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    Spill Volume Estimation

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    benarous
    This document provides guidance on estimating spill volumes in various scenarios: 1) For oil in or on soils, retention can be estimated based on soil type and viscosity, ranging from 3-20% for crude oil in silt to 0-5% in gravel. 2) For oil on ice and snow, field data shows holding capacities up to 1,600 barrels per acre, and equations are provided to estimate volume based on area and thickness. 3) For oil on water, thickness can be estimated based on color and equations given to calculate volume based on area and thickness.

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    Spill Volume Estimation

    Uploaded by

    benarous
    279 views1 page
    This document provides guidance on estimating spill volumes in various scenarios: 1) For oil in or on soils, retention can be estimated based on soil type and viscosity, ranging from 3-20% for crude oil in silt to 0-5% in gravel. 2) For oil on ice and snow, field data shows holding capacities up to 1,600 barrels per acre, and equations are provided to estimate volume based on area and thickness. 3) For oil on water, thickness can be estimated based on color and equations given to calculate volume based on area and thickness.

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    This document provides guidance on estimating spill volumes in various scenarios: 1) For oil in or on soils, retention can be estimated based on soil type and viscosity, ranging from 3-20% for crude oil in silt to 0-5% in gravel. 2) For oil on ice and snow, field data shows holding capacities up to 1,600 barrels per acre, and equations are provided to estimate volume based on area and thickness. 3) For oil on water, thickness can be estimated based on color and equations given to calculate volume based on area and thickness.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    279 views1 page

    Spill Volume Estimation

    Uploaded by

    benarous
    This document provides guidance on estimating spill volumes in various scenarios: 1) For oil in or on soils, retention can be estimated based on soil type and viscosity, ranging from 3-20% for crude oil in silt to 0-5% in gravel. 2) For oil on ice and snow, field data shows holding capacities up to 1,600 barrels per acre, and equations are provided to estimate volume based on area and thickness. 3) For oil on water, thickness can be estimated based on color and equations given to calculate volume based on area and thickness.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 1

    TACTIC T-7 Spill Volume Estimation Spill Volume Estimation TACTIC T-7

    NOTE: “Base Location” is storage location (may change seasonally); “Mobe Time” is time to get it out of storage, prepare it for
    operation, and make it ready to travel (concurrent for all equipment); “Deploy Time” is time to make it operational for its intended use
    at the spill site. These times do not include travel time from base to spill site, which may have multiple components (see Tactic L-3).
    SPILL VOLUME ESTIMATION ESTIMATING SPILL SOURCE VOLUMES AND FLOW RATES
    OIL IN OR ON SOILS
    LEAK RATE CALCULATIONS
    • It is difficult to estimate the amount and extent of subsurface pollution from hydrocarbons spilled
    and trapped in soil. One drop/second = 1 gallon per day
    • Hydrocarbons in soil may exist in three phases:
    Thin stream breaking to drops = 24 gallons per day
    – As vapors within the pore spaces
    – As residual liquid attached to or trapped between soil particles Small stream (about 1/8 inch) = 84 gallons per day
    – As dissolved components of oil in moisture surrounding soil particles
    Large stream (about 1/4 inch) = 936 gallons per day
    • Generally, oil retention increases with: decreasing grain size, poorer sorting of soils, and increas-
    ing oil viscosity. A simple rule of thumb is to divide 10,000 by the number of seconds it takes to fill a five-gallon pail.
    • Oil retention of initially water-saturated soils is generally lower than for initially dry soils.
    • The “retention capacity” factor for different types of soils provides an estimate of volume of liquid
    retained per unit pore volume. Following are rules of thumb for retention capacity of soil types: ESTIMATES FOR CAPACITY

    Silt Sand Gravel • Pipeline per linear foot


    Crude Oil 12% - 20% 4% - 13% 0% - 5% – For volume in gallons per foot: square the inside diameter (in inches) and multiply by 4 percent (0.04)
    – For volume in barrels per foot: square the inside diameter (in inches) and divide by 1,000
    Diesel 7% - 12% 2% - 8% 0% - 2%
    – To find the volume of a pipeline in barrels per mile: square the inside diameter (in inches) and multiply by
    Gasoline 3% - 7% 1% - 5% 0% - 1% 5.13

    • For vertical cylindrical tanks:


    OIL ON ICE AND SNOW
    V (gal) = 0.0034 d (in.) x d (in.) x h (in.)
    • Field experience and data from actual spills indicate that oil-holding capacities of ice and snow V (gal) = 5.88 D (ft) x D (ft) x H (ft)
    range as high as 1,600 barrels per acre.
    • Equations for estimates: where d = diameter in inches
    V (bbl) = (4.14 x 105) x A (mi2) x t (in.) D = diameter in feet
    V (bbl) = 647 x A (acres) x t (in) h = height of liquid in inches
    V (bbl) = (1.48 x 10-2) x A (ft2) x t (in.) H = height of liquid in feet
    V (gal) = 42 x V (bbl)
    V = Volume of oil spill
    A = Area of oil slick or contaminated zone
    t = Thickness of oil slick or contaminated zone (with snow, t = equivalent oil thickness)

    OIL ON WATER

    • Oil Color
    – Sheen (silver-gray): Use 10-6 inch as average thickness
    – Iridescent (blue green): Use 10-4 to 10-5 inch as average thickness NOTE:
    – Blue-black (aged, wind-blown): Use 10-2 to 10-3 as average thickness
    The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration publishes an observer’s guide that contains more informa-
    – Blue-black (fresh/equilibrium conditions): Use 10-1 inch as average thickness tion on estimating oil spill volumes.
    – Emulsion (brown/ “chocolate mousse”): Use 10-1 inch as average “oil” thickness (actually 2 to
    3 x 10-1 inch with 50% to 70% water).

    • Equations for estimates:


    V (bbl) = 4.14 x 105 A (mi2) x t (inches)
    V (bbl) = 647 A (acres) x t (inches)
    V (bbl) = 1.48 x 10-2 A (ft2) x t (inches)
    V (gal) = 0.624 A (ft2) x t (inches)

    NOTE: All values given on these pages are for planning purposes only. NOTE: All values given on these pages are for planning purposes only.
    ACS Tech. Manual Vol. 1, 3/1/99 ACS Tech. Manual Vol. 1, 3/1/99

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