\ aoG;onf rdrd\aoG;[k cHpm;ae&NyD? þrdef;u
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

av;i,f\ toufonf rdrd\toufyifNzpfonf/ þrdef;uav;

i,f\ xdckdufemusifrIonf rdr\
d xdckdufemusifrIyifNzpfonf/ 4if;
twGuf vHkavmufaom oufaowpfckvnf; rdef;uav;udk,fcE¨m
wpfae&m&mwGif &SdaeNyD r[kwfvm;/ armifav;rif;acgif\ aoG;
onfvnf; rdr\d aoG;yJNzpfavonf/
]]vm ... nDrav;}}
xkdUaemuf aiGtdrfonf cifrif;&Sd&mokdU wGefUqkwfaom aNcvSrf;
rsm;Nzifh r0Hhr&J wkd;uyfvmonf/ armyef;rI? aMuuGJrIwkdUNzihf wqwf
qwf wkef,ifaeaom rdef;uav;\ udk,fcE¨mukd vSrf;ayGU,lvdkuf
onfhtcg cifrif; rsuf0ef;rS rsuf&nfwpfpuf vdrfhqif;usoGm;\/

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

(4)

xdktcsdefrSpí b0tawGUtMuHKenf;ygvsuf pmtkyfrsm;udk zwf

&IavhvmNyD; pmtkyfxJu b0awGudkom &if;eSD;cJh&aom txufwef;
pm; rdef;rwpfa,mufonf pm[lí r,fr,f&& rzwfzl;bJ b0t
awGUtMuHKawGudk toufeSihfrvdkufatmif trsdK;pHkawGUMuHKNzwfoef;cJh
&aom atmufwef;pm; rdef;rwpfa,mufESihf &if;ESD;cspfcifoGm;cJhonf
olwkdUESPfa,mufonf wpfb0pD oD;oefUqufvuf&yfwnfMu&
rnf[k olwkdUESpfa,muf xifcJhonf/ wu,fawmh trsdK;orD;ESpf
a,mufonf wpfckwnf;aom b0udk aNcvSrf; vSrf;vdkufMuNyD[k
rMumrDrSmyif odvdkufMu\/
e*dkrlvu &ifaoG;ESihfywfowfí pOf;pm;qHk;Nzwfxm;orQawG
onf bmaMumifhtvGJvGJ tacsmfacsmf NzpfoGm;MuovJ[k olwkdUukd,f
wkdif taotcsmrod/ okdUaomf aocsmonfuawmh ESpfa,mufvHk;

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

wGif &ifaoG;eSihfywfoufí wpfNydKifwnf;? wpfcsdefwnf; oabm

xm;aNymif;vJ oGm;MuNcif;Nzpfonf/
]]'Duav; touf&Sifaeap&r,f}}
xkdtawG;onf rdef;rESpfa,muftm; Nyif;NypGm vTrf;rdk;xm;onf
Nzpf&m uav;eSihfywfoufí rdrdwdkU\ vIrIa&;? *kPfodu©m oefUpif
rI ponfht&mrsm;udk pGefUvTwfypfy,fzkdUyif 0efrav;awmhay/
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0efv&ifhvmonhftcg yif;0&GmbufrS cifrif;wkdU todrdwfaqGtdrf
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tcHpum;qkdíNzpfap cifrif;arG;pm;rnf/ rif;acgif bdvyfuNyefvm
NyD; aiGtdrfeSihfvufxyfonfhtcg cifrif;u olwkdUeSpfa,mufxHokdU
uav;udk vTJaNymif;ay;vdkufrnf/ xdktpDtpOfNzihf ESpfa,mufvHk;
pdwfayghyg;oGm;Muonf/
okdUaomf avmuwGif rdrdwkdUonf vHk;0rxifrSwfaom aMumuf
rufzG,f tHhMorIawGudk rMumcP &&Sdekdifaumif;onf[k qifNcif&ef
olwkdU arhavsmhxm;cJhMuavonf/
taz aoqHk;NyD; eSpfvavmuftMum tazaoqHk;cJhonfhtcsdef
vmufrSmyif xdktNzpftysuf NzpfyGm;cJh&onf/ rrcifar\ ]]a&eHyHk;
awG rr&bl;}} [krSmxm;csuft& aiGtdrfonf tav;tyifbmypönf;
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

rSrrcJhwmMumNyD/ a&eHavSmif&eftwGuf a&eHwGif;teD;rSm aNrBuD;udk

usif;wl;NyD; o&dk;udkifonfh tvkyfudkawmh olr 0ifa&mufulnDvkyf
udkifcJ\h / wGif;0okdU qGJwifNyD;aom a&eHyHk;rsm;udk vSrf;qGJNyD; a&eH
avSmifuef aNrwGif;xJodkU a&eHavmif;xnhfonfh tvkyfuawmh oef
rmonfh a,muFsm;BuD;rsm;\tvkyfom Nzpfonf/ aiGtdrf þtvkyf
rsdK;udk vkyfvnf; rvkyfekdif? b,fa,muFsm;om;awGurQvnf; rdef;r
awGudk rvkyfckdif;cJhay/ odkUaomf tydk0ifaiG&atmif a&eHxrf;onfh
tvkyfudkawmh tcgtm;avsmfpGm 0ifa&mufvkyfukdifrdonf/ wGif;eSihf
cyfa0;a0;u vSnf;oGm;vrf;aMumi;fay:rSm &yfxm;onfh vSnf;qD
okdU a&eHyHk;awG xrf;oGm;&onfhtvkyfrSm rdkif0ufavmufa0;onfh a&
bHkbdkifrSa&ukd yHk;eSpfyHk;Nzihf xrf;NyD; tdrfta&muf o,f&oavmuf
b,fwkef;urS ryifyef;cJhay/
okdUaomf xkdaeUuawmh yifyef;cJh&HkrQru cGeftm;yif rusefawmh
bl;[k xifrdonf/ eSpfacgufxrf;ydkUNyD;onfhaemuf wGif;bufodkUNyef
twufwGif aiGtdrf rkdufceJrl;a0um vJusoGm;\/ wdrfxlxyfaom
rdk;aumif;uifNymNymonf olr rsufeSmqDokdU &kwfw&uf eD;uyfNydK
qif;vmNyD;onhfaemufwGif aiGtdrf owdvpfoGm;cJhonf/
rdepfydkif;rQ owdvpfoGm;onfhtcsdefumvuav;twGif; avm
uonf vHk;0aNymif;vJoGm;cJh\/ aiGtdrhftm; 0dkif;MunhfaeMuaom
rdef;rrsm;? a,muFsm;rsm;\ rsufESmonf xl;qef;ae\/ [kdwkef;u
rsufeSmrsm;yif Nzpfaomfvnf; aNymif;vJoGm;aom rsufvHk;rsm;aMumifh
olwkdUrsufeSmrsm;uyg aNymif;vJaeonf/ xkdrsufESmrsm;onf aiGtdrfh
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

twGuf olpdrf;NyifNyifrsufeSmrsm; NzpfaeMuonf/ olwdkUrsufvHk;rsm;

wGif [kdwkef;uvdk aEG;axG;rI? MuifemrI? u&kPmoufrI? cifrif&dkif;
yif;rIwkdU vHk;0 r&SdawmhbJ 4if;t&mrsm;tpm; tHhMorI? rESpfNrdKUrI?
txifao;pufqkwfrI? a&Smifz,fpdrf;um;vdkrIwkdU 0ifa&mufaeMuNyD
Nzpfonf/ þrdepfydkif; tcsdefumvtwGif; olr\b0onf vltrsm;
a&SUarSmufrSm azmufxGif;Nrifekdifaom t&mwpfckNzpfcJhNyD/ olrrSm &Sdo
rQ vQdKU0Sufcsufrsm;udk ywf0ef;usif wpfckvHk; odNrifoGm;MuNyD/
]]nnf;rSm ukd,f0ef&Sdaewm nnf;od&JUvm; aiGtdrf}}
tazhtokbwGif aiGtdrfhtm; az;rulnDay;cJhonf pdwfoabm
aumif;aom ta':BuD;onf ,cktcg aiGtdrfhtm; rMunfhzl;onfh
tMunhfrsdK;Nzifh xdkar;cGef;udk ar;vdkufavonf/
aiGtdrfonf yufvuftaetxm;Nzihf uEÅm&yiftudkif;tMum;
rSNzwfNrifae&aom rdk;aumif;uifudk wpfcsufrQ MunhfvdkufNyD; b,f
wkef;urQ r&SdcJhzl;onfh cGeftm;owdÅNzihf at;pufpGmaNzvdku\
f /
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tNzLa&mif wdrftqkwfvkduf tvdyfvdkufonf NymvGifaom
aumif;uifaemufcHNzihf Nzn;fnif;pGm a&GUvsm;aeMuonf/ tJonf
wdrfawG[m vlwpfa,mudk ruJh&JUwwfbl;? xifrao;wwfbl;?
tNypfrwifwwfbl;? bmaMumihfvJqkdawmh olwkdu udk,fwkdifavxk
&JU NyKNyifzefwD;rIudk cHae&vdkUyJ/ olwkdU[m ighvdkyJ b0wlawG .../

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

]]nnf;AdkufxJu uav;&JU tazu b,folvJ}}

aiGtdrfonf oufoufomomyif NyHHK;ae\/
]]aeprf;ygOD; r,f&Sif&,f .... tJ'Dvdk rar;ygeJU? uav;r taNz
cufaerSmayhg/ Nznf;Nznf;awmh usKyfwdkU od&rSmaygh/ olUtaz r&SdwJh
aemuf usKyfwkdUyJ taz? tar vkyf&rSmayghawmf}}
aiGtdrfonf rdrdbufrS &yfwnfum ar;cGef;udk wm;Nrpfvdkuf
aom tzGm;BuD;udk aus;Zl;wifpGm Munhfrdonf/ tzGm;BuD;onfolr
xHrS taNzudk pdwf&Snf&Snfapmihf,lrnhf[ef&Sdonf/ tarpdef&,f ....
uRefr aNzvdkUrNzpfvdkUyg/ aNzvdkuf&if uRefrcspfol 'ku©a&mufoGm;yg
vdrfhr,f/ olUrSm tdyfrufawG &Sdaew,ftar...? uRefr vdkufvdkUrrD
atmif BuD;us,fwJhtdyfrufawG.../ uRefraMumifh tJ'DtdyfrufawG
ysufroGm;&bl;vdkU uRefr qHk;NzwfNyD;ygNyD/
]]uRefr aeaumif;oGm;ygNyD}}
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&Sd&mrS Nyefvmaom wGif;ydkifolaX;udk vSrf;Nrifvdkuf&onf/ olaX;
onf aiGtdrfwkdU vlpk&Sd&mokdU okwfoD;okwfysm avQmufvmaeNcif;
Nzpfonf/ olUab;rSm tvkyform;wpfa,muf pum;aNym&if;ygvm
\/ aiGtdrf vsifNrefpGm rwfwwf&yfvdkufonf/olaX;onf aiGtdrfh
udk ar;cGef;awG qufwkdufar;awmhrSmvm;/ aiGtdrf bmrSraNzrdapeJU
aemf .... udk,hfudk,fudk tm;wif;vsuf NzLazsmhaom EIwfcrf;Nzifhtm;
enf;pGm NyHK;NyEIwfqufvdkufavonf/
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

OD;Nromonf aiGtdrfESihf rsufeSmcsif;qkdif &yfvsuf aiGtdrfhrsuf

vHk;rsm;udk pl;pkdufMunhfaeonf/ ab;ywf0f;usifrS vlrsm;\toH
onf &kwfw&uf wdwfqdwfoGm;\/ aiGtdrfonf 'l;nGwfoGm;rwwf
wkefvIyfaeaom udk,fudk tm;wif;&yfvsuf olaxG;tm;pl;pr;faom
rsufvHk;rsm;Nzihf raMumufr&GHU pdkufMunhfaecJhonf/ olaX;\rsufvHk;
rsm;udk aiGtdrfodonf/ xdwfvefUwkefvIyfpGm wif;rmaomrsufvHk;
rsm;Nzpfonf/ xkdrsufvHk;rsm;t& aiGtdrfhtm; olbmar;cGef;rS ar;
awmhrnfr[kwfaMumif; aiGtdrfodonf/bmaMumihfvJqkdawmh aiGtdrfh
xHrS olrMum;&Jonfh taNzrsdK;xGufvmrSm olpdk;&drfaevdkUyJNzpfonf/
aiGtdrfhyg;pyfrS pum;wpfcGef;onf olU*kPfodu©mudk yGef;yJh&SemoGm;
vdrfhrnf[k ol pdk;&drfaeNyD/ xkdUaMumifhyif olUrsufvHk;rsm;onf wkef
vIyfrIrS Ncdrf;aNcmufrIodkU NAKef;ceJ aNymif;vJoGm;onf/
aiGtdrfhtay: txifao;vkdufavNcif; OD;av;&,f .../ OD;av;
&JUom;udk xdckdufr,fh b,fpum;rsdK;udkrS aiGtdrfraNymekdifbl;qkdwm
OD;av; odzkdUaumif;ygonf/ OD;av;&JUom;udk OD;av; rnSmwmrSmpdk;
vdkU? &ufpufrSmpdk;vdkU uRefru ttHhMocH? t&SufuGJcHNyD; nSmwm
vdkuf&ygNyD/
aiGtdrf\ &J&ihfat;pufaom rsuf0ef;rsm;udk pdrf;um;wif;rmpGm
pdkufMunhfae&mrS olaX;onf NAKef;ceJ vSnhfxGufoGm;cJhonf/
aermufwpfaeUwGif rdrdtm; þwGif;wGif aeUpm;tvkyfort
tNzpfrS &yfpJvdkufaMumif; wGif;xdef;bBuD;u vma&mufowif;ay;
aomtcg aiGtdrf xl;NyD; rtHhMoawmhacs/
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

þtNzpfonf aiGtdrf\ t&SufESifh vlrIa&;udkom xdcdkufapcJh

NyD; pm;0wfae&;ukd vHk;0rxdckdufcJh/ a&eHaNrwGif vlwpfa,mufonf
tvkyfvkyfcsifonfhpdwf"mwfESihf vufESpfzufom &Sdaeygap? b,f
awmhrS xrif;riwfedkifyg/ aiGtdrfhudk þa&eHaNrwGif arG;zGm;cJhonf/
anrBuD;rS waiGUaiGUxGufaeonfh a&eHteHUeSihftwl a&eH\tylaiGU
ESihftwl aiGtdrf BuD;Nyif;cJhonf/ a&eHaNr\&eHUonf aiGtdrfhtwGuf
yef;&eHUwpfckvdkyif pGJrufzG,faumif;aom &if;eSD;cspfcif&aom &eHU
wpfckNzpfonf/ bDtkdpDukrÜPD? tiftkdpDukrÜPD? tdkifbDyDukrÜPDwkdU\
'J&uf[kac:aom a&eHwl; Nirf;pifBuD;rsm;onf rdrd\ oli,fcsif;rsm;
Nzpfonf/ omref a&wGif;wpfckvdkwl;&NyD; a&wGif;rS a&yHk;iifovkd
BudK;NzihfqGJ,lum a&eHxkwf&onfh NrefrmvufwGif;rsm;onf rdrd\
rdom;pk0if aqGrsdK;rsm;Nzpfonf/ aiGtdrfonf rdrdtdrfudkrdrd &if;ESD;o
vdk a&eHaNrudk&if;eSD;cJh&onf/ [dk;i,fpOf uav;b0wke;u ab;rJh
omru wGif;ukef;? vufrSwfukef; a&eHaNrtESHUavQmufoGm;um aNr
yJavSmfa&mif;cJh&zl;onf/ paumhvlrsdK;rsm; wGif;wl;AdkvftNzpfra&muf
rD a&S;ya0oPDumvuwnf;u a&mufaeaom tar&duef wGif;
wl;Adkvfrsm;eSihf &if;ESD;cJhonf/ tar&duefBuD;rsm;onf aoQmifaypl;
uav;eSihf xbDtxufqifNyefUuav;ESihf ESD;Aef;uav; acgif;rSm
&Gufum aNryJavSmfa&mif;aom rdrdudk vuf[efaNc[efNzihf paemuf
um &if;eSD;cifrifcJhonf/ aNryJavSmf wpfrl;zdk;0,fNyD; wpfusyfay;
csifay;wwfonf/ tazoifay;aom rawmufwacguf t*Fvdyfp
um;nzihf r*FvmeHeufcif;yg[krydro EIwfqufvQifawmh olwkdU
onf aiGtdrfhtm; csdKif;rSaNrSmufayGUum w[m;[m; &,farmaysmf&Tif
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

cJhMuavonf/ oydwf[laom pum;udk aiGtdrfonf xkdtar&duef

BuD;awG\ tNzpftysufrSwpfqihf yxrqhk; pwifMum;zl;cJh&onf/
onfavmuf &if;eSD;&onfh a&eHaNrrSm aiGtdrf xrif;iwfrSm vHk;0rpkd;
&drf&yg/
aiGtdrfonf tdrfrSmyif aNryJqm;avSmf avSmfum puúLuefawmh
av;rsm;Nzihf xkyf? vHkNcHKatmif oHyHk;xJ tvkHydwfxnhfNyD; oHyHk;udk
ausmrSm ydk;vG,fvsuf a&eHaNrteSHU aps;a&mif;pNyKavonf/ þt
NzpftysuftwGuf rdrdrSm bmrQxdckdufrSm r[kwf[k aiGtdrfarQmfvihf
xm;cJh\/
odkUaomf xdktNzpftysufonf aiGtdrfhb0udk vHk;0aNymif;vJ
atmif zefwD;vdkufonfudk aemufrS od&\/
aEG&moDausmif;ydwfaomtcg rif;acgifonf a&eHacsmif;okdUNyef
vmcJh\/ okdUaomf rif;acgifonf aiGtdrfhxHokdU NyefvmNcif;r[kwfcJh
ay/
ylNyif;aNcmufaoGUaom aEG&moDwGif aiGbHkompHtdrfBuD;onf
,cifESpfrsm;uxuf ydkí ylavmifaNcmufaoGUaecJhonf/ om;tzoHk;
a,mufonf wpfa,mufukdwpfa,muf rauseyf? reSpfoufekdifpGm
aygif;pnf;ae&aomaMumihf Nzpfonf/ rif;acgifa&mufa&mufcsif;
azazar;onfh ar;cGef;rSm ]]om; ... pmar;yGJaNzekdifvm;}}[laom ar;
cGef;Nzpfoihfonf[k armifeSreSpfa,mufvHk; ,lq\/ okdUaomf xdkar;
cGef;udk azaz rar;cJhay/

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

]]rif;acgif .... rif;azazhudk b,favmuftxd vdrfnmNyD;awmh

azazhqDrSm bmtcGihfta&;awG ,lzkdU qHk;Nzwfxm;ovJ}}
xkdar;cGef;aMumihf rif;acgifonf aomufvufp tat;zefcGuf
ukd pm;yGJay: zswfceJ Nyefcsypfvdkuf&\/ cifrif;vn;f zswfceJwkef
vIyfoGm;um tm;wif;í azazhudk vSrf;Munhfvdkuf&onf/
]]azazhpumudk uRefawmf em;rvnfbl; azaz}}
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azazhqDu aiGawGeJU *kPfyumoeawG om;vdkcsifaeao;orQ 'Dar;
cGef;udk om;em;vnfae&rSmaygh}}
cifrif;onf armifav;udkwpfvSnfh? azazhudkwpfvSnhf Munhfí
qkdzmaemufrSDudk av;uefpGm rSDvdkufonf/ azazhrsufeSmrSm wif;rm
ae\/ azaz[m armifav;udk wu,fyif &ufpufawmhrSmvm;/
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ao;bl;/ 'Dawmh azazaNymwJhpum;udk uRefawmf b,fvdkvkyfNyD; em;
vnfEdik fyghrvJ}}
azazu cyfrJhrJhNyHK;onf/
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wmawmh azazhudk aNymNyekdifrSmayhgaemf}}
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aeudk tckcsdefxd azaz rar;wm uRefawmfpdwfraumif;ygbl;? 'gay
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

r,hf uRefawmfarQmfrSef;oavmuf aNzekdifw,fqkdwm azazhudkowif;

aumif;ay;yghr,f/ 'gaMumihf uRefawmfhtouf 23 ESpfra&mufvmcif
vmr,hfeSpfrSm a'vDudk tdkifpDtufpf pmar;yGJoGm;aNzcsifw,fazaz?
atmif&if uRefawmf bdvyfrSm ausmif;oGm;wufcsifygw,f? uRef
awmfvkyforQ tvkyfawGu azazhtultnDrygbJ vHk;0&rSmr[kwf
bl; azaz}}
xkdpum;udkaNymNyD; rif;acgif rsufvTmcsum wpfcPNidrfouf
oGm;\/ azazu toHxGuf &,farmonf/
]]aMomf ... aMomf ... 'DvdkawmhvJ om;u odaeygvm;}}
azazhceJUpum;aMumihf cifrif;tae& usyfoGm;onf/ ri;facgif
uawmh pm;yGJudk pdkufMunhfaeqJ? rsuf0ef;rsm;rSm ta&mifrSdefazsmhqJ/
]]'gNzihf azazom;udk owif;wpfckay;r,f? owif;aumif;awmh
r[kwfbl;}}
rif;acgif azazhudk zswfceJ armhMunhfvdku\
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tvkyfNzKwfypfvdkufw,f}}
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rESpfNrdKU[ef cyfwkd;wdk;a&&Gwfvdkufaom rif;acgifudk cifrif;ai;
Munhfaerd\/

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

]]tJ'g uRefawmfeJUqdkifvdkUvm; azaz}}

azazu rif;acgifar;cGef;udk raNzbJ olaNymcsif&mudkom Nzwf
aNym\/
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vm;? vifaumifray:bJ &wJhudk,f0efudk aNymwm? tJ'Dudpu ö azazh
*kPfodu©meJU azazhtvkyform;awG&JU *kPfodu©mudk xdckdufvmw,f
av? uav;zatemrnf ar;awmhvJ aumifrav;u raNymbl;wJh?
ihgudkMunhfwJh aumifrav;&JU rsufvHk;awGudkvJ igrBudKufbl;}}
rif;acgif\rsuf0ef;wGif wkefvIyfacsmufcsm;rI t&dyfwpfckzswfc
eJ 0ifa&mufvmNyD; csufcsif; aysmufuG,foGm;onf/
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u rwkefrvIyf/
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aysmufoGm;rSm r[kwfbl;? 'Daumifrav; azazhtvkyform;NzpfcJh
w,fqdkwmvJ aysmufoGm;rSmr[kwfbl;? azazhtvkyform;xJu wpf
a,mufa,muf&JU usL;vGefrIvdkU ywf0ef;usifuxifNrifvmrSmudkvJ
azazazsmufypfedkifrSm r[kwfbl;? azaz[m tvkyfori,fuav;

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

wpfa,muftay: &ufpufw,fvdkUawmif ywf0ef;usifu Nrifcsif

Nrifvmekdifw,f/ 'gxuf ydkqkd;wmu aumifrav;u azazhudk em
Munf;rkef;wD;oGm;rSmudkawmif pdk;&drf&ao;w,fazaz}}
azazu oa&mfavSmifaNymifoHNzihf &,fvdku\
f /
]]olrkef;wD;awmh igbm*&kpdkuf&rSmvJ ... igvkyfwm ightwGuf
a&m rif;twGufa&m rSefw,f/ igtckvdk vkyfvdkufwm[m igh*kPfod
u©mtwGufcsn;fyJ r[kwfbl; rif;acgif ... rif;twGufvJygw,f?
em;vnf&JUvm;[if/ rif;udk olUuav;taztNzpf vufndk;xdk;vmrSm
udk igrvdkcsifbl;/ 'gaMumihf apmapmpD;pD; &SIif;ypfvkdufw,f/'Dawmh
rif; rauseyfbl;aygh}}
rif;acgifonf NAKef;ceJ xkdif&mrS x&yfvkduf\/
]]azaz bmNzpfvdkU 'Davmuftxd tawG;acgifae&wmvJqkdwm
uRefawmf pOf;pm;vdkUudkr&bl;? bmqkdifvdkUvJ 'Daumifrav;eJU uRef
awmfwkdU tNrJwGJNyD; NrifaewJh azazhpdwfawG b,ftcsdefusrS aNymif;
rSmvJ}}
]]rif; wNcm;rdef;reJU &wJhtcgrSm aNymif;rSmyJ}}
rif;acgifonf oabmuspGm &,farmvdkufavonf/
]]uJ...azaz tJ'gqkd&ifvJ uRefawmfhudk NrefNref rdef;ray;pm;
vdkufawmhazaz...? azaz uRefawmhfudk txifvJGr,fhudpaö ysmufoGm;
zdkUtwGuf uRefawmf bmrqdk vkyfNyzdkU tqifoifhyJ}}

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

cifrif;onf tHhMowkefvIyfpGm armifav;udk pdkufMunhfr\

d /
olnmaewmyg ... azaz oabmusatmif nmay;aewmyg/
odkUaomf þuJhodkU rNzpfekdifaMumif; cifrif; odaeonf/ rif;acgif
onf trSefudkaNymaeNci;f nzpfonf/ rif;acgifrsufvHk;rSm Avm
oufouf/ rif;rSm cHpm;csuf vHk;0r&Sdwmvm;/ 'grSr[kwf ...owdÅ
aMumifwmvm;/
]]om; wu,faNymaewmvm;}}
]]aMomf ... azaz&,f? wu,faygh}}
azazonf om;udkarmhMunhfvsuf pdwf&IyfaxG;rI wpf0uf? 0rf;
omrIwpf0ufNzihf wdwfqdwfNidrfoufaeao;\/ NyD;rS olpdk;&drfuif;
Nzpfaeonfhtcsufudk xkwfazmfaNymonf/
]]'gayr,fh azazwkdU tckcsdefxd pdwfcsvdkU r&ao;bl;/ 'Daumif
rav;[m t&Suf&SdwJh[mrav; r[kwfbl;/ uav;taz[m olaX;
om;rif;acgifyJvkdU pGyfpGJNyD; aiGnSpfwmawG bmawG ...}}
cifrif;\ESvkH;qDwGif pl;pl;&S&aS tmifhoGm;\/ &dk;om;NzLpifvS
aom? tepfemcHwwfaom rdef;uav;onf azazpdk;&drfaeonfht
csufudk b,fwkef;urQyif pdwful;cJhzl;onf r[kwfay/
]]tJavmuf rpdk;&drfygeJUazaz .... ol tJvdkvkyfr,fqkd&ifvJ vkyf
zdkUtaMumif;uawmh &Sdaew,f? olUudk azazu tvkyfxkwfypfcJh
w,f r[kwfvm;? olvufpm;acszdkUtwGuf bmpum;ukdrqkd olaNym
rSmyJ/ uav;taz[m uRefawmfvdkU aNym&ifvJ azaz rtHhMoygeJU?
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

&JawGuvJ tHhMorSmr[kwfbl;? ,HkMunfrSmvJ r[kwfbl;/ azaz olU

udk tvkyfxkwfypfvkdufwm a&eHaNrwpfckvHk; odaewmyJ azaz}}
rif;acgifonf aiGtdrfhtaMumif;udk cyfysufysuf olpdrf;rdef;u
av;wpfa,muftaMumif; aNymaeovdkyif aNymae&ufayonf/ aiG
tdrf[m olUcspfol r[kwfcJhovkd ... olUudk,f0efudk vG,fxm;&wm
r[kwfovdkygyJvm;/
]]at;uG ... tJ'g[kwfw,f}} azazonf om;\oabmxm;ukd
oabmuspGm NyHK;Munhfae\/
]]ol aiGnSpfpGyfpGJvm&ifvJ oufaoNyygapaygh azaz&JU? ol
bmrSoufaoNyekdifrSm r[kwfbl;? azaz bmrSrpdk;&drfygeJU/ azazh
bufrSmawmh oufaoawG trsm;BuD;av}}
cifrif;onf rif;acgifxHrS rsufeSmvTJypfvdkufr\
d / olwdkUxHrS
bmpum;udkrQ rMum;&awmhaomtcg cifrif; xkdif&mrS zswfceJ x
&yfvdkufrdawmhonf/

avmuwGif MuHKawGU&wwfNrJNzpfonfh rarQmfvihfaom tHhMo

zG,fudpw ö kdU\ wdkufcdkufrIudk &ifqkdif&ef vHk;0BudKwifNyifqifxm;cJh
Ncif;r&Sdaom cifrif;onf armifav;rif;acgif\ pdwfoabmxm;udk
r,Hkr&J arQmfvihfcsifaeao;\/

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

azazr&Sdonfhtcsdef armifav;eSifh eSpfa,mufcsif;

&SdaeonfhtcsdefwdkUwGif udk,f0efudpEö Sihfywfowfí olUtMuHtpnf
wkdUudk armifav;u aNymNytoday;avrvm;[k arQmfvihfcsifae
ao;\/ okdUaomf eSpf&ufoHk;&uf Mumonftxd cifrif; ESifh
ESpfa,mufwnf;awGUaeonfhwkdifatmif rif;acgifbufu bm
pum;rS zGihf[raNymcJh/ rif;acgifonf tcsdef&Sdoa&GU t*Fvdyfbmom
Nzihf a&;om;xm;aom &mZ0ifpmtkyfxlBuD;rsm;udk tcef;atmif;í
zwfaewwfonf/ wpfcgwpf&H {nhfcef;rSm rwfwyf&yfvrf;avQmuf
í pmtkyfudk vufndk;NzihfnSyfydwfum wwGwfwGwf pmNyefaewwf
onf/ olU&ifxJrSm aiGtdrf qkdwmvnf; r&Sdbl;? udk,f0efqkdwmvnf;
r&Sdbl;/ cifrif;onf rif;acgif\t&dyftuJudk apmihfMunhftuJcwf
&if; rausreyf tm;rvdk tm;r& Nzpfaerdonf/
aemufqHk;awmh um,uH&Sifu vspfvsL&I&ufvGef;ayr,hf ab;
vlu raeomawmhay/ rif;acgifNcHxJqif;í vrf;avQmuf&if; pm
zwfonhf naecif;tcsdefwpfckwGif cifrif; yGihfyGihfvif;vif;ar;Munhf
rdawmhonf/
]]armifav; ... rif; aiGtdrfhqDudk roGm;zl;vm;}}
rif;acgifonf xkdar;cGef;aMumifh pdwftaESmifht,SufNzpfoGm;
[efr&Sdacs/ Nrif;yGJ roGm;bl;vm;[laom ar;cGef;rsdK; tar;cHvdkuf&
ovdkyif cyfayghaygh taNzay;cJ\h /
]]roGm;bl;}}

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

cifrif;onf bk&m;wrdvsuf rif;acgifudk rsufvHk;t0dkif;om;

Nzihf ai;rdonf/
]]'gayr,fh udk,f0efudk b,fheS,fvkyfrSmvJ? aiGtdrfhtwGuf ....}}
rif;acgif\ rsufvHk;wGif a'goeSifh cufxefrIta&mifrsm; csuf
csif;vTrf;vm\/
]]tckrSawmh bmrS rwwfekdifawmhbl;av rr? 'Dudk,f0efudk &Sif;
ypfzkdU uRefawmf olUukdvJ aNymw,f? rrudkvJ aNymw,f? 'gayr,fh
'D[mudk r&Sif;ypfcJhbl;? r&Sif;awmh ckvdk olt&SufuGJcHwm olUa&G;
cs,frIeJUolyJ}}
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cifrif;\ rsufeSm aEG;ceJ yl&Sdef;oGm;\/rif;acgifrsufeSmudk a'g
owBuD; Munhfvkdufcsifonf/ odkUaomf cifrif; &Sufonf/þpum;
rsdK;onf armifESifhtpfraNymí aumif;onhf pum;rsdK;vnf;r[kwf
acs/
]]olUudk tckae uRefawmfoGm;awGU&if uRefawmf[mw&m;cHygqdk
wm ywf0ef;usifodatmif aMumfNimNyD;om; NzpfoGm;rSmaygh? uRefawmf
yg t&SufuGJoGm;rSmayhg? tJ'Dtcgus olUudk,lvdkuf&awmhrSmayhg/ 'g
qkd&if uRefawmfh&nfrSef;csufawG ...}}
]]ri;fu olUxufydkNyD; t&SufuGJoifhwmyJ}}

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

rif;acgif\rsufeSmudk cifrif;Munhfí rNrif&aomfvnf; &,foH

udk Mum;&orQuawmh rif;acgifrSm udk,fcsif;pmemrIESihf tMuifemqkd
wm wpfpdk;wpfaphrQyif &Sdraeyg/
]]wu,fqkd 'Dudp[ ö m rif;&IyfvkdU NzpfcJh&wm r[kwfvm; ... tck
vdk olUcrsmav; olwpfyg;&JU uJh&JUpum;atmufrSm t&SufuGJae&wJh
tcsdef rif;&JUESpfodrfhrI? tm;ay;rI? umuG,frIawG[m olUtwGufb,f
avmuf tm;&SdvdkufrvJ}}
]]rr ... 'DudpörSm rr 'ghxufydk0ifvdkUraumif;bl;? raNymoihfwJh
pum;awG rrudk uRefawmf aNymrdoGm;&if raumif;bl;? 'gayr,hf
rr odxm;zdkUu tckvdkNzpfoGm;wJhudprö Sm tkdAsm .... 'gawG rrMum;zdkU
roihfawmfygbl;? 'Dr,f ... rr&JU vlwGifygvdkU EGm;usm;udkufw,fqdk
wJhpum;yHk rrMum;zl;w,f r[kwfvm;? rrpGyfpGJoavmufawmh uRef
awmfhbufu wpfzufowfBuD; r[kwfcJhygbl; ... ESpfOD;oabmwl}}
cifrif;onf NAKef;ceJ olUbufokdU vSnfhMunhfrdonf/ tJonf
pum;rsdK; rr&JUarmifav;u aNymvdkufowJhvm;/ tJ'g[m cifrif;&JU
armifav;wJhvm;/ cifrif;onf a'goaMumihf vufzsm;aNczsm;awG
at;pufum &ifxJrSm ylavmifvsuf EIwfcrf;rsm;om wqwfqwf
wkefae\ pum;wpfcGef;rSyif xGufrvm/ cifri;f\ a'goudk olu
rod[efaqmifí pOf;pm;qifNcif[ef rsufESmay;Nzihf &Sif;Nyonf/
]]wu,fwrf; aNym&&if uRefawmf olUudk wu,fcspfcJhwmyg/
uRefawmfhaNcaxmufay: uRefawmf&yfekdifwJh wpfaeUrSm olUudkvuf
xyfzdkU wu,fpdwful;cJhwmyg/ 'gayr,hf tckcsdefrSm tm;vHk; vGef
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

oGm;NyD rr? udpu ö &IyfaxG;aeNyD? tckcsdef uRefawmfu olUa&SUu 0if

&yfay;&ifvJ &IyfaewmawG &Sif;roGm;bl;? wpfa,muft&Sufuae
ESpfa,muft&Suf? oHk;a,muft&Suf Nzpf&HkyJ &Sdw,f/ uRefawmhfbuf
rSmqHk;&IH;&rSmawGu renf;bl;/ 'Dawmh wpfa,mufyJ t&SufuGJcHawmh
r,f ...? uRefawmf r0ifawmhbl;av? olUukd uRefawmfcsNywJhvrf;udk
rS olravQmufcsifbJ? olUvrf;ol a&G;wmyJ? olavQmuf&JvdkU a&G;wm
avQmufygapaygh}}
]]rif;acgif ....}}
cifrif;\ EIwfzsm;rS xkdpum;wpfvHk;om tekdifekdif&Gwfqdkekdi\
f /
cifri;fb0rSm rMuHKzl;onfht&mrsm;? rarQmfvihfzl;onfh pum;rsm;udk
rif;acgifyg;pyfrS aNymaeNcif;Nzpfonf/ cifrif; b,fvdkvkyfNyD; ,Hk
Munf&rSmvJ? tJ'g cifrif;&JUarmifav;wJh .../ cifrif; cspfvSpGmaom
armifav;wJh .../
vl,kwfrm? acG;? rdkuf&dkif;yufpufvSwJhaumif .... xkdpum;vHk;
rsm;udkawmh armifav;Mum;atmif aNymí rxGufbJ cifrif; &ifwGif;
rSmyif ylavmifMurf;&Saom a0'emNzihf rsdKcsypfvdkuf&ygonf/ rif;rSm
tpfrwpfa,mufvHk; &SdaevsufeJU 'Dpum;rsdK; rif;aNym &ufovm;/
aiGtdrfav; ..../ t*FvefrSNyefa&mufvQif olrudk vufxyf,l
rnf[k arQmfvihfum Munfel;aeol rdef;uav; .../ tJonf rdef;u
av; onfpum;awGukd b,fvdkem;rsdK;Nzihf Mum;&JekdifyghrvJ/ aiGtdrfh
em;odkU a&mufatmif cifrif;ua&m b,fvdkEIwfcrf;rsdK;Nzihf aNymxGuf

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

&ufyghrvJ/ 'gNzihf vifaumifray:bJ arG;&onfhaomueSihf &Suf&GHrI

wkdU\ aemufrSm aiGtdrfhtwGuf em;cdkykef;uG,fp&m b,frSmrS r&Sdekdif
awmhbl;aygh/ onfNyóemtwGuf aiGtdrfb,fvdk cGeftm;rsdK;Nzihf &if
qkdifaNz&Sif;ekdifrvJ/ cifrif;ua&m bmawGrsm; ulnDaz;rEdkifrSmvJ/
]]azazhudk wkdifvkdufr,f qkd&ifaum ....}}
cifrif;\tawG;onf EIwfzsm;rS vTwfceJ xGufoGm;NyD;csufcsif;
yif z,fxkwfvdkufNyD;om; Nzpfaeonf/ b,fNzpfrvJ? armifav;&JU
ynma&; ....azazu.../
]]bmaNymw,f rr? azazhudkwkdifr,f [kwfvm;}}
tdk ...r[kwfbl;/ cifrif; acgif;cg,rf;vkdufpOfrSmyif rif;acgif
u cifrif;\ vufarmif;wpfzufudk Murf;wrf;pGm qkyfudkifqGJ,rf;
vdkuf\/ emusifrIaMumihf vTwfceJatmf&if; rif;acgifrsufeSmudk
txdwfwvefU Munhfrdonfhtcg cifrif;rNrifzl;aom vlwpfa,muf
udk NrifawGUvdkuf&avonf/
]]'Dudpaö wGudk azaz bmrSr&dyfrdbl;vdkU rrxifaew,f...[kwf
vm;? rr wkdifrS azazu odrSmwJhvm;? azaz tJavmuf tvdrfhr,f
vdkU rrxifaeovm;}}
xkdUaemuf cifrif;\vufudk rif;acgifu vTwfay;vdkufonf/
apmapmu cufxefMurf;wrf;pGm pum;aNymcJholrSm ol r[kwfovdk
yif rif;acgif\ rsufeSmu aNyavsmhoGm;\/ ol oufNyif;wpfcsufcs
vdkufonf/
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

]]rr&,f .... tdyfcsifa,mifaqmifaewJhvludk oGm;EdI;zdkU BudK;pm;r

aeygeJU? aemufNyD; rr vlawGtaMumif; bmrSrodygbl;? udk,hf[m
udk,f rD;zdkacsmifxJrSm aeprf;yg}}
xkdUaemuf wpfcsufNyHk;Nyí olvSnhfxGufoGm;avonf/
cifrif;onf pdwf&IyfaxG;rI? em;rvnfedkifrI? tHhMoacsmufcsm;rI
wkdUaMumihf w&dyf&dyfrl;a0í usefcJhonf/ cifrif;NzpfapcsifonfhqE´
uawmh azazESihf armifav;udk vlyDoapcsifwmygyJ/ azazhbufu
vnf; tqifhtwef;? *kPfyumoe qkdwmawGudk ypfcGmNyD; rdef;u
av;wpfa,mufudk rdef;uav;wpfa,muftNzpfom &dk;om;pGmNrifzkdU
aumif;onf/ armifav;bufuvn;f rdrd um,uHaNrmufvGefusL;rd
aom tNypftwGuf (rdef;uav;u qGJaqmifvkdUyg&onfyJ Nzpfap)
rdrd wm0ef,l&JonhfowdÅ &SdzkdUaumif;onf/ a[m'g[m uRefawmfh
cspfol? uRefawmfhZeD;? olU&JU udk,f0ef[m uRefawmfh&JU udk,f0ef...[k
avmuywf0ef;usifudk rdef;uav;\a&SUrSm rm;rm;rwfrwf&yfum
&ifqkdifNyvdkufapcsifonf/ zcifu ausmif;p&dwf raxmufbJypfy,f
xm;vQif qufrwufESihfaygh/ rdrdonf bDatbGJU&awmhrSm aocsmae
NyDyJ/ ta&;ydkifrNzpfekdifayr,hf NrdKUtkyfawmh NzpfekdifrSmyJ? tvkyfvkyf
&if; aiGNyefpkum tkdifpDtufpf pmar;yGJudk 0ifaNzvdkUaum r&Edkifbl;
vm;/onfvkdqkdvQif rif;acgifonf udk,hfusihfw&m; aumif;rGefonfh
pmempdwf&Sdonfh? acgif;aqmifyDoonfh tdrfaxmifOD;pD;wpfa,muf
NzpfvmNyD; wpfcsdefwnf;rSm *kPfodu©m&Sdonfh t&m&SdwpfOD;vnf;Nzpf
vmekdifonf r[kwfvm;/
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

odkUr[kwf 'gawGtm;vHk;[m cifrif;\ pdwful;,Ofqefqefol&J

aumif; p&dkufvu©PmawGyJvm;/ cifrif; rodekdifyg/ wu,fhb0qkd
wm '@&Dwpfckvdkawmh tNypfuif;pGm, NyD;NynhfpkHekdifvdrhfrnf rxif
ay/

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

(5)

ywf0ef;usifu rdef;rBuD;i,fwkdU\ uJh&JUrsufvHk;? wtHhwMo

&Iwfcs[efrsufvHk;wdkUudk aiGtdrfonf acgif;udkarmhvsuf &ifudkcsD
vsuf rxDwxD tNyHK;uav;ukd ZGwfNyHK;um wnfNidrfpGm &ifqkdifcJh\
olwdkUonf aiGtdrf\ aNryJqm;avSmfudk pyfpkvkdpdwfNzihf tm;ay;0,f
,lcJhMuNcif; Nzpfvdrfhrnf/ aiGtdrfhAdkufudk Munhfum ]]b,fESpfv? &NyD
vJ}}[k ar;wwfMuonf/ ]]qEGif;awG bmawGvHk;xm;NyD;NyDvm;? ig
wdkUvkyfay;zdkU vdkwm&Sd&ifaNymaemf}} [k olwkdUuyJ pum;urf;vSrf;Mu
Nyef\/ ]]xbDpkwfawG? ykqkd;pkwfawG &orQpkNyD; tckae avQmfxm;
[Jh}} [k tMuHay;olu ay;Muonf/ xdktcgrsdK;wGif aiGtdrfonf
rsufeSmudk armhvsuf NyHK;\/
]]rrcifrif;aru tJ'Dudpt ö m;vHK; ol wm0ef,lr,fwJh/ rrcif
rif;arqkdwmudk od&JUvm;[if? olaX;orD;awmhf? olaX;OD;Nrom&JU
orD;? acsmvdkufwmrS rIefvdkU}}

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

wu,fyif cifrif;aronf a':av;\tultnDNzihf om;zGm;

rnhfrdcifwpfa,muf vdktyfEdkifonfh ypönf;rsm;udk tpHkodrf;qnf;pk
aqmif;í rMumcPqkdovkd aiGtdrfhxH zcifrodatmif wdwfwcdk;vm
vmawGUwwfonf/ aiGtdrfhAdkufudk cifrif;u cspfcifMunfel;pGm vuf
Nzihf yGwfoyfMunhfaomtcg ESpfa,mufom; &,farmrdMu\/
]]a[m'DrSm uav;teSD;awG? rrar udk,fwkdifcsKyfvmcJhwm}}
pufNzihf csKyfvQif {nhfcef;rSm vlNrifrSm? toHMum;&rSm pdk;oNzihf
xdkteSD;rsm;ukd nn tdyfcef;xJrSm wdwfwqdwf vufNzihfcsKyfcJh&
aMumif; aiGtdrfhudk olr raNymcJhyg/ aiGtdrfu NzLazG;oefUpifvGef;í
NymvJhaeaom tESD;xyfBuD;udk wrufwarm &ifrSmtyfum Munfel;
vQufu ]]tpfudka&m ...tpfudk aeaumif;&JUvm;[if}} [kar;onf/
rif;acgifonf a&eHacsmif;rSm b,fawmhrS r&Sdwwfay/
]]aeaumif;yghawmf ... &efukefrSm pmMunhfwkdufawG? yd#uwf
wkdufawG tpHkoGm;NyD; pmawGcsnf; usufae&owJh aiGtdrfa&...tdrfudk
vJ pmrSefrSefa&;ekdifwm r[kwfygbl;? [dkwavmu vlBuHKeJUazazu
aiGay;ckdif;vdkU vlMuHKtNyefrSm owif;od&wm/ aNz&r,hfbmomawG
u awmfawmfrsm;w,fqkdyJ aiGtdrf&JU/ &mZ0ifawG orkdif;awGwifru
bl;wJh/ odyÜHa&m? A[kokwawGa&m ygowJh}}
]]tkd ... [kwfvm;? tpfudk aNzekdifygapvdkU aiGtdrfbk&m;rSm tNrJ
qkawmif;aeyghr,f}}

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

nnf;udk,fnnf;om acsmacsmarmarm arG;zGm;zdkU qkawmif;prf;

ygat[k b,fvdkrS cifrif;aNymí rxGufcJhay/ qEGif;vHk;uav;rsm;
udk a[mvpfbl;xJrSm xnhf,lvmNyD; aiGtdrfhacgif;&if;rSm xm;ay;
vdkufonf/
]]'Dudpaö wG OD;bmrS r&dyfrdygbl;aemf ...rr}}
]]at; ... tckxdawmh at;at;aq;aq;ygyJ nDr&,f}}
tm;wufaysmf&Tifaeaom aiGtdrfhrsufESmudkMunhfum cifrif;
oufNyif;tcgcg csrd\/
]]na&;nwmusawmh aiGtdrf tdyf&&JUvm;? ab;rSm rdef;razmf
wpfa,mufav,muf ac:tdyf&if aumif;rvm;uG,f}}
]]tkd ... a[m[kd bk&m;pifay:rSm tazh&JU"m;&Sdw,f? uRefrtdyf&m
atmufrSm om;vSD;"m; tNrJxm;NyD; tdyfw,f? ,D;wD;,m;wm; vm
vkyf&if tJ'Dvl tlyGihfoGm;r,frSwf}}
rmeftNynhfeSihfaNymNyD;aemuf aiGtdrfonf uav;vdkyif cpfceJ
&,fvdkufavonf/
]]pdwfrylygeJU rrar&JU? [kdbufukef;u tarpdefBuD;u uRefrqD
nnvmwwfygw,f? uRefrudk olu rD;aeapmihfay;rSmwJh?vufonf
vJ olac:ay;rSm .... wJh}}
bDtdkpDaq;&Hku olemNyKq&mrwpfa,mufudkawmh cifrif;odyg
&JUI? okdUaomf xkdq&mru azazESifh tvGef&if;eSD;wm ... azazrod
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

atmif olUudktultndAwmif;zdkUqkdwm NzpfekdifrSm r[kwfyg/ tdwfxJ

rSmygonfh aiGptenf;i,fudk aiGtdrfhtm; ay;ay;NyD; cifrif; NyefNyef
vmcJh&onf/ aiGtdrfhxHokdUyif azazhtvpfrSmrS vm&onfNzpf&m
wpfywfwpfcg a&mufekdifzdkU renf;BudK;pm;&onf/ xkdUaMumifh aiGtdrf
rD;zGm;onfudkvnf; cifrif;rodvkduf/ cifrif;tm; today;vmrnfh
olvnf; wpfa,mufrQr&SdcJh/ azazvpfonfhtcsdefwGif Nrif;vSnf;
wpfpD;iSm;í aiGtdrf&Sd&mokdU a&mufoGm;aomtcg tdrft0ifwGif
uav;idkoH ao;ao;uav;wpfckudk Mum;vkduf&onf/ cifrif;onf
uav;idkoHukd Mum;vdkufaomtcg MuufoD;Nzef;ceJ xoGm;avmuf
atmif Munfel;csrf;aNrUoGm;avonf/
]]aiGtdrfa& ....}}
aiGtdrfonf tdrftwGif;cef;xJrSm olUuav;Nzihf tvkyf&IyfaeNyD
tESD;NzLuav;Nzihf xkyfxm;aom eDwm&Juav;av;udk cifrif;wtHh
wMo ai;armMunhfr\ d /
]]rrar ...? orD;uav; rrar&JU}}
orD;uav; ...wJh/ qHyif&Snfuav;awG rnf;eufawmifaNymif
vsuf? avmuudk Munhfayr,hf bmrS rNrifwwfao;onfhrsufvHk;
eufeufuav;rsm; .../ eDaxG;um el;nhHvGef;onfh yg;Nyifao;ao;
rdkUrkdUuav;rsm;? rif;acgif\ESmacgif;vdkyif &Snfvsm;aom oG,fonfh
eSmacgif;uav;/ cifrif;\ eIwfcrf;vdk yg;vsm;pk0ef;onfh EIwfcrf;
uav;/

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

]]t,f ... cspfp&mav;awmh? [,f aiGtdrf&,f? wu,f uav;

av;NzpfvmNyDaemf?Munhfprf; ... a[m'DESmacgif;u olUtazESmacgif;}}
cifrif;u uav;ydpdav;\ ESmacgif;av;udk rxdwxdvufNzihf
xdMunhfum el;nHhvSonfh tawGUuav;aMumif; vdIufceJcHpm;vdkuf
&onf/
]][,f aiGtdrf ... rsufawmifarT;vJ rygbl;awmh}}
aiGtdrfu csdKNrpGm &,favonf/
]]rraruvJ ...tysdKBuD;rSef; vlodvkdufwm? arG;prSm rsufawmif
av;awGu tJvdk rIefrIefuav;awGyJwJh? wNznf;Nznf;eJU&SnfNyD;euf
vmrSm...wJh? tarpdefuvJ aNymw,f? orD;u tacsmav;wJh}}
aNym&if; aiGtdrfu rdrda&SUrSmyif uav;udk EkdUwdkuf&efNyifqif
onfhtcg cifrif;&kwfceJ rsufeSmvTJvdkufr\
d / 'gudkyif aiGtdrfu
uav;ozG,f oabmuspGm &,farmavonf/
]]r&SufygeJU rrar&JU? uRefrNzifh r&Sufygbl;/ orD;ekdUpdkUwmudk
rrapmihfMunhfprf;? b,favmuf vlyg;0ovJ/ b,favmuf avmb
BuD;ovJvdkU ... Munhf}}
cifrif;NyHK;um teD;rSxxGufí [if;tdk;rsm;udk vSefavSmMunhfrd
onf/ rdrdrSmygvmonfh tom;aMumf? ig;ydaMumfrsm;ukd aiGtdrfh yef;
uefawGxJ vS,fxnhfay;vdkufavonf/

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

]]'geJU ... uav;av;u bmaeUorD;vJ? emrnfa&m a&G;NyD;NyD

vm;}}
cifrif;onf uav;\emrnfudk rdrdudk,fwdkif a&G;ay;csifae\/
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&ufoHk;&ufawmif pOf;pm;&w,f rr&,f/ we*FaEGqdkawmh ]t}wpfck
yJ&Sdwmudk;}}
]]OvJ &wmyJ aiGtdrf&JU? OqdkwJh emrnf[m cspfp&muav;}}
aiGtdrfu NyHk;vsuf acgif;,rf;cgonf/
]]rtdrfpkd;vkdU ay;xm;w,f rr&JU}}
]][if nnf;emrnfuvJat? wHk;wHk;BuD;ygvm;}}
aiGtdrfu &,fNyefonf/
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tarpdef ab;rJhq&mawmfqD oGm;avQmufw,fav? 'Demrnfaumif;
w,fwJh? q&mawmfu oabmwlvdkufw,f}}
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bl;[k wdwfwdwfa&&Gwfrd\/
]]'gqkd aemufuwpfvHk;xyfNznhfat ... emrnfoHk;vHk;NzpfoGm;
atmif}}

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

]]bmNznhfrvJ}}
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rwlwl}}
aiGtdrfu a,mif;rudk oabmuspGm pdkufMunhfNyHK;vsuf acgif;
ndwf\/
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cifrif;u cifrif;ar[laom emrnfoHk;vHk;xJrS wpfckcsif;udk
aemufrS NznhfMunhfvdku\
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bl; .... emrnfBuD;u pD;vGef;w,f? tdrfpkd;ar ... aumif;w,f? tJ'D
emrnf ac:vdkUaumif;w,f/ 'Dawmh aiGtdrf ... nnf;orD; emrnf
tdrfpkd;araemf ...'gyJ}}
xdkaeUu cifrif;tdrfNyefa&mufa&mufcsif; yxrqHk;vkyfrdonhf
tvkyfrSm rif;acgifxH pma&;Ncif;yifNzpfonf/
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aeaumif;&JUvm;? pmawGusuf&wm tqifaNyw,fr[kwf
vm;? rif; odyftvkyf&Iyf OD;aESmuf&IyfaerSm rr odygw,f/'gay
r,hf rrrSm owif;wpfck aNymp&m&SdwmeJU 'Dpmudk a&;vkdufwm?
'Dowif;[m armifav;twGuf 0rf;omMunfel;p&mNzpfrvm;?
pdwfaemufusd&IyfaxG;p&m Nzfprvm; rr rcefUrSef;edkifygbl;/
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

vGefcJhwJh wpfywfavmufuyJ aiGtdrf rsufeSmNrifw,f?

orD;uav; zGm;Nrifw,f/ vlBuD;a&m uav;a&m usef;rmMuyg
w,f/ armifav;&JU orD;uav;u tawmfudk cspfp&maumif;
w,f/ armifav;eJUvnf; tawmfudk &kyfqifw,fav/ we*FaEG
aeUzGm;rkdU tdrfpdk;arvdkU emrnfay;xm;w,f ...}}
a&;NyD;rS þpmudk xnhfoihfroihf pOf;pm;Munhfrdonf/ armif
av;[m 'Dpmudk zwfawmhzwfrSmyJ? odkUaomf azazawGUrSmpdk;vdkU
azsmufzsufypfcsif ypfekdifonf/ okdUr[kwf 'Dpm[m armifav;qD
ra&mufbJ a&eHacsmif;rSmwif vrf;vGJoGm;NyD; uHqkd;0g;pGmeJU azazhqD
a&mufoGm;rvm;/ 'gqkd&if azaz[m cifrif;udk a'gowBuD;qlyl
Mudrf;armif;avrvm;? olUt&SufudkcGJol&,fvdkU tdrfuESifxkwfwJh
txd Nzpfvmekdifovm;/ awG;rdaomtcg cifrif; enf;enf;wGefU
qkwfoGm;ao;\/ armifav; a&eHacsmif; NyefvmrS owday;&ifvn;f
&wmyJ r[kwfvm;/
odkUaomf xdktcsdefumvonf ta0;BuD; usefao;onf/ rdr\ d
owif;aemufusrIaMumifh armifav;\ b0rSm tqHk;tNzwfwpfckck
rSm;,Gif;oGm;cJhvQif epfem&rnhfolu wpfb0pmBuD; qHk;&IH;epfem&
awmhrnf/ cifrif;onf xkdpmudk t&JpGefUí xnhfvdkuyf gonf/ cif
rif;pmxnhfonfh ZklvdkifvukefrS aemufeSpfqef; Zefe0g&D e,l;a'vD
okdU pmar;yGJoGm;aNzcsdeftxd armifav;xHrS vHk;0 pmrNyefcJhyg/þ
tNzpfudk rdrd arQmfvihfNyD;om; Nzpfygonf/ rif;acgifbufu aNymif;
vJNcif;? raNymif;vJNcif;onf cifrif;eSihf bmrQ rqkdifyg/ odkUaomf
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

cifrif;bufuawmh taumif;bufokdU rif;acgif aNymif;vJvmapzkdU

twwfekdifqHk; BudK;pm;&ayvdrhfrnf/
1926ckESpfonf cifrif;\ ywf0ef;usif ododomomBuD;aNymif;
vJoGm;aom ESpfNzpfonf/
aiGaMu;csrf;om <u,f0aom a&eHwGif;pm; olaX;orD;Nzpfaeí
vnf;aumif;? a&eHvkyfief;rSeforQ bmwpfckrS odcGihfr&bJ tdrfwGif;
rIeSihfom tcsdefukef&aom vlawmrwkd;onfh rdef;rNzpfaeívnf;
aumif; aeUaygif; vaygif; ESpfaygi;frsm;pGmudk ysif;&daNcmufaoGUpGm
Nzwfoef;vmNyD;aemuf NAKef;ceJqkdovdk cspfcifwG,fwmp&maumif;
onfh aoG;&if;om;&if; aqGrsdK;topfuav;tNzpf wlri,fuav;ukd
&if;eSD;uRrf;0if&onf/ 4if;rSm r*Fvm&Sdaom aNymif;vJNcif;yifNzpf
onf/
aemufwpfckrSm azaz\ taNymif;tvJ Nzpfonf/
azazonf aiGaMu;csrf;omaom a&eHwGif;pm; NzpfaomaMumifh
txdkuftavsmuf ol aygif;oif;ae&onfh bDtkdpdt&m&Sd rsufeSmNzL
rsm;udk tm;uswwfol r[kwf/ odkUaomf rsufeSmNzLt&m&Sdrsm;udk
qefUusifNcif;? tNypfwifNcif;wkdUudkvnf; NyKvkyfwwfonfr[kwf/
azazh wGif;ESpfwGif;rSm bDtkdpD ukrÜPDodkU wGif;,miSm;&rf;vTJaNymif;
onfhpmcsKyfNzihf tESpf 30 Mum pmcskyf csKyfqkdNyD; aNriSm;NyD;Nzpfonf/
xkd bDtkdpDukrÜPDt&m&Sdrsm;eSihf qufqH&mwGif rdrdu aNr&Sif?olwdkUu
aNriSm;[laom tawG;udk tNrJawG;avh&Sdonf/ odkUaomfazazonf
onfeSpfrSm aemufaNymif;vmonfh a&eH0ef rsufESmNzLBuD;rsm;eSihf
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

NyóemwufNyD;uwnf;u t*FvdyfrsufeSmNzLrsm;udk rdr\

d &efolo
zG,f owfrSwfum rkef;wD;emMunf;oGm;cJhonf/
xkda&eH0efu azazhwGif;&m aNrawGeSihfywfoufNyD; pum;aNymvdk
aMumif; od&í azazu olU&Hk;cef;odkUoGm;onf/ azazonf ydk;wm
zwfwm wdkufyHkeSifh rEÅav;ydk;vHkcsnfudk xoGm; vmoGm;0wfwwf
onf/ aemufydwfzdeyfb,fawmhrS rpD;bJ uwDÅygonf;BudK;ESihfaNc
nSyfzdeyfudkom pD;wwfonf/ odkUaomf aq;wHBudKufol Nzpfaom
aMumifh t*Fvdyfvkyf b&dkif,m;aq;wHudk tufcsf0yfaq;wHaq;xnhf
í tNrJaomufwwf\/ xkdtqiftNyiftwkdif; a&eHwGif;pm;ola|;
OD;NromtNzpf &Hk;odkU cyfrdefUrdefU azazoGm;cJhaomfvnf; a&eH0efonf
azazhtm; xdkif&ef ukvm;xkdif csray;cJh[k azazu cifrif;tm; a'g
owBuD; NyefaNymcJhygonf/
]]'Dawmh igu b,frSmxkdif&rSmvJ? Murf;Nyifu aumfaZmfay:rSm
xkdif&rSmvm;? a0;ao;w,f// a&eHwGif;pm;olaX;qkdwm olUxuf
tqifhredrfhblk;qkdwm Ny&rSmaygh}}
]]'Dawmh azaz bmvkyfovJ}}
]]bmpum;rS raNymcif 'Dtcef;rSmukvm;xkdifr&S&if uRefawmf
tNyifxGufr,fvkdU aNymypfvdkufw,fav? azazu olUvufatmuf
i,fom;vJ r[kwf? omrefvlwef;pm;vJ r[kwf? olUvJaMumufrae
ekdifygbl;/ tpkd;&tay: azaz bmtcGefta<u;rS ay;p&mvJ r&Sdbl;}}

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

xdktcgusrS rsufeSmNzLt*FvdyfBuD;u azazhtwGuf ukvm;xkdif

wpfvHk;udk tcef;axmihfrS oGm;,l&ef rif;aptm; trdefUay;cJhonf[k
qkdygonf/
wpfzufrSm t*FvdyfESihfywfoufí azazu oabmxm;wif;rm
vmcsdefwGif aiGtdrfuawmh bDtkdpDaq;&HkwGif aq;&HkAm[D&tvkyfor
tNzpf tvkyf0ifvkyfcJhonf/
]]aiGtdrfhtazuawmh uRefcsif;twlwl t*Fvdyf&JUuRefawmfhtNzpf
rcHekdifbl;vdkU aNymcJhwmqkd ... aiGtdrf}}
cifrif;u aiGtdrfhrsufeSmudk cyfqqMunhfí tNypfrwif&uf
onfh tm;rvdk tm;r& avoHuav;Nzifh pum;pyfMunhfcJhzl;onf/
aiGtdrfhrsufvHk;rsm; tenf;i,f rIefrdIif;oGm;ygonf/
]][kwfw,frr ... taz[m aoomoGm;a&m bDtkdpDukrÜPDrSm
vHk;0 tvkyfrvkyfoGm;cJhbl;/ 'gayr,hfrr&,f ... touf&SifaeekdifzdkU
odyfta&;BuD;wJh tcsdefrSm uRefrawmh b,folUuRef? b,f0ghuRef
&,fvdkU a&G;raeekdifygbl;/ vloufomNyD; aiG&wmcsif;vJ uGmao;
w,fav/ vkyfief;obm0eJU vlUtqifhtwef;csif;u uGmrSruGmbJ
NyD;awmh uRefrorD;av;twGuf uRefrrSm cGeftm;awG usefaezkdUvdk
ao;w,f r[kwfvm;/ tpfudkUudk arQmfvifh&w,fqkdwmuvJ
aqmufNzpfrS ausmif;'umNzpfrSmyg/ tcktvkyfu vloufomw,f
rr&JU}}

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

aiGtdrfonf rif;acgifeSihfywfoufí cifrif;xifoavmuf r

arQmfvihfcJhygvm;[k xdktcsdefusrS cifrif;odvkduf&onf/ cifrif;u
awmh pdwful;,Of0wÅKawGxJuvdk rif;acgifESvHk; el;nHhaysmhaysmif;
oGm;NyD; aemifw&pdwfESihf oufnSmpdwfuav; 0ifvmum aiGtdrfha&SU
rS rm;rm;&yfNyvdkufavrvm;[k tarQmfvihfBuD; arQmfvihfcJhonf/ xkd
arQmfvihfcsufNzihf tdEd´,rS Nyefvmaom armifav;udk pdwfvIyf&Sm;pGm
BudKqdkrdonf/
]]aNzekdif&JUvm; armifav;}}
rif;acgifonf cifrif;xifonfxuf ydefusumEGrf;e,faeonf/
]]aNzawmh aNzcJhwmyJ rr? atmif ratmifawmh ESpfv oHk;vaerS
od&r,fxifw,f? atmifayr,hfvJ a&G;csifrS a&G;wmyg? odyfawmh
arQmfvihfxm;vdkU r&bl;av}}
xkdnwGif armifav; cifrif;tcef;xJokdU wdwfwqdwf0ifvm
aomtcg cifrif; aysmf&TifMunfel;oGm;ygonf/ olu wkd;wkd;uav;
ar;\/
]]rr ... uav;av; vS&JUvm;[if}}
rif;acgif\ rsuf0ef;rsm;wGif rNrif&ao;onfh orD;tay: cspf
cifwG,fwmonhf arwÅm&dyfNzihf awmufyaecJhonf/ cifrif;onf
rif;acgif\ vlyDoonfh pdwfxm;uav;udk cspfoGm;NyD; ckwifay:rSm
olxdkifekdif&ef vufqGJac:vdkufrdonf/

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

]]vSyghawmf .. rsufvHk;av;awGrsm; eufarSmif0dkif;pufvkdU?

ESmacgif;av;u armifeJUtawmfudk wlwmyJ}}
xkdtcg olUrsufeSm enf;enf;nSdK;oGm;onf/
]]armifav; aiGtdrfhqDukd oGm;awGUrSm r[kwfvm;}} [kar;vdkuf
aomtcg ol ydkíyif rsufeSmndSK;oGm;NyD; o9ufNyif;wpfcsuf&dIuf
vdkufavonf/
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]]tdk ... awGUcsif&if awGU&rSmaygharmif&JU? rrMuHzefyghr,f}}
cifrif;onf aumif;rIukodkvfwpfckck vkyf&awmhrnhfcHpm;csuf
rsdK;Nzihf pdwf&Tifvef;oGm;NyD; olwkdUESpfa,mufudk paeeHbk&m;t&kPf
Nyef auR;arG;vSL'gef;onfhaeUwGif awGUNrifcGifh&atmif aqmif&Gufay;
vdkufonf/ cifrif;wdkUonf vwpfv\ OykofBudK&ufwpf&ufwGif
paeeHbk&m;ü paeeHbk&m;ü qGrf;awmfuyfum nae vmorQy&dwf
owfudk pm;aomufzG,f&m wpfckckNzihf auR;arG; {nhfcHavh&Sdygonf/
xkd&ufwGif wGif;&dk;? wGif;pm; rdwfaqGrsm;omru wGif;tvkyform;
rsm;udkyg zdwfMum;wwfonfNzpf&m aiGtdrfeSihf armifav; xkdnae
wGif bk&m;ü awGUqkHEIwfqufrnfqkdygu {nhfy&dwfowf\ rsuf
arSmufwGif uJh&JUp&mNzpfrnf[k rxifay/
aiGtdrfonf tpfudkUudk ta0;uyifNzpfap Nrif&vQif auseyfyg
NyD[k wrf;wpGmNzihf arQmfvihfaecJhol NzpfaomfaMumifh paeeHbk&m;&if
Nyifawmfay:wGif tpfudkeifh wpfcP pum;aNym&onfh tcg 0rf;om
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

vdIufvSJvGef;aomaMumifh rrar aNymNyowday;xm;onhf [efaqmif

rIudkyif arhavsmhoGm;cJhonf/ &Spfvt&G,f orD;uav;onf aiGtdrfh
&ifcGifxJrSm aumhxkd;um xGufoGm;wwfNyD;? bk&m;&ifNyifawmfay:okdU
av;bufaxmuf oGm;wwfNyD/ rraru £aNE´&& eIwfqufvsuf
MumZH[if;cg; wkdufaomtcg aiGtdrfonf rsufvTmcsvsuf uav;
udk vdkufvHzrf;ayGU[efaqmif&if; &,farmedkifcJhonf/ aiGtdrfESihftpf
udkonf rrar\ tusÐpudk qGJudkifvsuf rwfwwf&yfzdkUBudK;pm;ae
aom orD;udk ai;armMunhf&if;u rdrdwdkUtem*wfudk aqG;aEG;zdkU r0Hh
&JbJ aeaumif;vm;? pmar;yGJaNzekdifvm;[laom avmu0wfpum;
rsm;udkom ryGihfwyGihf aNymqkda&&Gwfvsuf t&kPfaygif;y&dwfowf
a&SUwGif xdef;csKyfcJhMu&onf/
okdUaomf rif;acgif\&ifxJwGif vdIufvSJpGm &,farmwwfaom
orD;av; 0ifa&mufekdifcJhNyD[k cifrif;xifonf/ taMumif;u rif;
acgifonf orD;twGuf ... [k olUvufpGyfwpfuGif;udk yef;wdrfrSm
oGm;tyfNyD; qGJBudK;ao;ao;rQifrQifuav; vkyfckdif;cJhaomaMumifhNzpf
onf/ xkdqGJBudK;av;\ avmhuwfNym;uav;rSm ywÅmNzihf zGihfydwfí
&aom bJOyHkaowÅmNym;uav;NzpfNyD; xdktwGif; rsufeSmwGif rif;
acgifonf olU"mwfyHkao;ao;rTm;rTm;uav; xnhfay;xm;\/
]]rr ...a[m'DqGJBudK;av;udk uav;twGuf oGm;ay;vdkufyg}}
xkdqGJBudK;udk orD;av;tdrfpdk;artm; qGJay;pOf cifrif;eSifhaiGtdrf
rsuf&nfa0hvnfum Munfel;csrf;aNrUcJh&\/

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

]]orD;rSm azaz&Sdw,f ...? a[m'Davmhuwfav;xJrSm orD;az

az&Sdw,f}}
rif;acgifonf uav;\avmhuwfudk wpfa,mufa,mufzGihf
MunhfvdkufrSmudk rpkd;&drfrdbl;vm;/ odkUr[kwf þudpo ö nf rif;acgif
&ifqkdifzdkUqHk;Nzwfvdkufonfh owdÅwdkU\tpayvm;? cifrif;onf rif;
acgif\ &J0ifhrI? aNzmihfrSefrItwGuf *kPf,lzdkU apmihfarQmfaecJhonf/
odkUaomf 1926ckeSp\ f taNymif;tvJrsm;wGif rif;acgifonf cif
rif;vdkufrrDekdifatmifyif tqkd;rS taumif;odkU? taumif;rStqkd;odkU
vsifNrefpGm aNymif;vJcJhavonf/
1926ckESpfwGif cifrif;wdkUeSihf wkduf&dkufroufqkdifaomfvnf;
oG,f0dkufaomenf;Nzihf oufqkdifaeaom tNzpftysufwpfckrSm
cHukef;a&eHaNrrS tvkyform;rsm; oydwfarSmufMuNcif;yifNzpfonf/
1920 ckeSpfuwnf;u NidrfoufaecJhaom a&eHaNronf ,cktcgqlyl
tHk<uvsuf&SdNyD/ onfawmhrSyif a&eHaNr\ NidrfoufNcif;onf ayguf
uGJ&ef t&dSef,laeonfh rD;awmifwpfc\ k NidrfoufNcif;rsdK;NzpfaMumif;
cifrif; odvkduf&onf/ aygufuGJrIonf cHukef;rS wGif;ukef;odkU
tenf;i,fom ul;pufNyD; vufrSwfukef;ESihf ab;rJhokdU a&mufrvm
cJhay/ cifrif; touf 26ESpft&G,ftxd a&eHaNr\ oydwfrsm;udkMuHK
zl;ygonf/ touf 15ESpft&G,fu tar&duefwGif;wl;Adkvfrsm;\
oydwfudk yxrqHk;MuHK&onf/ odkUaomf cifrif;onf xkdtcsdefu
rif;bl;txufwef;ausmif;rSm ynmoGm;oifaeoNzihf oydwfonf
cifrif;tm; tHhMorIeSihf A[kokwuvGJí bmcHpm;csufrS ray;cJhay/
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

touf 17 ESpft&G,fwGif aemufxyfMuHK&aomoydwfwpfckrSm

bDtkdpD a&eHaNr Nrefrmtvkyform;rsm;\ odydwfNzpfonf/ okdUaomf
xkdoydwfukdvnf; cifrif; taotcsm rMuHKvdkuf&? arar aer
aumif;NzpfaeoNzihf tdrfrSm bmowif;rS arar rodatmif wdwf
qdwfNidrfoufaeap&m vlemNyKpkol cifrif;vnf; bmowif;rSrMum;
cJh&/ xkdUaMumifh xdwfvefUwkefvIyfrIeSihf cifrif; a0;cJh&onf/ arar
qHk;oGm;onfhtcg a&eHaNroydwfvnf; NyefvSefNyD;NyD? tm;vHk;Nidrf
oufoGm;NyD/ xkdtcsdeu f srS NzpfNyD;oGm;onfh oydwfukd Mum;&onf
Nzpf&m ararhtwGuf ylaqG;aomu a&mufaeaom cifrif;onf o
ydwfowif;aMumihf tenf;i,frQyif rwkefvIyfcJh&ay/
onfwpfcg oydwfuawmh cifrif;xHokdU tHhMowkefvIyfrIrsm;ESihf
pkd;&drfaMumifh&GUHrIrsm;udk o,faqmifvmcJhonf/ onfwpfcgom cif
rif;udk,fwkdifudk,fus MuHKawGUcJh&Ncif; Nzpfonf/ [efaqmifaumif;
onfh rsufeSmNzLt*Fvdyft&m&Sdrsm; tenf;i,f [efysufoGm;onfudk
apmihfMunhf&if; cifrif;onf tqkd;xJrS taumif;wpfckck MuHK&avr
vm;[k arQmfvifhcJh&\/
cifrif; aysmf&TifMunfel;&ovkd xdwfvefUacsmufcsm;oGm;&aom
taNymif;tvJrSm rif;acgifyif Nzpfonf/
arvukefcgeD; &ufwpf&ufrSm &efukefrS oHMudK;pmrsm; a&muf
vmonf/ armifav;rif;acgifonf e,l;a'vDrSm aNzqdkcJhonfh tkdifpD
tufpf0ifcGihf pmar;yGJatmifNrifNyDwJh/ xkdUNyif bdvyfodkU tkdifpDtufpf
tprf;cefU&mxl;Nzihf eSpfESpfoifwef; oGm;a&mufynmoif&rnfwJh/
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

cifrif;\ b0rSmtaysmfqHk;tcsdef b,f[mvJ[k ar;vmvQif armif

av;\ pmar;yGJatmifowif; od&aomtcsdef[k ckdifrmpGmaNymNyekdifyg
vdrhfrnf/ um,uH&Sif rif;acgif\ rsufESmxm;uawmh arQmfvifhxm;
vdkUyJvm;? odkUr[kwf 0rf;omNcif; 0rf;enf;Ncif;wkdUudk rsufESmrSm
ray:atmif [efaqmifxdef;csdKyfrIynm tusihfygaevdkUyJvm; rod?
odyf0rf;omvSyHk rNyacs/
armifav; bdvyfoGm;&rSm ....? bdvyfqkdwm pmtkyfxJrSmzwf&?
Nrif&orQawmh tvGefcrf;em;BuD;us,fonhfNrdKUyJ/ cifrif;onfbdvyf
oGm;&rnfh armifav;twGuf tvGefaysmf&TifaecJ\ h / armifav;ynm
oifMum;cGihf&&ef cifrif;wkdUu tpdk;&tm; ra&TUraNymif;ekdifonfh
ypönf;ydkifqkdifrINyí aiGwpfaomif;wef tmrcHxm;&rnf[k od&aom
tcg cifrif;pdwfxJrSm tenf;i,f rausreyf NzpfoGm;onf/
]]tJ'g ... rif;udk r,HkwJhoabmvm;[if}}
cifrif;ar;awmh armifav;u cyfayghayghyif NyHK;NycJhavonf/
]]bdvyfuNyefvm&if armifav;u t*FvdyfBuD;awGeJU twlwl
w&m;cGifrSm w&m;pD&if&rSmqkd ....}}
cifrif;ar;awmhvnf; rif;acgif cyfoJhoJhom NyHK;aecJhonf/
]]t*Fvdyfu Armtay:w&m;pD&ifwmeJUpm&if Armu Armtay:
w&m;pD&ifwJhtcg ArmydkNyD; oufomrSmayghaemf ...armifav;}}
onfawmhvnf; rif;acgifu oabmuspGm NyHK;a,mifa,mifNzihf
NidrfoufaecJ\
h /
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

rif;acgif[m pdwfvIyf&Sm;rIudk awmfawmf xdef;csKyfekdifolygvm;

[k cifrif; oabmuscJh&\/ odkUaomf NAKef;ceJ rif;acgif vufxyf
awmhrnf[k cifrif;odvdkuf&aomtcgrSmawmh rif;acgifonf pdwfukd
xdef;csKyfekdifNcif; r[kwfbJ aoG;at;Ncif;om NzpfaMumif; oabm
aygufoGm;onf/
wGif;BuD; rif;pk&yfrS wGif;&dk;olaX; OD;armifarmifBuD;\orD;
wifwifat;eSihf rif;acgif vufxyf&ef azaz pDpOfvdkufawmh cifrif;
wkefvIyfacsmufcsm;oGm;ayr,hf rif;acgifu rwkefrvIyf&SdvSonf/
]]om; bdvyfrSm ESpfESpfawmif MumrSmqkdawmh om;udk azazpdwf
rcsbl;? [kduae tNzLrawG bmawGac:vm&if azazt&SufuGJ&OD;
r,f}}
rif;acgifu &,farm\/
]]aMomf ... azazu uRefawmfhudk txifao;vdkUukd rNyD;Ekdifawmh
bJudk;? wpfrsdK;NyD; wpfrsdK;ygvm;}}
]]bmvJuG ... rif; r,lbl;vdkU Niif;rvkdUvm;}}
azazu wif;rmpGmar;awmh rif;acgif ycHk;wGefU\/
]]azaz ,lqkdvJ,lvkduf&HkygyJAsm ... uRefawmfhtwGufuawmh
oifcsifwJhynm oifae&&if auseyfaeygNyD/ wifwifat;vJ vSom;
yJ? tusihfodu©mwdkU bmwkdUawmh uRefawmfrodbl;/ azaz a&G;ay;
wmaemf ... ol rpGH&if tJ'g azazhtNypfyJ}}

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

azazESihf cifrif;onf rif;acgif\rsufvHk;rsm;udk pl;pdkuftuJ

cwfaeMu\/ odkUaomf bmt&dyfta&mifrQ ray:vGifcJh/
]]armif .... rif;wu,f vufxyfrvdkUvm;}}
wkd;wkd;BudwfBudwf cifrif;ar;awmh cyfNyHK;NyHK;yif rif;acgif
aNz\/
]]b,fhES,fvkyfrvJ .... azazu pDpOfaeNyDav}}
cifrif; tHBudwfvdkufrdonf/
]]'gayr,fh... taMumif;wpfckckNyNyD; aemufqkwfckdif;vdkU&om;yJ}}
]]bmxl;rSmvJ rr&,f? azazhudk rvdrfcsifawmhygbl;}}
rdrdukd,fwkdi\
f qHk;NzwfcsufaMumifh enf;enf;rQ aemifw&ae
[efray:onfh at;pufpufrsuf0ef;rsm;udk cifrif; pdrf;um;pGmMunhf
rdonf/ azazhudk rvdrfcsifvdkU a,muFsm;odu©mukd [dk;zdeyfatmuf
a&mufatmif csypfvdkufNyDvm;/ arG;xm;onfu om;a,muFsm;av;
r[kwf? orD;rdef;uav;/ cifrif;onf rif;acgiftm; tHMowkefvIyf
pGm ai;Munhf&if; em;rvnfekdifatmif &Sdawmhonf/ rif;acgif[m vl
vdr®mav; wpfa,mufvm; .../odkUr[kwf rdkuf&dkif;yufpufonfh vl
wpfa,mufvm; .../
rif;acgif vufxyfrnfhowif;udk wNcm;ae&mrS Mum;vQif &kyf
ysufqif;ysuf rwkefvIyfapvdkoNzihf aiGtdrfhtm; cifrif;udk,fwkdif zGihf
aNymcJhygonf/ cifrif; arQmfvihfxm;ovdk aiGtdrf aqmufwnf&mr&
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

wkefvIyfroGm;cJh/ &dIufBuD;wiif ridkcJh/ atmuf[pfaygufuGJemMunhf;

rypfcJh/ rsuf&nfwpfpufrQyif ruscJh/
okdUaomf orD;udk &ifcGifrSm wif;wif;usyfusyf zufwG,faxG;
ayGUvsufu rsuf0ef;rsm; azsmhrSdefawGa0oGm;um Murf;cif;udk pdkuf
Munhfvsuf rvIyfr,Suf NidrfoufoGm;cJhonf/ bmpum;ukdrS rqkd/
bmvIyf&Sm;rIrS rNy/ puúefUaygif;rsm;pGm .... xdkUaemuf rdepfaygif;rsm;
pGm .../ xdkUaemuf ........
cifrif;udk tm;,líMunhfvdkufaom rsufvHk;rsm;onf vlao
wpfa,muf\ rsufvHk;rsm; Nzpfae\/ cifrif;wkefvIyfpGm yifouf
wpfcsuf &dIufrdoGm;onf/ rif;acgiftwGuf aiGtdrfaooGm;wmvm;?
odkUr[kwf aiGtdrfhtwGuf rif;acgifaooGm;wmvm;/ wpfa,muf
a,mufawmh &SifvsufeSihf aoqHk;oGm;NyD Nzpfavonf/

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

(6)

NymvJhaom aumif;uifatmufwGif NrifuGif;onf rqHk;ekdif

atmifcrf;em;NrihfNrwfí aeavonf/ {&m0wDNrpfonf ppfukdif;NrdKU
udk ododomomyif auGU0dkufum pD;qif;vsuf&Sdonf/ {&m0wDNrpf
\ ta&SUbufurf;qDwGif a&TMuuf,ufESihf a&TMuufusnDaemifap
wD ESpfqludk Nrif&onf/ xkdUaemuf {&m0wDNrpfudk Nzwfvsufacguf
wHkUacgufNyef ul;oef;aeMuaom iSuforÁmeful;wkdUavSrsm;? Nrpf
aMumif;twkdif; txufatmuf pkefqefoGm;vmaeaom avSBuD;avS
i,frsm;ESihf rD;oabFmrsm;ukd Nrif&onf/ cyfvSrf;vSrf;rSm eHeufcif;
aeNcnfatmufü NymvJhrdIif;ndkUaom rif;0Hawmifwef; ... xkdUaemuf
Munfhav&m&mrSmawmh a&Ta&mifawmufyaeonfh bk&m;ykxdk;rsm;yif
Nzpfonf/
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olUZeD; vufndk;nTefNy&modkU olwpfcsufomMunhfNyD; acgif;
ndwfvdkufonf/ wifwifat;onf olUudkpawGUcsdefuwnf;u tpf
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

udk[kom ac:cJh\/ olonf wifwifat;\ tpfudk[kac:oHatmuf

wGif t&m&mudk a&maxG;pGm cHpm;vsuf pdwfusOf;usyf&qJNzpfonf/
a&eHacsmif;urdef;rawG[m tpfudk[lonhf toHk;tEIef;xufydkí roHk;
wwfMuawmhbl;vm;/ &efukef,leDAmpDwDu tcsdKUoli,fcsif;rrsm;
onf olwkdUtwGJrsm;udk 'gvif? udkudk [kac:Mu\/ olUudk ]rif;}[k
wpfvHk;wnf; tzsm;qGwfac:NyD; olUtem;rSm tNrJwG,fuyfcsifae
aom rdef;uav;wpfa,mufudk MuHKcJhzl;\/ ,ckawmh olUtNzpfonf
&,farmekdifrnfqdkvQif &,farmcsifp&m/ wifwifat;\ ydkifpdk;aom?
aocsmaom tpfudk[k ac:oH Mum;&wkdif; rsufeSmi,f rdef;uav;
wpfa,muf\ r0Hh&Jaom? raocsmaom ]tpfukd}ac:oHudk Nyefvnf
owd&rdonf/
aiGtdrf ...../
aiGtdrfhtaMumif;udk awG;rdwkdif; t&m&mudk pepfusus aocsm
wwfaom olonf raocsmaom cHpm;rIwpfckukd cHpm;&onf/
igrSm;oGm;ovm;/ rdef;uav;wpfa,muf\ b0ESihf&if;eSD;NyD;
rdrd\ynma&;ukd wnfNrJatmif vkyf,lcJh&onf/ tNypfrJhonfhuav;
av;wpfa,mufudk &ufpufpGm zsufqD;owfNzwfypfzkdU qHk;Nzwfwkduf
wGef;NyD; rdrd\ynma&;ukd qufvuf wnfwefUzkdUBudK;pm;cJhonf/
rdrdtay: tvGefcspfNyD; tvGef*kPf,lonhfzcifukd wpfqihfNyD; wpf
qifhvdrn f mvQdKU0SufcJhonf/ þudpt
ö m;vHk;\ &nf&G,fcsufrSm wpfck
wnf;omNzpf\/ ckvdk tkdifpDtufpfwpfa,mufNzpfzdkU ... ,ckvdk vuf
axmufrif;BuD;b0Nzihf crf;em;*kPf,lpGm b0udk pekdifzdkU .../
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

ol rrSm;yg/ þudpöonf a&G;cs,frIwpfckyif Nzpfonf/ vltm;

vHk;onf rdrd a&G;cs,frIeSihfrdrd qHk;NzwfcsufawGcsum rdrdBudKufonfh
tvkyfudk vkyf,laeMuonfcsnf;yif Nzpfonf/
azazonf a&eHwGif;pm;tNzpfudk rufarmonf/ a&eHwGif;ESpf
wGif; oHk;wGif;rS ckepfwGif; &SpfwGif;NzpfzdkU þbDtkdpDukrP
Ü Dudk csay;
iSm;&rf;aom wGif;rsm; rsm;onfxufrsm;zkdU? xkda&G;cs,frIrsm;twGuf
zdk;zdk;BuD; Nzpfapcsifaom NrdKUtkyf&mxl;udk y,fcscJhonf/
aiGtdrfonf vdyfNymoefUcsifolwpfOD; Nzpfonf/ ol&Jaumif;
qefvdkolwpfOD; Nzpfonf/ tNypfrJh uav;av;udk rowf&ufEkdifyg
...[laom u&kPmpdwfonf aumif;rI ukodkvfNzpfonf[k ,lqum
ol\wdkufwGef;awmif;yefrIudk y,fcsvsuf uav;udk arG;cJhonf/
odkUr[kwf rdrduav;\ rsufeSmudk NrifvkdufvQif vlwpfa,muf qHk;
NzwfNyD;aom cdkifrmaocsmrIrsm; ,drf;,dkifaysmhnHoGm;ekdifonf[k arQmf
vifhcJhwm NzpfcsifNzpfekdifonf/ bmyJNzpfNzpf aiGtdrfonf uav;udk
arG;&ef udk,fydik fqHk;NzwfcsufNzihf a&G;cs,fcJholwpfa,muf Nzpfonf/
wifwifat;onf olUxuf oHk;eSpfi,fonf/ olUudk wpfcgwpf
&HrSom awGU&NyD; rcifrif? r&if;eSD;cJhaomfvnf; ol\acsmarmaom
&kyf&nfESihf bdvyfNyefNzpfawmhrnf[laom &mxl;udk cifrifoabmus
cJhonf/ a&eHwGif;pm;om; tNzpfum; wifwifat; rufarmzG,f&m
r[kwfvS/ *kPfcsif;xyfvQif Nrwfonf[k ,lq&Hkom&Sdonf/ wif
wifat;\ zcifonf olUzcifxufyif ydkí*kPf&Sdaom wGif;pm;&dk;
wpfa,mufNzpfonf/ olwkdU wGif;pm;&kd;qkdonfu rdrdwkdU wGif;pm;
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

awGvdk aiG&SdíwGif;0,fNyD; wGif;pm; trnfcHolrsm; r[kwfMuay/ [kd;

ya0oPD Nrefrmbk&ifrsm; vufxufuwnf;u a&eHacsmif;a&eHaNr
udk tydkifpm;&aom wGif;&dk; 24 a,mufwkdUrS aygufzGm;qif;oufvm
Ncif;Nzpfonf/ Nreffrm &Sifbk&ifvufxufrSpí t*Fvdyfrif; tkyfpkd;
csdeftpydkif;txd? wdwdususaNym&vQifawmh ol 4-5-6 ESpfom;t
&G,ftxd wGif;BuD; rif;pk&yfwGifaexkdifaom wGif;BuD;rif;\xHwGif
ydwfNzL ydwfeDNzifh uefawmhí wpfESpfwpfBudrf wGif;&mawmif;cGihf &Sd
onf/ vufnSdK;nTef&m a&eHNzpfonf[k cyfomomuJuJ aNymvdku
aNymedkifygonf/ a&eHwGif;&mrsm;udk tvum;ydkifqdkifcGihf&Sdaom *kPf
xl;aqmif wGif;&dk;rsm;\b0onf rnfrQ crf;em;wifhw,fvdkufygo
enf;/ wpfckyJ &Sdonf/ wifwifat;onf zcif wGif;&kd;Nzpfaom
aMumihf a&eHwGif;rsm;pGmudk pm;&apumrl zcif\ wGif;&dk;&mxl;udk
orD;Nzpfolu qufcHydkifcGihf r&Sd/ wifwifat;\ armifNzpfaom wif
armifat;u wGif;&dk;tNzpf qufcH&onf/ wifarmifat;onf vuf
xyfNyD;aemuf ,cktcsdeftxd orD;rdef;uav;om arG;zGm;oNzihf zcif
\ wGif;&dk;rsdK;qufudk xkdorD;aNr;ru vufcHydkifcGihfr&Sd/ wifwif
at;onf olESihf vufxyfNyD;aemuf olbdvyfrSm&SdaepOf om;uav;
armifat;atmifudk arG;zGm;ay;cJhonf/ tu,fíom wifarmifat;ü
om;a,muFsm;av; rarG;zGm;cJhvQif rdr\ d om; armifat;atmifonf
OD;armifarmifBuD;ESihf wifarmifat;wkdU\ wGif;rsdK;&dk;ukd qufcH&ay
vdrfhrnf/
okdUayr,hf tJ'gu bmxl;Ncm;ovJ ..../ wGif;&dk;yJ NzpfNzpf?
wGif;pm;yJ NzpfNzpf ,ckacwfrSmawmh bmrS rxl;Ncm;awmhyg/ rdrdwkdU
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

onf edkifiHNcm;om;rsm;vdk oHNirf;pifrsm;? vGefoGm;wyf vQyfppf puf

armif;rsm;Nzihf a&eHwl;ekdifMuonf r[kwf/ twwfynm bmwpfckrQ
r&Sd/ Nrefrma&eHwGif;qkdonfrSm a&wGif;wl;ovdkygyJ? bmrsm;uGmNcm;
vdkUvJ/ wGif;&dk;yJNzpfNzpf? wGif;pm;yJNzpfNzpf aemufqHk;awmh bDtdkpD
ukrÜPDudk wGif;&miSm;&rf;NyD; ESpf 30 pmcsKyfeSihf rNzpfpavmuf aiG
aMu;av;awG ,lae&onf r[kwfvm;/ iSm;&rf;crSm bDtkdpDrS
xkwf,l&&Sdaom a&eHwpfayygvQif Nym; 50 EIef;om &&Sdonf/olwkdU
u pufESihftvkyform; pdkufxkwfonfhtwGuf wpfayygvQif av;
usyfcGJavmuf ,laeonf/ rdrdwdkUonf wGif;&m&SdygvQufESihf twwf
ynmr&SdaomaMumifh olrsm;u cGJa0ay;onfh t&dk;t&if;udkom ,lae
Mu&olrsm;Nzpfonf r[kwfvm;/
oluawmh a&eHwGif;udk i,fpOfuwnf;u rrufarmcJhay/ olU
toufNynhfvQif a&eHwGif;rsm;ukd olUemrnfNzifh vTJaNymif;ay;rnf[k
azazu aNymzl;onf/ olvdkcsifonfu a&eHwGif;rsm; r[kwf/ ol
onf i,fpOfuwnf;u &mxl;*kPfodu©mudk rufarmonf/ a&eH0ef
\ tdrfa&SUrS NzwfoGm;wkdif; BuD;us,fcrf;em;aom tqiftNyif?
taqmifta,mifrsm;? tvkyf&Iyfaeaom bGdKifukvm;rsm;? Nrufcif;
Nyifudk aeUpOfvSyatmif oaeonfh rmvDrsm;? xnf0gcefUnm;onfh
ZdrfcHum;rsm; ponfwkdUeSihf 0kdif;0dkif;vnfaeaom vlwkdif;\ bk&m;
xl;Ncif;cHae&aom a&eH0ef\ *kPfxl;ukd tm;usonf/
]]azaz ... uRefawmf olUvdkNzpfcsifw,f}}

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

6ESpfom;t&G,fwkef;u ol azazhudk aNymawmh azazoabmus

pGm &,farmcJ\ h / [dkwkef;u ta&;ydkif&mxl;? 0efaxmuf&mxl;rsm;udk
t*Fvdyfonf NrefrmwkdUtm; b,fawmhrQ ray;cJhay/ ol i,fi,fu
tdkifpDtufpf&mxl;onf rsufESmNzLt*Fvdyfrsm;twGufomNzpfonf/
xkdUaMumifh 6ESpfom;t&G,f Nrermuav;wpfa,mufu tkdifpDtufpf
&mxl;&zkdUqkdonfrSm pdwful;,Oftdyfrufwpfckom NzpfcJ\ h / okdUaomf
wNznf;Nznf; umvMumNrihfvmonfESihftrQ taNctaeonf aNymif;
vmonf/ ,ckqkdvQif tkdifpDtufpf&mxl;udk NrefrmwcsdKU &aeMuNyD/
NrefrmwkdU\ t&nftcsif;eSihf BudK;pm;rIudk t*Fvdyftpdk;&u todt
rSwfNyKvmcJhNyD/ ol\ tdyfrufwpfckawmh taumiftxnfay:cJhNyD/
olUtdyfruf\ tpydkif;om Nzpfao;\/ a&SUqufí taumiftxnf
azmf&ef olBudK;pm;&OD;rnf/ ta&;ydkif? c&kdif0eftqifhrS twGif;0ef&m
xl;udk ol &&rnf/ &mxl;rS tNidrf;pm;,lNyD;vQif rauG;c&kdif (a&eH
acsmif;)\ vTwfawmftrwfNzpf&ef a&G;aumufyGJ 0ifrnf/ olonf
tNidrf;pm; b0Nzihf ekdifiHa&;avmuxJodkU aNcpHkypfí 0ifvdkufrnf/
þtdyfrufrsm; taumiftxnfazmfa&;twGuf vrf;rSmawGU
aom tcuftcJ twm;tqD;rsm;udk ol ausmfNzwfwefoihfvQif
ausmfNzwf&rnf/ z,f&Sm;wefoihfvQif z,f&Sm;&rnf/ vG,fulacsm
arGUonfh vrf;csdK;wpfckckudkawGUvQif xdkvrf;odkU ol ul;aNymif;Nzwf
oef;&rnf/ yef;wdkifudk a&muf&ef &nf&G,fcsufom t"du Nzpfav
onf/

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

rrcifrif;uawmh olUtm; twÅBuD;ol[k pGyfpGJcJhzl;onf/ ol

onf rrcifrif;udk owd&aomtcg NyHK;rdonf/ avmurSm bmudkrS
ra&G;cs,fbJ ta&G;cs,fcHypönf;tNzpf tvdkufoihf arsmygaeolrSm
rrcifrif;aryif Nzpfonf/
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awmhvdkUudk r&awmhbl;}}
olUvufxJa&mufvmonfh 00upfupf oefrmpGm &kef;uefae
aom om;udk olcyfaNrSmufaNrSmufayGUxm;&if; rsufESmcsif;qkdifMunhf
í NyHK;vkdu\
f /
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Munhfprf; ... a[haumifBuD;}}
om;onf olUudkMunhfí cpfceJ&,fum pwif&kef;uefNyefav
onf/ om;\ tom;onf wifwifat;vdkyif NzlazG;oefUpif\/
rsufvHk;u oleSihfrwl/ wifwifat;\ rsuf&pfodyfrxif&Sm;aom
rsufvHk;ESihf oGm;wlonf/ okdUaomf ESmacgif;uawmh olUeSmacgif;t
ppfNzpfonf/ ao;oG,fí cRefvHk;aom eSmacgif;? xdkESmacgif;av;udk
ol rxd&ufxd&uf rdrdESmacgif;Nzihf tomxdvdkufaomtcg uav;
aygif'gteHUESihf ekdUeHUa&maeaom wpfESpfcGJ om;t&G,f uav;eHUonf
ESmacgif;xJrSm cspfpzG,f pGJNrJusef&pfcJhonf/

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

xkdESmacgif;av;eSihf tvGefwlaom eSmacgif;av;udk &xm;onfh

tNcm;uav;i,fwpfOD;udk owd&oGm;aomtcg om;udk Munhfae
onfh olUrsuf0ef;rsm; rIefrdIif; emusifoGm;cJhonf/
orD; ......../ orD;av; tdrfpdk;ar ...../
,ckqdkvQif orD;onf touf 3ESpfausmf? 4eSpfwGif;odkU 0if
a&mufaeayvdrhfrnf/ NyD;cJhonfhESpfrsm;twGif; orD;udk ESpfBudrfom
awGUcJhzl;\/ yxrtBudrfrSm paeeHbk&m;wefaqmif;rSm t&kPfNyef
onhf naecif;u .../ 'kwd,tBudrfrSm bdvyfodkUoGm;&ef anmifvS
oabFmqdyfokdUtqif; wpfnaecif;wkef;u ..../ xkdpOfu rdr\ d ab;
rSm topfpufpufZeD;onf wifwifat; &Sdaeonf/ rdrdukd *kPfNyK
aomtm;Nzihf odkufNrdKufcrf;em;pGm oabFmqdyfodkU vdkufvHydkUaqmif
Muaom aqGrsdK;rdwfo*F[rsm; 0dkif;0dkif;vnfvsuf&Sd&mrS olUrsufvHk;
onf urf;yg;oJaomifqif; wpfae&mü uav;i,fukd ayGUcsDí
onfbufodkU vSrf;arQmfai;armaeaom rdef;ri,fwpfOD;udk zswfceJ
Nrifvdku\ f /
olU&ifxJwGif xdwfvefUacsmufcsm;pGm at;puf wkef,ifoGm;&
onf/
aiGtdrf ..../ aiGtdrf bmvmvkyfwmvJ.../
olonf aiGtdrfhudk Nrifaomtcg ZeD;onfeSihf awmfawmfeD;uyf
aeaomrdrdukd,fvHk;tm; rodrom ab;okdUcGmvdkurf donf/ ZeD;onf

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

\rsufeSmudk wpfcsufMunhfrdawmh NyHK;NyHK;&,f&,fyif aqGrsdK;awGESifh

pum;aNymaecJh\/
a[m'gu udkrif;acgif&JUorD;yg ... [k vlyHktv,frSm csNyNyD;
t&SufcGJvdkufavrvm; .../
&SifhorD; &SifyJ arG;ayawmh usKyfrarG;ekdifawmhbl; ...[k uav;
udk rdrdvufxJ xdk;tyfum xGufaNy;avrvm; .../
olonf pdk;&drfxdwfvefUrIrsm;ESihf em;rvnfpdwfrsm; a&maxG;
um aiGtdrfhudk aemufwpfMudrf MunhfrdNyef/ olUrsufvHk;rS pdk;&drfaom
u udk aiGtdrfowdxm;rdoGm;[ef &Sdonf/ aiGtdrf cyfoJhoJh NyHK;vdkuf
avonf/ aiGtdrfhtNyHK;onf emMunf;aomtNyHK;vm;? okdUr[kwf
oa&mfaomtNyHK;vm;? odkUr[kwf eSpfodrfhtm;ay;aom tNyHK;vm;?odkU
r[kwf &J0HhpGmpdefac:aom tNyHK;vm; .... ol rod/
]]aumifrav; ighudkMunhfwJh rsufvHk;udk igrBudKufbl;}}
azazhpum;udk NAKef;ceJ trSwf&oGm;onf/ [kwfrSmayhg ... aiG
tdrf\ onftNyHK;rsdK;Nzihfyif azazhudk NyHK;MunhfcJhNcif; NzpfcsifNzpfyg
vdrfhrnf/ olwkdUom;tzrSmawmh aiGtdrfhtay:xm;aom tNriftrsdK;
rsdK;? udk,fwkdi\
f cHpm;csuf trsdK;rsdK;aMumihf aiGtdrfhtNyHK;udk trsdK;rsdK;
t"dyÜm,fazmfaecJhrdNcif; Nzpfygvdrfhrnf/ wu,fawmh aiGtdrfonf
olUudkcspfrduwnf;u ,cktcsdeftxd onftNyHK;wpfrsdK;wnf;udkom
NyHK;wwfaeawmhwmvnf; Nzpfekdifygonf/

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

xdkaeUu aiGtdrfonf bmt&dyfta,mifrS rNy? bmpum;rS

vnf; vmraNymbJ orD;i,fudk wif;wif;ayGUvsuf oabFmrxGufcGm
cif NyefvSnhfxGufoGm;cJhygonf/
bdvyfrSmae&aom ESpfeSpfumvrSawmh olonf aiGtdrfeSihforD;
i,fudk rqkdxm;ESihf ZeD;onf wifwifat;eSihf tpfr cifrif;arudkyif
owdr&NzpfcJhyg/ atmufpfzdkU'fwuúodkv\ f tHhMozG,f&mrsm;? vef'ef
NrdKU\ "avhxHk;pH txl;tqef;rsm;ESihf cufcJvSaom oifcef;pmrsm;
tMum;wGif ol t&m&mudk arhavsmhxm;cJh&onf/ Nrif;pD; pmar;yGJrsm;
atmufufzdkU'for*¾\tawGUtBuHKNrifuGif;rsm;? tdk;vfabbD&mZ0wf
w&m;&Hk;BuD;rS NrifuGif;rsm; ... tm;vHk;onf olUtwGuf avhvmrSwf
om;í rukefekdifatmif &SdcJhonf/
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ay;xm;w,f}}
ZeD;onfa&;vkdufaompmudk zwf&onhftcgrSmvnf; odyftxl;
tqef; 0rf;omroGm;cJh/ tenf;i,ftHhMo&Hkom &SdcJhonf/ rdrdESihfZeD;
onf vufxyfNyD; aygif;oif;&onfhtcsdefumvonf wkdawmif;vS
onfNzpf&m rdrdrSm NrefrmNynfü ZeD;wpfa,muf usefcJhonf[krSwf
rSwfxifxif owdr&onfhumv rsm;pGm&SdcJhonf/ ZeD;xHrS pmvm
aomtcgrsm;wGifom aMomf ... ighrSm rdef;rwpfa,muf &Sdaeygvm;
[k trSwf&&onf/ xkdUaMumihf xkdZeD;onfu om;uav; arG;zGm;
onf[k pma&;vdkufaomtcg yxr tHhMooGm;NyD; 'kwd, cHpm;rIrSm
tenf;i,f&SufaoG;Nzihf rsufeSm ylaEG;oGm;Ncif; Nzpfonf/
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

xdkcHpm;csuf tlaMumifaMumifBuD;udk om;uav; at;atmifu

pawGUawGUcsif; eHeufcif;rSmyif NAKef;ceJ z,f&Sm;ay;ekdifcJhonf/ om;
ighom;.../ om;tay: cspfcifpGm *kPf,lpdwfonf olUxHodkU csufcsif;
0ifa&mufvmcJhonf/
bdvyfrS Nyefa&mufa&mufcsif; bk&ifc\
H tdrfawmfokdU aeUv,f
pmpm;yGJzdwfMum;cH&NyD;oGm;a&mufpOfu bk&ifcHtm;vufqGJEIwfquf
&csdefwGif olUudk,fol &mxl;Nrihfrm;ol wpfOD;tNzpf *kPf,lcJhrdonf/
xdk*kPf,lrIonf awmfawmfBuD;rm;onf[k 0efcH&rnfNzpfaomfvnf;
om;uav; at;atmiftm; rdrd&ifrSNzpfaom om;[k ayGUcsDvdkuf&
onhfcPrSmyif bk&ifcHESihf vufqGJEIwfquf&onfh 0rf;omrIeSihf
rEdIif;,SOfekdifavmufatmif 0rf;om*kPf,laom cHpm;csufudk oabm
aygufoGm;cJh&onf/ olukd,fwkdi\ f rsdK;qufaoG;rS Nzpfay:vmaom
om; ..../
xkdom;udk ayGUcsDusDp,faepOfrSm orD;tdrfpdk;arudk owd&rdonfh
tcg olU&ifxJrSm cHpm;csufeSpfrsdK; ay:aygufcJh&\/ wpfckrSm aiGtdrf
tm; a'goeSihftNypfwifrdNcif; Nzpfonf/ aiGtdr\ f a&G;cs,frIaMumifh
orD;onf avmutv,frSm touf&Sif&yfwnfcGifh&onf/ odkUaomf
aiGtdrf\ a&G;cs,frIaMumifhyif orD;onf ywf0ef;usif\ uJh&JUrsuf
vHk;rsm;atmufrSm wpfoufvHk; rsufeSmi,foGm;&awmhrnf/
vifaumifray:bJ arG;wJhuav; ..../ zatemrnf razmfekdifwJh
uav; ..../

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

þ&Iwfcspum;rsm;? uJh&JUrsufvHk;rsm;udk uav;i,fonf b,f

vdk&ifqkdifekdifrvJ/ xkd'Pf&mrsm;aMumihf uav;\pdwfwGif rnfokdU
aNymif;vJoGm;rvJ/ uav;onf omrefuav;wpfa,muf\ vGwf
vyfrI? aysmf&TifrI? rdbtay: tm;udk;*kPf,lrI xdkcHpm;csufrsm;udk &&Sd
vmekdifyghrvm;/ uav;onf avmuBuD;wGif touf&SifvsufESihf
aoqHk;&rnf b0vm;/ uav;onf toufBuD;Nyif;vmonfhtcg rd
rdtouf&Sifvm&onfhtwGuf tarudk? avmuudk tNypfwifavr
vm;/ aozkdUvrf;udk a&G;cs,fcsifavmufatmif avmuonf uav;
tay:rSm &ufpufavrnfvm; ..../ xkdtawG;rsm;onf om;uav;
at;atmifudk pwifayGUcsDrdonhf tcsdefusrS olU&ifxJodkU 0ifa&muf
vmcJhNcif; Nzpfonf/
touf&SifrIonf toufaorIxuf aumif;onf[k olwdkUtm;
vHk; vufcHxm;cJhMu\/ xkded,mrwGif >cif;csuf b,feSpfrsdK; &Sdaeekdif
rvJ? ol roday/
aemufcHpm;csufwpfrsdK;rSm aiGtdrfhtm; aus;Zl;wifNcif; Nzpfonf
aiGtdrfonf owdÅaumif;olwpfOD; Nzpfonf/ aiGtdrfonf olUtm; Ny
óemwpfpHkwpf&m ray:aygufapbJ tNypfwpfpwavrS olUtay:
rwifcJhbJ orD;wpfa,mufudk t&SufrJhpGm? &J&ifhpGm arG;zGm;ay;cJhonf
xkdorD;av; avmutv,fodkU a&mufaeonhftwGuf aiGtdrfhudk ol
aus;Zl;wif&rSmyg/ wpfcsdefcsdefrSmawmh ZeD;onfukd trSeftwkdif;zGihf
aNymNyD; orD;av;udk &if;eSD;cspfcifpGm axmufyHhNyKpkvdkonf/
]]at;a& ... aeNrihfvmNyD? oGm;MupdkU}}
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

ppfudkif;awmifay:rS qif;vmonfhtcg awmifaNcwGif um;

armif;olu olUtm; c&D;OD;BudK t&kdtaoay;\/
]]tdrfudkyJ armif;uGm? trIwGJzdkif Nyef,l&OD;r,f}}
]]rSefyghbk&m; .....}}
olUausmxJrSmpdrfhceJNzpfoGm;um '&dkifbmarmifNrtm; rsufarSmif
BuKwfMunhfvdkufr\
d /
]]&dk;&dk; t&dktaoNyK&if awmfygNyDuGm ... tJ'D bk&m;qkdwJhpum;
BuD; xnhfraNymygeJUvdkU rif;udk ig b,feSpfcg aNym&rvJ}}
]]rSefygh rif;BuD;}}
olydkí pdwf&Iyfum rsufESmwpfzufvSnhfvdkufawmh wifwifat;
u vSpfceJNyHK;vdkufavonf/ olonf ykdíyif rvHkrvJNzpfoGm;\/w
u,fawmh olonf tvkyfoifb0rSmom &Sdao;\/ rif;BuD;vnf; r
[kwf?vufaxmufrif;BuD;b0om&Sdao;\/okdUaomf olonfvlawmf
awmfrsm;rsm;\ bk&m;xl;Ncif;udk cHae&NyD/ NrdKUykdifrsm;? vufaxmuf
NrdKUydkifrsm;uawmh Nrefrmtcsif;csif;NzpfaomaMumihfwpfaMumif;?rdrdu
touftpdwfomom vli,fuav;NzpfaeíwpfaMumif;? bk&m;rxl;
&ef BudKwifwm;Nrpfxm;aomaMumihf wpfaMumif; ... bk&m;rxl;Mu
ay/ odkUaomf e,fodkU &mZ0wfrIppfzdkU uGif;qif;&onfhtcgrsdK;wGif
&GmolBuD;rsm;ESihf awmifolv,form;rsm;u olUtm;bk&m;xl;í 'l;
wkyf cpm;Mu\/ xkdtcg olonf MuufoD;Nzef;ceJ xoGm;atmif
ausmxJu pdrfhoGm;&wwfonf/ rdrdtouft&G,fxuf ESpfqavmuf
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

oHk;qavmuf&SdolawGu Murf;NyifrSmxkdifí 'l;wkyfcpm;cH&onfhtNzpf

rSm awmfawmf pdwfrvkHrvJ Nzpfp&maumif;onf/ a&S;wkef;u &Sifbk
&ifrsm;? bk&ihfom;awmfrsm;? rI;rwfaoemywdrsm;onf rdrdxuft
oufBuD;olrsm;\ t&dktaoNyK 'l;wkyfcpm;Ncif;udk rnfonfhrmefpdwf
rsdK;Nzifh cH,lekdifcJhovJ/ oluawmh awGUorQ vlrsm;tm; rdrdukd bk&m;
rxl;&ef? 'l;wkyft&kdtao ray;&ef wif;usyfpGm wm;NrpftrdefUay;cJh
&\/
olwdkUonf olUudk xkdUxufydkí t*Fvdyfta&;ydkifrif;rsm;udk Nym;
Nym;0yf 'l;wkyfcpm;um bk&m;xl;aeMuaomfvnf; &ifxJu rauseyf
pdwf? rcHcsifpdwfwkdUrSm wNznf;Nznf;eSihf pkNyHKrsm;Nym;aeNyD Nzpfonf/
wpfNrdKUNrdKU?wpfae&m&mrSm vlwpfa,mufa,mufonf t*Fvdyftpdk;&
ukd rcHcsifí aemufvdkufi,fom;rsm; pkpnf;um udk,fhudk,fukdtao
cHvsuf wkdufyGJ0if csDwufvmwwfonfhtcsdef Nzpfonf/ 'dkiftmcD
tkyfcsKyfa&;udk olwdkU rauseyfMuay/ rauseyfonfh aus;&Gmom;rsm;
onf wpfa,mufuacgif;aqmifvdkufvQif xkdvltm; 0dkif;0ef;aNrSmuf
pm; tm;udk;í rqHK;ekdifatmif &Sdonf/ rMumao;rDumv ol bdvyf
rSNyefrvmcifu ppfudkif;e,fwpf0dkufwGifay:aygufcJhaomrif;avmif;
AE¨u\tNzpfrsdK;? vlwkdUonf rdrdt&Sif? rdrdbk&ifu tkyfcsKyfonfudk
rSm;rSm; rSefrSef NidrfcHvdkonfhqE´&SdMuaomfvnf; t*Fvdyftpdk;&vuf
atmufae&onfudk wpfaeUwNcm; cg;wD;rkef;wD;í vmayonf/
þESpfonf NrefrmekdifiHü qefpyg;aps; w&dyf&dyfusaomeSpfNzpf
onf/ awmifolv,form;rsm;eSihf aus;&Gmaevlxkonf tiwfab;
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

ESihf MuHKawGUae&NyD/ vlqkdonfrSm iwfvmvQif bmudkrSraMumufbJ

&ifqkdif&Jonhf owdÅ&Sdvmwwfonf/ xkdtaNctaewGif rif;apwpf
a,muf? vufaxmufwpfa,mufeSihf wpfcgwpf&H NrdKUykdifyg ygvsuf
wpfcgwpf&H NrdKUydkifrygbJ &Gmtxd 'kef;Nrif;ESif tvGwfoGm;&onfht
cg ol pdwfrokd;roefU Nzpfrdonf/ b,ftcsdefrSm "m;&Snfpm rdoGm;
avrvJ/ odkUaomf ol\ apwemESihf qufqHa&; aumif;rGefíyJvm;?
uHaumif;aeao;vdkUyJvm;? okdUr[kwf NrefrmNynfvlxkutdEd´,Nynf
olvlxkavmuf todOmPfr&Sdao;ívm; .... oltygt0if rnfonfh
AsL&dku&ufrQ bmtEÅ&,frS rawGU&ao;ay/ tkyfcsKyfa&; ,EÅ&m;
onf nifomacsmarGUpGm vnfywfvsuf &Sdavonf/
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udk tckupNyD; Nznf;Nznf;csif;odrf;oGm; .... Mum;vm;}}
ol um;ay:NyeftwuffrSm tdrfxJrS wifwifat; xGufvdkufvm
onf/
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olonf ppfukdif;wGif tvkyfoif vufaxmufrif;BuD;tNzpf
wpfeSpfwm0efxrf;aqmifNyD;NyDNzpfí Nrif;NcHe,fydkiftNzpftvkyfaNymif;
a&TUcefUxm;vdkufNyD Nzpfonf/ tpdk;& vcpm;b0 ae&mtwnfwus
r&Sdwwfí tdrfaxmif y&dabmuypönf;rsm;udk wwfekdiforQ r0,fbJ
xm;apcJhonf/ wifwifat;onf rdef;ryDyD ypönf;topftqef; pk
aqmif;csifonfh0goem &S\ d / ol awmfawmf uefUuGufxm;&onf/

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

,ckvdk csufcsif;aNymif;a&TU&rnfqkdawmh tpfudkaNymwm odyf[kwfwm

yJaemf ... [k ZeD;u &dk;&dk;av; axmufcHonf/
tdrfayguf0rSm rwfwyf&yfvsuf EGJUEGJUuav; vufNyusef&pfcJh
wwfaom ZeD;onfudk wpfcgwpf&H tNcm;rdef;uav;wpfOD;tNzpf
pdwful;NzihfNrifa,mifMunfhrdonfrSm pufqkwfzG,f&m tNypfBuD;awmh
r[kwfekdifbl;[k olUud,k fol ESpfodrfhr\
d /
aiGtdrf .../
'Dvdkb0rsdK;rSm aiGtdrfa&mufvmvQif uav;r\ NzLpif&Tef;vJh
aom rsuf0ef;uav;rsm; ta&mifvufeatmif MunfEl;aysmf&Tif&Smay
vdrfhrnf/ olonf wpfcPwm EGrf;e,foGm;aompdwfudk csufcsif;
NyefNyifvdkufonf/
tkd .... avurSm vlwef;pm;uGJNym;rIqkdwm &Sdukd&Sd&r,f/ tod
OmPft&? ynmt&? ADZt&... vlwef;pm;awGudk b,fvdkrS wpfom;
wnf;usatmif nSday;vdkU r&ygbl;/
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u trIdufvSnf;&wJhvlyJNzpfekdifrSmaygh/ wifwifat;[m wifwifat;
yJ? wGif;pm;&dk;orD;[m wGif;pm;acR;reJU e,fydkifuawmfNzpfwm 'go
bm0ygyJ/
ppfudkif;rS Nrif;NcHokdU oabFmNzihf aNymif;a&TUMuzdkU Nyifqifonfh
tcg wifwifat;u Nrif;NcHroGm;rD a&eHacsmif;okdU oGm;vdkygonf[k
ylqmonf/ txkyftydk; ypönf;rsm;uwpfzuf? om;uwpfzuf rekdif
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

reif;NzpfaerSmpdk;í Nrif;NcHrSm tvsif0ifNyD; ypönf;rsm; ae&mcsxm;NyD;

rS a&eHacsmif;odkUoyfoyf oabFmESihf pkefqif;Mu&ef ol tMuHNyKvdkuf
&onf/
]]ayay ...}}
om;\ ryDuvm yDuvm tazac:oHonf olUtm; pdwf&Iyf
axG; armyef;rI rSeforQrS uif;a0;vGihfNy,foGm;ap\/ oabFmvuf
&ef;rSm avw0l;0l; wkdufcwfvsuf&Sd&m olUycHk;ay:rSm om;ursufESm
arSmufum wcpfcpf &,farmaysmf&TifaecJ\ h / vdIif;rI;wwfaom wif
wifat;twGufawmh a&vrf;c&D;onf odyfMunfel;zG,f raumif;
acs/

om; r&Sdawmhaom aiGbHkomtdrfBuD;onf reSpfuxufydkíwdwf

qdwfNidrfoufaecJhvdrhfrnf/ ,ckrSyif tdrfBuD;pdkNynfvmvdrhfrnf[k
cefUrSef;tawG;Nzihf Nrif;vSnf;ay:rS qif;vdkufaomtcg olUtxifrSm;
,Gif;aMumif; odvdkuf&onf/
eHeufcif; aea&mifNcnfatmufwGif pdrf;pdkaom wkdufa&SUNrufcif;
Nyifay:ü vef;qwfaom? Eki,fao;auG;aom cspfpzG,f uav;r
i,fav;wpfOD; NrL;xl;pGm aqmhupm;vsuf &Sdavonf/ olonf
vufqGJom;a&aowÅmBuD;eSihf uav;a0,sm0pörsm;xnhfxm;onfh
Ncif;awmif;wkdUudk wpfzufwpfcsuf rekdifreif;qGJvsuf NcHxJ0ifvdkuf

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

csdefwGif olUrsufvHk;onf upm;aeaom uav;rav;xHokdU pl;pdkuf

oGm;\/
]][m .... armifrif;acgif? b,hfES,f NAKef;pm;BuD;/ tkd ... ay;ay;
'Dypönf;awG? rif;wkdUES,fuGm ... vSrf;taMumif;Mum;vdkuf&if OD;av;
oabFmqdyfudk vmBudKrSmayghuGJU? txrf;orm;av; bmav;rac:cJh
bJudk; }}
NcH0rS NcHxJokdU rdrdypönf; rdrdo,faqmifvmrdonfrSm BuD;pGm
aomtrIudpBö uD;vdkyif OD;bcifu tNypfwifoHwpf0uf? tm;emoH
wpf0ufESihf ysmysmovJ vmo,f,\ l / olUvufxJrS ypönf;rsm; OD;
bcifudk ay;vdkufNyD;aemuf uav;rav;xH ol wpfvSrf; wkd;oGm;rd
onf/
eufarSmifaysmhaysmif;aom qHyifrsm;udk Nrif;NrD;vdkNzpfatmif t
xufNrSihfNrSihf zJBudK;eDuav;Nzihf pnf;aESmifxm;aom el;nHhaysmhaysmif;
onfhrsufESmydkif&Sif 3-4ESpft&G,fuav;rav;onf upm;&mrS&yfNyD;
olwkdUxH vSrf;Munhfae\/ awmufy&Tef;vJhaom rsufvHk; MunfMunf
uav;rsm;rSm wGefUqkwfaMumufvefU[ef pdk;pOf;rQ r&Sd/ tNzLa&mif
*g0efzm;zm;uav;aMumihf uav\ tom;rsm; 0if;pifrGwfaeav
onf/
]]OD;av; ... [kduav;u b,fuvJ? b,folU uav;vJ ...}}
]]tJ ...}}

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

OD;bcif EIwfqGHtoGm;um aemufrSm uav;csDí ygvmaom

wifwifat;xH zswfceJ tMunhfa&mufoGm;\/ onfavmufqkd ol
&dyfrdygNyD/
[kwfyg&JU? uav;rav;\ rsufeSmrSm oli,fi,fu "mwfyHkxJ
u rsufESmyif Nzpfonf/ ao;oG,fí vHk;cRefaomeSmacgif; cyf&Snf
&Snf/ yg;vsm;um tzsm;aumhonfhEIwfcrf; ...? orD; 'gNzihforD;av;
tdrfpdk;araygh ........../
olonf aNcvSrf;eSpfvSrf;Nzihf uav;xH avQmufoGm;vdkufonf/
NyL;NyL;uav; armhMunhfaeaom uav;udk zswfceJ ayGU,lcsDrvdkuf
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uav;rav;onf rdrdtdrfr[kwfaom tdrfwpftdrfwGif rdrdrod
aom a,muFsm;BuD;wpfOD;u ayGUcsDvdkufí tenf;i,frQyif pkd;&drf
wkefvIyf[efr&Sd/ rsufvHk; awmufawmufuav; ydkívufoGm;atmif
yif NyHK;Nyvdkufao;\/ uav;rav;\ taNzrSm olUvdk e,fydkifwpf
a,muf b,fvdkrS rarQmfrSef;cJhaom taNzNzpfonf/
]]tkdifpDtufpf&JU orD;yg}}
bk&m;a& .../ olonf ypönf;wpfckckomqkdvQif rnfrQ tzdk;wef
onfNzpfap wkefvIyfpGm vTwfcsypfrdawmhrSmyJ/ odkUaomf olUvufxJ
u ypönf;onf uGJ&SvG,faom tzdk;wef &wemwpfyg; Nzpfonfr
[kwfvm;/ olonf Nznf;nif;pGmyif uav;udk aNray:Nyefcsay;vdkuf
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

rd\/ aemufxyf ar;cGef;wpfckrQ rar;0hHawmhyg/ uav;rxHrS rnf

onhftaNzrsm; xGufvmrnfudk BudKwifí odvdkufygNyD/ aemufxyf
Mum;vmekdifaom pum;rsm;udkvnf; ol rMum;&yg/ xkdUaMumihfwdkuf
xJodkU0if&ef aNcvSrf;cyfoGufoGuf Nyifvkduf&onf/
]]armifav; ..}}
wkdufxJrS rrcifrif; aNy;xGufvmonf/
]]azaz r&Sdbl;vm;rr}}
]]azaz &efukefoGm;w,fav .... rif;wdkUu b,fvdkub,fvdk
a&mufvmMuwmvJ/ om;av; at;atmif ... vm? BuD;BuD;arqDvm}}
wifwifat;eSihf rraru a&SUu avQmufoGm;aomtcg olvdkuf
0if&if; aemufwpfcsuf vSnhfMunhfvdkufrdao;\/
uav;rav;onf aumfywf&kyfuav;eSihf armfawmfum;av;udk
wpfzufwpfcsufpDrSm udkifvsuf ol&Sd&mokdU vSrf;MunhfNyHK;Nyaeonf
udk Nrif&onf/ xkdtNyHK;aMumihfyif uav;rav; tem;rS ol uref;
uwef; aNy;xGucf Jhrdonfudk tm;em&Suf&GHoGm;rd\/
xkdtNyHK;onf &if;eSD;aeus upm;p&m t&kyfwpf&kyfukd cspfcifpGm
NyHk;Munhfvdkufonfh tNypfuif;pifvSaom uav;wpfa,muf\tNyHK;
ppfppf Nzpfavonf/
zcifarwÅm r&&Sdonfh uav;i,fwpfOD;\ odrfi,frIrsm;?
awmif;yefwdk;vQdK;rIrsm;? r0hHr&JaMumufvefUrIrsm; uav;xHrSmrawGU
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

&/ todOmPf BuD;rm;rIeSihf &J0HhrIudkom awGU&onf/ aiGtdrf ....../

aiGtdrfonf þuav;tm; þuJhokdU &J&ifholNzpfatmif rnfuJhodkU
NyKpkxdef;ausmif; ay;cJhygoenf;/

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

(7)

wu,fawmh tdrfpdk;aruav;onf &J0HholrQru todOmPfBuD;

rm;olrQru remvdkwwfol? zsufqD;vdkol uav;ruav; wpfOD;
vnf;Nzpfonf/'gudkawmh olwkdUtm;vHk; awmfawmfBumrSodcJh&onf/
q&mpH\ awmifolv,form; ta&;awmfyHk*,uf a&eHacsmif;
okdUysHUESHUvmcJhonfhumvonf tdrfpkd;ar trsdK;om;ausmif;rSm uBuD;
cauG; poifcgptcsdef Nzpfonf/ i,f&G,fvSao;aom orD;tm;
q&mpHtaMumif; aNymNyzdkU raiGtdrf vHk;0owdr&ay/ odkUaomf orD;
uar;vmonf/
]]tar ... v,form;BuD;awGu olykefawGqdk ...}}
xkdpum;rS tpNyKum tdrfpkd;aruav;onf olykef[laompum;
udk em;vnfoGm;\/
]]olykefqkdwm raumif;bl;orD;&JU? pufaoewfBuD;awGeJU ypf
owfcH&wwfw,f}}

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

]]olykefawGu bmvkyfvdkUvJ}}
aiGtdrf awGceJ NzpfoGm;\/
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wmaygh orD;? olwdkUu rsufeSmNzLta&;ydkifBuD;awG&JU acgif;udkNzwfr
vdkUwJh}}
]]acgif;Nzwfw,fqkdawmh emrSmayghaemf}}
]]tkd ... orD;&,f ... emvGef;vdkU aoawmif ao&wm? "m;&Swm
awmif emao;wmyJ}}
tdrfpdk;aru ycHk;av;wGefUum pOf;pm;aeao;\/
]]olkwdkUu bmNzpfvdkU t*FvdyfawG&JUacgif;udk NzwfcsifwmwJhvJ}}
]]olwkdUe,frSm rkd;acgifNyD; pyg;awG rxGufbl;? vlawG iwfukef
w,f? orD;vdk wpfaeUxrif;oHk;eyf rpm;&bl;? wpfeyfrSawmif rpm;
&bl;/ 'DBum;xJ t*Fvdyfta&;ydkifBuD;awGu olwkdUqDu ydkufqHawG
awmif;w,f? v,fvkyfc ydkufqHav/ tJ'Dawmh olwkdU a'goxGuf
Muwmaygh}}
]]olwkdU wu,fa&m acgif;awG NzwfvdkufMuovm;}}
]]b,fNzwfekdifrvJ orD;&,f ... olwkdUu "m;awGeJU&G,fwkef;rSm
t*FvdyfawGu pufaoewfawGeJU ypfvdkufwmaygh/ tif; ...'gayr,fh
olwkdU tkdifpDtufpfwpfa,muf&JU acgif;awmh Nzwfvdkufw,fqkdvm;yJ

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

tarvJ odyfrodbl;/ ckdawmif&Hk;rSm tvkyform;awGaNymaewm

Mum;cJhzl;w,f}}
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raiGtdrf\ pum;rsm; wGefUqkwfav;vHoGm;awmhonf/
]]azazhudkawmh b,folrS acgif;rNzwfygbl;aemf}}
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csif; aoatmifrvkyfbl;av}}
]]'gayr,hf [dkwavmu BuD;BuD;areJUtar aNymwmusawmh az
azu Nrif;NcHrSm "m;Nywpfa,mufukd aoatmifvkyfw,fqkd ...tJ'D"m;
NyvJ ArmyJav}}
raiGtdrfonf pyfpkvSaom orD;udk tenf;i,f vefUzsufvm\
]]tkd ... tJ'Dvdk r[kwfygbl;? tif; 'Dvdkav ... tJ'D"m;Nyu vl
oHk;a,mufudk "m;eJUckwfowfcJhwm orD;&JU? tJ'Dawmh olUudkorD;az
azu ao'PftrdefUcsvdkuf&wmayhg}}
]]ao'Pf}}
6ESpft&G,f uav;ruav;\ todOmPfESihf vdkufrrDaom?xdkU
Nyif &ufpufMurf;BuKwfvSaom pum;toHk;tEIef;rsm;udk raiGtdrfr
aNymcsifawmhoNzihf pum;ukd vTJypfzdkU MudK;pm;cJhonf/ okdUaomf tdrf

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

pkd;aronf olpdwf0ifpm;onfh pum;wpfcGef;\ t"dyÜm,fudkar;&ef

b,fawmhrS rarhay/ tarhudk ar;onfxuf BuD;BuD;arudkar;vQif ydk
íNynhfpHkpGm od&onf/ xkdUaMumifh BuD;BuD;ar vmvnfvQif odvkdo
rQ ar;av\/
]]BuD;BuD;ar ... *E¨Dqkdwm bmvJ}}
cifrif;onf uav;udk wtHhwMo MunhfrdoGm;\/
]][,f orD;av; .... tJ'Dpum; orD; b,fuBum;ovJ}}
]]tdk ... bDtdkpDrSm 'Dpum;awGyJ aNymaewmyJ? raeUuawmif OD;
BuD;om'ifu tarhudk vSrf;aNymao;w,f}}
cifrif;onf todOmPf&ihfvSaom wlruav;tm; NyKH;Munhfrd
onf/
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qkdifu 'l'l;BuD;vdkav ...? tJ'D *E´Du rsufeSmNzLt*FvdyfawGudk raus
eyfvdkU rauseyfwJhtaMumif;udk at;at;aq;aq; qE´NyNyD; olykef
vkyfwm}}
]]'Du v,form;BuD;awGvdkvm; BuD;BuD;ar}}
]]r[kwfbl;? 'Duv,form;BuD;awGu "m;awG vSHawGeJU ckwf
r,f? owfr,fqkdNyD; Ncdrf;aNcmuf&efNzpfwm? [dku *E¨Du bmypönf;rS
vufrSm udkifrvmbl;/ 'Dtwkdif;yJ vrf;ay:rSm wdwfwdwfqdwfqdwf

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

pDwef;NyD; vrf;avQmufMuwm? tJ'gudk tMurf;rzufbJ qE´Nyw,f

vdkU ac:w,forD;&JU}}
rlvwef;t&G,f uav;rav;wpfa,muftwGuf cifrif;\
pum;rsm; &IyfaxG;oGm;avrvm; rodyg/
]]olwkdU b,fudk vrf;avQmufoGm;MuwmvJ BuD;BuD;ar}}
]]olwkdU yifv,furf;aNcudk oGm;Muwm ... yifv,fqkdwm orD;
odw,faemf}}
]][kwfuJh? aNryHkpmtkyfxJu tNyma&mifBuD;av}}
cifrif;aronf tdrfpk;dartwGuf aNryHkpmtkyfwpftkyf ay;xm;cJh
ygonf/
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]]qm;awG ...}}
]][kwfw,forD;? t*Fvdyftpdk;&u NynfolawG orD;wkdU?BuD;BuD;
wdkUvdk omrefvlawGaygh... tJ'DvlawG qm;rcsuf&bl;vdkU trdefUxkwf
xm;w,f? tJ'gudkqefUusifNyvdkufwmayhg/ oabmuawmh t*Fvdyf
rsufeSmNzLawGudk olwkdU rauseyfbl;qkdwm zGihfaNymvku
d fwmyJaygh}}
]]'Dawmh bmNzpfoGm;vJ? *E¨DwkdU bmNzpfoGm;vJ/ t*FvdyfawGa&m
bmNzpfoGm;vJ}}

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

tdrfpkd;aronf i,fpOfuwnf;uyif taMumif;&if; wpfckc\

k
tusdK;udk odvdkpdwfawG rsm;cJh\/
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]][if ....}}
tdrfpdk;ar arQmfvihfaom rsufESmuav; &IUHrJhoGm;\/
]]'gNzihf bmrS NzpfroGm;bl;aygh}}
cifrif;onf uav;r\ OD;aeSmufekekuav;twGuf rdrd,ck
aNym&rnhf pum;u odyfav;vHoGm;rvm;[k pOf;pm;aeao;aomf
vnf; ZGwfESpfí aNymcsvdku\
f /
]]tJ'g NzpfoGm;wmyJaygh orD;&JU? olwkdUtm;vHk;[m t*Fvdyftpkd;
&udk awmfvSefvdkU axmifxJudk a&mufoGm;Muw,f? t*FvdyfawGudk
a[m'Dvdk qefUusifNy&r,fvdkU usefwJhvlawGudk ynmoifay;oGm;
w,f/ vlawG olwkdUudk tm&Hkpdkufatmif vkyfwJhenf;aygh/ vlawG&JU
todpdwfxJrSm olwdkUtay: oem;pdwfawG? olwkdUtwGufauseyf*kPf
,klwJhpdwfawG 0ifukefMuw,f/ vlawGtm;vHk;[m olwkdUvdk Nzpfcsif
oGm;Muw,f/ olwkdUvdk awmfvSefcsifoGm;Muw,f/ t*Fvdyftpkd;&t
wGufvJ OD;aeSmufaNcmufoGm;wmayhg orD;&JU/ urmÇBuD;rSm t*Fvdyf
eJU tdEd´, ESpfekdifiHwnf;&SdwmrS r[kwfwm ... ekdifiHawG trsm;BuD;?
t*Fvdyftkyfpkd;xm;wJh ekdifiHawGvJ trsm;BuD;yJ? owif;u wpfekdifiH
uae wpfekdifiH ul;oGm;r,f? 'Denf;vnf;twkdif; twkckd;Mur,f?wpf

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

zGJUudk axmifcsypfvdkufayr,hf aemufwpfzGJUu qufNyD; vkyfr,f ...

tJ'DvdkeJU vlawGrsm;vmwJhtcg t*FvdyfawG t&IH;ay;oGm;&rSmaygh}}
cifrif;a&m aiGtdrfa&m uav;rtm; rdrdwkdU aNymNyvkdufonfh
olykefawG? qE´NyNcif;? tm&HkpdkufrI? awmfvSefa&; ... qdkonfhpum;vHk;
rsm;ukd uav;r em;vnf&JUvm;[k oHo,NzpfcJhMuonf/ odkUaomf
uav;rav;onf xdkpum;vHk;rsm;udk em;vnf&HkrQru olUtwGuf
aumif;aumif; toHk;cswwfcJhavonf/
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tvkyfcefUtyfcH&onf/ aiGbHkom tdrfBuD;wGif om;tz? aNr;tzdk;
odkufodkuf0ef;0ef; aysmf&TifpGm qHkpnf;&NyefNyD/ om;uav;at;atmif
onf ckepfepfom;t&G,fNzpfNyD; trsdK;om;ausmif; yxrwef;ausmif;
om;Nzpf\/ xkdausmif;rSmyif tdrfpdk;aronf wwd,wef;ausmif;ol
Nzpf\/ at;atmifu tdrfpdk;artm; odyfrodaomfvnf; tdrfpkd;aru
at;atmifudk odaeonf/ azaz\ om;tNzpf odaeonf/ odkUaomf
tHhMozG,f&myif at;atmiftm; tdrfpkd;aru enf;enf;rQ Munhfr&cJh
ay/
eHeufwkdif; tdrfu um;Nzihf ausmif;vmwufNyD; ausmif;a&muf
vQifvnf; oli,fcsif;awGESihf upm;wm? aqmhwm wpfcgrS rawGUrd/
tdrfpdk;ar xdktwef;a&SUa&mufoGm;vQif pmudk ukef;rSwfaeonfhrsuf
eSmoG,foG,f? rsufvHk;cyfarS;arS;? rsufcHGrkdUrdkUeSihf ydk;[yfNzLaumifu
av;udk tm;rvdk tm;r&NrifawGU&onf/

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

]]tJ'Daumifuav;[m igharmifav;}}
tdrfpkd;aru upm;azmfoli,fcsif;rsm;ukd onfvdkyJ aNymcJh\/
ydkeDaw;qHyifudk acgif;xufwGif qHnSyfESihf nSyfxdef;vsuf araru
qHxHk;ao;ao;uav; NyKvkyfay;xm;oNzihf 0wfxm;onfh yifeD&if
zHk;tusÐuav;eSihf vdkufzufoGm;onf/ i,fekaomrsufESmuav;rSm
udk;eSpforD;t&G,f uav;wpfa,muf\rsufeSmxm;rsdK; r[kwf/ &ihf
usufaom? em;vnfaom? £aNE´&& emMunf;wwfaom rsufESmxm;
rsdK; Nzpfaeonf/
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]]aMomf ... [kwfygw,f[m? olUtazeJU ightazeJU twlwlyJ}}
xkdowif;onf at;atmifqDodkU a&mufoGm;onf/ tdrfpdk;ar\
oli,fcsif;wpfpk olUtcef;a&SUrSm uGufMunhf uGufMunhf wD;wdk;aNym
&mrS twdtvif;owif;NzpfoGm;onf/ at;atmifonf r,HkMunf
ekdifzG,f owif;aMumifh wkefvIyfoGm;onf/ nae ausmif;qif;csdef
wGif ararvmMudKaomtcg xkdowif;tm; aNymNyzdkU pdwful;\/ar
arhrsufeSm MunfvifaevQif olaNymrdrnf Nzpfaomfvnf; xkdaeUu
arara'goBuD;ae[ef &SdaomaMumihf raNymNzpfay/ aemufwpfaeUeH
euf ausmif;cef;xJ0ifawmh tdrfpkd;arudk rdrdtcef;a&SUu a&tkd;pifrSm
a&vmaomufwm awGU&\/ olonf aumifrav;\ npfus,f
us,f tNyHK;udk rkef;wD;pGm tem;uyfoGm;vdkufonf/
]]a[h ... eifvm; ightpfrqdkwm eifvm;}}
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

]]at;}}
tdrfpkd;aronf at;atmif\ t&yfu olUem;&Gufyif r&Sdonfudk
oabmusaeonf/
]]eif r[kwfwmawG avQmufaNym&if igq&meJUvJ wkdifaNymr,f?
azazhudkvJ wkdifaNymr,f? eifod&JUvm; .... azazu eifhudk axmifcs
ypfvdkU&w,f/ azazu vlawGudk axmifcsypfekdifwJh w&m;olBuD; ...
em;vnfvm;}}
tdrfpkd;aronf aumifuav;\ a'goudkvnf; oabmusae
onf/
]]at;at; ... eifhtazqkdwm ightazyJav? ol rauG;rSm w&m;
olBuD;yJ igodygw,f? 'gayr,fh ... azazu ighudk axmifcsypfrSm
r[kwfbl;}}
]]bmvdkU rcsypf&rSmvJ csrSm .... igwkdifrSm}}
]]r[kwfbl;? axmifcsvdkU r&bl;[ ... bmNzpfvdkUvJqkdawmh rSef
wmaNymwJhvludk b,folrS axmifcsvdkUr&bl;/ igu trSefudkaNym
wm}}
aumifuav;\ rsufeSm eDNref;oGm;onf/
]]r[kwfbl; ... eif avQmufaNymaewm? ighazaz[m eihfazazr
[kwfbl;}}
tdrfpkd;aru toHxGuf&,farmvdku\
f /
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

]]'Dr,f at;atmif? ratmfeJU .... atmf&if eift&SufuGJoGm;r,f/

OD;rif;acgif[m ightazyJ? eihftazrNzpfao;cif [dk;a&S;a&S;uwnf;
u OD;rif;acgifu ightaz ...odvm;/ ightazNzpfNyD;rS eihftazNzpf
vmwm? tazu ihgukd olU"mwfyHkygwJh qGJBudK;av; ay;xm;w,f?
eif Munhfrvm;}}
]]r,Hkygbl;}}
]]a[m'DrSm ...}}
tdrfpkd;aronf b0rSm wpfcgrS r0Hh<um;zl;aom rmefNzihf NyHK;Ny
vdkufum yifeDtusÐatmufrSm qGJxm;aom qGJMudK;rQifrQifuav;udk
xkwf,lNzKwfvdkufonf/ avmhuwfywÅmav;udk axmufceJ zGihfNy
vdkuf\/
]]Munhf ... tJ'g ightazaygh}}
vufr vufonf;cGHomom&Sdaom "mwfyHkao;ao;uav;udk
r,HkMunfekdifpGm pdkufMunhf&if; at;atmif idka<u;avonf/ idkNyD;
xGufaNy;oGm;aomtcg tdrfpdk;aronf auseyftm;&pGm apmihfMunhf
aecJh\/
]]aumifav; idkoGm;NyD rtdrfpdk;}}
]]idkyap ... olUudk igodyf rkef;wmyJ}}
tarESihf tdrfpdk;ar aiGbHkomtdrfBuD;a&SUu NzwfNzwfoGm;vQif NcH
xJrSm xkdaumifav;eSihfazaz aysmf&TifpGm aqmhupm;aewmudk Nrif&
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

wwfonf/ wpfcgwpfcg azazu xkdaumifav;ukd ayGUcsDum &,f

armaewwfonf/ tdrfpkd;aronf azazESihf wpfcgrS raqmh&zl;acs/
zdk;zdk; r&Sdonfhtcsdefrsm;wGif BuD;BuD;aru NcHxJokdUac:NyD; upm;wwf
onf/ odkUaomf azazonf tdrfpkd;arESihf aqmhvnf;raqmh? orD;[k
vnf; wpfcgrQrac:? tdrfpkd;arukd zswfceJNrifvQif azazonf csuf
csif; a&SmifxGufoGm;wwfonf/
azazu tdrfhudk rkef;aewmvm;/ 'grSr[kwf aMumufaewmvm;
araruaNymawmh azazonf ararhtay:rSm opömazmufum
aemufrdef;r,lxm;olNzpfí ararhudk aMumuf&GHUonf ...wJh/ [kwfrSm
yJ/ orD; oGm;reIwfqufeJUaemf ... azaz &SufoGm;vdrfhr,fwJh/
ararhtaNymaMumifh tdrfpkd;aronf azazhtm; EIwfqufcsif
vsuf eIwfrqufcJh&ay/ tJ'g 'Daumifav;eJU olUtaraMumihf ...../
tdrfpkd;aronf olUudk tonf;xJu wl;wl;cg;cg; rkef;vSonf/

xdknae xrif;0dkif;wGif at;atmifonf azazh rsufeSmESihfar

arhrsufeSmudk wpfvSnhfpDMunhfvsuf b,folUudk a'goxGuf&rSef;
rodbJ pdwfwdkaeonf/ avmuwpfckvHk;wGif azazonf olUazaz
om Nzpf&rnf/ b,folUazazrS Nzpfp&m rvdk/
vlBuD;rsm;onf ZGEf;cuf&if;rsm;Nzihf xrif;udk wdwfqdwfpGmpm;
Muonf/ at;atmifonf toHrNrnfatmif ZGef;cuf&if;ukdifwG,f
enf;udk wwfuRrf;ygvsuf toHrsdK;pHkNrnfatmif wrifyif vTwfvTwf
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

csae\/ zdk;zdk;u aNr;tm; NyHK;&,fpGm Munhf&HkomNzpfonf? vHk;0rql

ay/ þtdrfwGif zkd;zdk;\wif;rmaom rsufvHk;NzihftMunhfrcH&olrSm
at;atmifom Nzpfonf/ at;atmif\ qlnHrIudk azazu rESpfNrdKU
[efNzihf rsufarSmifwpfcsuf MuKwfMunhf\/ ararESihf MuD;BuD;aru
awmh rD;cHaowÅmaomhtaMumif; aNymaeMuonf/ at;atmifonf
azazolUukd xyfMunhfrvm; apmihfaomfvnf; xyfrMunhfay/
]]azaz apmapmuaNymwJh wdkUArmtpnf;t&Hk;rSm tzGJU0ifawGrsm;
vmwm aumif;ovm;qkdwJh ar;cGef;udk aumif;w,fvkdUyJ aNz&rSmyJ...
olvQdKawG rygatmif pdppf&rSmaygh/ eSpfeSpftwGif; tckavmufwkd;
wufvmwm aumif;wJhvu©PmyJ? olwkdUbmawGvkyfMurvJqkdwm
awmh uRefawmfrodbl; ... odvJ rodcsifbl;? azaz em;vnfrSmyg/
uRefawmhfrSmu tdEd´, y#dnmOfcH 0efxrf;Nzpfaew,f r[kwfvm;/
uRefawmf vufrSwfxkd;xm;wJhpmcsKyft& uRefawmfu olwkdUudkopöm
&Sd&r,f/ tJ'DvdkyJ uRefawmf[m NrefrmtrsdK;om; NzpfaewJhtwGuf
NrefrmhtrsdK;om;awG&JU vGwfvyfa&;udkvJ vkdvm;ygw,f/ 'Dawmh 'D
udprö Sm uRefawmfMum;ae&if ydkaumif;ygvdrfhr,f}}
ysif;&dNiD;aiGUp&maumif;aom azazhpum;udk zdk;zkd;u pdwfyg0if
pm;pGm em;axmifaeckduf at;atmifonf xrif;yef;uefxJrS xrif;
rsm;? [if;rsm;ukd ZGef;cuf&if;Nzihf ab;odkU ,ufcsum pm;yGJay:okdU
oGefypfvkdufonf/
]]om; ....}}

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

BuD;BuD;ar wtHhwMotoHaMumihf azazESihf zdk;zdk;u at;atmif

bufokdU vSrf;Munhfonf/ azazMunhfaerSef;odí a;tatmifonf
at;wdat;pufNzihf xrif;rsm;udk Nznf;Nznf;csif; ab;okdU z,fcsypf
aevdkufavonf/
]]at;atmif .....}}
azazhtoHonf em;rvnfekdifaomtoH/ azaz at;atmifudk
*&kpdkufvmNyDayhg/ at;atmifonf azazhudk vSrf;rMunhfbJ xrif;
rsm;udk oGefcs&wm t&om&Sdae\/
0kef;ceJ pm;yGJrS azaz x&yfvdkufaomtcg at;atmif xdwfceJ
wkefvIyfoGm;ao;\/ [ifhtif; ... raMumufeJU? azaz b,fwkef;u
ighudk &dkufzl;vdkUvJ/ [dkwpfcg arareJUpdwfqkd;NyD; av;axmifhyef;uef
Nym;BuD;wpfcsyf &dkufcGJypfwmawmif azazu &,faecJhwm/
]]tdk tpfudk ... at; aNymyghr,f? om;udk at;aNymyghr,f}}
araru at;atmif tem;odkU vsifNrefpGm a&mufvmonf/
]]om; .... om; rqmbl;vm;? rqm&ifvJ xrif;awGudk tJvdk
roGef&bl;av? om; ... [if;rBudKufvdkUvm;? reufNzefus ... arar
qdwfom;vHk;aMumf vkyfay;rSmayhg? 'gNzihf tckom; aumfzDaomufr
vm;[if}}
at;atmif raNzbJ azazhrsufeSmudk armhMunhfvdkufonf/

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

rif;acgifonf olUom;\ rsufeSm&dyf rsufeSmuJudk MunhfNcif;

tm;Nzihf wpfpHkwpfckudk rausreyfNzpfaeaMumif; &dyfrdoGm;\/ xkdU
Nyif om;rausreyfNzpfaeonfhudprö Sm olESihfoufqkdifvdrhfrnf[k
vnf; &dyfrd\/ ol uref;uwef; pOf;pm;vdkufonf/ raeUwkef;u
olUom;onf avwHcGefvTwfcsifonf[k ylqmcJhonf/ rdrdu pGefbD;
vHk;0,fay;&rnfNzpfonf/ ,aeU rarQmfvihfaom trIudprö sm;aMumihf
om;tm; &pfvHk;0,fay;&ef odkUr[kwf 0,fay;zdkU OD;bciftm;ap
vTwf&ef owdr&bJ NzpfoGm;onf/ þtaMumif;aMumihf om;pdwf
aumuf[ef wlonf/
okdUaomfolonf wpfpHkwpfckudk vdkcsifvQif yGihfyGihfvif;vif;aNym
awmif;rS auseyfonf/ wpf&ufESpf&uf rapmihfekdifavmufatmif
tvsifvdkNcif;udkvnf; olrMudKuf/ xkdUNyifpdwfaumufNcif;? rauseyf
aMumif; qE´Nyí xkwfazmfNcif;rsdK;udkvnf; rBudKuf/
xkdUaMumifh wifwifat;tm; vufNzifh tomz,fckdif;vdkufonf/
om;bmNzpfwmvJ[k rar;rdatmif vHk;0xdef;csKyfom;NyD;om;udk rsuf
ESmxm;wnfwnfNzihf pdkufMunhfaevdkufonf/
om;onf olUtMunhfaMumifh csufcsif; rsufvTmcsypfvkdufav
onf/xdkUaemuf olvHk;0rarQmfvifhygbJ om;u &kwfw&uf idkcsvdkuf
\/ olonf om;\pdwfaumufrI? rauseyfrIukd tonf;rmrmNzihf
&ifqdkifekdifaomfvnf; om;rsuf&nfukd &ifrqkdifekdifay/
]]om; ... om;bmaNymrvJ ... aNym? azazhukd aNymprf;}}

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

ol om;ukd ycHk;tomykwfí aysmhaysmif;aom rsufeSmxm;Nzihf

ar;vdkufonf/
]]azazu uRefawmhfazazyJ Nzpf&r,f? b,folUazazrS r[kwf&
bl;}}
&dIufoH wpf0ufwpfysufNzihf xpftpGmaNymvkdufaom om;pum;
oHtqHk;wGif tm;vHk;NidrfoufwdwfqdwfoGm;Mu\/ tm;vHk;xHrSmt
NidrfoufqHk;vlonf rif;acgifNzpfonf/ udk,fudk udkif;ae&mrSmNAKef;c
eJ rwfwwf&yfum awmifhwif;oGm;\/ cPwdwfqdwfaeNyD;aemuf
t&ifqHk; vIyf&Sm;vmolrSm wifwifat;Nzpfonf/ wifwifat;onf
om;eHab;ü 'l;axmufcsvkdufNyD; om;\qHyifrsm;udk zGoyfay;vdkuf
avonf/
]]om; .... om;&,f? azazu om;&JU azazyJaygh?wNcm;b,folU
azazrS r[kwfbl;av}}
]][kwfw,f ... wNcm;aumifrav;wpfa,muf&JU azaz [kwf
aew,f? azaz .... r[kwfbl;vm; ...[kwfvm;}}
OD;Nromonf rif;acgiftm; wpfcsuft"dyÜm,fygyg pkdufMunhf
um xrif;pm;cef;xJrS xGufcGmoGm;onf/ rif;Nyóemukd rif;aNy
vnfatmif &Sif;ayawmh[k owday;tMunhfrsdK; Nzpfonf/
]]om; aNymwm arar em;rvnfygbl;? om;pum;awGu bm
awGvJ? b,folUazaz [kwfaewmvJ}}

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

raNymeJU ...? om; raNymeJU/ odkUaomf rif;acgifonf om;tm;

rwm;Nrpfrday/
]]oHk;wef;u aumifrav;wpfa,muf? 'Dudk vmzl;wJh aumifr
av;wpfa,muf? olUemrnfu bmtdrfqkdwkef;yJ? azaz ... azazu
tJ'Daumifrav;&JUazaz r[kwfbl; r[kwfbl;vm;[if}}
rif;acgifonf þtcsdefrSmrS trSeftwkdif;raNymrdvQif b0rSm
b,fawmhrS aNymNzpfvdrfhrnfr[kwf .... [kodonf/ ol om;udkayGUcsD
vdkufonf/
]]om; ...? zdk;zdk;rSm om;orD;ESpfa,muf &Sdw,f? BuD;BuD;ar&,f?
azaz&,f ... tJ'garmifeSeSpfa,mufaygh/ zdk;zkd;BuD;udk BuD;BuD;aru
vJ azazvdkUac:w,f? azazuvJ azazvdkUac:w,fav}}
]]tpfudk ...}}
wifwifat;onf 'l;axmufvsufom; xkdifusoGm;NyD; olUudk
em;rvnfNcif;wpf0uf? wkefvIyfNcif;wpf0ufNzihf armhMunhfonf/ cif
rif;aronf ZGef;eSihfcuf&if;udk rNrifzl;aom txl;tqef;owÅ0gav;
rsm;yrm ai;pkdufMunhfae\/
]]zkd;zkd;[m azaz&JU azazvJ[kwfw,f? BuD;BuD;ar&JU azazvJ
[kwfw,f ...}}
om;\ NyL;aMumifaom rsufvHk;uav;rsm;wGif emusifrIt&dyf
ta,mif ay:vmrvm;? cifwG,frI t&dyfta&mifay:vmrvm; .....

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

raocsmay/ aocsmonfuawmh r[kwfbl;[k Niif;vdkufvQif om;

uawmh aysmf&TifoGm;rnf/ odkUaomf rif;acgifonf uav;eSpfa,muf
tay:rSm vdrfvnfol? vlBuD;rqefol Nzpfonf/ xkdUtNyif aiGtdrfh
aMumifh temw&uif;rJhpGmBuD;Nyif;vmaomorD;\ eSvHk;om;ekekav;
rSm olUaMumihf euf&dIif;pGm 'Pf&m&awmhrnf/
]]tJ'Dvdkayghom; ...? azaz[m om;&JU azazvJ [kwfw,f? tJ'D
vdkYyJ ... }}
olonf wifwifat;udk vHk;0rMunfhbJ ZGwfESpfí wdk;wdwfpGm
aNymcsvdku\
f /
]]tJ'DvdkyJ ... om;aNymwJh tJ'Dtdrfpdk;ar&JUazazvJ [kwfygw,f}}
xdknu rdom;pkwGif;wGif rSefwkdif;wpfck wkdufcwfoGm;onf/
wifwifat;onf olUudk xkeSufxkd;BudwfNyD;aemuf zufíidkawmh
onf/
]]tpfudkUudk at; cspfw,f? tpfudk [kdaumifreJU vHk;0rquf
oG,fygbl;vdkU uwday;}}
olonf at;\ rsuf&nfrsm;udk vufzsm;Nzihf MuifempGm yGwf
oyfz,f&Sm;ay;cJh\/
]]aumifrqkdwJh pum;vHk; roHk;ygeJUat;? at;[m *kPfoa&&Sd
wGif;&dk;wGif;pm; trsdK;orD;wpfa,mufyg? aemufNyD; e,fydkif0ef
axmufuawmf wpfa,mufyg/ ukd,fhZeD;[m tJ'Dvdk &kdif;pdkif;Murf;
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

wrf;wJh rdef;rrsdK; rNzpfapcsifbl;? aemufNyD; ukd,fhou

d mudk at;'Dh
xuf,HkMunfzdkU aumif;w,f? udk,f[m at;eJUvufxyfNyD;uwnf;
u b,frdef;rudkrS rNypfrSm;cJhygbl;}}
wifwifat;onf olU&ifcGifrSm EGrf;vspGmrSDEGJUí wkd;wdk;uav;
&dIufiifaeavonf/ wifwifat;onf olUudk cspfolwpfa,muft
Nzpf? cifyGef;wpfa,muftNzpf Nrwfekd;wG,fwmcJhvdrhfrnfqkdwm oHo
,NzpfzdkU rvdkyg/ xdkUtwlyif aiGtdrfqkdaom rdef;uav;onfvnf;
olUudk Nrwfekd;wG,fwmpGm cspfcJhzl;onf/ wifwifat;xuf rydkvQif
awmif ravsmhekdifaom cspfNcif;arwÅmNzihf olUpdwfcsrf;omzdkU wpfck
wnf;udk vdkufavsmiJhuGufpGm cspfcJhygvdrfhrnf/ 'guawmh odyfao
csmygonf/ raocsmonfu olUpdwfxm;yif Nzpfonf/
olonf ZeD;tay; opöm&SdonfrSm rSe\ f / aiGtdrfudkaomfvnf;
aumif;? tNcm; rdef;rwpfa,mufudkaomfvnf;aumif; olUb0xJ qGJ
oGif;&ef vHk;0pdwfrul;cJhonfrSm rSe\
f / okdUaomf ol\opömonf
olUrSm tcspf&Sdaeygonf[k rNyay;ekdif/ olonf rdef;rwpfa,muf
a,mufukd cspfcJhavovm;? ol roday/
bmbJNzpfNzpf olonfvnf;aumif;? wifwifat;onf vnf;
aumif; wpfa,mufudkwpfa,muf aiGtdrfhemrnfudka&m? tdrfpkd;ar
emrnfudka&m raNymrdatmif xdef;csKyfcJhMuonf/ OD;Nromonf om;
ESihf acR;rudk waphwapmif; tuJcwfvsuf&Sd&mrS tenf;i,fNidrf
oufoGm;onfudk Nrif&aomtcg auseyfoGm;onf/ þrQyGihfvif;pGm

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

aqG;aEG;NyD;onhfaemufwGif aiGbHkomtdrfqDodkU xdkNyóem aemuf

xyfa&mufvmekdifp&m r&Sdawmh[k ol ,lqonf/
okdUaomf Nyóemonf Nidrfoufat;csrf;NyD;p aemufwpfywf
tMumrSm þtdrfokdU qdkufqkdufNrdKufNrdKuf a&mufvmNyefonf/
tdrfpdk;ar a&mufvmonfudk OD;bcifu Nrifaomfvnf; q&mu
avmavmvwfvwf owday;wm;Nrpfxm;oNzihf wHcg; zGihfray;&J
acs/ uav;rav;uvnf; OD;Nrom&Sdwkef; wpfcgrQ rvmzl;acs/
,ckawmh OD;Nromonf tdrfab;u tkwfa&uefteD;rSm rwfwwf&yf
vsuf &Sdonf/
]]bb .... bb ...}}
OD;Nromukd ac:wmvm;? teD;rSm a&avmif;ay;aeonfh OD;bcif
udk ac:ovm; olwkdUrod/ OD;Nromonf vSnhfMunhfNyD; uav;r
av;udk NrifNrifcsif; rsufeSmxm; enf;enf;wif;oGm;onf/ yxrqHk;
tBudrf þuav;udk Nrif&onfü þuav;onf aiGtdrfhorD;rSef;
csufcsif;yif &dyfr\
d / xkdUtwl .../ xdkUtwl rif;acgif\ aoG;twd
tus yg0ifaerSef; ol oHo,uif;pGm ,HkMunfvdku\ f /
]]bcif .... b,folUrS t0ifrcHeJU? Mum;vm;}}
xkdpum;udkom aNymNyD; wdkufxJ0if&ef aNcvSrf;Nyifvdkufonf/
]]bba& bb ... BuD;BuD;arudk ac:ay;yg}}

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

*g0efteD&Jav;ESifh ukef;atmfaeaom uav;rav; toHukd

wdkufxJrS wifwifat;ESihf cifrif;arvnf; Mum;oGm;onf/ cifrif;
onf tdrfpkd;ar\toHaMumihf wifwifat;udk cyfqqwpfcsuf
Munhfum zswfceJ xxGufvmcJhonf/ {nhfcef;xJ 0ifvmaomOD;Nr
omonf cifrif;a&SUrS ydwf&yfvdku\f /
]]cifrif; ....}}
]]azaz? tNyifrSm ...}}
cifrif;\ pum; wGefUqkwfoGm;onf/
]]at; .... eifxGufoGm;p&m rvdkbl;? eif ighudkt&Sufudk cGJr,f
rBuHeJU? Mum;vm;}}
cifrif;onf azazhudk rvGefqef&JoNzihf {nhfcef; ukvm;xkdifrSm
EGrf;acGpGm xkdifcsvdkufonf/ orD;av; .... wpfcgrS cifrif;rac:bJ
rvmzl;wJh orD;av;? bmudprö sm; &SdvdkUygvdrfh/
]]BuD;BuD;ara& ....}}
toHpl;pl;uav;rSm tufuGJaeonf/ idkoHvnf; ygaeonf/
]]BuD;BuD;ara& ... arar bmNzpfrSef; rodbl;? ararhudk vdkuf
Munhfay;yg}}
tkd orD;av;&,f ...../

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

cifrif;&ifxJrSm xdwfceJ [moGm;\/ xkdUaemuf emusifpGmylyef

oGm;onf/ aiGtdrf bmNzpfwmygvdrfh/ azaz ..../ cifrif;onf azazh
udk awmif;yefaomrsufeSmNzihf armhMunhfrdonf/
OD;Nromonf NAKef;ceJ tNyifxGufoGm;\/
]][Jh aumifrav; .... tdrfa&SUrSm bmawGatmfaewmvJ? xGuf
oGm;prf;}}
]]bb ... BuD;BuD;ara&m}}
]]r&Sdbl;? r&Sdbl; .... b,fu[mawGrSef; rod? awmfawmf&IyfwJh
uav;awG}}
]]bb ... araraeraumif;bl;}}
uav;r\ tm;i,faom toHuav;onf OD;Nrom\ em;wpf
zufrS 0ifoGm;NyD;? aemufwpfzufrS xGufoGm;onf/ &ifxJodkUa&muf
rvmcJhay/
]]w,f ... 'Duav; igxGuf&dkufNyefa&m? oGm;prf; ... ightdrfa&SU
u xGufoGm; }}
rnfolrqkd aMumuf&GHoGm;ekdifonfh toHrmBuD;Nzihfatmf[pfNcdrf;
aNcmufvdkufaomtcg uav;ronf aemufokdU wpfvSrf;csif; qkwf
cGmoGm;onf/ OD;Nrom wkdufxJNyef0ifoGm;\/
tdrfpdk;aronf olUtzdk;Nzpfonf[k araraNymzl;onfh OD;Nrom
udk aMumuf&THUpGm wpfcsufMunhfNyD;aemuf csufcsif;yif rmaMumaom
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

rsufESmxm;Nzihf &kwfceJ vSnhfxGufvdkufonf/ NyefoGm;zdkU aNcvSrf;

NyifNyD;cgrS ol wHkUceJ &yfvdkufNyef\/
NyefvdkUrNzpfbl;? arar aeraumif;bl; ... aemufNyD; aq;q&m
yihfp&m ydkufqHvnf; r&Sdbl;? ararhrsufeSmvnf; raumif;bl;/ BuD;
BuD;ar .../ tdrfpkd;aronf BuD;BuD;ar\ u&kPmtNyHK;uav;udk Nrif
csifvmonf/ BuD;ar bmNzpfvdkU xGufrvmwmvJ/ BuD;arxGufvm
wJhtxd 'Duae &yfapmihf&rvm;/ vkdcsifwmwpfckudk r& &wJhtxd
awmif;&r,f .../ xdkpdwf"mwfonf tdrfpdk;arxH 0ifa&mufaecJhonf
rSm MumNyD/
tdrfpkd;aronf aiGbHkomtdrfBuD;xJu vlawG xGufvmatmif
vkyf&ef wpfenf;om &Sdawmhonf[k wGufvdku\ f / ightem*wf ig
wpfa,mufwnf; r[kwfbJ vlawG 0kdif;aeatmif vkyf&r,f ...[kwf
w,f/ 'gNzihf bmvkyf&rvJ/
yxrawmh tdrfpdk;aronf vrf;v,faumifrSm xkdifae&rvm;[k
awG;\/ okdUaomf þenf;xuf xda&mufonfhenf; &SdOD;rnf/ azaz
wkdUNcHa&SUü w&kwfpHum;yifBuD;wpfyif &Sdonf/ olUyifpifonf pdrf;
arSmifae\/ aNrNyifwGif w&kwfpHum;yGifha<ursm; azG;azG;vIyfae
onf/ tdrfpdk;aronf w&kwfpHum;yGihfrsm;udk wpfyGifhrusef vdkuf
aumuf\/ xkdyef;yGifhrsm;udk rdrda&SUrSm pnf;0dkif;Nzpfatmif wef;pDí
wpfqufwnf;csNyD; 0dkif;vdkufonf/ aemufxyf yef;yGihfrsm;udk NcHwH
cg;a&SUü pnf;0dkif;yHko@ef NzpfatmifpDí 0dkif;vdkufonf/ yifpnfa&SU
u yef;yGihfpnf;0dkif;xJwGif tdrfpdk;ar0ifí vrf;bufokdUvSnfhum 'l;
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

axmufcsvdkufonf/ rdr\ d acgif;rS zJBudK;tNzLuav;udk qGJNzKwf

vdkuf\/ xdkUaemuf rdrdvufaumuf0wfESpfckudk rdrd xdkzJBudK;tNzL
uav;Nzihf yg;pyfudk toHk;csvsuf yl;csnfvkdufonf/ xkdUaemuf
acgif;idkufpdkufcsxm;um rvIyfr,Sufpí 'l;axmufvsuf taet
xm;twkdif; NidrfoufpGm aeavonf/
yxrawmh zlk;pmukef;bufoGm;onfh aumifav;wpfa,mufp
ESpfa,mufpom cP&yfMunhfNyD; wD;wdk;wD;wdk;aNymum vSnhfxGuf
oGm;\/ olb,fukdrS rMunhfbJ rsufpda&SUu yef;yGifhrsm;udkom pdkuf
Munhfí Nidrfoufaeonf/ cPMumawmh vlBuD; oHk;av;a,muf
a&mufvmonf/
]]b,fu uav;rav;vJ? tkd ... vufrSm BudK;wkwfvdkUygvm;}}
olwkdUonf tdrfpdk;ar vufrS zJBudK;tm; aNzay;Muonf/
]]uav;r b,ftdrfuvJ? b,fvdkNzpfwmvJ ... eifhtaz tar
a&m}}
tdrfpkd;aronf wpfcGef;rSraNzbJ rsufvTmcsum Nidrfoufae\/
]]pum;raNymwwfbl; xifw,f? t t uav;vm;}}
]]&kyfuav;u cspfp&mav;? uav; ... rif;rSm taz tar&Sd
vm;}}

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

tdrfpkd;aronf vlawGaNzay;aom zJBudK;ukd olwkdUa&SUrSmyif rdrd

bmom NyefícsnfaeSmifvdkufNyef\/ a&SUrS vltkyfonf [mceJNzpf
um wpfa,mufESihfwpfa,muf xifNrifcsufawG ay;Nyef\/
]]uav;r bmvkyfwmvJ ... 'g rvkyfaumif;bl;}}
tdrfpkd;aronf onhfxufydkí NidrfaevQif vltkyfu pdwfysufNiD;
aiGUpGm a&Smifz,foGm;rSm pdk;vm\/
]]uRefr zdk;zdk;u wHcg;zGifh ray;bl;}}
]]a[ ... rif; tzdk;u b,folvJ}}
]]OD;Nrom}}
olwdkUtm;vHk;onf OD;Nromudk wGif;pm;olaX;rSef; odMu\/ xdk
OD;NromrSm 6ESpf? 7ESpft&G,f aNr;uav;wpfa,muf&SdrSef; odMu\/
okdUaomf þuav;rukd olwkdUrNrifzl;ay/
]]nnf;u b,folUorD;wkef;}}
]]raiGtdrf&JU orD;}}
raiGtdrfukd olwdkUrodMuyg/
]]nnf;tazua&m}}
]]OD;rif;acgif}}
]]a[ ....}}

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

vltkyfonf a0gceJ qlnHoGm;\/ xdkUaemuf tm;vHk;onf

uav;r\ vufrSmcsnfxm;aom zJBudK;udk aNzay;zdkU rBudK;pm;awmh
bJ 'l;axmufxm;aom uav;rtm; xl;qef;aomowÅ0gwpfaumif
yrm 0dkif;MunhfaeMuonf/
]]e,fydkifuav;ukd aNymwmvm;}}
]][kwfw,f uRefrazazu tkdifpDtufpf}}
xkdpum;udk tdrfpkd;ar pum;wwfpt&G,fuwn;fu araroif
ay;cJhoNzihf tvGwf&aecJhaom azazh*kPfyk'f Nzpfonf/
]][Jh ... olu armifrif;acgif&JU orD;wJh}}
]][kwfrSmawmhf olUESmacgif;eJU yg;pyfudkMunhfygvm;? e,fykdifu
av;&JU yHkpHtwkdif; wpfax&mwnf;yJ}}
wNznf;Nznf;eSihf tdrfpdk;arteD;wGif vlawG rsm;rsm;vm\/
tdrfa&SUrSm vltkyfBuD;udk owdxm;rdvmaomtcg OD;Nromonf
NcHa&SUodkU cyfoGufoGuf xGufvm\/ NcHwHcg;em;a&mufrS vltkyfBuD;
0dkif;&Hxm;aomt&mrSm Nyóemaumifrav;NzpfaMumif; odvdkuf&
onf/ okdUaomf vGefoGm;NyD/ tm;vHk;\tMunhfonf olUxHodkUa&muf
vm\/ xdkrsufvHk;rsm;ukd olodonf/ *kPfoa&&Sd wGif;pm;wpf
a,mufNzpfívnf;aumif;? oD;oefUaewwfol Nzpfívnf;aumif;
&yfuGufxJu vlawGu olUudk bmpum;rS rar;cJh/ okdUaomfxdkrsuf
vHk;rsm;wGif ar;cGef;aygif;rsm;pGm yg0ifonf/ pGyfpGJrIrsm;pGm yg0if
onf/ OD;Nromonf a'goaxmif;ceJ xGufum onfaumifrav;ukd
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

tdrfxJ qGJac:vdkuf&rvm;[k pOf;pm;\/ okdUaomf vltkyfa&SUrSmolU

aygifol vSefaxmif;rdovdk NzpfoGm;rSmvnf; pdk;&drfonf/ b,f[kwf
rvJ ... ol t&SufuGJNyD;aeNyDav/ þuav;r\ eSmacgif;eSihfyg;pyf
onf rif;acgif\yHkpHtwkdif;NzpfaMumif; vlwkdif; owdxm;rdawmhrSm
yJ/ tJ'g bmNzpfovJ ..../
bmr[kwfwJh aumifruav; ydpdauG;udk olu vltkyfa&SUrSm
t&IH;ay;&rSmvm;/ olonf uav;rudk a'gowBuD; pkdufMunhfae
ckduf uav;ronf ol&Sd&mokdU zswfceJ armhMunhfvmonf/
0dkif;pufaom rsuf0ef;rsm;? t&G,feSifhrvdkuf at;pufrmaMum
aom rsuf0ef;rsm; .../ olonf udk;ESpf? q,fESpft&G,f uav;rav;
wpfa,muf\ &efolNzpfoGm;NyD ... [k odvdkuf&onf/
'DrsufvHk;awG ...../ [kwfonf? onfrsufvHk;awGudk olNrifzl;
onf/ vGefcJhonfh q,fESpfavmufu aiGtdrfqkdonfh uav;r\
rsufvHk;rsm;twkdif;ygyJ/ wpfckyJ &Sdonf/ aiGtdr\f rsufvHk;rsm;wGif
oa&mf[efvdkvdk? ESpfodrfh[efvdkvdk &J0Ho
h nfhtNyHK;om&Sdonf/ þu
av;r\ rsufvHk;rsm;rSmawmh 'gxufydk\/ emMunf; rkef;wD;rIrsm; /
olonf NAKef;ceJ vSnhfxGuf&ef [efNyifvdkuf\/ xkdtcsdefrSmyif
NcHa&SUuvltkyfonf ab;odkU&SJoGm;onf/ tdrfu um;onf NcHa&SUokdU
nifompGm xdk;qdkufvm\/
rif;acgif .../

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

um;wHcg;udkzGihfí rif;acgif cyfoGufoGuf qif;vmonf/ vl

awG 0dkif;aeaom uav;ruav;udk ol NrifoGm;onf/ w&kwfpHum;
yifatmufrSm wqwfqwfwkefaeaom 'l;rsm;udk tm;wifaxmufí
olUudk armhMunhfvdkufaom uav;ruav;onf ....
bk&m;a& ...? orD; tdrfpkd;ar ..../
ol w&kwfpHum;yifqDokdU taNy;tvTm;a&mufoGm;onf/ orD;a
a&SUrSm 'l;axmufxdkufcsvdku\
f / orD;\ awmif;yefaom rsuf0ef;
rsm;onf ol rarQmfvihfrdzl;aom rsuf0ef;rsm;Nzpfonf/ xkdUNyif orD;
xHrS awGU&vdrfhrnf[k ol rpOf;pm;cJhonhf rsuf&nfrsm; .../
]]azaz ....}}
orD;\ rsufvHk;rS rsuf&nfrsm;udk ol acsmufcsm;pGm NrifawGU
vdkuf&aomtcg orD;\ vufrS yl;csnfxm;aom zJBudK;udk aNz&mü
olUvufawG wqwfqwf wkefaecJh\/
]]arar aeraumif;bl;}}
wpfcsuf&dIufiifNyD; cyfwkd;wkd; wkdifwnfvdkufaom orD;av;udk
olayGUcsDvdkufr\
d /
]]orD; ...}}
orD;onf olUycHk;ay:rSm aysmhacGusoGm;avonf/
]]tJ'Dzdk;zdk;BuD;udk tdrf rkef;w,f}}

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

emvefx vlrrm aiGtdrfonf orD;tm; NyHK;Munhf&if; acgif;

,rf;vdkufrd\/ orD;onf tNidK;taw;BuD;vSonf/
]]olUa&eHwGif;awGudk tdrfwkdUvkrSm aMumufvdkUwJhvm;[if ...
arar}}
]]tJ'Dvdkawmh r[kwfygbl;xifyg&JUuG,f? ararwkdUeJU aqGrsdK;
awmf&if ol *kPfedrfhoGm;rSmpdk;vdkU NzpfrSmaygh/ ararwkdUu tvkyfo
rm; qif;&Jom;awGav}}
]][if .... 'gayrJh tdrfu olUaNr;yJ}}
orD;\qHyif ekekuav;rsm;udk aiGtdrftomt,mxdudkif oyf
zGvdkufonf/
]]ol oabmrwlwJhaNr; ....? olrawmfcsifwJh aNr; ... orD;&JU? tkd
orD;&,f ... 'gawG orD;BuD;vmawmh em;vnfoGm;rSmyg? a'gor
xGufygeJUuG,f}}
]]arar ... olUrSm a&eHwGif;awG trsm;BuD;qdk}}
]]at; ...}}
]]tJ'Da&eHwGif;awG crf;ukefygap}}
]][Jh orD;? aMomf ...}}

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

raiGtdrfonf cyfoJhoJh&,farmrd\/ uav;\ a'goonfMum

&Snf NrJNrHvdrfhrnf[kvnf; ol rxifrday/
]]olU a&eHwGif;awGudk nus b,folapmihfovJ[if ...}}
]]tapmihf&Sdwmaygh orD;&JU? wpfwGif;wpfa,mufawmh r[kwfbl;
pkaygif;NyD; napmihfxm;&wmayhg? bmNzpfvdkUvJ}}
tdrfpdk;aronf vlBuD;ozG,f rsufeSmwnfoGm;NyD; aiGtdrf rxif
rSwfaom taNzukd ay;onf/
]]olU a&eHwGif;udk rD;&dIUypfrvdkU}}
]]tkd ...}}
aiGtdrf cGufxdk;cGufvef &,farmrdonf/
]]tr,fav; oGm;rvkyfygeJU rdtdrf&,f ... zrf;rdoGm;&if axmif
usrSmawmh? [kd;vGefcJhwJh oHk;av;eSpfu tJhvdkyJ a&eHwGif;rD;avmifrI
Nzpfw,f? rouFmwJh vlESpfa,mufudk axmifcsypfw,f}}
]]tar [kdwavmu aNymNywJh awmifyHeD olckd;"m;NyawGudk rSwf
rd&JUvm;/ tJ'Dolcdk;awGu olrsm;ydkifwJh ypönf;ukd olrsm;ray;bJckd;
0Sufw,f? r&&if vk,lw,f/ tJ'gaMumihf &mZ0wftkyfawGu zrf;NyD;
axmifcsypfwm/ wcsdKUrsm;qkd BudK;qGJcsNyD; owfcH&wm orD;&JU?
axmifus&if orD;qDudk tarvmvdkU r&awmhbl;? orD;wpfa,muf
wnf; tkwfwdkufusOf;uav;xJ oHwkdifawGxJrSm ae&rSm/ tJ'DxJrSm

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

<uufawG? Murf;ydk;awG? ydk;[yfawGeJU .... acs;ygvJ 'Dae&m pm;vJ

'Dae&m ....}}
xkdtcg ... orD;tvdr®mav;u csufcsif; pum;axmuf\/
]]axmifxJrSm olwkdUu xrif;awmh auR;w,fayhg}}
]]xrif;awmh auR;wmaygh orD;&,f? 'gayr,hf .... xrif;u
ausmufcJawG? ovJawGeJU eyfvJreyfbl; .... rmrmBuD;}}
]]'gayr,hf xrif;awmh pm;&rSmygyJ}}
raiGtdrf oufNyif;udkom csrd\/
orD;u rsufeSmwnfwnfNzihf ar;Nyefonf/
]]tJ'DvlESpfa,mufu uav;awGvm;}}
]]tvum; ... uav;awG[kwfekdifyghrvm; orD;&JU? a&eHwGif;
rD;&IdUygw,fqdkrS b,fuav; NzpfekdifyghrvJ/ narSmifarSmif a&eHaNr
xJ awmf&Hkvl oGm;0Hhwmr[kwfbl;? NrefrmvufwGif;awGu tumt&H
r&Sd a[mif;avmif;? e,faNr ruRrf;usifbJ NyKwfusoGm;&if NyD;ygav
a&m}}
]]tdrfuawmh a&eHaNrrSm narSmifarSmifvJ oGm;wwfygh}}
]]tkd ... b,fES,fhawG vmaNymae&NyefwmvJ? oGm; oGm; ...
raNym aumif;wmawG}}
xkdtcgusrS orD;u cpfceJ&,fum xxGufoGm;onf/
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

xdkpum;rsm;eSihf ywfoufí aiGtdrf trSwfxifxifvnf; rxm;

cJhrday/ a&eHwGif; rD;avmifrIrsm; cPcPNzpfwm aiGtdrf\touf
ESihftrQyif Nzpfonf/ tm;vHk;vdkvdkonf rawmfwq rD;avmifrIrsm;
yif Nzpfonf/ pufwGif;awGESifh vufwGif;awG rD;avmifrI wlvQif
pufwGif;awGu rD;ydkí ysHUESHUvG,\ f / pufwGif;&Sda&eHonf vufwGif;
u&aom a&eHxufydkíoefUpifum rD;avmiftm; aumif;aomaMumifh
Nzpfonf/ vufwGif;rSmawmh a&eHonfaNrBuD;eSihf a&maeum ydkíap;
yspfonf/ rD;avmifvQif xdef;r&wmcsif;twlwl vufwGif;awGu
wpfwGif;eSihf wpfwGif; rul;ekdifay/
orD;[m zsufqD;csifwJh pdwf"mwfuav;rsm; wG,faeNyDvm;/
bmyJNzpfNzpf þudpo
ö nf udk;eSpft&G,f uav;rav;\ tod
OmPfESihf taumiftxnfazmfí r&edkifaom zsufqD;rIomNzpfonf/
xkdUaMumifh aiGtdrfonf orD;eSihfxdkudpö a0;uGmvSonf[k pdwfcs
vufcs xm;cJhrdonf/
okdUaomf aemufoHk;av;&uftMumwGif noef;acgifausmftcsdef
ü aygufuGJoH us,favmifpGmNzihf a&eHwGif;wpfck rD;avmifrI trSef
wu,f Nzpfay:cJhonf/ tdyf&mrS vefUekd;vmaom aiGtdrfonf eD&J
aom rD;awmufta&mifrsm;Nzihf aumif;uifwpfcGifvHk; eDaeonfudk
vSrf;Munhf&if; pdwfxJrSm NAKef;ceJ tdrfpdk;arudk owd&oGm;\/
]]orD; ... tdrfpdk;ar ....}} tdrfpdk;ar tdyf&mxJü r&Sdyg/ aiGtdrf
0kef;ceJ tdrfay:rS aNy;qif;vdkufonf/

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

&kwf&kwfoJoJ aNy;vTm;oGm;aeMuaom vlpk\ qlnHrItMum;

wGif aiGtdrfonf &ifxJrSm ylavmifrGef;usyfaecJ\
h /
]]orD; ... orD; b,frSmvJ? tdrfpdk;ar ....}}
OD;Nrom\ wGif;awG&Sd&mrS vmaom eD&Jonhf rD;a&mifBuD;udk
r,HkMunfekdifpGm arQmfMunhf&i;f aoG;&l;aoG;wef; aNy;vTm;rdonf/
]]arar ....}}
a&eHwGif; wckckxoJ kdU vdrfhusaeavovm;[k pdk;&drfylyefrIonf
orD;udk zufayGUvdkufpOfrSm vHk;0aysmufuG,foGm;&\/ odkUaomf arm
yef;wBuD; wkefvIyfaeaom orD;udk,fcE¨mudk uspfaeatmifzufxm;
&if;u pkd;&drfrItopfwpfck NAKef;ceJ 0ifa&mufvmcJhonf/
]]orD; ... orD; b,foGm;aewmvJ[if}}
]]tdrfombufoGm;wmyg arar&JU}}
r[kwfygbl; ... orD;aNy;vmwm tdrfombufurS r[kwfbJ/
xaemif;yifwef;qDu aNy;vmwmyJ/ odkUaomf aiGtdrfonf taxGt
xl; qufrar;vdkawmhay/ orD;\taNzudk rMum;&Jwmvnf; Nzpfekdif
ygonf/
]]vm vm ... orD;? &kwf&kwfoJoJeJU ... tdrfxJrSmaewm aumif;
ygw,f}}
aiGtdrfh&ifrSm acsmufcsm;rINzihf wqwfqwf wkefvsuf orD;udk
vHkNcHK&mokdU qGJac:vmcJh&onf/
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

aemufwpfaeUeHeufwGif olaX;wGif;pm; OD;Nrom\a&eHwGif;wpf

wGif; rD;avmifNcif;NzpfaMumif;? &dIUrD;[k cefUrSef;aMumif; owif;&&Sd
\/ xkdtcg aiGtdrfonf NAKef;ceJ orD;udk tuJcwfMunhfrd\/orD;
\ rsufESmu cyfwnfwnf/ bk&m; bk&m; ... orD;av;udk zrf;Mu
awmhrSmyJ/
]]orD; ...}}
xkdUaemufrSm om;trdESpfa,mufwn;f Nzpfaomfvnf; tNcm;
olpdrf;Mum;oGm;rSm pkd;onfh avoHrsdK;Nzihf wkd;wkd;uav; ar;rdonf/
]]orD; ... nu a&eHaNr a&mufao;vm;[if}}
]][ihftif; ... ra&mufygbl;}}
odkUaomf orD;\rsufvHk;rsm;udk ararodonf/ rvdrfwwf?
rnmwwfaom rsufvHk;rsm; .../ xdkrsufvHk;rsm;wGif auseyfrI t&dyf
ta&mifNzihf vif;vufawmufyvsuf &Sdavonf/
tkd orD;av;&,f .... /
aiGtdrfhrSm &SdorQ cGeftm;awG NAKef;ceJ qkwf,kwf EGrf;acGoGm;
awmhonf/

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

(9)

1938 ckESpfonf tdrfpkd;ar\ b0wpfqpfcsdK; tauGUwpfckNzpf

onf/
1938 ckESpfwGif ay:aygufvmaom a&eHaNroydwfonf tdrfpdk;
ar\ emMunf;pdwf? rauseyfpdwfESihf ykefuefvdkpdwfrsm;ukd enf;rSef
vrf;rSefa&mufatmif vTJaNymif;ay;tyfvdkufonf/
a&eHaNrwGif qlylzdkU tm;,laecJhonfrSm MumNyD/ a&eHukrÜPDBuD;
rsm;onf 1937 ckESpf? atmufwkdbmvwGif rD;p wpfckNzihf peufwH
teD;okdU csOf;uyfvdkufonf/ a&eHaNrtvkyform;rsm;twGuf tpOf
tquf a&S;umvuwnf;u bmoma&;yGJawmf&ufrsm;tNzpf eSpfpOf
vkyfcrysuf 10 &ufydwfay;cJh&mrS 1937 atmufwdkbmvwGif (7)
&ufokdU avQmhcscJhonf/ xkdtcg wdkUArmtpnf;t&Hk;\ OD;aqmifrI
Nzifh tvkyform;wkdUonf rdrdwdkU\ tcGifhta&;rsm;udk awmif;qkd&ef
NyifqifMuonf/ 1938 ckESpf? Zefe0g&Dvqef;wGif acsmufa&eHaNrrS
pwif oydwfarSmufcJhonf/
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

]]arar ... oydwfarSmufMuawmhrSmqkd}}

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rnfrQ umvMumrnf[k rcefUrSef;ekdif? a,muFsm;tvkyform;awG
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ydk;ulnD&rnf Nzpfonf/
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&JU? tvkyform;tm;vHk; &&r,fh tcGihfta&;twGuf...}}

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

]]arar&m arSmufrSmvm;}}
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aygh/
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aeaom a&eHaNrudkom Nrif&\/ tvHBuD;awG udkifxm;NyD; "m;awG
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

vHSawGESihfcsDwufvmaom q&mpHacgif;aqmifonhf awmifolv,f

orm; tkyfpkBuD;udk MuufoD;xatmif Nrifa,mifcefUrSef;um aMumuf
&GHUrINzihf tm;&auseyfaezl;aom tdrfpkd;aronf olwkdUtdrfxJrSm olwkdU
xkdifaeMuaom tvkyform;rsm;udkom Nrif&\/ w*sKef;*sKef;vnfae
aom a&eHwl; armif;wHBuD;rsm;? tvkyform;wkdU\ qlqlnHnH atmf
[pftvkyfvkyfoHrsm; .../ aNrBuD;xJu a&eHudkxkwfay;aom edrfhvdkuf
Nrihfvdkuf pufarmif;BuD;rsm;? xdkarmif;BuD;rsm;udk xdef;csKyfae&aom
tvkyform;BuD;rsm; ... xdkt&mrsm;udk ,cktcg rNrif&awmhay/
]]arar ... oydwfarSmufNyD [kwfvm;}}
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ovufa&mif;r,f}}
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oHk;av;eSpfu tdrfpkd;aronf t*Fvdyfpmoif&ef cg;cg;oD;oD; Niif;cJh
\/

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

]]t*FvdyfpmBuD; roifcsifygbl;? olwkdU t*FvdyfawGudk rkef;w,f

t*FvdyfawG[m NrefrmawG&JUaoG;udk pkyfaewm ... wJh}}
cifrif;onf uav;i,ftm; azsmif;zscJh&onf/
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vdyfawG a&;xm;orQ pmawG BuD;ar tukefzwfw,f? olwkdUbmawG
awG;ovJ? olwkdU bmawGMuHpnfaeovJ ...tukefodoihfwmaygh/
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awmf&HktwwfynmeJU rNzpfbl; r[kwfvm;?vufeufawG? twwf
ynmawG awmfawmfBuD;udktqihfNrihfrS? awmfrS &wm/ tJ'Dvdkawmf
atmif olwkdU bmawGBudK;pm;cJhovJ ... bmynmawG olwkdUwwfo
vJ ...? 'gawGudk BuD;arwkdU odzdkU vdkw,fr[kwfvm;/ tJ'gawGodzdkU
u olwdkUpmawGukd BuD;arwdkU zwfwwfrSNzpfr,f}}
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vufcHoGm;cJhonf/
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aoGUwdwfqdwfaeaom a&eHaNrwGif vIyfvIyf&Sm;&Sm;tpkuav;rsm;
[dkae&m onfae&mrS Nyef0ifvm\/ wcsdKU a&eHwGif;rsm; Nyefvnf
touf0ifvmNyDNzpfonf/

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

]]orD;a& ... orD;odNyDr[kwfvm;? tkdifbDyD ukrÜPu D awmh

tvkyform;awGudk vdkufavsmay;vdkufNyD? oydwfqkdwm tJ'gudkac:
wmayghorD;&JU}}
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

tpnf;ta0;NzihfqHk;Nzwf\/ oydwfwm;qkdvnf; wm;vdkuf&Hkaygh[k

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tdrfhb0xJrS tNyD;tydkif xGufcGmoGm;NyD; olwpfa,muf aiGtdrfha&SU
okdU qkdufqkdufNrdKufNrdKuf a&mufvmcJhavonf/
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uvdkyif xaemif;yifatmufrSm rwfwwf&yfaeaom vlwpfa,muf
udk awGUvdkuf&onf/
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BuD;BuD; b,ft&mudkrS rxdef;csKyfcsifaom vli,fuav;wpfa,muf
awmh r[kwfawmhay/ okdUaomf pl;&Saom rsuf0ef;rsm;uawmh [dk
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Nynfaom tom;ta&rsm; ndS;EGrf;ndkpdrfhvmcJhNyD/ bmudkrQ rodonfh

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

tNypfuif;pifaom? rmefr&Sdaom rsufvHk;rsm;wGif &ihfusufpGm tmcH

aom t&dyfta&mifwkdU zHk;vTrf;vmcJhNyD/ vGefcJhaom 14ESpfu rkdif0uf
avmufa0;onfhae&mrS a&udk cufcJyifyef;pGm xrf;ydk;o,f,lcJh&
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&Sm;pGm &,farmaysmf&TifcJhonfh ,leDAmpDwD ausmif;om;uav;yg .../
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]]uRefrudk ....}}
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

aiGtdrf rsufvTmcsí NidrfoufoGm;onf/

tdrfa&SUuNyifrSm olUtwGuf oif;zsL;zsmwpfcsyf cif;ay;vkduf
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rD;zdkx&Hab;rSm acgif;NyLíMunhf&if; vSpfceJ NyHK;Nyvdkufavonf/
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qdkwJhpum;vHk;&JU abmifuefUowfcsufudk rif;od&JUvm; ...}}
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taNctae rvGefatmif bmvkyf&r,fqkdwm udk,faNymcsifvdkU vmcJh
wm/ aiGtdrf ... rraNymvdkU rif; 'DxJygaew,fqkdwm od&wm/
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xJ ygvdrfhr,fvdkU udk,frxifcJhrdzl;bl;}}
aiGtdrf wdwfqdwfpGm olUudkai;ae\/

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

]]tck a&eHaNrrSm yk'fr 144 xkwfxm;w,f aiGtdrfodygw,f

aemf}}
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tm; pum;aNymonf/

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

]]oydwfarSmufw,fqdkwm bmOya'rS csdK;azmufwm r[kwfbl;?

oydwfarSmufwmudk wm;NrpfwJh Oya'vJ r&Sdbl;? 'gayr,hf oydwf
wm;w,fqkdwJhae&mrSm tuefUtowf&Sdw,f aiGtdrf? oydwfwm;
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onf/
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

]]aiGtdrf rif;udk,fhudk e,faNymif;cH&atmif vkyfaewmvm;? tJ'D

vdk rpGyfpGJygeJU/ udk,f[m tckcsdeftxd udk,hftvkyfudk opömrazmuf
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wwfekdif&if rif;oydwfwm;wJhtzGJUxJrSm rygzkdU&,f ...}}
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xdkUaemuf olNAKef;ceJ xkdif&mrS xvdkufonf/ avSum;qDokdU
aNcvSrf;vSrf;&if; owday;\/
]]ukd,foGm;r,f aiGtdrf ... ukd,f'Dpum;awG vmaNymoGm;w,f
qkdwm rif; b,folUudkrS raNymbl;vdkU udk,fpdwfcsaer,f? udk,frif;
twGufeJU 'kua© &mufrSm rif;rNrif&ufbl; r[kwfvm;}}
aiGtdrfonf olUaemufrSm uyfvkdufoGm;&if; rsufeSmwnfwnf
Nzihf acgif;,rf;vdkufonf/
]]uRefr em;vnfygw,f tpfudk}}
olonf tdrfa&SUokdU cyfpdkufpdkufNzihf xGufoGm;NyD;rS wHkUceJ&yf
um NyefavQmufvm\/

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

]]owdawmhxm;ygaemf ... aiGtdrf? Oya'csdK;azmufw,fvdkU pGyfpGJ

cH&oleJU Oya't& w&m;pD&ifwJhol&JUMum;rSm tqifhawGtrsm;BuD;
ausmf&w,f? wdkuf&dkuf rawGUMu&bl;? Mum;rSm vlawG&Sdaew,f? pGyf
pGJvdkufwJhvlawGaygh? Oyrm ... a&eHaNru ykvdyfawGaygh/ wpfcgwpf
cgtNypfrJhwJhvleJU tNypf&SdwJhvleJU ruGJNym;awmhbl;? aiGtdrf udk,f
aNymwm oabmayguf&JUvm;}}
]][kwfuJh}}
olonf pdwfrcswcsNzihf vSnhfxGufoGm;onf/
aemufeSpf&ufMumaomtcg a&eHaNrwGif tvkyform;rsm;\
aoG; aNrokdUuscJh&aom zrf;qD;&dkufeSufrIrsm; NzpfyGm;cJhavonf/
oydwfwm; trsdK;orD;rsm;? ocifrrsm;udk eHywfwkwfNzihf &dkufeuf
Ncif;? udk,fxdvufa&muf zrf;csKyfNcif;wkdUudk NyKvkyfcJhMuonf/tzrf;
cH&onhf ocifrsm;eSifhtwl tvkyfor aiGtdrfyg yg0ifcJhonf/ &mZ
0wf0efonf trsdK;orD;tm; axmif'Pf wpfvrS ESpfvtxd tNypf
ay;vdku\ f /
aiGtdrf axmifESpfv usoGm;onf/
tdrfpdk;aronf arar axmifusoGm;onfhtwGuf rwkefvIyfay/
taru arG;? axmifuauR;owJh[laom aqmifyk'fudk &ifxJrSm
pGJaeatmif rSwfom;NyD;NyDNzpfonf/ xkdUNyif arara&mif;vufp rkefU
ysm;ovufudka&mif;zdkUvnf; r&SufaMumufay/ vlqkdonfrSm oefU
&Sif;aomenf;Nzihf aiG&SmzdkUudk r&SufaMumuf&/ þaiGonf ararht
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

wGuf rkefYyJoGm;a&pmzdk;vnf;Nzpfonf/ tdrfpdk;artwGuf xrif;zdk;

eSihf ausmif;p&dwfvnf;Nzpfonf/
okdUaomf cifrif;aronf tdrfpdk;aruav; aps;axmifhrSm rkefUysm;
ovufa&mif;aeonfhtNzpfudk rNrif&ufay/ ratu axmifxJrSm ...
þuav;rav;onf touf 12ESpft&G,f a&T&ifodrf;pt&G,f?
na&; nwmrSm þuav;rudk b,fvdk pdwfcsxm;ekdifygrvJ/
b,fwkef;urS owÅdraumif;cJhaom cifrif;onf wlruav;
twGuf owÅd&Sdvm\/ eHeufaumfzD0dkif;wGif olr\qHk;Nzwfcsufudk
at;aq;nifompGm? odkUaomf wdus ckdifrmpGmzGihfaNymcJh\/
]]aiGtdrf axmifusaewJhtcsdefrSm tdrfpkd;aruav;udk 'DtdrfrSm
ac:xm;rSNzpfr,f azaz ... 'Duav;rav;[m tkyfxdef;ol r&SdbJ
olUwpfa,mufwnf;xm;zdkU roihfawmfqHk; t&G,fyJ}}
azazu rsufarSmifMuKwfvsuf bmrSraNym/ wifwifat;onf
0kef;ceJ xxGufoGm;\/ cifrif; oJhoJhav; NyHK;vdkufavonf/
tdrfpkd;aronf aiGbHkomtdrfBuD;qDokdU a&mufvmcJhonf/ rdrdESpf
aygif;rsm;pGm aeom;usvmcJhonhf tdrfvkdyif tdrfpkd;aronf &J0HhpGm?
aoG;at;pGm 0ifa&mufvmNcif;Nzpfonf/ a':av;aeaom wef;vsm;
rSm xm;zkdU wifwifat;u aNymawmh ... cifrif; at;pufpuf NyHK;ekdif
NyDNzpfonf/
]]olu at;atmifvkdyJ rr&JUaoG;av ... aemufaz;wef;vsm;rSm
rxm;ekdifygbl;? rrar&JU ckwifay:rSm eSpfa,muftdyfr,f}}
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

]]tJ'Dvdk usyfusyfaNrSmufpm; ... tJ'D[mrav;u rrar&JUacgif;

ay:wufvmvdrfhr,f}}
wifwifat;u remvdk r&IqdwfpGm tNypfwifawmh cifrif; ycHk;
wGefU NyHK;Nyvdku\
f /
]]udprö &Sdygbl; at;&,f ... tdrfpdk;aru rracgif;ay:wufr,f
qkd&if NyHK;NyHK;uav; cHzdkU toihfygyJ? wifwifat; acgif;ay:rwuf
vmzdkUyJ wifwifat; wm0ef,lyg}}
cifrif;onf þtdr\
f rD;cHaowÅmaomhudk wifwifat;awmif;
uwnf;u wifwifat;udk Munhfr&cJhay/ 'Duav;rES,f 'Davmuf
ae&m,lcsif&ovm;[k tHhvnf;tHhMocJhonf/ eSpfvnf; rESpfNrdKUekdifcJh
ay/
]]orD; ... azazhudk tJ'Daumifrav;eJU xrif;wpf0dkif;wnf;auR;
wJhtxdawmh rapmfum;bl; r[kwfvm;}}
azazonf tdrfpdk;artm; aNr;tNzpf oabmrxm;ekdifaMumif;
NycsifvdkUvm;? acR;r wifwifat; tm;&aysmf&Tifatmifvm; rod/ odkU
aomfcifrif;onf azazhoabmxm;udk &dkaopGmyif emcHvdkufavsmcJh
ygonf/ wpfcgwpf&H rif;acgifvmvQif rif;acgifeSihf cifrif;onf
tdrfpdk;arESihf xri;fvufqHk pm;Mu\/ rif;acgifonf wifwifat;
a&SUrSmayr,fh orD;udk Muifem,k,pGm pum;aNymwwfonf/ at;
atmifESihf tdrfpdk;arudk aNyvnfoGm;atmif nSdEdIif;ay;zdkU BudK;pm;ao;
onf/ okdUaomf uav;eSpfOD;\ remvdkpdwfrsm;BuD;rm;vSygonf/
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

touf12ESpft&G,f uav;wpfa,muf\ remvdkpdwf?emMunf;

pdwfNyif;xefwm tHhMop&mr&dSaomfvnf; awmfvSefvdkpdwfESihf Nyif;
xefwmudkawmh tm;vHk;tHhMo&onf/
tdrfpkd;aronf {NyDvukef&uf wpf&ufwGif pm&Gufuav;wpf
&Gufudk ,lvm\/ 4if;pm&GufrSm a&eHaNrtvkyform; tpnf;t&Hk;
BuD;\edI;aqmfpmNzpfonf/ cifrif; wpfcsuf&Sef;zwfNyD;aemuf uav;
rtm; ai;Munhfrdonf/
]]orD; .... 'Dpm&Guf azazhudk oGm;rNy&bl;aemf}}
]]bmNzpfvdkUvJ BuD;ar}}
]]azazwkdUu tkyfcsKyfwJh vlwef;pm; ... 'Dpm&GufxJu tvkyfo
rm;awGu awmfvSefr,hf vlwef;pm;? 'DESpfrsdK;[m &efolyJ? 'Dpm&Guf
udk azazNrifoGm;&if azazvJ bmvkyf&rSef; odrSmr[kwfbl;? orD;vJ
bmrSqufvkyfvdkU r&bJaevdrfhr,f ... aemforD;}}
pmyg taMumif;t&monf a&eHacsmif;NrdKUrSm ara';aeU pnf;a0;
yGJ NyKvkyf&ef zdwfac:onfh edI;aqmfpmNzpfonf/
]]taqG tvkyform; qif;&Jom;taygif;wkdU ....
arv 1 &ufaeUonfum; taqGwkdU? igwkdU vlpOfrrDbJwmaw
vefatmif iwfNywfrGJawaomb0ü oGwfoGif;ESdrfeif;xm;onfh
,kwfrmnpfqkd;"e&Sipf epfrsdK;rSeforQwkdUudk wpfurmÇvHk;&Sdtvkyf
orm; qif;&Jom;wkdUu wpfvHk;wpfpnf; wpfNydKifeufwnf;nD
nmzsxí uefUuGufMuaom aeUxl;aeUNrwfBuD;aywnf; .....}}
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

tdrfpdk;aronf Munfvifaom rsuf0ef;rsm;Nzihf cifrif;tm; cyf

qqMunhf\/
]]tJ'D tpnf;ta0;udk tdrf oGm;wufrSm ... BuD;BuD;ar vdkufr
vm;}}
]]tdk}}
cifrif; a,mifcsmcsm NyHK;vdkuf&onf/
]]BuD;ar vdkufvdkUb,fNzpfrvJ? tdrfpdk;arvJ roGm;&ygbl;? 'g...
uav;tvkyfrS r[kwfwm}}
]]BuD;aruvJ tJ'Dvdk csKyfcs,fcsifvdkU tdrfhukd 'Dac:xm;wmaygh
aemf}}
]]tdk ... r[kwfygbl; orD;&,f? awmfMum ykvdyfawG bmawGeJU
&kwf&kwfoJoJ Nzpf&if ...}}
cifrif;onf pdwftm;xufoefaom tdrfpdk;artm; bmquf
aNym&rSef; rod/
]]tkd; .... ararawmif axmifuscH&Jao;w,f}}
acgif;rmvSygvm;/
]]aeOD; ... BuD;arqHk;atmif zwfOD;r,f}}
]]arv 1 &ufaeU 1300Nynhf? uqkefvqef; 3&uf? we*FaEG
aeU 12em&Dtcsdef? a&eHacsmif;NrdKU? vnfay:wefaqmif;BuD;twGif;odkU
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

NrdKUolNrdKUom;rsm;ESihf tvkyform;wkdif; rysufruGuf qufquf<u

a&mufum ara';txdrf;trSwf w&m;yGJrsm; usif;yMuukef .... }}
]]BuD;BuD;ar rvdkuf&if orD;wpfa,mufwnf; oGm;csifw,f}}
]]tkd 'Duav;eS,f ....}}
]]arv 1&ufaeUwGif taqGwdkU igwdkU tdrfvHk;uRwf? e,fvHk;
uRwf? NynfvHk;uRwf? urmÇvHk;uRwf wufa&mufpka0;NyD;vQif
nae 3em&DtcsdefrSpí vrf;wumvrf;? t&yfwumt&yfwdkUudk
vSnhfvnfum aomaom&kwf&kwftkwftkwfoJoJ [pfa<u;a<u;
a<u;aMumfMuukeftHhownf;}}
]]BuD;ar ....}}
cifrif;onf uav;udk rsufeSmxm;wnfwnfNzihf wpf0ufvkduf
avsmum wpf0ufwm;Nrpfvdku\f /
]]uJ uJ ... tpnf;ta0;yGJukd orD;roGm;&bl;? 'gayr,hftpnf;
ta0;NyD;vdkU&Sd&if tJ'Dtvkyform; tkyfpkBuD; NrdKUxJu vrf;awGrSm csD
wufMurSm? tJ'Dtcrf;tem;udkawmh BuD;arudk,fwdkif orD;udkvdkufNy
r,f}}
]]wu,faemf BuD;ar ... uwdaemf}}
]]at; .. uwd}}
xkdaeUu tvkyform;xkBuD;av;a,mufwpfwGJ wef;pDícsDwuf
vmonfudk Nynfolvlxkonf auseyfwuf<upGm tm;ay;cJh\/
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

tvkyform;wdkU\ vufoD;rsm;onf uspfvspfrmaMumaeatmif qkyf

xm;NyD; xkdvufoD;qkyfudk tm;rmeftNynhfNzihf rdk;xufokdU aNrSmuf
umaNrSmufum atmf[pfMuonf/
]]oydwf oydwf arSmuf ...... arSmuf}}
]]qif;&Jom;acwfBuD; ..... wnfaxmifMuavmh}}
tdrfpkd;aronf cifrif;teD;wGif ckefqGckefqG Nzpfae\/
]]BuD;ar ... tdrfvJ vdkufatmfcsifw,f}}
]]tdk ... orD;uvJuG,f}}
okdUaomf wuf<uum awmfvSefpdwf tNynhf&Sdaom tdrfpdk;ar
onf cifrif;NyHK;Munhfae&avmufatmifyif tm;&yg;& [pfatmfav
onf/
]]"e&Sifpepf ... ysufpD;ygap}}
toHrsm; NymtufoGm;atmif atmf[pfaeonhf orD;i,fudk
MunhfNyD; cifrif; em;rvnfekdifatmif Nzpf&onf/ onfaoG;[m rif;
acgif&JUaoG;r[kwfbl;? 'g aiGtdrf&JU aoG;yJvm;? 'grSr[kwf ... onf
aoG;udk tdrfpdk;ar\udk,fcE¨mxJokdU rnfonhfrsdK;quf\ ikyfADZtNzpf
0ifa&mufaecJhwmygvdrfh/ 'grSr[kwf ... 'g[m rsdK;&dk;eJUrqkdifbJ ywf
0ef;usif\ zdeSdyfrIeJUyJ qkdifovm; .../
a[m[dku tvkyform;awGudk Munhfprf;? olwdkUtazawG tzdk;
awG tm;vHk;[m awmfvSefa&;aoG; ygcsifrS ygcJhrSmaygh/ 'gayr,hf
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

tck olwdkUtm;vHk;awmfvSefzdkU tqifoihfNzpfaeMuNyd r[kwfvm;/'g

[m rsdK;qufeJU rqkdifbl;? 'g[m zdeSdyfrIeJU NyefuefrIoabmw&m;yJ/
1938 ckeSpf? 'DZifbmvqef;rSmawmh tdrfpdk;ar pdwful;Nzihf rSef;
qarQmfvihfcJhzl;onhf a&eHaNrtvkyform; ta&;awmfyHkBuD; pwifcJh
awmhonf/ q,fvwkdifwkdif pdwf&SnfpGm? rsdKodyfpGm tm;wif;pGmNzifh
xdef;csKyfxm;cJhaom a&eHaNroydwfBuD;onf oydwfwyfaygif;pktNzpf
aNymif;vJoGm;NyD; acsmufa&eHaNrrS pwifí aNcvsif vrf;avQmufcsD
wufvmcJhNyD Nzpfonf/
]]olwdkUawG b,foGm;MurvdkUvJ arar}}
]]olwkdUawG &efukefudk oGm;MurSmaygh? bk&ifcH&Hk;udk oGm;0dkif;Mu
r,fxifw,f}}
tdrfpdk;aronf ararESihftwl tvkyform;wyfBuD;twGuf pm;
aomufzG,f&mrsm; ay;vI&ef tm;BudK;rmefwuf pDpOf&if; Munfel;ae
onf/
]]olwdkUudk [kdwpfcgvdk pufaoewfawGeJU ypfrSmvm; arar}}
]]rypfygbl; orD;&JU? [kd[mu vufeuf"m;vSHawGeJU ykefuefwm
'gu qE´NycsDwuf&HkoufoufyJav ... bmvufeufrS rygbl;? bm
tMurf;zufrIrS rygbl;}}
odkUaomf aiGtdrfonf ukd,hfpum;udk,fr,HkbJ Nzpf&Nyef\/
oydwfwm;onfhudprö Smuwnf;u t*Fvdyfppfykvdyfrsm;udk r,HkMunf
&aMumif; odcJh&NyD/
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

]]wGif;ukef;udk 'DaeUn a&mufrSmayghaemf ... arar}}

]]at; ...}}
]]tdrfwkdU tJ'Dudk oGm;MurSmvm;}}
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wkdUu ab;rJha&mufwJhtcg 0mm0ef,l&r,f? olwkdU reufNzefrSm q&m
awmhfausmif;udk a&mufvmrSm orD;&JU}}
a&eHaNroydwfonf tdrfpdk;artwGuf auseyftm;&p&m?aoG;<u
p&m .... xdkUNyif pum;vHk; topftqef;rsm;udk avhvmrSwfrdp&m
ausmif;oifcef;pmwpfckyif Nzpfonf/ rD;wkwf ...rD;wkwf ..&dIU.... &dIU/
ocifrsdK;a[h 'dkUArm ... [laom [pfa<u;oHrsm;? ae0ifrD;Nidrf;trdefU
yk'fr 144? vlqdk;yk'fr 107? tpmtiwfcHNcif; .../tdrfpdk;ar wuf<u
pGm MunhfaepOfrSmyif a&eHaNroydwfwyfBuD;onf eHeufcif;aea&mif
atmufwGif ab;rJhvrf;rS a&TbHkomvrf; ... xkdrSwpfqihf rauG;buf
txd um;vrf;qDodkU OD;wnfí &J0ihfpGm csDwufoGm;Muavonf/
]]rauG;rSm azaz&Sdw,faemf}}
]]tif;}}
aiGtdrfonf oydwfwyfBuD;udk NrdKUtxGufxd vkdu
k fydkU[pfa<u;
&mrS tenf;i,f idkifawGoGm;onf/

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

udk,fhvlrsdK;tcsif;csif;udk t*Fvdyftvdkus axmifcszdkU? ao'Pf

ay;zdkU ol enf;enf;rS rwGefUqkwfbl;vm;/ aiGtdrf olUudkar;Munhf
csifonf/ tpfukd[m 'Dta&;awG BudKNrifcJhzdkUaumif;wmaygh/
bk&modMum;rí tpfudktkyfcsKyf&me,faNr ausmfwJhtxd tvkyf
orm;wyfBuD; ab;roD&efrcbJ csDwufekdifygap/ tpfudkvnf; &J&J
awmuf rsdK;cspfacgif;aqmifawGudk zrf;qD;rdefUay;&wJhtNzpf ra&muf
ygapeJU/
odkUaomf aiGtdr\
f qkawmif;rsm;onf b,fwkef;urS rNynhf0cJh
yg/
rauG;NrdKUrSm oydwfacgif;aqmifrsm;udk zrf;vkdufNyD ... [laom
owif;awG ysHUESHUvmwkef;u xkdowif;onf aiGtdrfhb0ü aemufqHk;
usefaeonfh taumif;Nrif0g'uav;udk &dkufcsdK;zsufqD;vdkufonf/
&efukefta&;awmfyHkü aumvdyfausmif;om; Akdvfatmifausmf usqHk;
oGm;NyD[laom owif;? ausmif;oluav;rsm; eHywfwkwfcsufrdí
aoG;oH&J&J acgif;uGJum aq;&HkrSmwufa&mufuko&NyD[laomowif;?
xkdowif;rsm; Mum;&aomtcgrSmawmh aiGtdrfh&ifxJrSm ysdK;xm;cJh
onfh owdÅuav; vHk;0aysmufqHk;oGm;&\/
owif;pm tyHkvdkufBuD;udk oJBuD;rJBuD; zwf&Iaeaom orD;tm;
txdwfwvefU MunhfrdoGm;onf/
[ihftif; ... orD; aooGm;vdkU rNzpfbl;/ ararhb0rSm orD;wpf
a,mufukdyJ wG,fwmrdwm? orD;twGufoufouf arar touf&Sif
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

aecJhwm/ rNzpfbl; ... orD;udk arar tqHk;&IH;rcHekdifbl;/ orD;udk

aorif;qDrSmvnf; paw;rcHekdifbl;/ axmifxJrSmvnf; paw;rcHekdif
bl;/ 'gwifrubl;? orD;rSm xdwfvefUwkefvIyfrIeJU pkd;&drfaomu
awGawmif r&Sdapcsifbl;/ ig bmvkyf&rvJ ..../
&ufpufMurf;MuKwfonhf ppfykvdyfwdkU\ qGJ&zrf;qD; csKyfaeSmif
rIudk emMunf;pGmcH,lcJhaom? t*Fvdyftpdk;&\ axmif'Pfudk &J0HhpGm
cH,lcJhaom aiGtdrfonf orD;\ eke,faysmhaysmif;onfh udk,fcE¨m
av;tm; b,fppfykvdy\ f xdukdifrIudkrS rcHapvdk? orD;\ ydk;om;vdk
eufaysmif;onfh qHyifxufrSm t&SdefNyif;pGm usa&mufvmrnfh wkwf
csufrsm;udk aiGtdrfu b,fvdkowdÅrsdK;? b,fESvHk;om;rsdK;Nzihf Nrif
&ufMum;&ufyghrvJ/
aemufqHk;awmh aiGtdrfonf qHk;Nzwfcsuf wpfck csvdkuf&\/

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

(10)

1939ckeSpf? pufwifbmvu 1&ufaeUwGif NAdwdoQESihf Nyifopf

wkdU umuG,fapmihfa&Smufxm;Muaom ydkvefekdifiHtm; *smreDekdifiHu
pwifwkdufcdkufvdkufonfhtcg NAdwdoQwkdUonf 1939ckeESpf? puf
wifbmv 3&ufaeU? eHeuf 3em&DtcsdefwGif *smreDwdkUtm; ppfaMu
nmvdku\ f / aemuf 2em&DtMumwGif NyifopfwkdUu *smreDudk ppf
aMunmvdkufNyefonf/ þenf;tm;Nzihf 'kwd,urmÇppfBuD; pwifNzpf
yGm;vmcJhonf/
ppfrD;\ taiGUtoufrsm;onf a&eHacsmif; a&eHaNrokdU wNznf;
Nznf; ysHUeSHUvmcsdefwGif tdrfpdk;aronf touf 15eSpfxJ 0ifcgp?
uav;b0rS rdef;ri,fb0odkU ul;aNymif;vmcgpt&G,f Nzpfonf/
þt&G,fonf t&m&mudk pl;prf;csifpdwf&Sdonf/ t&m&monf rdrdyg
0ifaqmif&GufrS atmifNrif&vdrhfrnf[k udk,fhudk,fudk ,HkMunfvGef
pdwfESihf rme&Sdaeonf/ [kdwkef;u BuD;BuD;arESihf ararxHrS odcsifo
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

rQ t&mwdkUtm; ar;Nref;NyD: yg;pyfuav; [um ai;armem;axmifcJh

aomtdrfpkd;aronf ,cktcg vlBuD;ESpfa,mufudk urmÇppftaMumif;
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

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av? qefUusifw,fav}}
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vlawGtrsm;BuD; aoawmhr,f? txl;oNzihf ... a[m'Da&eHaNrudk t*F
vdyfeJU *smreDawGeJU? 'grSr[kwf ... t*FvdyfeJU *syefawGeJU vkMu
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ekdifygawmhrvm;}}
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tcgyJ? vHk;0vGwfvyfa&;udk &&awmhr,fh tcsdeftcgyJ? vlNrifekdif
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

]]ararvJ 'Dtdrfudk cspfwmaygh orD;&,f? 'gayr,fh ... touf

&Sif &yfwnfzdkUtwGuf wpfcgwpfcgrSmawmh udk,fcspfwJht&mawGudk
pGefUvTwf&wwfw,fwJh? rraraNymzl;w,f}}
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tdrfonf bk&ihfaemif azmufzsufonfhxHk;ukd ESvHk;rlí azmifzsuf
vdkufNyDNzpfonf/ wkdufyGJudk atmifEdkifatmif wkdufzdkUomvdkygawmh
onf/
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&ifvJ a[m'D a&eHaNrvdk AHk;'Pf? pufaoewf'Pf a&mufvmrSm r
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rqkd 'DudkvmNyD; tpmvkawmhrSmyJ}}
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d /
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

]]r[kwfbl; orD;? BuD;BuD;arudk,fwkdifu 'DtMuHukd ay;cJhwm?

taemufbufurf;rSm BuD;BuD;ar0,fxm;wJh v,fuGufawG&Sdw,f?
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ppfrNzpfcif ararwkdU BudKNyD;oGm;ae&r,f? ppfNzpf&if a&eHaNruae
BuD;BuD;arwkdU aNy;wJhtcg ararwkdUqD aNy;vmr,f? aemufNyD; ....}}
orD;\ tHhMoaeaom rsuf0ef;rsm;udk eSpfodrfhpGm pdkufMunhf
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ay;vdkufonf/
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nif;pGm avQmufoGm;onf/ ycHk;ay:rS onftwdkif; NyefUusJaeaom
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

qHyifeufeufrsm;onf va&mifwGif &Tef;vufum ta&mifNyefvsuf&Sd

onf/
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onf zatxH rMumcP oGm;a&mufvnfywfcGihf &ayvdrfhrnf/
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MunhfbJ wkd;wdwfpGm aNymonf/
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aiGtdrfonf bmrS raNymbJ Nidrfae\/
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rD;&dIUypf&if aumif;rvm;vdkU}}
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

]]arar .....}}
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vkyfypfvkdufwmvJ? aNymygarar&JU? aNymprf;yg}}
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aom tdrfpdk;ar\toHrsm; aNcmufaoGUaeonf/ aiGtdrfonf orD;udk
rsufeSmxm;wif;wif;Nzihf aNymcsvdkufonf/
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vmraNymeJUawmh}}
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pdk;ar &ifrqkdif&JpGm vSnhfxGufoGm;cJhavonf/
cifrif;aruawmh ynmwfolyDyD wlrav;tm; Nyóemudk aNy
vnfatmif csufusvufus &Sif;Nyazsmif;zszdkU BudK;pm;&onf/
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a&;orm;awGavmuf Aavmif;AvJedkifwm &SdOD;rvm;? atmufaNcawG
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rSmeif;NyD; tmPmudk ,lMuwm/ BuD;arwkdUrSmawmh tm;udk;vdkuf&wm
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

aNrSmufpm;vdkuf&wm/ uJ ... tck wNcm;rMunhfeJU wdkUArmtpnf;t

&Hk;yJ Munhf? uGJukefNyD? ocifxGef;tkyf? ocifApdef*dkPf;wJh? ocifudk,f
awmfrdIif;*dkPf;wJh ... bmawGvJ? t*Fvdyfudk awmfvSefzdkU tiftm;pk
aewJhtcsdefrSm bmvdkUuGJ&wmvJ/ aemufNyD; *sDpDbDattzGJUBuD; uGJ
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uyfekdifwJh &l;&kl;rdkufrdkuf uav;awGudkawmh rvdkbl; orD;}}
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

zufvkdu\ f / tdrfpdk;ar\t&yfonf ,ck ESpfeSpfwGif&Snfvsm;pGmNrihf

rm;vmaomaMumifh ,cktcg olUratxufyif t&yfausmfaeNyD/ cif
rif;udk rSD&ef wpfvufravmufyJ vdkawmhonf/
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atmif ysufpD;oGm;r,fqkd&if b,hfES,fvkyfrvJ BuD;ar}}
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i,fawG trsm;BuD;yguG,f? tJ'Davmuf txif rao;prf;ygeJU}}

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

tdrfpkd;aronf a&eHwl;pifBuD;rsm;qDrS pufvGefacgif;BuD;rsm; w

0D0D w'D'DvSnhfoHudk em;pGihfNyD;aemuf tdrfaemufaz;uGufvyfrS [dk;
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&Sm;vsuf qlnHae\/ aea&mifatmufrSm owÅKavSmifuefBuD;rsm;
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

wuúodkvfwufcsif&ifvJ wuf&r,f? tckavmavmq,fawmh ppfudk

a&SmifMu&rSmaygh}}
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csufeJU orD;toufxGufzdkU r[kwfbl; ..../vSHpGyfzsm;rSm orD;touf
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

toufao&zdkUvJ r[kwfbl; orD;/ ol orD;udk b,fvdken;feJurS

tqHk;&IH;rcHekdifbl;}}
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a'gorsuf&nfaMumifhNzpfonf/ xkdrsuf&nfrsm;aMumifh tdrfpdk;ar
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bmrSrwwfekdifwJhudpö r[kwfvm;[if? tarawGom wm;Nrpfekdifr,f
qdk&if NrefrmekdifiHrSm ocifA[def;wkdU ocifatmifqef;wkdU NzpfvmrSm
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cifrif;onf &pf0Jaeaom rsuf&nfrsm;udk rsufawmifcwfí Nyef
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aysmfrSmyg? pyg;awG xGufw,fqkd/ tdrf pyg;yifawGudk wpfcgrS
rNrifzl;ao;bl;? vSrSmyJaemf}}

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

avoH csufcsi;faNymif;vJum &TifysoGm;aom uav;uuav;

udk cifrif; rsufapmif;xkd;Munhfvdku\
f / wwfvnf; wwfekdifygayh
ra&Ttdrf/
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wkdUArmtpnf;t&Hk;qkdwJh emrnfudk Mum;zl;ol b,fESpfa,muf
&SdyghrvJ ... [laomtcsufyif Nzpfonf/
'gudkawmh ararESihf BuD;arudk zGihfaNymvkdU rNzpfyg/

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

tydkif; (2)

tdrfpdk;ar

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

(1)

taemufbufrSm &ckdif&dk;rawmifwef;? ta&SUbufrSm yJcl;&dk;r

awmifwef;tpG,fESpfckudk Nrpf\ wpfzufwpfcsufrSm rIefysystqif;
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pGm/ aNyNypfpGm cyfoGufoGufpD;qif;vsuf &Sdonf/ 0gacgifvNzpf
aomaMumihf {&m0wDNrpfNyifay:rSm avSBuD; avSi,f t&G,fpHkonf
oabFmNzihf qGJp&mrvdkbJ Nrpfatmufydki;fodkU pkefqif;vsuf&Sdonf/
OD;axmif? yJhaxmif wygavSBuD;rsm;? pyfavSrsm;? ul;wkdUavSrsm;?
ydef;aumrBuD;rsm;onf usaeatmufwGif tpDt&D vSyaeonf/
xkdtxJwGif a&eHwif wygavSBuD;wpfpif;onf tygt0ifNzpfonf/
a&eHwif wygavSBuD;\ aemufvdkuf 0g;xkd;avSom;Nzpfol
[oFmtwGufawmh þ{&m0wD&Icif;onf b,fawmhrS r&dk;ekdifonfh
yef;csDum;wpfcsyfyifwnf;/

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

Nrihfrm;aom avSBuD;wGif xkdifaeapumrl avSatmufu a&Nyif

onf oleSihf tvGef&if;eSD;vSaomaMumihf a&pD;oH woGifoGifonf
olUem;xJwGif teD;uyfwkdufcwfvdkufonfh r,f'vifoHvkd csdKomvS
onf/ olUem;rsm; rnfrQyg;eyfvdkufovJqkdvQif avS\a&SUem;u a&
NyifatmufwGif a&pD;tm;udk toHk;csxm;onfh a&&Gu\ f a&wkd;wkduf
oHudkyif olMum;ae&onf/ okdUr[kwf a&\ wkefcgrI? avS\ wkefcg
rIrSwpfqihf olUaNcz0g;xJ? xkdrS olUem;xJodkU a&mufvmwm Nzpfcsif
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olonf {&m0wDNrpf a&Nyifay:rSm arG;zGm;cJho9nf/
xkdUaMumifhyJvm; rod/ {&m0wDudk ol cspfonf/ {&m0wD[l
onfh emrnfonf rnfonfh&Sifbk&if vufxufuwn;fu pwif
rSnhfac:cJhovJ olrod/ olonf yx0DESihforkdif;udk [kwf[kwfNim;
Nim; pmoif&avmufatmif ausmif;aecJhzl;ol r[kwfacs/ okdUaomf
{&m0wD[lonfh emrnfukd ay;cJholtm; ol tvGeftHhMopGm csD;usL;rd
\/ b,favmufvSvdkufwJh emrnfvJ/ NrefrmekdifiH\ Nrpfawmfawmf
rsm;rsm;udk ol Mum;zl;onf/ csif;wGif;Nrpf odkUr[kwf 'kX0wDNrpf?
ppfawmif;Nrpf? oHvGifNrpf? rl;Nrpf? rkef;Nrpf? aZmf*sDNrpf? yef;avmifNrpf?
rPdyl&Nrpf ... tm;vHk;xJrSm {&m0wDonf emrnfa&m? tqif;a&m
tvSqHk;Nzpfonf/ t&Snfvsm;qHk;vnf; Nzpfonf/ teuf&dIif;qHk;
vnf;Nzpfonf/ toHk;tusqHk;vnf; Nzpfonf/

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

wu,fawmh olonf {&m0wDukd oufrJha&NyifwpfcktNzpf

rNrifrdbJ ouf&Sdwpfa,mufvdk? &Jabmf&Jbufwpfa,mufvdk cspf cif
&if;eSD;cJhNcif;Nzpfonf/
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tar&SdpOfwkef;u olUudk rMumrMum aNymNyzl;onf/ taronf
tvGefoem;p&maumif;ygonf/ taz wufrukdifb0wkef;u tarh
b0rSm bmrS ylyifaMumihfMup&m r&Sd/ wpfcgwpfcg tazhavSBuD;ay:
wGif atmufNynfatmuf&GmtxdvdkufoGm;&pOfu aysmfp&myifaumif;
ao;onf/ wufrudkifqkdonfrSm avBuD;wpfpif;vHk;wGif a&aMumif;
taetxm;? &moDOwk taetxm; tuRrf;usifqHk; yk*dK¾ vNzpfí? vl
tm;vHk;u av;pm;&ol Nzpfonf/ avSolBuD;uvGJvQif avSay:rSm
tmPmt&SdqHk; yk*d¾Kvfvnf; Nzpfonf/ þuJhokdU tqihfrsdK;&atmif
tazonf eSpfaygif;rsm;pGm cGeftm;ESihf tawGUtMuHKukd &if;eSD;cJh&
onf/ rlv yxrwkef;uawmh tazonf vli,fb0rSm olUvdkyif
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xdk;om;[k aNymvdku aNymekdifayvdrhfrnf/ avSxdk;om;tqihfqihfudk
taz NzwfausmfcJhzdkU ESpfaygif; b,favmufMumovJ olrod/ acgif
0g;b0rS wufrudkifb0odkU a&mufatmif eSpfaygif;b,favmufNzwf
oef;&ovJ olrod/ taronf onftaMumif;awG olUudk NyefaNym&
avmufatmif A[kokwESifh todOmPf r&SdcJh&Smyg/
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

ol odwwfonhft&G,fwGif taz iSufzsm;a&m*gNzihf uG,fvGef

oGm;onf/ tazhudk olrSwfrdorQrSm uspfvspfawmifhwif;aom tazh
vufzsef awmifhawmifhBuD;udk ol ckdpD;&if; aqmhcJh&onfhumv? tazh
aemufvdkuf wynhfwpfa,mufESihf olwdkU nDtpfudk [kd;cyfvSrf;vSrf;
&Sd &cdkif&dk;rawmifpG,f opfyiftkyfqDokdU a&MunfoD;aumuf&ef oGm;
aomumvwkdUomNzpfonf/ a&MunfoD;[k avSorm;awGac:aom
toD;wpfrsdK;onf Nymodk?wydkUwGJavmufwGif&ihfrSnhfpNyKum waygif;?
wefcl;qkdvQif aNrNyifodkU a<uwwfonf/ xkd a&MunfoD;onf
aemufusdaoma&udk 10 rdepfavmuftwGif; MunfoGm;apaom owdÅ
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udkaomuf&Ncif; Nzpfonf/ tpfudkonf a&MunfoD; aumufvQif
awmxJ0ifNyD; awGUorQ iSufESihfowÅ0gav;rsm;udk ypfcwfwwfaom
aMumifh wpfcgu tpfudkUudk taz&dkufESufzl;wm ol rSwfrdaecJhonf/
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ol t&dkufcH&onfh udpEö Sihfywfowfí tpfukdonf olUudk raus
eyfay/
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

]]rif; ... awmfawmf twkdiftawmxlwJh uav;ygvm;? bmudpö

rif;u oGm;aNym&wmvJ}}
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Mudrf;armif;\/ tJonfwkef;uawmh olonf tvGefaMumuf&GHUwwf
aom? rsuf&nfvG,faom oli,fuav;wpfa,muf NzpfcJhonf/
tazu tpfudkUudk&dkufawmhvnf; idk? tpfudku olUudk Mudrf;armif;
awmhvnf; idk? olUrsuf&nfrsm; tvGefvG,fulcJhonf/
]]tazu bmvdkUMumaewmvJ ar;vdkU igu .....}}
olUrsuf&nfaMumifhyJ xif\/ tpfudk olUudk rxkd;BudwfbJ csrf;
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tareSihfolUudk wHigtvkyfNzihf xrif;auR;cJhonf/ tazqHk;awmh olU
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tvkyfrSm uRrf;usifonf/ ig;&Sdrnfh ae&mudk ZmwdpdwfNzihf odonf/
ig;vl;ig;vJav;awG? &ifabmpmig;awGyg ygvmwwfonf/ xkdt
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wDNrpfNyifus,fMuD;udk cspfaeawmhonf/
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

tpfudkUtaMumif;udk taru &,fvsuf aNymzl;onf/

oaNywef; aNrmufacsmif;\xdyfrSm a&eHaNrrS pdrfhusvmaom
a&eHrsm;ukd olwumvdk tvkt,uf oGm;cyfwkef;u tpfudkonf &ef
Nzpfum 'Pf&m'PfcsufawG A&yGNzihf tdrfNyefa&mufvmzl;onf/
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aMumihf ol tenf;i,f qdk;cJhaMumif; 0efcHygonf/
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ukd ac:xm;vdkufaemf}}
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wD;xnhfypfvdkufr,f}}
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r[kwfonfudk ,ck olNyefowdxm;rdygonf/ ollUrSmawmh tpfud\
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tpfudku olUudk tJhonfvkd ac:wwf\/ okdUaomf xdkuyfzm;u
av;udkyif tpfukdu yif;bk&m;yGJawmfcsdefrSm EGm;vSnf;&kyfuav;awG?
Nrif;&kyfuav;awG 0,fay;cJhonf/ olwkdUnDtpfudk ESpfa,muf yif;
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

bk&m;ukd Nrpfurf;yg;vrf;twdkif; aNcvsifoGm;MuonfNzpf&m olu

anmif;onf[kidkvQif tpfudku xrf;ydk;cJh&\/
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bmrStoHk;uswJhuav; r[kwfbl;? vlaysmh}}
taruawmh ol\ eDusifusif qHyifuav;rsm;udk eufvm
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a&udk cspfcifpGm udkifwG,f csD;usL;cJhonf/
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'Pf av'Pf oufomwmaygh}}
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vmrSmwkef;}}
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wif;bl; raNymygeJU? toufBuD;vmawmh vkyfrSmaygh/ olUudk ynm
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tvkyfvkyf&if nDav; tvkyfvkyfp&m rvdkygbl;uG,f}}
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

tpfudku rsufapmif;BuD;wcJcJESihf olUtm; a'gowBuD;Munhf

vQif tpfudk olUudk tarh&ifcGifxJrSm qGJac:xdk;Budwfavrvm;[k
aMumufcJhrdonf/
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NyD; wpfoufvHk; vkyfauR;&awmhrSmaygh}}
okdUaomf olvnf; a&Trif;om;av; rNzpfvdkuf&/ tpfudkvnf;
a&Trif;om;av;udk wpfoufvHk; vkyfauR;zdkU 0#f'ku©rBuD;vdkufyg/
tpfudkonf ukd,fudk a&wpfydkif;pdrf? udk,ftxufydkif; aeyl'PfNzihf
tom;ta& uRwfusrwwf &SdcJh&mrS wpfnaeawmh tysif;zsm;NyD;
ief;zrf;um aoqHk;oGm;cJhonf/ tpfukdaoawmh tpfudkUtavmif;udk
aMumifaMumifBuD; ai;armum wkefvIyfxdwfvefUaecJhonf/tpfukdUudk
oem;rdonfhpdwfxuf tpfudkr&SdvQif ol b,fvdkqufvuf touf
&Sif&rvJ[k aMumuf&GHwkefvIyfpdwfu ydkrsm;ygonf/
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taru rsufESmokwfy0gav;Nzihf rsuf&nfwkdUvsuf &Idufikdawmh
rS olUrsuf&nfawG vdrfhqif;usoGm;onf/ xkdrsuf&nfrsm;uawmh
olUb0ol tm;i,fonfh rsuf&nfrsm; r[kwfcJh/ tpfukdUukd oem;
onfhrsuf&nfrsm; Nzpfonf/ xkdpOfuawmh aoqHk;oGm;wmudk oem;
cJhNcif; Nzpfvdrfhrnf xifonf/

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

tpfudkUudk anmifwkef;u oJaomifcHkwpfckrSm avSudk vGef;wif

zdkU Nyifqif&if; arG;zGm;cJhonf/ vGef;aomifrSm arG;cJhaomaMumihf xkd
umvu emrnfay;xHk;pHt& armifvGef;aomif ... [k emrnfay;cJh
onf/ xkd armifvGef;aomifonf arG;uwnf;u olUwpfedkifcGeftm;
uav;Nzihf tvkyfvkyfcJh&\/ tazaoawmh tarESifhol\ 0rf;a&;t
wGuf tvkyfvkyfcJh&\/ rsufeSmaumif;vn;f r&cJh/ olUb0onf
'ku©qif;&JNcif;rsm;? &kef;uefBudK;pm;&Ncif;rsm;om &SdcJhonf/ tpfudkU
udk olar;vdkU&vQif ,cktcg ar;csifonf/ [kdkwkef;u ar;zdkUrod
wwfcJhaom ar;cGef;uav;yg/
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urf;? onfbufurf;ul;aom ul;wkdUavSqdyfwGif vlac:ay;onfh
tvkyfudk vkyfcJhonf/
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ruRrf;/ aps;awmif;awG xrf;ydk;zdkUvnf; cGeftm; rBuD;cJhbJudk;/ okdU
aomf cGeftm;qkdonfrSm vkyf,lí&aomt&mygwum;[k ,ckrS ol
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

odawmhonf/ tpfudkonf iwfrGwfqif;&JNcif;udk aMumufí udk;ESpf

om;? q,fESpfom;t&G,fESifh rvkdufonfh cGeftm;udk arG;,lcJhNcif;
Nzpfonf/ ,cktcg tpfudkaNymonhf a&Trif;om;uav;onf xdk;0g;
wpfvSnhf? avSmfwufwpfvSnhf? BudK;wpfvSnhfxHk;&onfh avSxdk;om;
b0a&mufcJhNyD/ aEG&moD wygavSBuD;awGem;wwfonhftcg {&m0wD
Nrpf [dkbufurf;?onfbufurf;ul;onfh ul;wkdUavSrSm aemufvdkuf
avSorm; NzpfcJhNyD/
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taronf ydk;xdí aoqkH;eSihfcJhNyD/ tarhtavmi;fudk rNrifvdkuf&
aomaMumihf ,cktcsdeftxd tartouf&Sifaeao;oa,mifa,mif
xifwwfonf/ {&m0wDNrpfxJrSm a&csdK;MupOf taru a&xJrSmikyf
aeNyD; ol pdk;&drfwBuD; vSnhfywf&Smonfhtcsdef ....? ol idkcgeD;tcsdef
usrS olUa&SUem;rSm bGm;ceJay:vmNyD; &,farmonhftNzpfudk cPcP
owd&onf/ ,ckvnf; {&m0wDNrpfa&Nyif wpfae&m&mrSm tar
wdwfwqdwf a&ikyfaeNyD; olrarQmfvihfonhf wpfae&m&mrSm tar
wdwfwqdwf a&ikyfaeNyD; ol rarQmfvihfonfh tcsdefusrS bGm;ceJ
aNcmufvSefU&,farmvdkufavrvm;/ wpfcg wpfcg olonf uav;
b0wkef;uvdk tm;&yg;& atmfidkvdkufcsifonf/ tif;av ... ,ck
vnf; olonf uav;b0u vGefaNrmufzdkU tcsdefawG vdkygao;
onf/ touf 13ESpfqdkonfrSm uav;ygyJ/ avSay:rSm ti,fqHk;
avSxdk;om; Nzpfonf/

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

þ wygavSBuD;\ wufrudkifu tazholi,fcsif;[k aNymMu

onf/ xkdUaMumifhvnf; b,folrS rac:csifaom 13ESpft&G,fuav;
wpfa,mufudk aemufvdkuf0g; avSxdk;om;tNzpf ac:cJhNcif; Nzpf[ef
wlonf/ olonf tawGUtMuHKr&Sdao;olrkdU vlBuD;awG aNymorQ?
Niif;orQ? vkyforQ t&mtm;vHk;ukd vdkufrSwfae&onf/
vGefcJhonfh ESpf&ufu a&eHacsmif;? oaNywef;qdyfrSm avSolBuD;
eSihf vSnf;xdef; &efNzpfrvdk &kwf&kwfoJoJNzpfMu\/ avS0rf;xJu
tuefUawGrSm oHNzLyHk;eSihf o,fvmonfh a&eHawGudk avmif;avmif;
xnhfaeonfudk tuJcwf apmifhMunhf&if; avSolBuD;u ]a[h a[h?
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Nyefaxmifvkdu\ f / ol xkdtkyfpktem;okdU wkd;uyfoGm;csdefwGif avSol
BuD;u qlylaeNyD Nzpfonf/
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oGm;vJ? rif;wkdU vSnf;xdef;udkac:prf;? AsdKU ... OD;vlav;}}
a&eHyHk;awGrSm &GHUEGHUawGygvmvdkU avSolBuD;u qlylNcif;Nzpfonf
vSnf;xdef;[kac:onfh a&eHyGJpm;u &,f&,farmarmNzihf olUtNypfr
[kwfaMumi;f? a&eHudku odyfrpifwm NzpfekdifaMumif;? wpfcgwpf&HrS
NzpfwwfaMumif; &Sif;Nyonf/ avSolBuD;twGufusawmhvnf; a&eH
oefUpifrS aps;aumif;&rnfNzpfí &THUawG? EGHawGudkNrifvQif aemufxyf
csrnhf a&eHawGudkyg rsufvHk;a'gufaxmufí Munhfawmhonf/

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

a& odkUr[kwf &THUrsm;onf a&eHwGif;xJrSmudku ygvmovm;?

vSnf;xdef;xHa&mufrS ygvmovm; olrodedkifay/ okdUaomf þokdU
Nzpfwwfonf[kawmh olrSwfom;zdkU vdkonf/
a& okdUr[kwf &THUEGHygvmvQif xkda&eHyHk;udk oGefae&mrSNyefaxmif
,lvdkuf&\/ xkdUaemuf yHk;udk aZmufxdk;xm;Ny&onf/ a&eHonf a&
ESihf &THUwkdU\ txufrSm tNrJ&SdaeoNzihf aZmufxdk;csvdkufaomtcg EGH
rsm;? &THUrsm;onfom Nrpfa&xJokdU ygoGm;NyD; wNznf;Nznf;ppfoGm;
vQif EGHawGukefoGm;um a&eHcsnf;oufoufusef\/ xdka&eHyHk;udk a&
eHoufoufNzihf NynhfoGm;atmif vSnf;orm;u Nznhfay;&onf/ avS
0rf;xJu tuefUawGxJokdU a&eHrsm; NynfhoGm;NyDqkdvQifvnf; a&eH
rsufeSmNyif xkxnf\ atmufrSm a&awGygaewwfao;aomaMumihf
pdwfcs&atmif avS0rf;atmufaNcrS ydkufvHk;Nzihf a&ydkufzGifhovdkyif
wHkuifNzihf pkyfxkwfypf&onf/ þtvkyfrsm;onf olvkyf&onhf
tvkyfNzpfonf/
a&eHawG avSay:rSmoGefcsNyD;aemuf yHk;cGHoufoufrsm;Nzihf Nrpf
qdyfrSNyefoGm;aom vSnf;wef;BuD;rsm;? urf;em;NrpfqdyfqDodkU a&eHyHk;
awGNzihf qif;vmaom vSnf;wef;BuD;rsm;? avStqif;twuf c&D;
onfrsm;? ukefxrf;orm;rsm;? aps;onfrsm;eSihf avSorm;rsm;? þ&I
cif;onf taz wufrudkifb0? ol uav;b0t&G,fuwnf;u
b,fawmhrS r&dk;ekdifonfhNrifuGif;Nzpfonf/ avSay:wGif avSxkd;om;
tpHkNzihf ewfwifylaZmfyoNyD;aemuf avSxGufvmaom tcgrSmawmh
{&m0wDNrpfNyif\ &Icif;udk ol wpf0BuD; MunhfNrif&onf/
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

teD;tyg; Nzwfoef;oGm;aom avSBuD;avSi,frsm;udk rdr\ d

todtuRrf;vdkyif vufNyEIwfquf&wm aysmfp&maumif;onf/
atmifvHqdyfurf;? o&ufqdyfurf;wdkUwGif wpfcgwpf&H a&eHcsa&mif;
onfh Nrpfurf;yg;ay:u tysdKuav;awG olUudk uGufMunhfuGuf
Munhv
f kyfvQif ol &Sufvnf;&Suf? aysmfvnf; aysmf\/
]][aumifav; ... eifhemrnf b,folwkef;vdkU urf;yg;ay:u
vSrf;ar;aew,f}}
avSxdk;om;BuD;wpfa,mufu NAKef;ceJ olUausmudk ykwfNyD;
twnfayguf paemufwkef;u ol wu,fxifrSwfoGm;\/ yg;Nyif
wpfzufrSm aysmhEGJUpGm 0Jusaeonhf qHyifrsm;ukd qwfceJarmhí cgypf
&if; urf;ay:odkU cyf&Sef;&Sef;wpfcsufMunhfum ][oFmyg} [k aNzqkd
vkduf\/ xkdtcg tysdKrrsm;onf 0g;ceJ atmf&,favonf/
]]tr,f ... olUvJ rar;bJeJUa[h}}
olonf &Suf&rf;&rf;um avSxkd;om;BuD;\ vufarmi;fudk
vufoD;Nzihf oHk;av;csufxdk;um wufrpifatmufokdU uysmuoD
aNy;0ifoGm;cJh&avonf/
olonf xdktNzpfudk NyefawG;MunhfvQif ,ckwkdif rsufESmylaEG;
vmum NyHK;rdqJ Nzpf\/
tcsdefonf wNzn;fNznf; ukefqHk;oGm;&m NrefatmifodkUa&muf
csdefwGif rdk;csKyfaeNyD Nzpfonf/ apmapmu rsufeSmudk Murf;wrf;pGm
wnfhwnhfNzwfwkd;aeaom avonf ,cktcg NidrfoufoGm;avonf
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

NrdKUywf0ef;usifonf opfyiftkyfrsm; xlxyfum pdrf;pdkaoma'o Nzpf

onf/
olonf þavSay:wGif xrif;csuftvkyf? a&o,ftvkyfwkdUudk
xkd;0g;xkd;onfh tvkyfxufydkí vkyf&onf/ avSBuD;udk 0g;xkd;&m
wGif a&eufxJodkU 0g;pdkufí NyefEkwf&onfNzpf&m xkd0g;vHk;BuD;udk
ol rekdifhwekdifNzpfaeaomaMumifh olUtazmfawGuom t"du vkyf
\/ a&xJokdU 0g;vHk;eSihftwl ol NyKwfursnhftEÅ&m,fudk olwkdUMudK
Nrif[ef &Sdonf/
]]a&&Guf &kyfr,fa[h ...}}
wufrudkifonf þae&mrSm em;rnf[k qHk;NzwfvdkufNcif; Nzpf
onf/ a&G&Guf&kyfNyD;vQif urf;em;odkU yJhudkifoGm;NyD; aNrNyifrSm 0g;vHk;
xkd;pdkufum BudK;uGif;pGyfí avSt&Sdef owf&rnfNzpfonf/
a&&Guf&kyfonfhtvkyfudkawmh ol uRrf;usifNyD/ a&&Guf&kyfonfh
tcg atmufBudK;udk t&ifavQmh&\/ txufBudK;ESpfacsmif;wif;NyD;
atmufBudK;eSpfacsmif; avQmhvdkufonfhtcg a&&Gufonf a&xJrS x&H
Nym;BuD;oufouf NzpfoGm;\/ xkdtcg xkdx&HNym;BuD;udk avSay:odkU
qGJwif&avonf/
]]bm[if;vJ orD;av;&? apmapmuawmh yJ[if;eHU arT;o[}}
acgif0g;BuD; OD;BuD;vSonf olUtm; rdef;uav;eSihf wlvkdUqkdNyD;
orD; ... orD;ESihf &Sufatmif ac:wwf\/
]][kwfw,f OD;BuD;? yJ[if;}}
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

]]wNrefaeUu Muufom;[if;av; vGrf;ouGm}}

olU qHyifaysmhrsm;udk cyfMurf;Murf; qGJqkyf&if;u OD;BuD;vS
nnf;onf/ olonf qHyifrsm; emusifvSaomfvnf; emaMumif;
raNym0Hhacs/ OD;BuD;vSonf a[ ... emovm;[k wkd;NyD; qGJvdrfrSmpdk;
aomaMumifh Nzpfonf/
]]rif;u igwkdUtazrsm; vufxufudk tm;usvdkU aoQmifxHk;xm;
rvdkUxifw,f/ [dkwkef;uawmh a,muFsm;awG&JU cGeftm;eJU usufo
a&[m aoQmifxHk;rSm &dSowJhuG/ igawmh pdwfr&SnfaygifuGm? b,fh
ES,f 'DqHyifyJ oae&awmhrSmvm;}}
]]udkif; urf;uyfzdkU vkyfawmha[h}}
olonf tzsm;cRef0g;eSihf BudK;uGif;udk,lvsuf avSay:rSckefqif;
vkduf&onf/ avSMuD;onf t&SdefNzihf oGm;aeonfNzpf&m olU0g;cRef
Nzihf aNrBuD;udk axmufvkdufNyD;aemuf avSESihf BudK;ptMum;rSm vl
a&mufraeatmif tNrefaemufqkwfvdkuf&\/ þ0g; aNrBuD;rSm ckid f
rmpGm pdkufaezdkUawmh olUtouf&SifoefzdkUvdkyif ta&;BuD;onf/ reD
vm tkef;qHMudK; yGwfqGJoGm;onfh olUvufz0g;rSm aoG;csif;csif;eDcJh
zl;NyD r[kwfvm;/

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

(2)

pOfhtdk;azmifrsm;ESifh 0g;azmifrsm;tMum;rS ul;wkdUavSuav;

onf ukeftNynhfESifh pwifxGufcGmawmhrnf/ aEG&moDNrpfaMumif;
onf rdk;&moDNrpfaMumif;vdk rus,fNyefUacs/ Al;uRef;? z&JuRef;? usrf;
udkifuRef; aomifcHrsm;onf Nrifharmufum tpDt&D wpfwef;BuD;ay:
vmonf/ xkdaomifcHkrsm;ESihf a&eHacsmif;tMum; a&vufMum;uav;
wGif Nzpfatmif oGm;vmaeMuaom ta&SUbuf urf;pyfoGm; ul;wkdU
avSuav;rsm;udk vSrf;Nrifae&onf/ {&m0wDonf NidrfoufpGmpD;
onfqkd&Hkuav; pD;awmhonf/
[oFmwdkU avSuawmh .... oHudkif;&GmESihf a&eHacsmif;udk Nrpf[dk
buf onfbuf ul;aomavSNzpfí Nrpfrus,fBuD;xJrSm oGm;aom
avSNzpfavonf/
Nrpfurf; oJaomifcHkay:rSm xkd;0g;Nzihf wGef;uefí avSudk xGuf
vkdufonf/ urf;yg;wpfavQmuf xdk;0g; av;ig;Nyef xkd;NyD;aomtcg
avSonf wa&GUa&GU pwifxGufcGmavonf/ olonf tawGUtMuHK
enf;ao;olNzpfí avSOD;rSm cwfwufudk cwf&onf/ udkBuD;tyku
awmh wufrudkif&rnfhol Nzpfí yJyh dkif;u cwfwufudk udkif&onf/

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

]]orD; ... aeylvm;? xD;uav; aqmif;av}}

trsdK;orD;BuD;ESpfa,mufteuf wpfa,mufu xD;wpfacsmif;
zGihfay;&ef [efNyifawmh tysdKaygufruav;onf acgif;wpfcsuf
,rf;cgvdkufNyD; avSeH&Hudk NrJNrJqkyfudkifxm;av\/ [oFmonf tysKd
aygufruav;ESihf rsufeSmcsif;qkdif Nzpfonf/ aumifrav;\ rsuf
vHk;rS aMumuf&HG&dyfrsm;udk [oFmowdxm;rd\/ awmfawmfvSwJh rsuf
vHk;awG .../
]]b,favmuf Mumatmif oGm;&rSmvJ[if ... BuD;ar}}
]]em&D0uf wpfem&DygyJ orD;&,f? bmvdkUvJ ... aMumufvm;}}
]][ifhtif; ... aMumufygbl;}}
aMumufygbl;[k aNymvkdufaom aumifrav;\ rsufvHk;rSm
aMumuf&GHUrIrsm;udk awGU&aomtcg [oFmwpfcsuf NyHK;vdkufrdonf/
aumifrav;onf olUudk wnfhwnfhpdkufMunhf\/ ol vefUoGm;um
rsufESmvTJypfvkduf&onf/ tJonfavmuf pl;&Saom rsufvHk;rsdK;udk
tpfudkUxHrSm olawGUcJHzl;onf/ aemufxyf rawGU&onfrSm MumvSNyD/
,cktMudrfonf þrsufvHk;rsdK; 'kwd,tMudrf Nrifzl;Ncif;Nzpfonf/
ol rsufESmvTJvkdufaomtcg trsdK;oHk;a,muf\ aowÅm? Oif
NzL;zsm? tkd;cGufyef;uef 0efpnfpvS,frsm;xH tMunhfa&mufoGm;
onf/ olwkdU tdrfaNymif;a&TUvmMuNcif; Nzpfrnf/
]]'geJU apmapmu pum;NywfoGm;w,f? rrar OD;av;udk bm
NyefaNymvdkufvJ[if}}
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

trsdK;orD; cyfndknkduar;awmh NzLNzL&Snf&Snf trsdK;orD;u

wpfcsuf&,f\/
]]tkd ... cifrif;wpfouf b,fawmhrS a,muFsm;r,lbl; ... vdkU
aNymvdkufwmaygh aiGtdrf&JU? tvum;yg ... azazu rr r[kwfr
[yfvleJU &oGm;rSmpdk;vdkU olUa&eHwGif;awGukd okdufwl;csifwJhvlawGU
oGm;rSmpdk;vdkU tumtuG,fvkyfcsifwm/ ,lcsifygbl;uG,f .... tJ'Dvl
u wGif;pm;om;om qkdw,f/ q,fwef;atmif ratmifbl;? aemuf
NyD; vludkvJ pm;awmh0g;awmhrwwfbJ Munhfvdkuf irf;vdkufwm vGef
a&m}}
trsdK;orD;oHk;a,muf oabmuspGm &,fvkdufMuonf/
]]tpfudkod&if oabmwlrSmvm; rodbl;}}
]]wlrSm r[kwfygbl;? tif; ... 'gayr,hf rrudk ESaNrmvdkUawmh
[kwfrSmr[kwfbl;? olUrdef;rvufxJ a&eHwGif;awG tukefa&mufoGm;
atmifvdkU .../ rra,muFsm;,l&if tJ'Da&eHwGif;awG wpf0ufudk rreJU
rra,muFSm;eJU ,lrSmrkdUvm; aiGtdrf&JU ...? rr tysdKBuD;Nzpfawmh wif
wifat;u olxdef;odrf;xm;r,fqkdNyD; rD;cHaowÅmaomh udkifovdk
udkifxm;csifxm;rSm .... }}
trsdK;orD;rsm;onf csrf;omonhf a&eHwGif;olaX;rsm; NzpfyHk&
onf/ [oFm a&eHwGif;awGbuf a&mufzl;onf/ aNrBuD;xJu tv
um;&aom a&eHrsm;udk aNruefxJokdU avmif;xnhfaeMuwm aysmfp
&mBuD;Nzpf\/
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

]]aiGtdrf&,f ... rrav pdwfyJ csrf;omcsifw,f? avbouúm,

vJ r&Sdygbl;? ypönf;qkdwm xkdufrS pH&wmyg[,f/ ararqkd Munhfyg
vm; .. tapmBuD; aooGm;&wm}}
avonf a0hía0hí wdkufcwfvmonf/ avSonf wNznf;Nznf;
NrpfNyifus,fxJodkU a&mufvm\/ tqefc&D; NzpfoNzihf udkBuD;yku
a&pD;aMumif;omonfh ae&mokdU a&TUí yJhudkifoGm;onf/
]][oFm ... cPae&if avxefawmhr,fa[h? &GufzGihfawmh}}
OD;rSm xdkifae&mrS ol zswfceJ x&yfvdkufonf/ &Gufwkdifpdkuf&ef
avStv,faumifwGif opfom;wef;ckdifckdif&dkufxm;NyD; opfom;wef;
rSm &GufwkdifoGif;&ef taygufyg\/ avSeH&HwGif vdyfxm;aom &Guf
wkdifESihf &Gufvdyfudk ol ,lvkdufonf/ olUt&yf ESpfNyef oHk;Nyefpm&Sd
onfh 0g;ydk;wkdifBuD;rSm av;vHv\ S /
]]tpfr ... aemufbufenf;enf; wkd;xkdifyg/ uRefawmf &Gufwkdif
pdkufcsifvdkU}}
opfom;wef;ay:xkdifaeonfh aumifrav;udk ol cyfwkd;wdk;
aNymvdkufawmh aumifrav;u olUudk wpfcsuf rsufarSmifwGefUMunfh
um uref;uwef;z,fay;onf/ olonf cGeftm;pdkufí wkdifBuD;
atmufaNcxdyfzsm;udk opfom;aygufxJ pGyfcsvdkufonf/ avSonf
tenf;i,f ,drf;xkd;oGm;\/ ol aNcvSrf;usJusJ &yfxm;oNzihf bmrS
£aNE´rysufaomfvnf; xkdifaeonhf aumifrav;xHrS tarh[laom
tmar #dwfoHav; xGufvm\/
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

]][Jh .... oli,fav;awG eifwkdUavSudkif uRrf;usif&JUvm;[,f}}

udkBuD;yku &,fonf/
]]raMumufygeJU tpfrBuD;&JU? uRefawmf oHudkif; a&eHacsmif;
ul;wkdU vdkufvmwm ESpfawG renf;awmhygbl;? tckvdk&moDraNymeJU?
0gqkd? 0gacgif vdIif;vHk;awGMum;xJawmif uRefawmhfavS bmrSrNzpf&
bl;? 'DavSu BuD;ygw,f}}
&GufBudK;udk pufoD;Nzihf qGJwifvdkufaomtcg ig;pyfapmift
NyefUESpfck qufxm;aom {&mrav&GufBuD;onf avt&SdefNzihf NAKef;c
eJ yGifhoGm;awmhonf/ &GufBudK;rsm;udk olonf opfpom;wkdifuav;
rSm csnfxm;vdkuf\/
]]at;[Jh 'Duav;uvJ awmfawmfoGufwm?rif;touf b,fESpf
ESpf&SdNyDvJ}}
]]q,hfoHk;eSpfyg}}
]]tkd ... orD;xufawmif i,fao;wmyJ}}
tom;ndkndk trsdK;orD;BuD;u olUudk cifrif[efNzihf NyHK;Munhfae
onf/
]]emrnfav;u bmwJh? [oFm ... [kwfvm;}}
]][kwfuJh}}
]]tqef;yJaemf rrar}}

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

trsdK;orD;BuD;\ rsufvHk;awG[m tarhrsufvHk;awGeJU wlvdkuf

wm/ olonf tarhudk owd&oGm;onf/
]]tJ'DaumifudkarG;awmh olwkdU avSab;u aomifcHkrSm [oFm
awG trsm;BuD;wJhAs? tJ'geJUyJ 'Daumifhemrnf [oFmNzpfaewmyJ}}
olUtaMumif; udkBuD;yku &,f&,farmarm aNymNyawmh ol &Suf
aeonf/
]]aMomf ... [kwfvm;? aeUoihfeHoihf rSnfhwJhemrnf r[kwfbl;
aygh? 'gNzihf om; bmaeUom;vJuGJU}}
ol qGHtoGm;onf/ ol bmaeUom;vJ taru aNymNyroGm;bl;
[k xifonf/
]]rodygbl; BuD;BuD;}}
]]a[ ....}}
aumifrav;u cpfeJ &,fawmh ol enf;enf;pdwfwkdoGm;\/
0rf;vnf; enf;oGm;onf/
]]rif;taru aNymNyrxm;bl;vm;}}
]]taru aoNyD? tazvJ aoNyD? olwkdU bmrS raNymoGm;bl;}}
olUb0wGif wpfcgrS b,folurQ olU arG;aeUarG;eHudk rar;zl;
aMumif; ,ckrS owdxm;rdonf/ aemufwpfcgqkdvQifawmh aeUckepf
aeUxJu MudKuf&mudk aNzzdkU oifcef;pm &oGm;NyD/

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

]]uRwf .... uRwf NzpfrS Nzpf&av ..? 'gNzihf om;tck b,foleJU

aevJ}}
]]avSawGay:rSmyJ/ oHudkif;qdyfrSmyg}}
olonf aumifrav;\ xl;qef;aomtMunhfudk owdxm;rd
onf/ oem;aom tMunhfrsdK;r[kwf? uJh&JU&Iwfcsaom tMunhfvnf;
r[kwf? tHhMoonfh tMunfvm;? 'grSr[kwf oabmusonfhtMunhf
vm;/ aumifrav;\ qHyift&Snfrsm;onf avtvsifNzihf wzsyf
zsyf vGihfygaeonf/ qHyifrsm;onf rsufeSm [dkbufonfbuf 0JysH
vQuf&S\ d / aumifrav;u qHyifrsm;udk vufNzihf pkodrf;vkduf&if;
NrpfNyifqDodkU rsufESmvTJoGm;onf/ ysOfcsyfay:wGif 'l;auG;í MuHKUMuHKU
xkdifaeNcif;Nzpf&m *g0ef&SnfatmufrS NzL0if;aom aNccsif;0wfESihf aNc
zrdk;rsm;udkom Nrif&\/
avSyJhydkif;odkUoGm;&ef aNcvSrf;NyifvdkufpOfrSmyif aumifrav;\
tvefUwMum; owday;oH ay:vm\/
]]a&awG ... a&awG avSxJudk a&awG0ifukefNyD}}
]]tJawmf .... [kwfygh? trsm;BuD;ygvm;}}
trsdK;orD;tkyfonf wpfcgrS avSpD;zl;[ef rwlyg/ wu,fawmh
avS0rf;xJrSm a&odyfrrsm;vSao;yg/ ol enf;enf;NyHK;í udkBuD;yktm;
vSrf;Munhfonf/ udkBuD;yku acgif;ndwfNy\/
]]cyfxkwfuGm ... avt&Sdefaumif;aewmyJ? avSmfwufrvdkyg
bl;}}
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

olonf avS0rf;xJ qif;vdkufNyD; aumifrav;\ atmufbuf

qDwGif 'l;wkyfí xkdifvdkuf\/ cyfapmufapmuf oHZvHktaygufwpf
vHk;Nzihf avS0rf;xJrS a&awGudk cyf,lNyD; NrpfxJyufcsaeonf/
]]at;atmifeJU &G,fwlyJaemf orD;}}
aumifrav;u t*FvdyfbmomNzihf wpfcGef; eSpfcGef; NyefaNym
vdkuf\/ olUtaMumif;aNymwm Nzpfrnf/ okdUaomf 0rf;enf;p&m
aumif;onfu olonf t*Fvdyfpum;udk em;rvnfay/ olonf
aumifrav;ukd armhMunhfvkdu\ f / rarQmfvihfpGmyif aumifrav;u
NyHK;Nyonf/ ol aysmf&TifoGm;avonf/
]]'Dr,f ... igaiG&SmekdifwJh t&G,fus&if eihfudk igarG;pm;r,f od
vm; aumifav;}}
aumifrav;\ tMunhfwGif &if;eSD;cspfcif[ef ygonf/ olwpf
csuf &,fvdkufr\
d /
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aumifrav;u &kwfw&ufr&,fbJ trsdK;orD;ESpfa,mufbuf
vSnhfMunhfNyD;rS olU[moudk oabmaygufoGm;\/
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ay;}}
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

csnfxm;aom BudK;udk NzKwf,lvsuf &Gufudk odrf;&Nyefonf/ xkdtcg

olonf a&qefavqefwGif avSmfwufudk MuHK;í cwf&oNzihf pum;
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

tpfudkonf ,ckvdk ol tm;oGefcGefpdkufí tvkyfvkyfaeonfudk Nrif

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rsm;ü ypönf;csolu cs? wpfa,mufESihf wpfa,muf vSrf;ac:aNymol
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

u aNym pnfum;odkufNrdKufv\ S / urf;yg;pGef;onf aEG&moDNzpfí

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

ausmufwHk;awGrsm; xnhfvmovm;/ olUrsufeSm &IHUrJhoGm;onfudk

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

olUrsufeSm &Sdef;ceJ ylaEG;oGM;onf/ pdwfxJu Budwfí udkBuD;yk

udk qJypfvdku\f /
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

]]at; at; ... rif;wkdUavSeJU BuHKcsifMuHKrSmayhguG,f? igu

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

]]tJ ....}}
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

(3)

þa'oudk a*gwr NrwfpGmbk&m;&Sif vufxufu okemy&EÅ

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'Dvdkawmhvnf; t*Fvdyf[m awmfygao;vm;? olUaus;Zl;aMumihf 'D
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

e,fwpfcGifrSm at;csrf;om,m&w,f? qefa&pyg; aygrsm;&w,f[k

a&&GwfcJhzl;\/ xkdtcg tdrfpdk;aru ararhtm; oem;MuifempGm &Sif;
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

]]tJ'Dawmh .... bmNzpfvJqkdawmh NrefrmekdifiHrSm v,fvkyfwJhol

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

pm;oGm;\/ 1300 Nynfhta&;awmfyHkwkef;u ausmif;om;oydwft

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

atmifyif ay;qyf&onfh t&if;teSD;awGu wpfb0pm .../ 'gudk az

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&xm;wyfNyD; oGm;Murvm;}}
tdrfpkd;ar\ tNyHK;rSm &ifhusufaom trsdK;orD;wpfa,muf\
tNyHK;Nzpfonf/
]]'De,faNrrSm orD;ukd b,fa,muFsm;av;rS rp&Jygbl; arar&JU
tdrfh usmyGwfpm rdoGm;rSmaygh}}
tdrfpdk;aronf Nrif;pD;vQifaomf vnf;aumif;? Nrif;vSnf;armif;
vQifaomfvn;faumif; usmyGwfudk tNrJaqmifxm;avh &Sdonf/
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

]]r[kwfbl;? tJ'D a,muFsm;av;awGudk pdk;&drfwmrsdK; r[kwfyg

bl;}}
]]'gNzihf ..... }}
tdrfpkd;aru rsufcHk;yifhí NyHK;ppeSihf Munh\
f /
]]orD; ...ekdifiHtaNctae odyfraummif;bl;aemf? &efukefrSm tpdk;
&ydkif;u &kwf&kwf &kwf&kwf NzpfaeMuw,fwJh/ rrar&JU pmxJrSmyg
w,f/t*FvdyfawG[m ekdifiHa&;orm;awGudk oJBuD;rJBuD;zrf;aew,f}}
tdrfpdk;aronf Nrif;udk ukefeSD;eSihf aNceif;uGif; wyfqif&if; NyHHK;
Nyef\/
]]orD; bmrSrvkyfygbl; arar? csnfcsifawG,lNyD;&if csufcsif;
NyefvmrSmyg}}
tdrfpkd;ar\ aemufausmrSm vG,fvm;aom csnftdwfxJwGif
bmygovJ .... qkdwm rdrdppfaq;MunhfvkdufzdkU aumif;onf[k orD;
xGufoGm;rS raiGtdrf owd&onf/ a,muFsm;av;wpfa,mufvdkyif
Nrif;pD;xGuo f Gm;aom orD;udk cyfrIefrIef Nrif&onftxd vSrf;Munhf
ae&if;u rrar\ pum;wpfcGef;udk Mum;a,mifrdum NyHK;vkdufrdav
onf/
]]aiGtdrf ... nnf;u tteJU? nnf;orD;u vnfvnfeJU nnf;
awmh b,faeU ta&mif;pm;cH&rvJ rodbl;}}

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

tdrfpdk;aronf a*GU&GmodkU a&mufaomtcg csnfcifawG oGm;,l&

rnfhtdrfokdU t&ifroGm;bJ &Gmv,fu csdK;a&wGif; tBuD;BuD;teD;&Sd
aNcwH&Snftdrfuav;qDokdU t&ifoGm;\/ Nrif;ay:rS qif;vkdufaom
&Sr;fabmif;bDeSihf rdef;uav;udk tdrfatmufrS Nrif;pmpOf;aeaom vl
i,fu vSrf;MunhfvkdufNyD; NAKef;ceJxvmavonf/ udk,ftxufydkif;
AvmeSihf yqkd;wkdwdkudk cg;rSmpnf;xm;aom vli,fudk tdrfu rNyHK;r
&,f Munhf\/
]][m rtdrfpdk; ... vm vm? pmapmifawG a&mufvmNyDvm;}}
avoHu cyfwkd;wkd; Nzihf ar;awmh tdrfpdk;aru olUvG,ftdwfxJ
rS ArmhawmfvSefrIpmapmif pm&Gufacgufwpfxyfudk xkyfay;vdkuf
onf/
]]eSpfpHkyJ ygvmw,f? wpfpHkudk 'DrSmxm;cJhr,f? wpfpHkudkawmh
zvHawmbuf oGm;ydkUvdkufr,f}}
]]aumif;NyD aumif;NyD? aMomf ... 'geJU raeUu rkef;qdyfrSm yGifhNzL
bufu ykvdyfwpfa,muf a,mifvnfvnf vkyfaew,f? rtdrfpdk;
owdxm;aemf}}
]][kwfuJh? aus;Zl;yJ}}
csnfcifudk ,lNyD;onhftcg rkef;usif;bufodkU xGufvm&if; 'D
Nrif;udk pD;vmcJhrdwm rSm;NyD .. [k odvkdu\
f / &Srf;abmif;bDuyxr
trSm;? 'kwd,trSm;u Nrif;/ wu,fawmh tdrfpkd;aronf zvHawm
eSihf ukef;apmif; aps;a&mif;NyefvmMuonhf t&yfolrsm;vdk xbDwkdwdk
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

eSihf acgif;aygif;aygif;cJhzdkU aumif;onf/ ,ckaomf rdrdtoGifonf

ykvdyfrsm; rufpdpyg;arG; pl;p&m ..../
,ckrSawmh aemufNyefvSnhfí rNzpfawmhay/
uHaumif;axmufrpGm rkef;usif;onf vl&Sif;ae\/ ul;wkdUapmifh
aeMuaom tbGm;BuD; oHk;av;a,mufrS wpfyg; tNcm; b,folrS
r&Sd/ Nrifhrm;aom aNymif;cif;rsm;onf vloGm;vrf; [dkbuf onf
buf pdrf;vJhaeavonf/ tif; ... 'DNrif;eJU aNymif;cif;eJUawmh awmf
awmfudk tqifaNyaewmyJ/
tdrfpdk;aronf Nrif;udk rkef;urf;yg; oJNyiftxdpD;oGm;&\/ rkef;
qdyf cyfvSrf;vSrf;u a&NzihfarsmygcJhNyD; wifaeyHk&aom opfwHk;BuD;
wGif ZufBudK;udk csnfaESmifxm;vdkufonf/ Nrif;\ vnfqHarT;udk
omomuav; yGwfoyfvdkufNyD; wD;wdk;acsmharmhvdkufonf/
]]ndkr ... aumif;aumif;aecJhaemf orD;}}
ul;wkdUqdyf oJNyifwGif tbGm;BuD;rsm;teD;rSm olr 0ifíxkdif
vdkufzdkU NyifqifrSmyif zvHawmbufurf;qDrS ul;wkdUavSonf vl
odyfrygbJ onfbufurf;okdU a&mufvm\/ ulwkdUavS cyfi,fi,f
yJ Nzpfonf/ avSorm;wpfa,mufESihf c&D;on fig;a,mufom yg\
c&D;onfrsm; qif;vmcsdefwGif avSorm;uav;onf onfbufokdU
vSrf;Munhfvdkufonf/ vlav;a,mufwnf;qkdawmh en;fenf;pdwf
ysufoGm;yHk/ odkUaomf tdk ... tJonfqHyifrsdK;? tJonf rsufeSmrsdK;
tdrf Nrifzl;ygonf/ tbGm;BuD;rsm;ESihftwl avSay:okdU wuf&efNyif
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

vkdufaomtcg vli,fuav;u wtHhwMo ai;Munhf awGa0ae&mrS

cifrif&if;eSD;[efNzihf NyHK;Ny\/ ol NyHK;vkdufaomtcgrSm yef;eka&mif
EIwfcrf;vHk;vHk;uav; aNyavsmoGm;NyD; &Da0aom rsufvHk;rsm; arS;
pif;oGm;\/ xkdtcsdefrSmawmh onfuav;udk tdrf rSwfrdoGm;NyD/
oHudkif; ul;wkdUqdyfudk ydkUay;cJhaom iSufemrnfESihf uav;/
]]rif;u 'Dbufa&mufaewmvm;}}
aumifav;onf [dkwkef;uxuf enf;enf;&J&ifhvmyHk&onf/
]][kwfw,f tpfr? ay; ay; ... tJ'Dtdwf uRefawmfudkifxm;ay;
r,f ... wuf}}
]]tm ... &w,f? 'Dtdwfu csnfcifawGyJygwm? aeygap}}
þtdwfudk rdrdrSwpfyg; rnfolrQ rudkifapvdkyg/
]]tpfr tom; enf;enf;ndkoGm;w,faemf}}
tdrfpdk;ar NyHK;aeonf/ bmrS pum;rNyefyg/
]]tpfr ... oHudkif;qdyfrSm uRefawmhfukd ar;cJhwJh ar;cGef;awG
uRefawmf aNzedifNyDtpfr? xyfar;OD;rvm;[if}}
olu 0g;vHk;Nzihf xkd;oGm;Nzihf NrpftxufbufodkU avSudk qef
oGm;\/
]]rif; t&ifu tJavmufpum;rsm;rsm; raNymygbl;? tck rif;
awmfawmf aNymif;vJaewmyJ}}
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

cyfwnfwnf rsufeSmay;ESihf pl;&SpGm wpfcsufMunhfNyD; aumuf

csufcsvdkufaomtcg aumifav;rsufeSmysufoGm;onf/ xkd;0g;udk iHkU
pdkufMunhfvsuf csufcsif; toHwdwfqdwfoGm;aom uav;udk tuJ
cwf&if; 'Duav; atmifhoufouf NzpfoGm;wmvm; ...? pdwfaumuf
oGm;wmvm;[k a0cGJr& Nzpfae\/ txufydkif; a&mufaomtcg
aumifav;onf yJhydkif;rSm rwfwwf&yfvsuf wufrudk xdef;udkifum
avSudk rkef;Nrpftm; uefUvefUNzwf Nzpfatmif yJhudkifvdkufonf/ olU
rsufvHk;rsm; enf;enf;rSdefazsmhoGm;wmawmh aocsmonf/ avSay:u
vlawGudkvnf; rMunhfbJ zvHawm urf;yg;bufodkU rsufawmifr
cwfbJ vSrf;Munhf&if; a&pD;eSihf avStaetxm;udk csihfcsdefaeyHk&
onf/
ycHk;xdatmif &Snfvsm;aom eDndka&mifqHyifaysmhaysmhrsm;onf
avNzihf wzsyfzsyfvGifhvsuf aemufvdkU vefvsuf&Sd&m us,fNyefUaom
ezl;Nyif\ txufydkif;rSm tom;ta&onf aeeSifha0;í NzL0if;ae
onfudk awGU&onf/ a,muFsm;uav;wpfa,muftwGuf tenf;
i,f yg;vsaom rsufcHk;wdkUonf ESma&mifxdyfrSm qufvkqufcif
Nzpfae\/ olUrsufvHk;rsm;ndkvJhí &Da0aeonfrSm e*dktwkdif;Nzpfav
rvm;/ tHhMop&mu olUrsufawmiftrsm;onfvnf; trnf;a&mif
r[kwf? tndkekekrsufawmifrsm;udk tdrfhwpfoufrSm wpfcgyJ awGUzl;
\/
avSonf urf;yg;teD;u a&0Jcyfi,fi,fukd oufoufomom
yif NzwfausmfoGm;NyD; anmifyifBuD;atmufrSm urf;uyfvdkufonf/
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

avSul;wdkUctNzpf tbGm;BuD;rsm;u rl;aphrsm; xkwfay;onfudk

ol tom,lvdkuf\/ tdrfpkd;aronf vG,ftdwfxJrS aiGta<uaph
wpfaphudk xkwfNyD; olUudk ay;vkdufonf/ olonf tdrfpkd;ar\ rsuf
eSmudk vHk;0armhrMunhfbJ tdrfpkd;ar\ vufndk;eSihf vufrMum;u
ta<uaphuav;udkom iHkUMunhfvsuf acgif;,rf;onf/
]]aeygap tpfr? ray;&ygbl;}}
xkdpum;oHt& tdrfpkd;ar\ aiGonf olUudk awmfawmfav; t
aeSmifht,Sufay;vkdufonf[k ,lq&onf/ tdrfpdk;aronf xdkpum;
oHaMumihf olU ykqkd;pxJodkU ydkufqHudk ypfxnhfay;vkdu\
f /
]],lavuGm ... avSorm;qkdwm avScudkr,l&if bmeJU xrif;
pm;rvJ}}
ol qwfceJ armhMunhfonf/
olUrsufvHk;rsm;rSm rsuf&nfa0haewmvm;/ r[kwfekdifygbl;? olU
rsufvHk;rsm;onf [kdwpfeSpfuwnf;u onfvdkyif cyf&Da0a0ygyJ/
okdUaomfrsufvHk;rsm;wGif odrfi,frI t&dyfta,mifrsm;udkawmh tdrfpdk;
ar taotcsm owdxm;vdkufrdonf/ tdrfpkd;aronf urf;yg;pGef;rS
anmifudkif;udk ukdifNyD; avSay:rS ckefqif;vdku\
f / urf;yg;xdyfodkU
a&mufaomtcg avSqDokdU iHkUMunhfvkdufrdonf/
aumifuav;onf onfbufodkU armhMunhfraeyg/
vufxJu aiGaphuav;udk iHkUMunhf&mrS rsufeSmudk vufcHkNzihf
yGwfwkdufypfvdkufonfudk awGU&onf/ tdrfpdk;ar\ &ifxJrSm vdIufc
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

eJ NzpfoGm;onf/ ighpum;u rdbrJh rsufeSmi,fuav; wpfa,muf

tay: odyfrsm; vGefoGm;ovm; .../ tkd 'grS ol &if;&if;ESD;eSD; rp&JrSm
ul;wdkUorm;wpfa,muf[m ul;wkdUorm;vdkyJ aezdkUaumif;wmaygh/
bk&m;a& .... 'g vlwef;pm; cGJNcm;rdaewmvm;/
r[kwfbl;? 'g a&mifhwufvmrSmpdk;vdkU BudKwif umuG,fwmyg/
zvHawmrS Nyefqif;vmcsdefwGif rkef;NrpfwGif vl&Sif;vsuf&Sd
onf/ avSorm;uav;onf zvHawmurf;bufrSm ausmufcsxm;
ovdkyif avSudkuyfNyD; urf;yg;bufqD armhMunhfapmihfaeonf/ tdrf
pdk;arudk Nrifawmh csufcsif;rsufvTmcsoGm;\/
avSay:wufvdkufNyD; oleSihf rsufeSmcsif;qkdifu uefUvefUopf
om;wef;ay:rSm tdrfpkd;ar xkdifvdkufonf/ olu tdrfpdk;artm; r0Hhr
&J wpfcsufMunhfNyD;aemuf avSukd pwifxGufcGm\/
]][kdwpfeSpfu ar;cGef;awG aNzekdifwmawmh[kwfygNyD? 'gayr,hf
tck ar;cGef;topfawGudk xyfar;r,f? b,fheS,fvJ}}
ol zswfceJ armhMunf\ h / tdrfpkd;ar olUudk NyHK;Munhfaeonfudk
awGU&aomtcg olonf csufcsif;yif tHhMowMuD; NyHK;&,favonf/
&Tifvef;awmufyoGm;aom aumifav;tNyHK;udkMunhfí at;atmif
[m onfvdktNyHK;rsdK; vHk;0rNyHK;wwfbl;[k awG;rdonf/ armift&if;
wpfa,mufudk cg;oD;pGm rkef;wD;cJhzl;aom tdrfpkd;aronf onfaumif
uav;udk rdrdarmifav;vdkyif cspfcifoGm;\/

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

]]ar;ygcifAsm .... uRefawmf aNzekdifrSmyg}}

]]*syef[m ta&SUtm&Sukd ppfqifawmhr,fvdkU xifovm;}}
olu acgif;wpfcsuf ndwfonf/
]]*syef 0ifrSmyJ? NrefrmNynfudk *syef0ifvmrSmyJ}}
]]tvJh ... w,f[kwfygvm;? rif; b,folu aNymvJ}}
olonf &Sufpedk; wpfcsufNyHK;\/
]]uRefawmf owif;pmawG awmif;awmif;NyD; zwfygw,f? vGefcJh
wJh ckepfESpfavmufuwnf;u rDum'dk"mwfyHkq&mtNzpf *syefawG0if
vmNyDyJ? udkBuD;ykqDrSm a&'D,kdtpkwfBuD; wpfckvJ &Sdw,f/ *syef[m
'DrSm olvQdKvkyfaecJhwm MumyD .... wJh}}
]]'gNzihf *syefeJU t*Fvdyf b,folekdifapcsifovJ}}
]]ESpfa,mufpvHk; &IH;apcsifw,f}}
]]tdk ....}}
tdrfpkd;ar [uf[ufyufyuf &,frdonf/
]]uJuJ ... 'gNzifh rif;udk rrarG;pm;zdkU xkdufwefoGm;NyD/ ukef;
apmif;udk vdkufvmcJhayawmh? Mum;vm;}}
olonf yg;pyfydwfNyHK;&,fvsuf avxJodkU vufoD;wpfcsuf
a0SU,rf;xkd;ypfvkdu\
f /

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

]]wu,f ...}}
]]at;ayghuGm ... nH*H&yf ta&SUzsm;u a':cifrif;ar&JU wvif;
Nyifqkd&if rif; ar;prf;vkdU&w,f}}
aumifuav; rMumcifvdkufvmrnf[k tdrfpkd;ar xifcJhaomf
vnf; vtawmfMumonftxd aumifuav;\ t&dyfta&mif rNrif
&/ tdrfpkd;aronf aumifav;udk arhoGm;onf/
tar&duefwkdU\ ykvJqdyfurf;udk *syefwyfrawmfu ppfaMu
nmNcif;rNyKbJ tvpfrSm 0ifa&muf AHk;usJwdkufcdkufvdkufonf/ Nzpf
awmhrvm; ... ?Nzpfawmhrvm;ESihf apmifhem;axmifaecJh&aom ta&SU
tm&SppfBuD; pwifNzpfyGm;NyD/ rMumrD NrefrmekdifiH atmufydkif;odkU
*syefwyfrsm; 0ifa&muf xkd;ppfqifvmonf/ xkdUaemuf &efukefNrdKU
odkU AHk;usJonf/ tNzpftysufrsm;onf wNznf;Nznf; acsmufcsm;zG,f
&m NzpfNzpfvm\/ aemufqHk; NrefrmNynftv,fydkif;txd *syefwkdU
a&mufvmonf/ t*Fvdyfrms;onf olwkdU qkwfcGmoGm;&m a'orsm;
udk &efolawG toHk;csvdkUr&atmif azmufcGJ zsufqD;ypfcJhMu\/
,cktcsdefqdkvQif BuD;BuD;arwkdU a&mufvmoihfNyD/ a&eHaNronf
zsufqD;cH&awmhrnfrSm aocsmoavmuf &SdaeNyD/ bmNzpfvkdU raNy;
vmMuygvdrfh/
1942? {NyDvv,favmufwGif arQmfvifholu ray:vmrD
rarQmfvihfolu a&mufvm\/

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

om;a&tdwf EGrf;EGrf;av; wpfvHk;udk vG,fvsuf [kdMunhf onf

MunhfNzifh aumifuav; a&mufvmaomtcsdefonf aeawmfawmfNrihf
aeonf/ yltdkufaom umvNzpfonf/ vQmxdk;OD;xkyfuav;udk ezl;
idkufatmif aqmif;xm;\/ &Syfvuf&Snf tusF Dcyfxlxludk 0wfxm;
&m &ifbwfqDeSihf ausmNyifqDrSm acR;pdkUaom tuGufvdkuf pGef;xif;
aeonf/
tdrfpkd;aronf &Sm;apmif;Nyom'fyifwef; wpfzufrS aumifu
av;udk NrifvkdufvQif Nrifvdkufcsif; aysmf&TifoGm;rdonfudk udk,fhudk,f
udk em;rvnfekdifacs/ ppftwGif;rSm rdef;rom;eSpfa,mufwnf; ae&
wmrdkU a,muFsm;av;wpfa,muf tm;udk;&vdkU aysmf&TifoGm;wmyg[k
udk,hfudk,fudk ,lqxm;vdkuo f nf/
]]arara& .... arharhiSufuav; vmNyD}}
NcHa&SUokdU aNy;vmaom tdrfpdk;arESihf wnfhwnhf rsufESmcsif;qkdif
&yfvdkufaom aumifuav;\ tNyHK;rSm Munfvifae\/
]]tck b,fu vmwmvJ}}
]]oHudkif; bufu vmwmyg}}
araronf aumifuav;tm; aNcqHk;acgif;qHk; Munhfum ycHk;
udk cyfzGzGudkifMunhfonf/
]][oFm ... rif; emrnfu [oFmaemf? at;at; ... tar rarhyg
bl;? rif;awmfawmf xGm;vmwmyJudk;uGJU/ tawmfyJuG,f ... om;
a&mufvmwmeJU *syefawG 'Dbufa&mufr,fvdkU Mum;ovm;}}
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

[oFmonf tdrfaxmihfuGyfyspfwGif tdwfuav;csvsuf armyef;

pGm xkdifvdku\
f /
]][kwfuJh? a&mufvmr,f xifw,f/ t*Fvdyfawmh acG;aNy; 0uf
aNy; aNy;ukefNyD BuD;BuD;&JU? uRefawmfwkdUavSudk txufbuf vdkufydkU
ay;cdkif;aevdkU renf;udk,fvGwf&kef;cJh&w,f/ 'geJU a&eHwGif;awGudk
zsufqD;awmhr,f .... wJh/ a&eHaNru tvkyform;wcsdKUuvJ tcsi;f
csif; pnf;0g;&kdufaeMuw,f/ zsufqD;csifa,mif aqmifzkdUaygh}}
tdrfpkd;aronf acgif;,rf;cgvdku\
f /
]]tJ'Davmufawmh vG,fr,f rxifbl;/ t*FvdyfawGu pepfus
w,faemf}}
aeUv,f wpfem&Dywf0ef;usifwGif tm;vHk;arQmfrSef;xm;onfh
aygufuGJoHBuD;rsm;onf ta&SUbufur;fqDrS qufwkdufqufwku d f
ay:xGufvmcJhonf/ oHudkif;armfawmfqdyfrS vltcsdKUonf a&eHaNrrS
rD;awmfBuD;rsm;udk Nrif&onfqk\ d / tcsdKUvlrsm; oHukdif;qdyfokdUoGm;
í em&Daygif;rsm;pGm rNyD;ekdif rpD;ekdif aygufuGJavmifuRrf;aeaom a&
eHaNrqD vSrf;arSsmfMunhfMuonf/
a&eHaNrwGif eSpfaygif;rsm;pGm touf&Sif &yfwnfcGihf&cJhaom
raiGtdrfonf rD;awmufrD;vQHBuD;rsm; cg;v,frS NywfususdK;yJhoGm;
rnhf oHNirf;pifBuD;rsm;udk Nrifa,mifvsuf rsuf&nfpufrsm; vdrfhqif;
cJhonf/
]]rrcifrif;wkdU b,fvdkrsm; aeMuygvdrhfrvJ}}
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

]]olwdkU 'Dudk a&mufvmrSmaygh arar}}

]]'Dudk vmzdkU ul;wdkUavSawGa&m NrpfxJrSm &Sdao;&JUvm;uG,f}}
xkdtcg [oFmonf BuD;BuD;artm; oGm;ac:vmNyD; vmydkUay;
&ef wm0ef,lvkdu\
f /
]]AHk;awG? aoewfawG owdxm;yg om;&,f? aemufNyD; t*Fvdyf
ppfom;awG *syefppfom;awGudk wwfekdiforQ a&Smifygaemf}}
[oFm\ {&m0wDNrpfNyif pGefUpm;cef;onf xdkaeUrS pcJhonf/

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

(4)

ppfonf cspfolcifol tcsif;csif; rkef;wD;apwwfovdk? rkef;olt

csif;csif;udk NyefvnfoihfNrwfatmif wGef;tm;ay;cJhonf/
cifrif;arESihftwlppfaNy;vmaom OD;Nromonf tysdKBuD;zm;zm;
Nzpfaeaom tdrfpdk;artm; wpfpwpfp oHa,mZOfwG,fvm\/ olr
tm;acR;rtNzpf todtrSwrf NyKayr,hf raiGtdrfuawmh OD;Nromtm;
rdrd\ a,mu©r[laom trSwfNzihf NyKpkapmihfa&Smufavonf/ qef
pufawG rD;&dIUzdkUcsefae&pfcJhaom yefcsmyDwyfrsm;onf *syefawGvmNyD
qkdawmh xGufaNy;Muawmh\/ ukef;apmi;fwpfNrdKUvHk;onf ta0;odkU
ppfaNy;Murnfhvlrsm;? ta0&Sd NrdKUrsm;rS ppfaNy;vmMuonhfvlrsm;ESihf
&kwf&kwfoJoJNzpfae\/ þe,faNrokdU *syefrsm; 0ifrvmrD yxr
qHk; a&mufvmonfrSm bDtdkifatwyfNzpfonf/ xkdUaemuf Adkvf&ef
ekdi\
f wyfonf pvif;bufodkU csDwufxGufcGmoNzihf ukef;apmif;rSm
&SdorQ um;ESihfNrif;vSnf;rsm;ESihf bDtdkifatwyfrsm;qDodkU xrif;xkyf
rsm; oGm;ydkU&onf/ raiGtdrf\Nrif;vSnf;onf vufrJuefodkU trsm;

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

enf;wlyif ygoGm;\/ ukef;apmif;&GmrSm bm,mOfrrS &Sdaom tcsdef

wGif csdefudkufxm;ovdkyif *syefAdkvfrsm; 0ifa&mufvmonf/
uav;yDyD [oFmu aps;bufrS taNy;NyefvmNyD; owif;ay;
\/
]]BuD;BuD; ... BuD;BuD; *syefawG vmukefNyD? *syefawG vmukefNyD}}
raiGtdrfonf &ifbwfukd vufeSihfzdrdonf/
]]uRefawmf aNy;MunhfOD;r,f BuD;BuD;? *syefawGu w&kwfawGudk
ac:ckdif;aew,f}}
]][Jh ... roGm;eJUav? aMomf ... 'Duav;ES,f taMumuftvefU
r&Sd}}
]][oFm ... rrvJ vdkufr,f}}
]]orD; ... tdrfpkd;ar}}
raiGtdrfonf orD;udk zrf;qGJxm;&onf/
]]orD; ... taNctae bmrSef;rodao;bJeJU? roGm;csifygeJU/
ararhudk oem;prf;ygOD;}}
tdrfpdk;aronf tdrfxJ Nyef0ifvdku&f awmhonf/
[oFm Nyefvmaomtcg tusdK;taMumif; odMu&onf/ xkdaeU
nae rdom;pkxrif;0dkif; wGif [oFmaNymNyonfh *syefppfAdkvfrsm;t

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

aMumif;aMumihf rdom;pkonf xrif;udk 0g;rdrSef;rod? rsdKcsrdrSef;rod

NzpfMu&onf/
]]olkwdkUu a&eHacsmif;bufuae vmwmwJh/ av;a,muf/ Adkvf
rdk;BudK;qkdvm; rodbl;? tJ'g .... olwkdUudk oHudkif;rSm vmBudKrvdkUwJh
w&kwfawG ac:ac:NyD; &dkufwm}}
]]&dkufw,f}}
OD;Nromu wtHhwMo 0ifar;\/
]][kwfw,f bb? 'gwif rubl;? w&kwfawG&JUtdrfawG? ypönf;
awGudk 24 em&DtwGif; rD;&dIUypfr,fwJh/ 0wfxm;wmawmh Armh0wfpHk
armifhMuufoa& acgif;aygif;eJU? ydk;vHkcsnfeJU ... awmfawmf &dkif;pdkif;
r,hfvlawGyJ}}
]]olBuD; r&Sdbl;vm;uG,f}}
]]olBuD; &Sdwmayhg? olBuD;u *syefawGudk awmif;yefw,f? zsef
aNzw,f? 'gayr,hf r&ygbl;}}
]]tJ'Dawmh ...}}
]]tJ'Dawmh *syefuawmfwpfa,mufu Mum;0if&wmaygh}}
]]tkd .... olwkdUu rdef;rawGygvdkUvm;}}
aiGtdrfu tlaMumifaMumifNzihf ar;rdawmh cifrif;&,favonf/

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

]]r[kwfbl; BuD;BuD;&JU .... tJ'D *syefuawmfr[kwfbl;/ 'D&GmrSm

[kdwkef;uwnf;u aevmwJh *syef"mwfyHkq&m&JU rdef;r}}
]]aMomf .... aMomf Mum;zl;w,f? Mum;zl;w,f}}
]]tJ'D uawmfu olUa,muFsm;eJUol &dkufxm;wJh "mwfyHkudk xkwf
NyNyD; awmif;yef&wmaygh? tJ'DawmhrS *syefawG NidrfoGm;w,f}}
wu,fh *syefppfwyfawG csDwufvmonfhtcsdefuawmh tm;vHk;
tdyf&mxJ a&mufaeMucsdef Nzpfonf/ raiGtdrf wpfoufrSm 'Davmuf
ppfzdeyfoHawG trsm;BuD; qlnHaewmudk wpfcgrS rMum;zl;acs/ NAKef;
ceJ vefUedk;vmwm udk,fwpfa,mufwnf; r[kwfbl;[k odvdkuf&
awmh rrcifrif;tem; aNy;uyfoGm;rd\/ rrcifrif;u olUvufndk;udk
EIwfcrf;rSm uefUvefUNzwf wifNyNyD; wdwfwdwfqdwfqdwfae&ef [ef
Nyonf/ bk&m;pifa&SUrSmtdyfaom OD;Nromu zswfceJ xxkdifonf/
tdrfpdk;aruawmh Nywif;aygufab;oGm;&yfum acsmif;MunhfzdkU MudK;
pm;onf/
]]orD; ... rzGihfeJU}}
]]raMumufygeJUBuD;ar&JU? 'Dem;u vmwmr[kwfygbl;? wmvrf;
ay;rSmyg/ orD;wkdUeJU ta0;BuD;}}
tdrfpkd;ar\toHu aoG;at;at;yif Nzpfonf/
yltkdufonf[k taMumif;Nyum tdrfa&SUNcH0dkif;xJu 0g;uGyfyspf
rSmtdyfonfh [oFmuawmh acgif;axmifxMunhfNyD; NyefvSJtdyfav
onf/
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

trsm;u u,fwif&Sif[k arQmfvihfxm;cJhonfh *syefppfwyf\

&dkif;pdkif;rI? ,kwfrmrIwdkUudk wpfaeUwNcm; odvm&aom Nynfolvlxk
onf *syefwkdUtm; &GHaMumufBuD; aMumufvsuf a&SmifMuOfMuawmh
onf/ olwkdU pcef;csonfh pdefem;yefausmif;0if; tem;okdU a&mufcJh
olrsm;u udk,fwkdifNrifawGUorQudk azmufonfcsonf/
]]olwkdUqD xrif;tkyfav;awG oGm;ydkUwm? udk&ificg;wkdUudk yg;
awmif &dkufvTwfowJh}}
raiGtdrf\ ol&if;iSm; udkaxG;armifu owif;ay;awmh tm;vHk;
rsufESm ysufoGm;Muonf/ [oFmonf aeUpOf eHeuf(7)em&D? (8)em
&DrSm tdrfrSxGufoGm;NyD; naeapmif;rS NyefvmwwfonfNzpf&m [oFm
twGuf pdk;&drfMu\/
]]uRefawmfu ul;wkdUoGm;vdkufwmyg BuD;BuD;? Nrpfudk Nzwful;
csifwJh vlawGtwGuf ul;wkdU odyf&Sm;aew,f/ 'Dacwfysufawmh
awmf&Hkwef&Hkvlu rvdkuf&Jbl;/ 'Dawmh vdkuf&JwJhvl ydkufqH&wmaygh}}
*syef0ifNyD; wpfywfavmufMumaomtcg raiGtdrf\ NcH0dkif;odkU
rarQmfvihfaom {nhfonfrsm; a&mufvmonf/
xdktcsdefrSm raiGtdrfu tdrfaemufaz; &ufuef;pifrSm tvkyf&Iyf
aeNyD; cifrif;u tdrfpdk;arESihftwl pyg;avSUaeonf/
&Sm;apmif;Nyom'fyifwef;\ aemufbufrSm {nhfonfoHk;a,muf
wkd;uyfvmonfudk t&ifqHk;Nrifvkdufaom tdrfpdk;aronf NAKef;ceJ
aMumiftNyD;rS pifay:rS ckefqif;vdku\
f /
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

]]azaz ....}}
okdUaomf tdrfpkd;ar\ toHudk tNyifokdUrxGufatmif xdef;csKyf
xm;olwpfa,muf &Sdaeonf/ tkd ... wpfa,mufr[kwfygbl;? ESpf
a,muf .../
]]armifav; .... vmMu? vmMu rif;wkdUudk igt&if wpfywfu
arQmfaewm}}
tNrJ oyf&yfpGmaewwfaom ta&;ydkifuav;rSm ppfaNy;b0wGif
qHyifrsm; zkeftvl;vl; yGa&mif;vsuf 0wfxm;aom tuÐs vHkcsnfu
uydku&kd cyfEGrf;EGrf;/ rsufeSmuawmh &Tifvef;vsuf&Sdonf/ wifwif
at;onf cifrif;arESihftwl tdrfpdk;arudk NrifawGUzdkU arQmfvihfrxm;
ovdkyif tdrfpkd;artm; pl;pl;prf;prf; wtHhwMoMunhfvsuf cifrif;ar
tm; zufayGUEIwfqufvdkufavonf/
]]Nynfu xGufvmwm MumNyDrrar&JU? vrf;rSm Mumaewm? a&eH
acsmif;udk a&mufawmh tysuftpD;awGMum;xJrSm wpfNrdKUvHk; okóef
Z&yfvdkyJ a[mif;avmif;BuD; aNcmufaoGUvkdU/ azazwkdUu yif;0wkdU?
qv,fwkdU oGm;Muw,fvdkU owif;&w,f/ tpfudk rrarqDoGm;csif
w,fqkdvdkU 'Dbufudk xGufcJh&wm}}
tdrfay:xyfrS OD;Nrom cyfoGufoGuf qif;vmonf/
]]om; ....}}
tm;&yg;& vdIufvSJpGmac:NyD; rif;acgiftm; a&SUwnfhwnfhrS wpf
0BuD;Munhfum tbdk;BuD; auseyfaeonf/
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

]]om;wkdU ab;roD &efrcatmif azaz npOf arwÅmydkUaew,f}}

]]bb ... bb ydefoGm;w,faemf}}
at;atmifonf rif;acgif\t&yfudk rD&Hrk u ausmfaeayNyD/
i,f&kyfvHk;0raysmufao;aom vlysdKaygufuav;onf qHyifrsm; &Iyf
yGvsuf yifyef;EGrf;e,frIaMumifh ckcsufcsif; idkcsawmhrnfh [ef&Sdonf/
]]ighaNr; xGm;vSygyaumvm;}}
at;atmifu olqGJvmonfh vufqGJtdwfudk NcHaxmifhu uGyf
yspfay:rSmoGm;csvdkufcsdefwGif tdrfpdk;arESihf rsufeSmcsif;qkdifrd\/onf
aumifrav; onfavmufvSvdrfhrnf[k rxifcJh/ xkdUtwl onf
avmuf &ihfusuf£aNE´&aeNyD[kvnf; rxifcJh/ at;atmifonf tpf
rrsufvHk;rS wnfNidrfat;pufrIukd tm;usoGm;um vSpfceJ NyHK;Nyvdkuf
onf/ tdrfpdk;aru vHk;0rNyHK;bJ tdrfaemufaz;okdU vSnhfxGufoGm;
avonf/
avwpfcsuf wdkufvdkufaomtcg refusnf;&Guf0guav;rsm;
zGJceJ a<uvGifhvm\/ tdrfa&SUwvif;NyifwGif rwfwwf&yf usefcJhNyD;
oefU&Sif;vwfqwfaomavudk tm;&yg;& &IdufoGif;rdaom rif;acgif
onf tdrfab;uGufvyfqDrS xGufvmaom aiGtdrfudk owdvuf
vGwf ai;Munhfrdonf/
aiGtdrf .../ aiGtdrfhudk wu,fhrdef;rBuD;wpfa,muf toGifNzihf
Nrif&vdrhfrnf[k ol rxifcJhay/ vGefcJhonfh 4ESpfu a&eHaNr oydwf
wm;zdkU acgif;rmpGm wuf<uaeaom rdef;uav; r[kwfawmhygvm;/
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

xkdrdef;uav;ESihf ,cktrsdK;orD; wpfa,mufwnf;[k r,Hkcsifovkd

Nzpfaeonf/ zsifMurf;vHkcsnf ndkrdIif;rdIif;? 0dkiftusÐcyfEGrf;EGrf;Nzihf qH
xHk;uydku&dk aNyusum &ifbwfay:rSm qHyifzsm;wifaeaom trsdK;
orD;onf olUudk Nrifvkduf&í tHhMo[ef r&Sd/ oluom wkefvIyfpGm
Munhfrdonf/
]]tpfudk .... aeaumif;w,faemf}}
raiGtdrf\toHwGif emusifrI ryg/ 0rf;om&Tifvef;rI ryg/
wGefUqkwfawGa0rI ryg/ &Suf&GHrIryg/ bmrQ ryg .../ {nhfonfudk
BudKqkdaom tdrf&Sif\ aEG;axG;rIom ygonf/
]]aiGtdrf .... rif; 'DrSm tqifaNy&JUvm;}}
]][kwfuJh tpfudk a&csdK;rvm; .... rrwifat;a&m wpfcgwnf;
csdK;vdkU&w,faemf/ uRefr bJOtkd;BuD;awGxJ a&qGJxnhfxm;NyD;om;
&Sdw,f}}
pdwfrcsovkdNzihf tdrfxJrS NyefxGufvmaom wifwifat;udkyg
wpfvufpwnf;aNym&if; tdrfxJodkU vSnhf0ifoGm;onf/
]]rra& .... uRefr ]armifrac: yJ[if;} qDNyefuav; csufvdkuf
OD;r,f? rrar armifeJU a,mif;rudk a&rdk;csdK;zdkU Nyay;vdkufygOD;}}
naepm xrif;0dkif;udk eSpfcg Nyif&\/ OD;NromeSihf rif;acgifwkdU
om;tzoHk;a,mufudk wpf0dkif; NyifauR;&onf/ aiGtdrfhtdrfrSm ZGef;
cuf&if; r&Sdaomtcg rif;acgifonf [if;cwfonfh ZGef;Nzihfxrif;
pm;&\/
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

]]rrwdkUa&m .... rpm;ao;bl;vm;}}

]]aeae .... rrNyD;rS aiGtdrfwkdUeJU pm;r,f}}
nrdk;csKyf a&eHqDrD;tdrfxGef;zdkU NyifqifaecsdefwGif tdrfpdk;ar\
tem;odkU at;atmif uyfvmonf/ touf 15ESpft&G,f at;atmif
onf tdrfpkd;ar\ OD;acgif;xufyif NrihfaeNyD Nzpfonf/
]]Nrif;aZmif;xJu Nrif;awGu b,folpD;wmvJ}}
]]ig pD;wmayhg}}
]][m ... rdef;ru Nrif;pD;w,f}}
tdrfpdk;aronf at;atmifudk rmefygyg rsufeSmxm;Nzihf wpfcsuf
MunhfNyD; ememMunf;Munf; aNymypfzdkU tm;,laepOfrSmyif NcHayguf0
qDrS vl&dyfudk zswfceJNrifvkduf&\/
]]rra& ... ykpGefBuD;awG &cJhw,fAs? uRefawmfudk,fwkdif edIufvm
cJhwm/ uRefawmhf vufawmifrS ....}}
[oFm\pum;onf teD;a&mufvmawm wpfydkif;wpfpNzihf
NywfawmufoGm;onf/ aumifuav;eSpfa,mufonf wpfa,mufudk
wpfa,muf NrifvQifNrifcsif; rESpfNrdKUedkifbJ NzpfoGm;onf/
ycHk;xdausmfaeonfh eDusifusif qHyifuydku&dk? acR;pm;aeonfh
zsifMurf;tusÐvuf&Snf yGyGBuD;eSihf eSpfeHpyf ykqdk;wkdwdkudk cg;yHkpBuD;
BuD;xkwfvsuf 0wfxm;aom [oFmtm; at;atmif rsufarSmifMuKwf
Munfhvkdu\ f / [oFmvufxJrS qGJaNrSmufNyxm;aom EIwfcrf;arT;
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

awG pkcsnfcH&onfh ausmufykpGefBuD; av;ig;aumif\ aNcaxmuf

awG vIyvf Iyf&G&G Nzpfaeonfudk Nrifawmh ESmacgif;wpfcsuf &IHUvdkuf
avonf/
olrsm;awG[dkaNy;onfaNy; tpm;qif;&J? taeqif;&J 'ku©a&muf
aecsdefrSm qHyifwdkeHUeHUudk acgif;vdrf;qDNzifh taMumhom;NzD;vdrf;xm;
onfh rsufeSmtxufpD;yHkpHESihfaumifudk [oFm Munhfr&/ b,fu
aumifvJ? bmNzpfvdkU rrtdrfpdk;artem;rSm 'DavmufuyfaewmvJ/
ouúvyfabmif;bD&Snf cyfyGyGudk t*FvdyfvlrsdK;pwkdifESihf 0wfxm;NyD;
abmif;bDtdwf wpfzufwpfcsufxJodkUvufawG xkd;xnhfum olUtm;
aNcqHk;acgif;qHk; MunhfNcif;udkcHvdkuf&aomtcg vufxJu ykpGefEIwf
oD; cRefawGeSihf rsufESmudk aqmihfxkd;ypfvdkufcsif\/
aumifav;eSpfa,muf\ wpfa,mufudk wpfa,muf Nzpfay:
oGm;aom trkef;yrmPudk ab;u tuJcwfNrifae&aom tdrfpkd;ar
onf auseyftm;&pGm NyKH;vdkufavonf/
]][oFm ... olu azaz&JU om;av}}
[oFma wmfawmfpdwfcsrf;omoGm;ygonf/
]]aMomf .... odNyD? at;atmifqdkwm ...}}
]][kwfw,f}}
]]AsL&dku&ufav;ayghaemf}}
]]bmuG ....}}
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

At;atmifu tdrfxJokdU0if&ef [efNyifonfh [oFm\ ycHk;udk

vufNrefpGmyif zswfceJ qGJqkyfvdkufonf/ [oFmrsufeSmrSm rxdw
xdtNyKH;ESihf ../
]]a[haumif? tJ'g igaNymwJhpum; r[kwfbl;/ rrtdrfpdk;aru
rif;twGuf emrnfay;xm;wm ... r,Hk&if ar;Munhf}}
at;atmifu wufwpfcsufacgufum tusÐpudk vTwfay;vdkuf
onf/ tdrfpkd;arudkawmh i,faMumufrdkU ol bmrS rar;ay/ apGapmif;
apmif; wpfcsufMunhfNyD; tdrf0dkif;xJodkU xGufcGm&ef [efNyifonf/
onfvdkqkdawmh tdrfpdk;ar olUtwGuf tenf;i,f ylyefoGm;\/
]]at;atmif ..... b,fvJ}}
at;atmifu raNzay/
]]at;atmif .... &GmxJrSm *syefawG &Sdw,faemf? rif;yHkpHu t*F
vdyfpwdkifeJU? awmfMum ... t*FvdyfolvQdKqkdNyD; tzrf;cHae&OD;r,f}}
Xdktcg at;atmif wHkUceJ &yfoGm;\/
]][dkwpfaeUu ... "m;NywdkufwJh MuH&myg Nzpfekdifw,fqkdNyD; Adkvf
wJrSm vleSpfa,muf tzrf;cH&w,f}}
at;atmif tdrfpdk;arbufvSnhfMunhfonf/ Mu,fa&mif roJruGJ
aeta&mifr&Sdawmhonfhtcsdef Nzpfayr,fh cyfvSrf;vSrf;u rD;tdr\
f
tvif;a&mif rSdefysysNzihf at;atmif tenf;I,f vefUoGm;onfudk od
vdu
k f&onf/
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

]]tJ'D vlESpfa,mufudk xkyfwef;rSm aZmufxkd;qGJNyD; &dkufppfwm?

wu,f"m;NywkdufwJhvlawGu wNcm;? olwdkUu wNcm;}}
olwkdUtoHudk roJruGJ Mum;onfh wifwifat;u taNy;tvTm;
xGufvmonf/
]]tr,fav; om; ... b,foGm;rvkdUvJ? tpfudka& ... tpfudkU
om;udk ac:ygOD;}}

at;atmiftm; Nrif;pD;oifay;&onfhtcsdefwGif tdrfpdk;arESihf

azaz awmfawmf&if;eSD;oGm;Muonf/ þtdrfrSm Nrif;udk &if;eSD;uRrf;
0ifol[lí tdrfpkd;arwpfa,mufom &SdcJh&mrS ,ck azazuyg tazmf
Nzpfvmonf/ ararraiGtdr\ f aNrwvif;BuD;rSm aNrmif;aygiftxd
tus,fBuD;Nzpf&m ndrk twGuf NrL;wl;pGm ckefaygufupm;&ef upm;
uGif;BuD;wpfck Nzpfae\/ BuD;BuD;arESihf araru olwkdUwvif;Nyif
acsmrGwfaewmav;? Nrif;cGm&mNzihf ysufpD;rSmpdk;í &ifwrrNzpfaepOf
azazESihf tdrfu w[m;[m; &,farm aysmf&TifcJhavonf/ orD;eSihf
taz Nrif;pD;NydKifawmh tazu ekdifonf/
rif;acgifonf tkdifpDtufpfoifwef;rSm Nrif;pD; pmar;yGJudk
txufwef;rS atmifNrifcJholNzpfaMumif; tcGihf&wkef; trsm;a&SUrSm
<um;vdkuf\/ at;atmifu avwpfcsufcRefum tm;usoGmonf/
rif;acgifonf ZufBudK;vTwf? aNceif;uGif;vTwf? av;buf uqkefudk
ekdifeif;pGm pD;ekdifonf/
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

]]orD;&JUNrif;udk wef;ausmfckefzdkU azaz oifay;&OD;r,f}}

rdom;pk okdufokduf0ef;0ef; &,farmaeonfudk cyfvSrf;vSrf;rS
pyg;e,f&if; [oFm apmifhMunhfaecJh&onf/ [oFm\ rsufvHk;rS
remvdkpdwfrsm;udk vlBuD;yDyD rif;acgif &dyfrdonf/
]]'Duav;u orD;wkdUtdrfrSmaewm MumNyDvm;}}
]]rMumao;ygbl; azaz? wpfv ESpfvavmufyJ &SdOD;r,f}}
[oFm&Sd&m wpfcsuf ododomom vSrf;MunhfNyD;aemuf orD;udk
owday;vdkuf\/
]]ol 'DrSm MumMumaevdkU rNzpfbl;}}
]][if ... bmNzpfvdkUvJ}}
]]olUrsufvHk;awGudk azaz rMudKufbl;}}
tdrfpdk;ar rausreyf NzpfoGm;\/ 'Davmuf oefU&Sif;pifMu,f
wJh rsufvHk;awG ...../
]]olu orD;udk odyfudk;uG,fvGef;w,f/ t&dyfwMunhfMunhfeJU?
OD;pm;ay;vGef;w,f? tJ'g raumif;bl;/ wpfcsdefcsdefrSm .....}}
]]wpfcsdefcsdefrSm bmNzpfvJ azaz}}
ol raNzawmhyg/ tdrfpkd;aronf [oFmudk vSrf;Munhfvdkufonf
[oFmu tdrfhudk &wemwpfckudk Nrwfekd;wefzdk;xm;ovdk wefzdk;xm;

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

aewmyJ Opöm/ wpfcsdefcsdefrSm ...? tdrfpkd;aronf azaz\ wpfcsdefcsdef

rSm [laompum;udk rauseyfay/
]]uJuJ ... Nrif;eJUaqmhaewJh om;tazwpfawG ...yJNyKwfuav;
pm;&atmif NcH0dkif;xJudk NyefcJhyg/ [oFma&m 0ifcJhOD; om;}}
BuD;BuD;aru vSrf;ac:onf/
vufzuf&nfMurf;0dki;frSm t"dupum;aNymolrSm tdrfpkd;arESifh
azazom Nzpf\/ tdrfwkdU aqG;aEG;Muonhf ekdifiHa&;udk bbvnf;
odyfpdwfr0ifpm;? [oFmeSihf at;atmifvnf; pdwfr0ifpm;ay/
]][kwfw,f? wcsdKUta&;ydkiaf wGu t*FvdyfawGeJUtwl tdEd´,udk
vdkufoGm;w,fvkdUMum;awmh azazhtwGuf tdrf pkd;&drfoGm;wm? azaz
ygvdkufoGm;rvm;vdkU}}
rif;acgif a&aEG;Murf;cGufudk NyefcsNyD; orD;tm; pl;pdkufpGmMunhf
vdkufonf/
]]wcsdKUvdkUvJ raNymygeJU orD;&,f ... wpfa,mufp ESpfa,mufp
yg? azazhudkvJZGwfac:wmyJ/ 'gayr,hf azaz rvkdufekdifygbl;? udk,fh
ArmekdifiHBuD; ppfrD;avmifaewJhtcsdefrSm azaz udk,fvGwfr&kef;csifyg
bl;/ 'DrSmyJ aer,f? ao&ifvJ 'DrSmyJ aor,f}}
tdrfpkd;ar yxrOD;qHk;tMudrf azazhtay: av;pm;oGm;onf/
]]*syefawG[m t*FvdyftkyfcsKyfa&;ydkif;u vlawGudk b,fvdko
abmxm;rvJ rodbl;aemf azaz}}
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

]]tif; ... rD;pifMunhfNyD; u&awmhrSmayhgav/ olwkdU owfypf

r,fawmh rxifygbl;}}
wpfcP wdwfqdwfoGm;MuNyD;aemuf azazu oufNyif;wpf
csuf csvdkufonf/
]]'D AdkvfawZqkdwJh aumifav;[m bmaMumihfrsm; *syefvl&dkif;
awGudk oGm;ac:cJhovJ rodbl;/ vl,Ofaus;awG&JU uRefNzpf&muae
tcktwkdif;qdk vl&dkif;awG&JU uRefNzpf&awmhr,f/ rSm;vdkufwm}}
]]olwkdUu vGwfvyfa&;ay;rSmqkd ... azaz}}
at;atmifu wpfcsuf0ifar;\/
]]aNymwmyJ? aNrtkwfwpfcsyftpm; a&TtkwfwpfcsufeJU tpm;xdk;
ay;r,f .... wJh/ tvum;yg .... *syef 'Dudk0ifzdkUcsefaewm MumMum
vSNyD? vkdcsifvdkU vk,lwm? ay;csifvdkU vmwmrS r[kwfbJ/ tif; ....
ArmNynfBuD;awmh 'ku©yJaygh? 'gayr,hf olwkdUMumMum rtkyfekdifygbl;
om;? t*FvdyfawG NyefvmrSmyg/ aemufoHk;eSpfMum&if olwkdUNyefvm
r,f .... wJh}}
azazhavoHonf t*Fvdyfudk txifBuD;onfh AsL&dku&ufav
oH tppfNzpfonf/
]]t*FvdyfawG r0ifcifrSm *syefawG NyefxGufrSmyg azaz}}
tdrfpdk;arpum;aMumihf tm;vHk; pdwf0ifpm;oGm;Muonf/
]]bmvdkU NyefxGuf&rSmvJ}}
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

cifrif; 0ifar;onf/
]]tkd ... wkdufxkwfypfr,fhvlawG &SdvdkUaygh}}
]]b,folawGvJ}}
raiGtdrfu 0ifar;rdonf/ orD;u twdtus raNzay/
]]b,folvJqkdawmh vli,fawGyJaygh/ taNrmftNrifBuD;wJh vl
i,fawGaygh/ t*Fvdyfu axmifcsxm;ayr,fh axmifxJrSm ekdifiHa&;
oifwef;awG vkyfw,f? ppfwrf;awG pmapmifawG a&;w,f? axmif
tNyifa&mufwJhvlawGu NzefUay;w,f? vQdKU0Suf qufoG,frIeJUpnf;
&Hk;NyD; vli,fawGudk oabmw&m;a&;&mawG oifay;w,f/ *syefawG
'Dr0ifcifuwn;fu *syef[m eHywf (1)&efol? t*Fvdyfu eHywf (2)
&efolqkdwm orD;wkdUtm;vHk; odNyD;om;}}
]]orD;wkdU .... [kwfvm;}}
rif;acgifonf tdrfpdk;ar\ wuf<uaom rsufeSmudk wkefvIyfpGm
Munhfrdonf/ orD;udk uav;omomt&G,f? tNypfuif;pifpGm tylt
yifuif;rJhonfht&G,f[k olxifcJhonf/ touf 17ESpfwkef;u ol
onf [dkufpul;zkdife,fatmifcgp aumvdyfausmif;wufzdkU &dk;ukrÜPD
u ypönf;awG pkaqmif;aeaomtcsdef Nzpfonf/ ,ck 17ESpft&G,f
orD;onf ,ckrS 0ifvmaom *syefudk awmfvSefrnf[k &Jwif;pGm pdef
ac:aeNyDaum/
]]azazwkdUeJU orD;wkdUeJU t&ifwkef;u qefUusifbuf NzpfcJhay
r,hf tckawmh *syef&JU &efokltcsif;csif;rkdU r[mrdwfNzpfoGm;NyDaemf}}
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

orD;\ uav;qefaomtNyKH;uav; ay:vmNyD; &,farmvdkuf

aomtcg rif;acgif pdk;&drfwBuD; wm;Nrpfvdkuf\/
]]orD; ... 'Dpum;awG orD; b,folUrS raNymeJUaemf? orD; ....
*syefolvQdKqkdwJhpmtkyf zwfzl;vdkufvm; }}
]]zwfzl;ygw,fazaz? 'gwifrubl; ... urmÇU&efolqkdwJhpmtkyf
vJzwfzl;ygw,f? pmtkyfawG rzwfNzpf&ifawmifrS zufqpfawG? emZD
awG raumif;bl;qdkwmawmh odMuygw,f/ tckawmh vufawGUaygh}}
raiGtdrfeSihf cifrif;aronf rif;acgiftm; tm;udk;wBuD; vSrf;
MunhfMuonf/ b,fheS,fvkyfMurvJ/ orD;uawmh t*Fvdyf&JUolykef
vdkU xifxm;&mu *syefolykef NzpfygNyDa&mvm;/

[oFmeSihf at;atmif\ wpfa,mufudkwpfa,muf rESpfNrdKUrI

onf tdrfpdk;araMumihf y#dyu©NzpfoGm;&onf/
at;atmifonf bkdau wooESihf pwkdifusus abmif;bDukd
rcRwfwrf;0wfonfh &Snfarsmarsm vlaysmhav;[k tdrfpkd;aru tuJ
r&onfrSm MumNyD/ rdom;pkpum;0dkif;rsm;wGif [oFmtm; wHigonf?
ul;wkdUorm; ... ponfNzifh oHk;eIef;um emrnfb,fawmhrS xnhfí
pum;raNymaomaMumifh vlwef;pm;OmOf tNynhf&Sdol[k pdwftcsOf
aygufaeonfrSmvnf; MumNyD/ tdrfpdk;aru Nrif;pD;oifay;csifaomf
vnf; [oFmu wpfcgrS rawmif;qkdzl;bJ at;atmifuom awmif;

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

qkdwwfoNzihf ndkrudk tom;uspD;wwfaeum [efa&;NyvSonfudk

Munhfr&onfrSmvnf; MumNyD/
xkdaeUnae refusnf;yifatmuf wvif;NyifrSm tdrfpdk;arpmxkdif
zwfaecJh\/ [oFmu NcHaxmifhwpfae&mrSm Nrufpdkrsm;ESihf aumuf&dk;
rsm;udk a&mí pOf;aeonf/ xdktcsdefrSmyif Nrif;aZmif;xJrS at;atmif
u [efygygxGufvmavonf/ olUyHkpHu igwwfw,f igawmfw,f
[laom rsufeSmxm;uav;/ xkdrsufESmxm;uav;udk csOfwifwif&Sd
onfeSihf paemufcsifoGm;um at;atmif rdrda&SU NzwfavQmufcsdefus
rS trSwfwrJhvdkvkdESihf aNcaxmufudk wvif;NyifwGif qefUypfvdku\
f
rarQmfvihfbJaNcxdk;cHvdkufovdkNzpfum at;atmifonf wvif;
Nyifay:okdU Adkif;ceJ av;bufaxmuf vJusoGm;onf/
]]t,f ... armifav;? rNrifvdkUaemf rNrifvkdU}}
tdrfpkd;ar npfus,fus,fNyHK;vdkufcsdefwGif NcHaxmifhu [oFm
onf tdrfpdk;ar\ trlt&mudk tptqHk;NrifvkdufoNzihf w[m;[m;
&,fum auseyfoGm;\/ tdrfpkd;ar wrifvkyfrSef; odaomfvnf;
pdwfqdk;&tcuf? &,farm&tcuf NzpfaeaomaMumifh cPawGaepOf
[oFm\ atmufuvdtmoHNzihf &,farmoHudk Mum;vdkuf&aomtcg
at;atmifonf NAKef;ceJ aoG;qloGm;onf/ &G,fwla,muFsm;av;
wpfa,muf\ a&SUrSm t&SufcGJcH&avNcif;[k pdwfwkdoGm;&mu tpfr
twGuf a'goudk [oFmbufokdU tuekfpkykH vTJcsvdku\ f /
]]a[haumif .... bm&,fwmvJ}}
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

toHonf aemufrSmusefcJhNyD; vlut&if vsifNrefpGm [oFmxH

a&mufoGm;\/ [oFmu EGm;pmpOf;onfh"m;udk vufrvTwfbJ udkif
xm;&mrS x&yfum rxDwxD NyHK;onf/
]]rif; vJusoGm;wmudk &,fwmavuGm? &,fp&m raumif;bl;
vm;}}
[oFmvufxJu "m;udk owdrxm;rdwmvm;? raMumufekdifwm
vm; rod/ at;atmifonf [oFmudk ckyeftkyfum 0ifvHk;vdkufav
onf/ [oFmonf at;atmif\ udk,fvHk;udk zrf;qGJcsKyfudkifvsuf
vnfyif;udk "m;eSihfxduyfum &G,fxm;vdkufonf/
]]rvIyfeJUaemf ... vnfyif;Nywfogm;r,f}}
]][oFm ... eihv
f ufxJu "m;BuD;udk tckcsvdkufprf;}}
tdrfpdk;ar txdwfwvefUeSihf atmf[pfawmh tdrfxJu vlBuD;awG
aNy;xGufvmMuonf/ odkUaomf aMumiftum a&SUokdU rwkd;&JbJ wkef
vIyfacsmufcsm;aeMuonf/ tdrfpdk;aru olwkdUESpfa,mufteD;odkU
uyfoGm;onf/
]]rr .... rr&JU vkyfygOD;}}
at;atmifu oem;pzG,f tultnDawmif;avonf/
]][oFm ... eifhvufxJu "m;udk csvkdufvdkU igaNymaew,f}}
[oFmonf vufxJu"m;udk a0;a0;odkU ypfcsvdkufNyD; at;
atmif\ udk,fudk csKyfaESmifxm;&mrS vTwfay;vdkufonf/at;atmif
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

\ vnfyif;ta&Nym;qDwGif "m;Ncpf&mao;ao;uav;rS aoG;rsm;

pdrfhusvmpOFrSmyif at;atmifonf 'l;awGnTwfacGusoGm;\/
rif;acgifonf vTm;ceJteD;odkUa&mufvmum om;udkayGU,lvdkuf
\/ wifwifat;u idkBuD;csufr wkefvIyfpGm om;udk0ifayGUvdkufonfh
tcg rif;acgifonf 0kef;ceJ xum [oFmqDokdU aNcESpfvSrf;Nzihf
a&mufoGm;onf/ [oFmonf a'goaNyoGm;NyD;Nzpfí rdrda&SUokdU
a&mufvmaom vlBuD;udk a&SmifzdkU BudK;pm;\/
]]rif; .... rif; .. ighom;udk owfrvdkUayhg? [kwfvm;}}
aNymaNymqkdqkd [oFm\ rsufeSmudk vufoD;Nzihf eSpfcsufqihfxdk;
vdkufavonf/ [oFmonf aemufbufu EGm;pmaumuf&dk;yHkay:
aemufNyef vefusoGm;onf/ rdom;pktm;vHk; at;atmifteD;rSm 0dkif;
aeMucsdefwGif tdrfpdk;aronf [oFmudk wpfcsufMunhfvdku\ f / xkd
tMunhfudk [oFmodonf/ pGyfpGJvdkaomtMunhf ... a'goxGufaom
tMunhf ... tHhMoaomtMunhf .../ [oFmonf 0rf;enf;oGm;um vJ
ae&mrS cyfoGufoGuf vl;vJxvkdu\ f / xkdUaemuf NcH0ef;tNyifodkU
aNcvSrf;usJusJNzihf xGufcGmcJhawmhonf/
wu,fawmh þtdrfwGif rdrdonf aoG;rawmf om;rpyf olpdrf;
oufoufom Nzpfavonf/
]]'g vlowfzdkU BudK;pm;wmyJ? vlowf&ef MuHpnfrIeJU zrf;vdkU&
w,f}}

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

om;ukd xdcH&onfh ta&;ydkifrif;onf touf 15ESpft&G,f

uav;wpfa,mufu om;\vnfyif;udk "m;eSihf NzwfawmhrnfNrif
uGif;tm; ,ckwkdif r,HkMunfEdkifpGm wkefvIyfqJ? a'goNzpfqJ/
[oFmudk arG;pm;rdaom raiGtdrfESihf tdrfpkd;aronf ta&;ydkif
rif;\ ceJUrI? oa&mfrIukd acgif;iHkUcHae&onf/
]]b,fu tkwfMum;NrufaygufrSef; rod? olckd;vm; "m;Nyvm;
rod? vlowfzl;ovm; rod? aiGtdrf&,f ... rif;wkdU raMumufbl;
vm;[if/ udk,fhrSmvJ orD;ysdKuav;eJU? rif; 'Daumifudk 'DrSmquf
xm;r,fqkd&if ukd,hforD;ukd ukd,fac:oGm;r,f}}
]][ihftif; .... tdrf arareJUyJ aer,f}}
]]'gNzihf&if .... }}

nrsdK;csKyfrS [oFmNyefvmonfhtcg tdrfpdk;aronf cgwkdif;vkd

xrif;cl;auR;zdkU pdwfr&JoNzihf a&Smifaeonf/ [oFmudk,fwkdifudk
aMumufoGm;wmvm;? azazh rsufvHk;udkaMumufwmvm;awmh rdrdbm
om rodekdif/ arar &ufuef; &ufekdif&ef wnif;vHk;eSihf csmESihf csnf
cs&ef Nyifqifaevdkufonf/
xkdnu vomonf/
rdrdta&SUrSm t&dyfwpfck a&mufvmwm Nrifvkduf&pOfrSmyif 'g
[oFmyJ[k tdrfpdk;ar od\/
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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

]]rr ...}}
tdrfpkd;ar armhrMunhfyg/
]]uRefawmf olUudk aNcmufvSefU&Hkoufoufyg? uRefawmf olUudk
emapcsifwJh qE´ vHk;r0&SdcJhygbl;/ ,Hkyg rr&,f}}
[oFm\toHrSm wkd;wdwfvGef;oNzihf renf; em;pdkufaxmif&\
]]uRefawmfhrSm tEÅ&m,fudk NAKef;ceJ &ifqkdifawGU&if pOf;pm;csdef
r&cif trSwfrxif umuG,frdwJhtNzpfawGu cPcPNzpfvGef;awmh
tusihfygoGm;vdkU olUudk "m;eJU&G,frdwmyg}}
tdrfpkd;ar\tem;rSm rwfwwf&yfvsuf tufuGJaom toHwkd;
wkd;Nzihf wpfvHk;csif; aNymaeaomfvnf; tdrfpkd;ar armhrMunhf/
]]olUudk owfzdkUBudK;pm;wm r[kwfygbl; rr&JU}}
]]rif;udk azaz awmfawmf a'goxGufaew,f}}
olUudk armhrMunhfbJ pum;Nzwfí aNymvkduf\/ [oFm Nidrf
oufoGm;\/
]]rif;ukd zrf;rvdkU ...wJh}}
[oFm wkd;wdwfpGm &,fonf/
]]rif; 'Dtdrfu xGufoGm;awmh [oFm}}
&,foHonf csufcsif; NywfawmufoGm;avonf/

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yifv,fESihfwlaom rdef;rrsm; *sL;

tdrfpdk;ar armhMunhfvkdufaomtcg pl;pkdufpGm tuJcwfaomolU

rsufvHk;rsm;udk &ifqkdif&onf/ cg;ydkufxJu a>rayG;wpfaumif\
rsufvHk;awGyJvm;? avSmifcsdKifhxJu,keuf av;wpfaumif\ rsufvHk;
awGyJvm; ..... rod/ tdrfpkd;ar rodyg/
ol &kwfw&uf rsufvTmcsum teD;rS vSnhfxGufoGm;onf/
aemufwpfaeUwGif tdrfpdk;ar tdyf&mrS ekd;vmaomtcg olUudk
rawGU&awmhyg? olUtdwfuav;udkvnf; rawGU&? olUvuf&m aNc&m
rsm;vnf; bmtpterS rusefcJh/
aumifav;onf tdrfpdk;ar\ t&dyfatmufrS tNyD;tydkifxGufcGm
oGm;NyD Nzpfavonf/

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