ASTHA SCHOOL OF MANAGEMENT

Business Research (18MBA204) Multiple choice questions

Module-III
1.Which method of analysis does not classify variables as dependent or independent?
a. regression analysis
b. discriminant analysis
c. analysis of variance
d. factor analysis

2.Factor analysis is a(n) _____ in that the entire set of interdependent relationships is
examined.
a. KMO measure of sampling adequacy
b. orthogonal procedure
c. interdependence technique
d. Varimax procedure

3.Factor analysis can be used in which of the following circumstances?

a. To identify underlying dimensions, or factors, that explain the correlations among a
set of variables.
b. To identify a new, smaller set of uncorrelated variables to replace the original set of
correlated variables in subsequent multivariate analysis.
c. To identify a smaller set of salient variables from a larger set for use in subsequent
multivariate analysis.
d. All are correct circumstances.

4._____ are simple correlations between the variables and the factors.
a. Factor scores
b. Factor loadings
c. Correlation loadings
d. Both a and b are correct

5.Factor analysis may not be appropriate in all of the following situations except:
a. a small value for Barlett’s test of sphericity is found
b. small values of the KMO statistic are found
c. the variables are not correlated
d. the variables are correlated

6._____ should be used when factors in the population are likely to be strongly
correlated.
a. Orthogonal rotation
b. The Varimax procedure
c. Oblique rotation
d. None of the above
 7.An examination of differences across groups lies at the heart of the basic concept of
_____.
a. regression analysis
b. discriminant analysis
c. conjoint analysis
d. factor analysis

8.The linear combinations of independent variables developed by discriminant analysis

that will best discriminate between the categories of the dependent variable are _____.
a. discriminant functions
b. discriminant scores
c. characteristic profiles
d. classification matrix

9.Discriminant analysis can be used to answer questions such as:

a. How much of the variation in sales can be explained by advertising expenditures, prices,
and level of distribution?
b. In terms of demographic characteristics, how do customers who exhibit store loyalty
differ from those who do not?
c. What are the distinguishing characteristics of consumers who respond to direct mail
solicitations?
d. Both b and c are correct.

10.The unstandardized coefficients are multiplied by the values of the variables. These
products are summed and added to the constant term to obtain the _____.
a. discriminant function coefficients
b. classification matrix
c. discriminant scores
d. canonical correlation

11.What does it mean if the discriminant function is estimated and the square of the
canonical correlation is .64?
a. 64% of the variance in the dependent variable is explained by the model.
b. The null hypothesis is not rejected. Therefore, there is no significant discrimination
between groups.
c. 64% of the explained variance is accounted for.
d. b and c are correct

12.If you are using the leave-out option of SPSS, you are at the _____ step of
discriminant analysis.
a. estimate the discriminant coefficients
b. determine the significance of the discriminant function
c. interpret the results
d. assess validity of discriminant analysis
13.A _____ is a tool for assessing discriminant analysis results that plots the group
membership of each case on a graph.
a. characteristic profile
b. scatter gram
c. territorial map
d. pie chart

14.Discriminant analysis can be conducted via all of the following except:

a. SPSS
b. EXCEL
c. MINITAB
d. SAS

15.The correlation coefficient is used to determine:

a. A specific value of the y-variable given a specific value of the x-variable

b. A specific value of the x-variable given a specific value of the y-variable
c. The strength of the relationship between the x and y variables
d. None of these

16.If there is a very strong correlation between two variables, then the correlation
coefficient must be

a. any value larger than 1

b. much smaller than 0, if the correlation is negative
c. much larger than 0, regardless of whether the correlation is negative or positive
d. None of these alternatives is correct.

17.In regression, the equation that describes how the response variable (y) is related to the
explanatory variable (x) is:

a. the correlation model

b. the regression model
c. used to compute the correlation coefficient
d. None of these alternatives is correct.

18.Regression modelling is a statistical framework for developing a mathematical equation that

describes how

a. one explanatory and one or more response variables are related

b. several explanatory and several response variables response are related
c. one response and one or more explanatory variables are related
d. All of these are correct.

19.In regression analysis, the variable that is being predicted is the

a. response, or dependent, variable
b. independent variable
c. intervening variable
d. is usually x

20.In least squares regression, which of the following is not a required assumption about the error
term ?

a. The expected value of the error term is one.

b. The variance of the error term is the same for all values of x.
c. The values of the error term are independent.
d. The error term is normally distributed.

21. Larger values of r2 (R2) imply that the observations are more closely grouped about the

a. average value of the independent variables

b. average value of the dependent variable
c. least squares line
d. origin

22. The coefficient of correlation

a. is the square of the coefficient of determination

b. is the square root of the coefficient of determination
c. is the same as r-square
d. can never be negative

23.In regression analysis, the variable that is used to explain the change in the outcome of an
experiment, or some natural process, is called

a. the x-variable
b. the independent variable
c. the predictor variable
d. the explanatory variable

24.In the case of an algebraic model for a straight line, if a value for the x variable is specified, then

a. the exact value of the response variable can be computed

b. the computed response to the independent value will always give a minimal residual
c. the computed value of y will always be the best estimate of the mean response
d. none of these alternatives is correct.

25.If the coefficient of determination is a positive value, then the regression equation

a. must have a positive slope

b. must have a negative slope
c. could have either a positive or a negative slope
d. must have a positive y intercept

26. If two variables, x and y, have a very strong linear relationship, then

a. there is evidence that x causes a change in y

b. there is evidence that y causes a change in x
c. there might not be any causal relationship between x and y
d. None of these alternatives is correct.

27.If the coefficient of determination is equal to 1, then the correlation coefficient

a. must also be equal to 1
b. can be either -1 or +1
c. can be any value between -1 to +1
d. must be -1

28. In regression analysis, if the independent variable is measured in kilograms, the dependent
variable
a. must also be in kilograms
b. must be in some unit of weight
c. cannot be in kilograms
d. can be any units
29.If the correlation coefficient is a positive value, then the slope of the regression line

a. must also be positive

b. can be either negative or positive
c. can be zero
d. can not be zero

30. If the coefficient of determination is 0.81, the correlation coefficient

a. is 0.6561
b. could be either + 0.9 or - 0.9
c. must be positive
d. must be negative

31. A fitted least squares regression line

a. may be used to predict a value of y if the corresponding x value is given

b. is evidence for a cause-effect relationship between x and y
c. can only be computed if a strong linear relationship exists between x and y
d. None of these alternatives is correct.

32.When referencing other works you have cited within the text of the report you should
a.  State the first and last name of the author
b.  Use the author, date citation method
c.  Use an asterisk and a footnote
d.  Insert the complete citation in parenthesis

33. Which of the following abbreviations can be used in a research report?

a.   IQ
b.   sec. for second
c.   yr. for year
d.  mo. for month

34.Editorial style specifies that ______ should be used infrequently or sparingly.

a.   Italics
b.   Abbreviations
c.   Headings
d.   Both a and b

35.The factor that should determine whether you decide to prepare a research report of you
study for a conference or for publication is
a.   Whether the study is free from flaws
b.   Whether the study is important enough to justify presentation or publication
c.   Whether others would be interested in the work
d.   All of the above

36.Which of the following is not true about the use of language in research reports?
a.  You should choose accurate and clear words that are free from bias.
b.  You should avoid labeling people whenever possible
c.  You should avoid using the term “subjects” whenever possible
d.  All of the above are true according to the APA Guidelines
37.Which of the following is not one of the seven major parts to the research report?
a.  Results
b.  Abstract
c.  Method
d.  Footnotes

38.The abstract should be about how many words?

a.  50
b.  75
c.  120
d.  300

39.It is in this section that you fully interpret and evaluate your results.
a.  Introduction
b.  Method
c.  Results
d.  Discussion

40.Where do you provide a step-by-step account of what the researcher and participants did
during the research study?
a.  Introduction
b.  Abstract
c.  Procedure
d.  Design

41. Which of the following is a form of research typically conducted by teachers, counsellors,
and other professionals to answer questions they have and to specifically help them solve
local problems?
a. action research
b. basic research
c. predictive research
d. orientation research

42. How much confidence should you place in a single research study?
a. you should completely trust a single research study.
b. you should trust research findings after different researchers have found the same
findings
c. neither a nor b
d. both a and b

43.The development of a solid foundation of reliable knowledge typically is built from which

type of research?
a. basic research
b. action research
c. evaluation research
d. orientation research

44. Which form of reasoning is the process of drawing a specific conclusion from a set of
premises?
a. rationalism
b. deductive reasoning
c. inductive reasoning
d. probabilistic
45.The idea that when selecting between two different theories with equal explanatory value,
one should select the theory that is the most simple, concise, and succinct is known as
____________.
a. criterion of falsifiability
b. critical theory
c. guide of simplicity
d. rule of parsimony

46. Research that is done to examine the findings of someone else using the "same
variables but different people" is which of the following?
a. exploration
b. hypothesis
c. replication
d. empiricism

47. ________________ is the idea that knowledge comes from experience.

a. rationalism
b. deductive reasoning
c. logic
d. empiricism

48. According to your text, what are the five key objectives of science?
a. prediction, summary, conclusion, explanation, description
b. influence, prediction, questions, exploration, answers
c. exploration, description, explanation, prediction, influence
d. questions, answers, prediction, explanation, summary

49.A researcher designs an experiment to test how variables interact to influence how well
children learn spelling words. In this case, the main purpose of the study was:
a.  Explanation
b.  Description
c.  Influence
d.  Prediction

50.Which type of validity refers to the degree to which you can infer that the relationship
between two variables is causal?
a. Internal validity
b. Population validity
c. Ecological validity
d. Statistical conclusion validity