VBA Readme
VBA Readme
VBA Readme
Table of Contents
Introduction................................................................................................................................................1
The authors............................................................................................................................................1
The reason.............................................................................................................................................1
Term definitions....................................................................................................................................2
Resources...............................................................................................................................................2
Prerequisites..........................................................................................................................................3
Disclaimer.............................................................................................................................................3
Installing the VBA package.......................................................................................................................4
How to use the VBA package....................................................................................................................5
Getting an overview of VBA.................................................................................................................5
Getting an overview of the VBA protocols...........................................................................................6
Understanding the tools and resources..................................................................................................7
Designing a therapy plan.......................................................................................................................8
Automating therapy planning...........................................................................................................9
Conducting the therapy.......................................................................................................................10
The content of the VBA package.............................................................................................................11
VBA.xls...............................................................................................................................................14
Reading VBA.xls............................................................................................................................14
Understanding VBA.xls..................................................................................................................15
VBA Protocols.xls...............................................................................................................................15
VBA.mpp............................................................................................................................................16
Reading VBA.mpp.........................................................................................................................16
Changing VBA.mpp.......................................................................................................................16
Developing a therapy plan..............................................................................................................17
VBA Videos.xls...................................................................................................................................17
Language-specific material......................................................................................................................18
Available languages............................................................................................................................18
Other languages...................................................................................................................................18
Merging languages..............................................................................................................................18
Future development..................................................................................................................................19
Summary..................................................................................................................................................20
History......................................................................................................................................................20
VBA Readme
Introduction
This document is part of a package of resources (spreadsheets, project files, PDFs, tools) that together
act as a kit for applying Verbal Behavior Analysis.
Verbal Behavior Analysis (VBA) is a method of inducing language in children with speech delays.
The authors
We are the parents of a child diagnosed with a mild form of autism. Through intensive ABA training
our child has made good progress but his language was still lagging behind. We switched to VBA as a
treatment for our son's speech delay and the speed of development has grown tremendously. We
compiled the materials contained by this package for our son's treatment corresponding to the stage of
Basic Listener and Basic Speaker.
More information about us as well as how we use VBA for our son's speech delay can be extracted
from our blog at http://mariusfilip.blogspot.com.
The reason
Verbal Behavior Analysis (VBA) is the latest treatment available in the public domain falling into the
field of applied Verbal Behavior. The cornerstone book of VBA is Verbal Behavior Analysis by R.
Douglas Greer and Denise E. Ross.
While being of immense value to parents and therapists, the VBA book is difficult to read partly
because the material itself is difficult. This package attempts to address this issue by presenting the
same information into a more accessible format and from different angles. Also, VBA requires a
significant amount of supporting materials. At this time, the VBA package contains ready-to-use
materials for a certain number of protocols.
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VBA Readme
Term definitions
Before proceeding any further, here are some definitions we will use throughout this document:
• Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) is the science of analyzing and modifying behavior based
on the principles of behaviorism.
• Lovaas ABA is the basic technique for treating autism, rooted in ABA and pioneered by Ivar
Lovaas.
• Verbal Behavior (VB) is the theory of communication between living organisms created by B.
F. Skinner. According to this theory, human language is a behavior serving functional
purposes. It appears to be shaped in the same way as all the other human behaviors.
• Verbal Operants are, according to the VB theory, the basic means by which the verbal
behavior responds to or modifies the environment. The verbal operants offer a functional view
upon language. This functional view is further used and expanded by VBA to treat speech
delays.
• The Verbal Behavior Approach to ABA (ABA/VB) is the application of VB principles to
Lovaas ABA techniques. ABA/VB was pioneered by Mark L. Sundberg and James W.
Partington. ABA/VB recognizes and makes use of verbal operants to induce, correct and
expand speech in children with autism.
• Verbal Behavior Analysis (VBA) is the technique put together by R. Douglas Greer. It builds
upon ABA/VB in order to address the issue of language in a more broad and thorough manner.
The novelty of VBA consists in verbal stages and verbal components.
• The VBA book refers to Verbal Behavior Analysis by R. Douglas Greer and Denise E. Ross
(ISBN-10: 0205458378, ISBN-13: 978-0205458370).
Resources
Anyone using this package needs the following resources:
• Verbal Behavior Analysis by R. Douglas Greer and Denise E. Ross (ISBN-10: 0205458378,
ISBN-13: 978-0205458370) is a must have.
• Verbal Behavior by B. F. Skinner (ISBN-10: 0874115914, ISBN-13: 978-0874115918) is
useful to understand the underlying theory beneath ABA/VB and VBA.
• Teaching Language to Children with Autism or Other Developmental Disabilities by
Mark L. Sundberg (ISBN-10: 0968098509, ISBN-13: 978-0968098509) is useful to
understand ABA/VB which VBA is based on.
• The Verbal Behavior Approach: How To Teach Children with Autism and Related
Disorders by Mary Barbera and Tracy Rasmussen is a more accessible account on what
ABA/VB is.
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Prerequisites
Anyone using this package should also have knowledge about the following:
• The techniques of ABA.
• How to use Microsoft Excel (for VBA.xls, VBA Protocols.xls, etc).
• How to read Microsoft Project files (for VBA.mpp).
• How to manage a project in Microsoft Project (for further development of VBA.mpp).
Disclaimer
The information in this package does not represent the opinion of any specialist in the field of ABA,
ABA/VB or VBA and is not endorsed by any such specialist. No BCBA and no other kind of specialist
has proofread the documents. The authors or editors of the VBA book have not subscribed to our
interpretation of their work.
If you decide to use the information presented herein you may do it solely on your responsibility and
risk. We cannot be held responsible for any consequences derived from the application of the
information herein and we provide this information AS IS with no warranty expressed or implied.
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The image above shows that the Sensory Matching protocol has additional support in the package.
You should check each protocol for such support.
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VBA.xls
VBA.xls, along with VBA Protocols.xls, is the centerpiece of the package. It contains the distilled
information of the VBA book with a focus on functionality. That is, we extracted from the VBA book
what is necessary to design a treatment plan while leaving behind other information (such as
experimental results and statistic data).
Reading VBA.xls
There are several software products that can be used to read VBA.xls:
• Microsoft Excel XP or later. This is the best option since VBA.xls was created with this
product.
• Microsoft Excel Viewer that can be downloaded for free from www.microsoft.com. This
product cannot modify Excel files.
• Calc of the OpenOffice.org package that can be downloaded for free from
www.openoffice.org. There are occasional incompatibilities between OpenOffice.org and xls
files.
If none of the products from above are available, someone can simply read VBA.pdf instead of
VBA.xls.
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Understanding VBA.xls
VBA.xls contains the following sheets:
• Glossary is a collection of terms. Since the VBA book is not consistent in how it names various
entities, we thought that such glossary is necessary. OBS: one should not overlook the glossary
existing in the book itself!
• Milestones contains the verbal milestones. According to VBA, people with speech delays must
parse a certain set of verbal milestones, in a certain order, to acquire language. It is theorized
that people without speech delays go through the same milestones, but further research is
needed in this direction.
• Components contains the verbal components of the milestones. A verbal component is a
collection of verbal abilities which have been detected through VBA research to have key
importance in the development of an individual.
• Prerequisites contains the dependencies among the verbal components. The goal of VBA
treatment is to induce the verbal components in the order dictated by these dependencies.
• Protocols contains the procedures to induce the verbal components. VBA names such
procedures protocols. Protocols are to VBA what programs are to Lovaas ABA. Because the
protocols are dispersed throughout the book, the rightmost column contains the pages
containing each procedure.
• Generic Protocols contains the protocol patterns that VBA uses in various particular forms.
Unlike ABA programs, VBA protocols are not standalone. Each protocol is an instance of a
pattern. We call these patterns generic protocols and document them into their own sheet within
VBA.xls.
VBA Protocols.xls
VBA Protocols.xls is a companion for VBA.xls, as it details each of the VBA protocols. It is intended
to be used by the VBA therapists for quickly refreshing their memory while preparing the VBA
sessions for their students.
Understanding VBA Protocols.xls is easy: each protocol occupies one sheet whereas the first sheet
contains a summary of all. While VBA Protocols.xls is explicit enough, it is strongly recommended to
refer to the Verbal Behavior Analysis book when first parsing it.
The sheet named Resources contains the resources we used to compile VBA Protocols.xls.
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VBA.mpp
This is a Microsoft Project file that may be used as a starting point to develop a fully fledged therapy
plan.
Someone may use the following software products to read and/or change VBA.mpp:
• Microsoft Project, version 2003 or later. This is the best option since VBA.mpp was created
with Microsoft Project 2003.
• One of the many mpp viewers available. OBS: viewers do not allow changing VBA.mpp.
• OpenProj that can be downloaded for free from http://openproj.org. This is a replacement of
Microsoft Project, although there may be incompatibilities between OpenProj and some
elements in mpp files.
Reading VBA.mpp
The structure of the file is the following (each bullet represents a layer of nodes in the task tree):
• Total is the root of the task tree. Use it to monitor the total amount of necessary work, the work
remained, the total duration of the project and so on.
◦ The second layer corresponds to the verbal stages: pre-listener, listener, speaker, speaker-
listener exchanges with others, speaker as own listener, reader, writer, writer as own
reader, verbally mediated problem solver.
▪ The third layer corresponds to verbal components or, in some cases, to groupings of
components into basic/advanced.
• The fourth layer corresponds to those verbal components gathered into the
basic/advanced groupings from above.
Besides the work breakdown structure (WBS) from above, VBA.mpp interlinks the tasks
corresponding to verbal components according to the Prerequisites sheet of VBA.xls.
Changing VBA.mpp
The tasks corresponding to verbal components are the “leaves” of the project tree. When transforming
VBA.mpp into a therapy plan, these tasks need to get broken into smaller sub-tasks, corresponding to
protocols.
One has to keep the following in mind when breaking down the leaf tasks into smaller pieces:
• After breaking a task corresponding to a verbal component, assign working resources, amount
of work and duration to each new leaf task.
• After breaking all the desired tasks, carry out a project leveling in order to obtain a schedule for
the next period.
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The development of the therapy plan doesn't have to take place at once. It is better to develop a little,
apply the developed therapy, develop a little more, apply the newly developed therapy, and so on.
Thanks to the excellent leveling capability of Microsoft Project, one can change or extend the plan
while the therapy project is under way.
VBA Videos.xls
This file contains lists of links to video feeds published on the internet. These feeds are elevant to
Verbal Behavior.
The only source of videos, to this date (11/30/08) is YouTube. Future sources will receive a separate
worksheet in the document.
The video feeds get categorized in a way relevant to Verbal Behavior. The categories are self-
explanatory. To this date (11/30/08), there are 71 minutes of video in total which provide a good head
start.
The quality varies with each feed – meaning that some of them are suboptimal. For optimal results I
recommend seeking better and professionally edited video aids, such as the DVDs sold by Different
Roads to Learning.
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Language-specific material
Verbal behavior involves speech, hence it is inherently language-dependent. Because the sound files
are particularly big, we decided to build separate packages, one for each language.
Available languages
We provide packages for two languages, one for Romanian (ro) and the other one English (en):
• The Romanian package is complete and it may be used out of the box1.
• The English package is only partially complete. Although fluent in English, we are not native
speakers of that language hence we did not record language-specific sound files.
The English package needs the following elements in order to become complete:
• Sound files recorded by a native speaker. We believe that the sounds in the VBA language
packs should reflect the true reality of language in order to help a child with speech disabilities.
• The set of paronymic words extracted from a dictionary of paronyms of the English language.
If you are an English native speaker and you are willing to contribute to the completion of the English
package, or if you want to contribute to the package for another language, please contact us. You can
find contact information from the profile found at http://mariusfilip.blogspot.com.
Other languages
It is possible to create packages for other languages. This is a two step process:
1. Create the directory structure for the new language. Use the MakeLang.cmd utility from
.\support\tools for this purpose.
2. Populate the directories with the necessary file.
The best way is to download an existing and complete package, take a look at it and try to duplicate the
content for your language.
To remove an existing language use the DelLang.cmd utility from .\support\tools.
Merging languages
It is possible to have two or more languages on the same computer: download the packages for each
language and unzip them into the same directory. The common part will get overwritten while the
language-specific part will get placed at language-specific location.
1 We will add more sounds over time, tough. Each addition will generate a new minor version of the packages.
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Future development
This package will evolve over time. Future versions will contain:
• Material for the Advanced Speaker stages of the VBA therapy.
• Minor fixes and improvements.
In order to mark the differences between various versions, the packages receive a version marker in the
form of .MM.m where M is the major version number, preceded by 0 if smaller than 10 and m is the
minor version number. The major versions start at 01 and the minor versions start at 0.
Example: Verbal Behavior Analysis.en.03.1.zip represents the second (1+1) minor
version occurring after the third major version of the VBA package for English.
The above mentioned scheme is the simple and effective while being already familiar to people who
use versioned software.
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Summary
This document is an introduction to the VBA package crafted by the parents of an autistic child. The
package is a collection of files that present, in a more accessible manner, the information that's within
the VBA book along with other useful resources.
The user of the package receives several Microsoft Excel files containing essential information on the
VBA book, their PDF equivalents, a Microsoft Project file that can be used as a starting point to
develop a fully fledged therapy plan, as well as a list of video feeds on the internet relevant to Verbal
Behavior. In addition, the user gets supporting materials like sound files, image files, predefined
sessions as well as internally developed software tools accompanied by users' guides.
This package with evolve over time. The naming convention of the successive versions follows the
generally accepted rules of versioning used by the software industry.
History
11/21/08 VBA Readme.pdf finished, VBA 01.0.zip ready for release.
11/27/08 Added VBA Videos.xls and pdf. Renamed the package into Verbal Behavior
Analysis.xx.x.zip.
11/30/08 Added information about BigMack software. Detailed the usage of VBA
Videos.xls. Added references to Different Roads to Learning.
12/29/08 Major change for ver. 2.0. Many new files added, added How-To section,
added references to language packs, etc.
12/31/08 Eliminated separate language packs, created entire language-specific packages.
01/25/09 Added reference to .\support\pictures.
09/06/09 Major change for ver. 4.0. Redesigned “How to use the VBA package”.
Removed the old stuff. Introduced future reference about Advanced Speaker.
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