CIGARETTE SMOKING BEHAVIOR AND THE FACTORS

AMONG THE STUDENTS OF IPIL NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

S.Y. 2022-2023

A RESEARCH REPRESENTED

TO THE FACULTY OF SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL IPIL

NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT FOR THE REQUIREMENTS

IN PRACTICAL

RESEARCH 1 – QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

BY:

HENRY O. BIGNO

JEFRI C. ESMAIL

ROMEL B. FERNANDEZ

OWENSON E. HERNAN
 DEDICATION

We would like to dedicate our research to our parents who are continuously supporting us

in doing this research.

We also to dedicate our work to our teachers, who teach us all the methods and strategies

in making a research paper.

Lastly to our almighty God for giving the courage and strength to compile this research

paper.
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We wish to extend our most profound gratitude and appreciation to the following:

To our parents who supporting us in terms of financial and moral support. And also they

motivated us to compile all the content of our research.

To our teacher in Practical Research 1 who has a long patience to teach and correct our

work. And also motivating us in compiling all the content of our research. To our classmates

who help us in answering some of our survey questionnaire.

Above all, the author gave all the glory and honor to his creator and savior in the success

of this worthwhile endeavor.

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND STUDY

Cigarette smoking is one of the dangerous habits of people. Cigarette smoking is a

serious health threat to youth and young adults. Young adults’ behavior is a problem that cannot

be regarded as trivial. The issue however, is that many individuals around this age end up

starting a habit that should have never been started. Everyone has a choice, but there are such a

thing as making the wrong choice. Smoking is the wrong choice, and there is numerous reason

why.

Youth smoking leads to limited, subnormal, or stunted lung development. Youth

smoking could even lead to becoming an adult with lungs which have not develop to full

capacity. Teenagers lungs was not too strong enough for smoking. They have a possibility to

have some lung and heart disease, early signs of heart disease and stroke are detected in young

people who smoke.

This study will identify what are the factors that may influence the students to smoke.

Specifically, this study aims to answer the following questions;

1. What are the effects of smoking to the behavior of students?

2. What are the factors related to smoking behavior?

This study will be beneficial to the following;

School administrator

As the school principal, it will guide him to help the students to realize the important of their

health. Furthermore, it will guide him to make prevention about this said issue.

Parents

This research will save as an eye open when it was to the reasons to their children on why

they take cigarette, and help them to understand and guide their children.

Students

This will give them knowledge the cigarette, if they are ready one of those people who

are involved in this said issue, will gave a wereness on what will be the effect of using it in their

health.
SCOPE AND DELIMITATION OF THE STUDY
 CHAPTER II

THEORETICAL AND CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

This study presents the related literature of our research about cigarette smoking.

Review of Related Literature and Studies

Cigarette smoking

According to Xu & Chen (2016), they stated that tobacco use is one of the greatest

public health problems worldwide and the hazards of cigarette smoking to public health call for

better recognition of cigarette smoking behaviors to guide evidence-base policy. Protection

motivation theory (PMT) provides a conceptual framework to investigated tobacco use.

Evidences from diverse sources implies that the dynamics of smoking behavior maybe quantum

in nature, consisting of an intuition and an analytical process, challenging the traditional linear

continuous analytical approach in this study, we use cusp catastrophe, a non linear analytical

approach to test the dual process hypothesis of cigarette smoking.

Cigarette smoking is recognized globally as one of the most preventable causes for

morbidity and premature death. Tobacco is killed about 6 million people a year and

approximately 5 million of those death results from direct tobacco use. Furthermore, more than

600,000 innocents non smokers died from exposure to second-hand. More seriously, the death

resulting from smoking expected to increase to more than 8 a year by 2030. China is a biggest
country of tabacco production and consumer in the world and the great hazard of cigarette

smoking to public calls for better reorganization of cigarette smoking behavior and more

effective prevention and intervention policies.

Ershler et al. (1989),Chassin et al.(1990), and Escobedo et al.(1993) have shown that smoking

initiation during adolescence increases the likelihood of continued smoking during young

adulthood and smoking during young adulthood also decreases the chance of quitting. A national

survey based in US observed that high school students who had smoked cigarettes more often

and in greater quantity during childhood are at an increased risk of becoming long-term smokers

than those who initiate smoking in adolescence. Pierce et al.(1991) reported that the large

majority of long-term smokers take up smoking during the ages 10–25 year. Through smoking,

most young people show their power and importance. They smoke ultimately to express the

thought that they have moved into adulthood. Escobedo et al. (1993) suggested that some may

smoke to adhere to their social group, hence, developing their own social network. Another

reason for youth to adopt smoking as a habit is the feeling of insecurity. According to Ershler et

al. (1989), Pierce et al.(1991) and Escobedo et al.(1993), they smoke to resolve mental stress

and other emotional problems. In spite knowing that tobacco is highly addictive, youths tend to

overlook or believe they will never get lung cancer or heart problems because they were

relatively young and healthy. The Theory of Triadic Influence stipulates that factors from three

different levels of contacts can influence youth smoking onset: individual characteristics (eg age

and gender), characteristics in the immediate social environment surrounding youth (eg friends

and family members) and characteristics in the broader social environment surrounding youth

(eg school community) as documented by Koushki and Bustan (2006). The Collaborative

Funding Program for Southeast Asia Tobacco Control Research (2009) suggested that
identifying subgroups of youth who may be at greater risk than others to develop a nicotine habit

is an important step forward in preventing smoking initiation, and controlling tobacco use.

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

Classical conditioning, whereby a person learns to associate two previously unrelated stimuli

(e.g., Pavlov’s famous experiments in which dogs learned to associate the sound of a bell with

food).3 In terms of smoking, a person can learn to associate smoking with other feelings and

events (such as being in a stressful situation or having a coffee) and these situations then

automatically induce cravings and ‘cue’ his or her smoking behaviour.4

Operant conditioning, which posits that behaviour is shaped by its consequences (i.e., reward or

punishment).5 When nicotine is inhaled, it causes a rapid release of dopamine, in turn causing

feelings of pleasure that reward and reinforce the behaviour. This pleasure and reinforcement

drive the process of addiction.4

Behavioural modification approaches to smoking cessation are underpinned by these principles.

Behavioural approaches to cessation focus on changing habits and patterns that cue smoking,

replacing smoking with a different, more desirable behaviour, rewarding abstinence, and

emphasising the immediate and longer term benefits of quitting. A review of behavioural

interventions for smoking cessation found that most report moderate success in quitting at six

months.6 (See Section 7.13).

NAME: JEFRI C. ESMAIL

ADDRESS: P.R.K GREEN HILLS, BRGY: TERSO BARBIERA , IPIL ZAMBOANGA

SIBUGAY

DATE OF BIRTH: SEP. 13,2003

PARENTS:PAULINE C. ESMAIL, LUCMAN F. ESMAIL

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

ELEMENTARY:SILINGAN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL (R.T. LIM)

AWARDS: ACHIEVERS

YEAR GRADUATED:2014-2015

JUINOIR HIGH SCHOOL:IPIL NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

AWARDS: ACHIEVERS

YEAR GRADUATED:2020-2021

CAREER PLAN

COURSE TO TAKE:ENGINEERING

SCHOOL:(WMSU) WESTERN MINDANAO STATE UNIVERSITY

MOTTO: GOD IS GOOD

PERSONAL DATA

NAME:HENRY O. BIGNO JR.

DATE OF BIRTH:JAN. 01, 2006

PLACE OF BIRTH:DONIALOS BULUAN (R.T.LIM)

PARENTS: ANGUILINE O. BIGNO,HENRY P. BIGNO SR.

EDUCATIONAL BACK GROUND

ELEMENTASR.SANITO ELEMENTARY SCHOOL

AWARDS:CONDUCT AWARD,LOYALTY AWARD

YEAR GRADUATED:2014-2015

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL:IPIL NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

AWARDS: ACHIEVERS

YEAR GRADUATED: 2020-2021

CAREER PLAN

COURSE TO TAKE:ARMY

SCHOOL:( U.Z) UNIVERSIDAD DE ZAMBOANGA

MOTTO: TO SEE IS TO BELIEVE

PERSONAL DATA
NAME: RODEL D. POQUITA

ADDRESS: PUROK UNO VETERANS VILLAGE IPIL Z.S.

PLACE OF BIRTH: IPIL Z.S.

DATE OF BIRTH: 09,09,2006

PARENTS: ANABELLE D. POQUITA,ROGELIO Q. POQUITA

EDUCATIONAL BACK GROUND

ELEMENTARY: LUIS RUIS ELEMENTARY SCHOOL

AWARDS: HONORS

YEAR GRADUATED: 2014-2015

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL: IPIL NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

AWARDS: HONEST

YEAR GRADUATED: 2020-2021

CAREER PLAN

COURSE TO TAKE: ARMY

SCHOOL: MATHEW JACKSON

MOTTO:EVERY MISTAKE CAN BE A LESSON

NAME:OWENSON E. HERNAN

ADDRESS:VETERANCE, VILLAGE, IPIL Z.S.

PLACE OF BIRTH: IPIL Z.S.

DATE OF BIRTH: FEBRUARY 06, 2005

PARENTS: MARJORIE HERNAN, RONALDO HERNAN

EDUCATIONAL BACK GROUND

ELEMENTARY: DON ANDDRESS ELEMENTARY CENTER

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL: IPIL NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

YEAR GRADUATED: 2020-2021

CAREER PLAN

COURSE TO TAKE: B.F.P

SCHOOL: ( S.T.I.I) SIBUGAY TECHNICAL INSTITUTE INC.

MOTTO: TO SEE IS TO BELIEVE

NAME:ROMEL B. FERNANDEZ

ADDRESS:P.R.K. MORNING GLORY DON ADDRESS IPIL Z.S.

DATE OF BIRTH:DECEMBER 18, 2005

PLACE OF BIRTH: BUTACAL PANAY CAPIZ

PARENTS: MARITES B. FERNANDEZ,ROGER S. FERNANDEZ

EDUCATIONAL BACK GROUND

ELEMENTARY: DON ANDRESS ELEMENTARY

YEAR GRADUATED: 2014-2015

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL: IPIL NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

YEAR GRADUATED: 2020-2021

CAREER PLAN

COURSE TO TAKE: SEAMAN

SCHOOL: TREDE

MOTTO: NOTHING IS IMPOSSIBLE