Pancha Suktam

Sincere Thanks To
1. Smt Kalyani Krishnamachari for translating into English the Tamil text on Purusha sUkta commentary
by u.vE.SrI Melma Raghavan svAmi available in the appendices.
2. SrI Srinivasan Narayanan for addition of Sanskrit texts, transliteration in English and proof reading text
3. Neduntheru SrI Mukund Srinivasan, SrI Kausik Sarathy, SrI V.C.Govindarajan for images
4. Smt Jayashree Muralidharan for cover design and eBook assembly
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Table of contents
Introduction : 1
purusha sUkta mantrams and comments : 3
mudgala upanishat : 27
purusha sUkta nyAsam : 33
purusha sUkta mantrArtha nirupaNam : 37
Appendices : 41
mudgala upanishat mantram : 43
PuruSha sUktam ‐ Tamil Commentaries by nyAya sAhitya shiromaNi : 49
ubhayavedAnta vidvAn shrI mElmA. Narasimha tAtAcArya svAmi
Translation into English of SrI. u. ve vidvAn shrI mElmA Narasimha tAtacArya svAmi‘s : 55
Tamil commentaries by Smt. KalyANi KrshNamAcAri

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‘parama purushan’ ‐ SrI devi, BhU devi sameta SrI PeraruLALa perumAL ‐ Tirukkacchi
(Thanks: SrI Kausik Sarathy)
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Foreword
W ho we are, how did we arrive here, what is the purpose of our lives here, what happens after
our life in this material world are questions that have swirled around the minds of human beings from time
immemorial and continue to attract the attention of the finest thinkers to gain insights. Wise men from
India have reflected on these questions from their homes in deep forests at the foot hills of Himalayas; the
particle physicists at CERN backed up by their costly and powerful Hadron colliders have been looking for
answers to some of these profound questions about the origin of the material Universe from the astro and
particle physics point of view. Their focus has been on the material universe alone. Vedanta on the other
hand looks beyond the material (“Cosmic Dust”) aspects and introduces a powerful spiritual principle defined
as Brahman “where from all these entities are born, by which being born, they abide, into which at the time
of dissolution they enter”. Vedas asks us to know that Brahman, the Supreme consciousness existing as “a
single infinitesimal point (a Bindu)”, which explodes and expands to create ultimately the entities with names
and forms albeit with finite life and contracts finally into the Bindu. Cosmic cycles of creation and destruction
of this kind on a subtle and gigantic scale go on continuously like “inhaling and exhaling” as it were according
to this Vedantic view.
Ancient Vedic Texts of India (Vedams and Upanishads) have provided profound insights about the Creation of
the Universe. It is the subject of this monograph reflecting on the Purusha Suktam or the Vedic view of
Creation. Greek philosopher Aristotle wondered about “an intelligent natural world that functions according
to some deliberate design”. Book of Genesis supports the faith of many about the origin of creation. From
Mayans to aborigines of Australian bush have developed their own theories on the origin of the Universe in
their scheme of things! The debate on the Creation of the Universe with its beings goes on. The questions on
the Time before Time (The Big Bang) have attracted the attention of few scientists, while the millennium old
Religious texts have come up with their own daring and profound insights.
The Big bang theory is the current “cosmological model” from the point of view of Scientists about the early
development of the universe. The central theme of the Big Bang theory is that our universe is an expanding
one. This model rests on the concept that our universe was contained in a single point in time before it
exploded in trillionth of a trillionth of a second and expanded. It continues to expand. Modern
measurements puts this moment at 13.8 billion years ago. This time is considered as the beginning point for
our universe and is recognized by the scientists as the age of the Universe. After the big bang, it is postulated
that the primordial universe consisting of Hydrogen, Helium and a small amount of Lithium coalesced to form
giant clouds through gravity to form stars and galaxies, which later became the places where the heavier
elements were formed. It is theorized that dark matter provides “the gravitational scaffolding” for the
created galaxies including ours. Particle accelerators are trying to smash particles together at very high
speeds to create conditions that might come close to those which existed at the time of big bang leading to
our expanding universe state. It is conceded however that the particle accelerators can only probe so far in to
higher energy realms beyond the large Hadron Colliders of CERN realized so far. More expensive machines
are still being planned to push the frontiers of today’s research. There are a lot of gaps in our knowledge and
unified concepts are being sought in this complex area, which provides a challenge for the scientists as well
as the Philosophers.
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Modern day scientists have indeed peered in to space, smashed atoms at extreme temperatures and
densities similar to the one that existed at ancient times running back to billions of years. They have also
discovered recently the Higgs Boson aka “the God Particle” during their search. This heavily sought
after unstable particle is found to have an infinitely small mass of 125.3 billion electron volts. It is
considered a crucial particle to bind all things together. Inspite of all these brilliant scientific
accomplishments, one has to concede humbly that the nature of the Universe and its creation cannot be
understood only by inspecting our galaxies or watching far off supernovas and engaging on speculations
about dark matter, neutron stars and dark energy. We have come to the humbling conclusion that the
formation, the existence, the functioning and the transformation of our universe is beyond the peering in to
the space and making sense out of the data from large Hadron colliders and application of Big Data analytics
approaches. It is conceded that such an understanding lies deeper. As one put it, “It involves our very Selves”.
Such is the message that arises out of these deliberations and recommends us to seek the nuggets of wisdom
developed by the seers of the Vedic times and look at them as harbingers of insights that are being sought by
modern Science. The dialog between the Sages and the Scientists continues. Let us now look at some of the
statements about Creation by the Vedic seers.
The Nasadiya Suktam of Rg Vedam hints what the universe was like before the origin of the universe and how
it evolved. This sooktam is called the Hymn of Creation and deals with cosmology and the origin of the
universe. Additional insights about Creation have been provided by Hiranyagarbha and Viswakarma Suktams
of Rg vedam, Narayana Suktam, Brahma Sutrams, Iswara Upanishad, Satapata Brahmanam, Matsya Puranam,
Srimat Bhagavatam and Mantra Pushpam, which is part of the Vedic passages known as Arunam.
Let us study some excerpts from the above sources on how they view creation.
(A) The Nasadiya Suktam, the hymn of Creation, has only seven verses and it dares to ask questions and hints
at answers in a mode of “edifying puzzlement”. It is a master piece of religious cosmology and enters in to
areas, where material cosmology never dared to enter or has stumbled. The sooktam asks the questions
about what existed before the moment of creation. The first verse states that there was only “darkness
wrapped in darkness” and all that was nothing but “unilluminated water” as the sole presence. Out of that
arose at last That One, “which came to be, enclosed in nothing and was born of the power of tapas”. At the
beginning, desire (kama), the primal seed born of the mind of That One, the Self‐manifested Svayambhu
descended on the undifferentiated unknown and led on to the ultimate appearance of the world of names
and forms.
Let us reflect on the profound messages housed in this hymn of Creation. Sri Rayalu Viswanath has captured
the essence of the seven mantras of Naasadiya Suktam and compared its spiritual and poetic messages with
those from the understandings gained by the Big Bang theory as a forerunner to the creation of the material
universe. Here are the translations of Sri Rayalu Viswanath of the seven mantrams of the Nasadeeya
sooktam:
1) “neither existence, nor non‐existence was there; neither matter nor space around. What covered it, where
it was and who protected it? Why that plasma, all pervading deep and profound?”
2) “Neither death nor immortality was there and there was neither day or night; but for the breathless one
breathing on its own. There was nothing else, surely nothing.”
3) “It was darkness concealed in darkness and an uninterrupted continuum of fluid – out came in material
form and shape—that one lying deep inside, on its own intent.”
4) “In the cosmic mind, all pervading desire, the primal seed made its first appearance and the wise men
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seeking deep in their heart could see the link between ‘That is’ and ‘That is not’.”
5) “Reins of link, a grid of criss cross lines holds all the seeds and mighty forces, microcosmic forces with in
and macro forces out above.”
6) “Who really knows, who can declare when it (creation) started or where from and where will it end? The
seekers and the sought entered later –and so who knows when all this manifested?”
7) “That One out of which the Creation came may hold the reins or not. Percieving all from above, That One
knows the beginning—may not know too!”
Rayalu Viswanath concludes his essay invites our attention to the overlaps between the Vedic utterances on
Creation and the Scientific advances of recent times linked to Big Bang Theory time boundaries and
projections.
(B) The Hiranya Garbha Suktam from Rk Vedam is another hymn instructing us on Creation. It asserts that
God as Lord manifested Himself at the beginning as the Creator of the universe holding “the collective
totality”, the heaven and earth, with in Himself and animated the created entities with intelligence.
(C) The Satapata Brahmana states that the cosmic mind of Prajapati, the Supreme Being, desired and it
(Creation) happened.
(D) Purusha Suktam provides a symbolic answer to creation with the analogy of a Yaj~nam (cosmic sacrifice).
It describes the spiritual web and unity of the universe. The attributes of Purusha, the Cosmic Being in
His immanent and transcendent form. This monograph covers in great detail the meanings and
commentaries on the Purusha Sukta Mantrams found in all the four Vedams. Commentators have observed
that Purusha Suktam gives a description of “the spiritual unity of the Universe. It presents the nature of
Purusha, the Cosmic Being as both immanent and yet transcendent”. A very traditional introduction by Sri
V.Sunder to Purusha Suktam based on the commentary of the VaishNava AchAryan, Sri Ranganatha Muni can
be accessed at:
http://www.Ramanuja.org/Purusha/sukta‐intro.html
(E) Vedanta Sutrams identify Brahman, the Supreme Being, as the One from whom this universe originates,
subsists and at the end returns.
(F) The Bhagavata Puranam salutes Narayana alone existed at the beginning and identifies Him as the sole
cause of Creation, Sustenance and dissolution. He is recognized as the Supreme Seed of Creation and being
subtler than the subtle and greater than the greatest.
(G) Swamy Krishnananda has identified Sri Rudram as a great meditation on the Virat svarupa of the Lord as
the original almighty before Creation. One has to remember that Sri Rudran is a Saranagatan at the sacred
feet of Lord Narasimhan (vide SrI Mantraraja Pada stotram).
(H) Matsya PurAnam: It starts with the state of things after the great dissolution (Maha Pralayam). Darkness
was everywhere in the Universe. Every thing was in a state of layam (stillness). Nothing was moving. At that
time, the Self‐manifested One (Svayambhu) arose, created primordial waters first and placed next the seed
of Creation in those waters. That seed transformed in to a golden egg/womb and thereafter Svayambhu
entered in to it to create the naama‐roopa Prapancham.
(I) Narayana Suktam: Every thing that is visible (vyaktam) or invisible (avyaktam) in this created world is
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pervaded by Narayana with in and outside.
(J) Isavasya Upanishad: The Universe is pervaded by Iswara (God), who is both with in and externally. He is
the moving (chith) and non‐moving (achith). He is near and far.
(K) Excerpts from The Bhagavad Gita: “I am also that which is the seed of all beings, Oh Arjuna! Nothing that
moves or does not move, exists without Me” (10.39). “I stand sustaining this whole universe with a fragment
of my Power” (10.42); “I am the upholder of all beings and yet I am not in them. My will alone causes their
existence” (9.5). “I am the Father, Mother, Creator and the grandfather of the Universe...I am the seat of
origin and dissolution, the base for the goal, the supporter and the Lord, the witness, the abode, the refuge
and friend. I am the seat of origin and dissolution, the base for preservation and the imperishable seed” (9.17
and 18).
(L) Siva Agama Text on the Nataraja doctrine: At the front entrance of CERN in Switzerland stands a statue of
Nataraja, the king of dance to remind us about the intricate balance between the forces of Creation and
destruction of the Universe. He stands inside a ring of fire (the Manifest Universe) holding Fire in one of
His four hands. Here, the Fire stands as the symbol of annihilation at the end of each cycle of Creation. This
symbolizes the forces of destruction. On the other hand, he has a double sided damaruka (drum) creating the
sounds as pulses of Time to summon up new creations. This recognizes Sound as the First element of
creation in a rapidly unfolding Universe. There is a rhythm to it. It has been pointed out Time is considered
Cyclical in India compared to being treated as linear in the West.
One of Nataraja’s hand presents the gesture of grace (abhayam)/ sustenance. In the Saiva siddhantam, the
uplifted leg refers to the gesture that liberates souls from bondage. With another leg, Nataraja is stepping on
a dwarf, who symbolizes ignorance. The interplay of Creation, protection and dissolution is thus captured in
the image of Lord Nataraja.
The plaque next to Nataraja’s statue at CERN says: “Hundreds of years ago, the Indian artists created the
visual images of dancing Shivas in a beautiful series of bronzes. In our time, physicists have used the most
advanced technology to portray the pattern of the cosmic dance.The metaphor of the Cosmic dance thus
unifies ancient mythology, religious art and modern Physics”. It has been suggested by great Scientists from
Albert Einstein to Robert Oppenheimer that there is a kinship between Vedanta and Modern Science. May
that kinship continue to grow and yield rich returns in the times to come!

dAsan
Oppiliappan Koil V Sadagopan
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ïI>
pué;sU´m!
purusha sUktam

Introduction
Dear VedAbhimAnis:
We will cover the write up on Purusha sUktam to raise much needed funds for the renovation of the
historical and sacred hundred Pillar SrI BhAshya pravacana MaNDapam built at Upper Ahobilam for SrImat
Adi vaN SaThakopa jIyar by the local king, SrI Mukunda Raaya. He was the same king, who completed earlier
the construction of the beautiful 100 Pillar MaNDapam at KaancI for Lord VaradarAjan and SrI Perumdevi
tAyAr.
The write up about the new kaimkaryam at Upper Ahobilam is available to you at
http://www.ahobilasri.org. Many photos of the historic building and the history of the 100 stone
pillar MaNDapam and future plans for use after renovation are covered in that hyperlink. Please enjoy the
history of things that happened there some six hundred years ago, when Adi vaN SaThakopa jIyar was
initiated in to sanyAsa ASramam by Lord Narasimhan Himself.
As sishyAs and abhimAnis of SrI Ahobila MaTham, please take part in this once in life time AcArya
kaimkarayam. Please let aDiyEn know of your interest to participate by sending email
to [email protected]
Among the two attachments, one has the original Tamil Text of u.vE. SrI mElmA Narasimha tAtAcAr svAmi in
Tamil, which appeared many years ago in the first issue of Veda samskrta VidyAlayam journal. The second
attachment is a high fidelity translation of the Tamil Text of Mel Maa SwAmi by SrImati KalyANi
KrshNamAcAri. The essence of Purusha sUktam and the commentary on the various SrI VaishNavite tattvams
that it covers are brought to bear by Mel Maa SwAmi.
Purusha sUktam is recognized for its coverage of the Purushottama tattvam. It is found in all the four Vedams
with some slight variations. It is considered as the essence of all the Vedams and VedAngams (Srutis):
idam purushasUktam hi sarva vedeshu paThyate, athaH SrutibhyaH sarvApyo phalavat samudIritam
Purusha sUktam is studied in all the four vedAs and is recognized as the sAram of all Srutis.
Purusha sUktam is found in the ancient Rg Vedam (10.90) with sixteen mantrams. Next follows, Sukla Yajur
Veda Vaajasaneya samhitai (31.1.16). In KrshNa Yajur Vedam’s taittirIya ArANyakam we come across it in
3.12‐13. In sAma Vedam, it is at 4.3 and in the atharvaNa Vedam, we find it at 19.6.3. SrImAn KrshNa
tatAchAr of Bangaluru has released an e‐book in our Sundarasimham series (73rd e‐book reachable through
http://www.sadagopan.org). It has English and Kannada texts of Purusha sUktam as found in all the four
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Vedas. The web site http://www.vedchant.com is a wonderful web site, which has audio recordings of all the
four VedAs. One can hear from these CD‐s the recitation of Purusha sUktam from all the four VedAs.
Purusha sUktam or the Hymn of the Cosmic Man and it is also known as the Creation Hymn.The Purushan of
Purusha sUktam is none other than Sriman NaarAyaNan. The 16th mantram of Purusha sUktam declares
proudly:
vedAhametam purusham mahAntam
I have realized this Supreme Purushan. I know Him. The declaration is like Sage ViSvAmitrA’s pronouncement
in the sabhA of King daSarathA:
aham vedmi mahAtmAnam rAmam satya parAkramam
The mantra drashT rshi of this mantram (nArAyaNa rshi) declares through his dhyAna anubhavam:
etam purusham virAjam mahAntam – Adityavat prakASamAnam vedAham jAnAmi
Knowing Him thus, we will be liberated in this very life. There is no other path to moksham other than
this (nAnyaH panthA ayanAya vidyate) declares the 17th Purusha sUkta mantram convincingly. It says:
yathA virAD purushoham iti sAkshAtkaroti | tadAnIm vartamAna dehasyatatsvarUpatvAbhAvAt tan

maraNenAyampAsako na mriyate |
na hi karma sahasrairapi amrtatvam sampAdayitum sakyate |
As sishyAs and abhimAnis of SrI Ahobila Matham, Please take part in this once in lifetime AchArya
Kaimkarayam.Please let adiyEn know of your interest to participate by sending email
to [email protected].

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ïI>
purusha sUkta mantrams and comments

Purusha sUktam - Saanti pATham
Aae< tCD< yaerav&[Imhe, gatu< y}ay, gatu< y}ptye, dEvISviStrStu n>, SviStmaRnu;e_y>, ^Xv¡ ijgatu
Ée;jm!, z< nae AStu iÖpde, z< ctu:pde, Aae< zaiNt> zaiNt> zaiNt>.
om taccham yorAvrNImahe | gAtum yaj~nAya | gAtum yaj~napataye |
daivIsvastirastu naH | svastirmAnushebhyaH | Urdhvam jigAtu bheshajam |
Sam no astu dvipade | Sam catushpade | om SAntiH SAntiH SAntiH ||
Word by word meaning:

tat SamyoH AvrNImahe ‐ We seek with ardor that auspicious act that provides peace and tranquility to the
samsAric afflictions of today and for the future days. SaayaNar interprets AvrNeemahe as a prayer
(prArthayAmahe).
gAtum yaj~nAya ‐ We seek the growth of this yaj~nam and progression in an auspicious way (gati).
svasti mAnushebhyaH | SamyoH AvrNImahe ‐ We seek with ardor that auspicious act that provides peace
and tranquility to the samsAric afflictions of today and for the future days.
yaj~napataye gAtum (AvrNImahe) ‐ We seek what is auspicious for the YajamAnan (kartA), what will be
auspicous. We seek phala prApti (fruition) for the yaj~nam that the yajamAnan performs.
naH daivIH svasti astu ‐ May the anugrahams of the Gods be with us!
mAnushebhyaH svasti: astu ‐ Let there be auspiciousness for the Mankind!
bheshajam Urdhvam jigAtu ‐ May the plant and creepers, who are like life giving medicine, grow upwards
in a healthy manner!
dvipade naH Sam astu ‐ May mangaLam come our way from the living entities with two feet!
catushpade Sam astu ‐ May there be mangaLam among the four‐footed animals!
SAntiH SAntiH SAntiH ‐ May the three kinds of Peace and Tranquility prevail!
The prayer of ancient seers is to stay in a world free from sufferings of many kinds to focus on upAsanA on
the Brahman. Gaining kinship with nature and fellow human beings is a vital part of their prayers to gods.
They wanted to lead a harmonious life. They wanted freedom from the tApa trayams and the
inauspiciousness associated with them in their present and future lives. The three kinds of tApam are:
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(1) AdhyAtmikam (2) Adhibhaudikam and (3) Adhidaivikam.
AdhyAtmika tApam are sufferings experienced by the sthUla (gross) and sUkshma (subtle) SarIrams.
Sufferings caused by hunger, thirst, desire, anger, doubt and confusion are some of the kinds linked to the
first variety of tApam.
Adhibhaudika tApam is caused by sufferings from attacks by wild animals, pests and wars.
Adhidaivika tApam is caused by supernatural forces over which humans have no control. Sufferings caused by
natural disasters (earth quake, typhoons, landslides and tsunami) belong to this category of tApams.
They identified “Sam” as the tranquil state free from the acquired rogams (physical and mental diseases) and
recognized “Sam” as the destroyer of the sorrows arising from the three kinds of samsAric afflictions (tApa
trayam). SaayaNa describes "Sam" in his bhAshyam as:
prAptAnAm rogAdInAm upaSamana karaNam, AgmInAm rogAdInAm viyoga (death) kAraNam
Most of the upanishats start with a SAnti pATham. For instance, kaThopanishat and muNDaka upanishat start
with the SAnti pATham of “bhadram karNebhiH SrNAyAmaH”. taittirIyopanishat starts with the SAnti
pATham (upakrama SAnti) of “Sam no mitraH Sam varuNaH” and concludes with another SAnti pATham ‐
“saha nA‐vavatu, saha nau bhunaktu .... mA vidvishAvahai, om SAntiH SAntiH SAntiH”. In between it has
an upasamhAra SAnti pATham at the end of SIkshAvallI, which is a variation of the SAnti pATham at the
beginning of SIkshAvallI. The prayers are for the confluence of auspicious factors leading up to universal
harmony, peace and tranquility.
The prayer for unity of minds to create healthy and powerful organizations for prosperity of all and to
promote universal brotherhood feeling and for the reign of righteousness is offered at the very end of Rg
Vedam (X.191.2):
s< gCDXv< s< vdXv< s< vae mna<is jantam!

sam gacchatvam sam vadatvam sam vo manmmsi jAnatAm
The sangA concept of Buddhism arose from this ancient Veda mantram.

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pUrvAnvAkam of purusha sUktam

mantram 1
hir> Aae<,
shözI;aR pué;> shöa]> shöpat!,
s ÉUim< ivñtae v&Tva, ATyitóÎza¼‚lm!. 1.

hari: om |
sahasraSIrshA purushaH sahasrAkshaH sahasrapAt |
sa bhUmim viSvato vrtvA | atyatishThat daSAngulam || 1 ||
Word by word Meaning:

sahasra‐SIrshAH ‐ Parama purushar has thousands of Heads.
sahsrAkashaH ‐ Parama Purushar has thousands of Eyes.
sahasrapAt ‐ He has thousands of Feet.
saH bhUmim viSvata: vrtvA ‐ He pervades (vrtvA) the Earth (bhUmi) everywhere (viSvato) and
daSAngulam atyatishThat ‐ He manifests and stands as One who is beyond the arithmetic of calculating with
ten fingers.
Comments:
sahasra SIrshAH purushaH ‐ The MahA Purushan is visualized by Arjuna in the form of ViSvarUpa
darSanam described in SrImat Bhagavad GitA in the 16th Slokam of the 11th chapter:
AnekbahUdrv±neÇ<
pZyaim Tva< srvtae=nNtêpm!,
naNt< n mXy< n punStvaid<
pZyaim ivñeñr ivñêp.

aneka‐bAhu udara‐vaktra‐netram
paSyAmi tvAm saravato‐anantarUpam |
nAntam na madhyam na punas‐tavAdim
paSyAmi viSveSvara viSvarUpa ||
Oh Lord of the Universe! Oh Thou who art of the Universal Form! “With manifold arms, stomachs, mouths
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and eyes, I Behold Your infinite form on all sides. I see no end, no middle nor the beginning too of You!"
Arjuna goes on to say:
snatnSTv< pué;ae mtae me sanAtanastvam purusho mato me
I know You are the Supreme Person, who is everlasting.
*avap&iwVyaeirdmNtr< ih VyaÝ< TvyEken idzí svaR>

dyAvA‐prthivyoridamantaram hi vyAptam tvayaikena diSaSca sarvAH
describes Arjuna now.
The frightened Arjuna says here:
“Oh MahAtman! You alone have pervaded the interspace between heaven and earth, and all the quarters”.
sahasra‐SIrshA purusha ‐ SaayaNa bhAshyam explains the tattvam behind this VirAD Purushan:
sarva prANi‐samashTi‐rUpo‐brahmANDa‐deho‐virADAkhyo yaH
purushaH so'ayam sahasra SIrshAH .... daSAngulam ityupalakshaNam,
brahmANDAt‐bahirapi sarvato vyApya avastitaH ityarthaH
atyatishtaThat daSAngulam ‐ A passage from Padma PurANam is cited here to remind us that this VirAD
Purushan is beyond the rules of counting taught to us by the arithmetics.
daSa‐damSnAnantayoH akhila koTi yojanayoH, prapancat‐Urdhvam ananta yojanAn atItya atitishThatyuktam
bhavati | yojanAnAm anantvAt daSAngulam idam vidhuH |
The immensity of this Universal Form of the Supreme Purushan is indicated here as being under the control
of any ordinary counting methods.
purushaH ‐ Who is this Purushan? He is the one inside the SarIram (body) known as puram is one
explanation. This Purushan appears in two forms (mahatvena, aNutvena), immense form and minute forms.
In Purusha sUktam, the immense form is celebrated (aNutvena mahatvena dvitA tishThati keSavaH, atra
paurusha sUktena tanmahatvam prapancitam). In the chAndogyam’s dahara vidyA section, the aNutvam of
the Lord is addressed. The ViraD Purushan beyond all changes is saluted by the Vedams:
“On Him the worlds do rest; and no one goes beyond Him (kaushitika Upanishat: V.8).
SrI bhAshyam 4.4.19 (vikAravarti ca tathA hi sthitimAha) salutes this Supreme Brahman, who is changeless,
who is opposed to all evel and is the only abode of all auspicious attributes and is Bliss Absolute.
In the 15th chapter of SrImad Bhagavat GitA, GeetAcAryan Himself reveals the identity of the Supreme
Purushan (Purushottaman):
%Äm> pué;STvNy> prmaTmeTyudaùt>,
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yae laekÇymaivZy ibÉTyRVyy $ñr>.

uttamaH purushastvanyaH paramAtmetyudAhrtaH |
yo lokatrayamAviSya bibhartyavyaya ISvaraH || ‐‐‐ GitA 15.17
Meaning:
There is the Supreme Person other than these (kshara and akshara ‐ bound and liberated Self). He is named
the Supreme Self (Permanent) in all the VedAs. He, who, as the Immutable One and Lord (ISvaran), entering
the threefold world, supports it. "mAdhva bhAshyam of brahmasUtrams" salutes this Purushottaman
as: “pUraNAt sadanAcchiva tato'sau purushottamaH”. 'sadanam' means here a place of residence.
VishNu sahasra nAmam salutes this Purushottaman (24th nAmA) as “avikArAya SuddhAya” (Changeless and
Pure), “paraH parANAm paramaH” (The Supreme, the greatest among the Great).
The etymological definition for the word “purushA” from ashTAdyAyI is “puru bahu sanoti”. “puru” means
plenty, and “sanoti”, the verb signifies the act of giving. He is the grantor of all Bliss and His attributes and
vaibhavam are beyond the range of words and minds.
We will cover the second mantram next.
In the first mantram, it was stated that the ParamAtmA, the Supreme Purushan pervades everywhere and He
is beyond the Mathematical rules of counting on ten fingers.
mantram 2:
pué; @ved~ svRm!, yÑƒt< y½ ÉVym!,
%tam&tTvSyezan>, ydÚenaitraehit. 2.
purusha evedagum sarvam | yat bhutam yacca bhavyam |
utAmrtatvasyeSAnaH | yadannenAtirohati || 2 ||

yat bhUtam ‐ What was there before
yaccha bhavyam ‐ whatever that is going to appear in the future
idam ‐ whatever is seen currently
sarvam purusha eva ca ‐ All of these are indeed this Parama Purushan!
uta ‐ further,
amrtatvasya ‐ For the state of being eternal, for being in a state of not encountering death ever,
ISAnaH ‐ He, the Parama Purushan is indeed the Lord of that immortal state.
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yat annena atirohati (saH purusha eva) ‐ That which manifests itself from behind in this annamaya
prapancam is also the same Parama Purushan!
Comments:
“amrtatvasya” ‐ Here, the word 'amrtam' refers to moksham. The learned ones comprehend amrtam as the
everlasting, deathless state of existence (mokshe nitye amrte daive kIrtitam tvamrtam budaiH). 'amrtatvam'
is linked to 'devatvam'.
annena ‐ prANinAm bhogyenAnnena ‐ In this world that is filled with delectable annam (annamaya
prapancam)
(yadannena) atirohati ‐ Sruti states:
annAt bhUtAni jAyante
Out of annam are born the bhUtams (beings). The kArya prapancam grows beyond the kAraNam through the
annam says SrI RanganAtha Muni.
SaayaNar says in this context:
“bhogyAnnena svakIya kAraNAvastAm atikramya paridrSyamAnAm jagadavastAm prApnoti”
mantram 3:
@tavanSy mihma, Atae Jyaya~í pUé;>,
padae=Sy ivña ÉUtain, iÇpadSyam&t< idiv. 3.

etAvAnasya mahimA | ato jyAyAgumSca pUrushaH |
pAdo'sya viSvA bhUtAni | tripAdasyAmrtam divi || 3 ||

etAvAn ‐ whatever is seen here,
asya mahimA ‐ all are His mahAtmyam/Vaibhavam.
ataH purushaSca jyAyAn ‐ Beyond all that is seen, the Purushan is much more.
viSvA bhUtAni asya pAdaH ‐ whatever in this world that has been created is one fourth of this Parama
Purushan (i.e.), the nAma rUpa prapancam is one fourth in dimension.
asya tripAd amrtam divi ‐ The three fourth of this Parama Purushan’s wealth (vibhUti) stays immortal and
changeless in His Supreme abode.The three parts (pAdams) referred to here are sat (st!), cit (ict! ) and
Ananadam (sacchidAnanda mayam). sat is comprehended by all. cit is grasped by the viveki alone and
Anandam is experienced only by the yogi, who is fully awake and has pUrNa bodham (knolwdge, perception).
The passage in the adhyAtma kANDam of Satapata brAhmaNam salutes the vaibhavam and mystery of this
Parama Purushan by reconciling the mutually contradictory attributes and displays agaDita gaTanA
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sAmarthyam (reference is to swAmi NammAzhvAr’s pAsurams on TiruviNNagarappan). He stays both as the
gigantic one as well as the atomic sized one in vyApti (yatA ayam nArAyaNAkhyaH purusho mahAn bhavati,
tadAnImevANur bhavati); He pervades everywhere as well as limits Himself to a finite, small place/
hrdayAkASam (yatAyam vyApto bhavati tadaiva prAdeSiko bhavati); He occupies the Supreme abode just as
He occupies this earth (yadaiva bhUmau tadaiva parame vyomni bhavati); He stays singular and at the same
time remains as many (yadAyam eko bhavati, tadAnImeva aneko bhavati); He stays as prakrti made up of
panca bhUtams and at the same time displays His state of not being bound by prakrti (yadaiva prAkrti
bhavati, tadaiva aprAkrto bhavati); He gets separated from the prapancam while staying united with it (yatA
prapancAt bhinno bhavati, tadaiva abhinno bhavati); He stays bound while also staying liberated (yadaiva
bandhako bhavati, tadaiva mokshako bhavati); whatever that is of dual and opposing in nature, all of these
are completely absorbed in Him (tasmAt yAni viruddha‐svabhAvAni, tAni sarvANi tadAnImeva tasmin lInAni
bhavati). Therefore, He is beyond calibration as of this kind or the other and is beyond comprehension,
description or meditation (tasmAt ayamIdrSa iti durj~nAno, durvacano, durdhyAnaH). From this we conclude
that His superiority/primacy is beyond one’s speech and mind (tasmAdasya jyaishTyam
vAngmanasAgocaram).
In the first mantram, it was stated that the ParamAtmA, the Supreme Purushan pervades everywhere and He
is beyond the mathematical rules of counting on ten fingers. In the second mantram, it was revealed that all
that was seen in the past and those seen now and the ones to be seen in the future are all this eternal
Parama Purushan. The annamaya paryAya of taittirIrya samhitA’s Anandavalli passage overlays this insight on
the first mantram and extends it to the second mantram. The appropriate passage from Anandavalli section
is:
s va @; pué;ae=Úrsmy>, .... AymaTma .... AÚaÖE àja> àjayNte .... AÚ‡ ih ÉUtana< Jyeóm! ....
AÚaÑƒtain jayNte.... jataNyÚen vxRNte, A*te=iÄ c ÉUtain, tSmadÚ< tÊCyt #it,

sa vA esha prusho'nnarasamayaH | .... ayamAtmA .... annAdvai prajAH prajAyante .... annagum hi bhUtAnAm
jyeshTham .... annAdbhUtAni jAyante ... jAtAnyannena vardhante | adyate'tti ca bhUtAni | tasmAdannam
taducyata iti |
Meaning according to Dr. NSA swAmi:

That body, such as it is, is the product of the essence of Food ‐‐ This is the Self (chief Part) ‐‐ All people that
are on earth are born from food ‐‐ that food is verily the greatest of all creatures ‐‐ Beings are born of Food ‐‐
Those that are born grow by Food. It is eaten and it eats the creatures. Therefore it is called Food.
The second Purusha sUkta mantram instructs us:
purusha evedam sarvam – utA amrutatvasya ISAnaH, yat annena atirohati ‐in this context celebrating
annamaya Purushan.
In the third mantram, the distinctions between nAma rUpa prapancam and the rest of the three fourths of
the brahma svarUpam are pointed out.
SaayaNa’s commentary is:
“tripAd svarUpam amrtam, vinASa rahitam, sat, divi‐dyotamAnAtmake svaprakASa‐rUpe'vatishThate,

jagaditam brahma svarUpApekSayA –atyalpam iti vivakshitayA pAdatvopanyAsaH”
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The fourth mantram celebrates this Parama Purushan pervading the region above Prapancam and His
reoccurence in the Prapancam as His one fourth form. In the fifth mantram, the creation of every thing from
from BrahmANDam, Brahmaa, BhUmi and the jIva rAsis from that virAD Purushan are covered.
mantram 4:
iÇpaËXvR %dETpué;>, padae=Syeha==ÉvaTpun>,
ttae ivñ'œVy³amt!, saznanzne AiÉ. 4.

tripAdUrdhva udait purushaH | pAdo'syehAbhavAt punaH |
tato vishvang vyakrAmat | sASanAnaSane abhi || 4 ||

tripAd purushaH ‐ the Parama purushan of the three fourth dimension
urdhvaH udait ‐ He shines above the (nAma rUpa) prapancam
asya pAdaH ‐ His one fourth portion
iha punaH abhavAt (abhavat) ‐ manifests in this prapancam again and again.
tataH ‐ from that
sASana‐anaSena (vishvak abhi vyakrAmat) ‐ it manifests outwardly in all sentient that live by eating food and
the insentient that do not need annam for their sustenance.
vishvak abhi vyakrAmat ‐ in all the sentient and the insentient of the nAma rUpa prapancam, it manifests
externally.
Comments:
pAdo‐asyehAbhavAt punaH ‐ GitA Slokam 10.42 describes this VirAD purushan bearing and sustainining this
nAma rUpa prapancam with a small portion of His yoga sakti ‐
ivòa_yahimd< k«Tõmeka<zen iSwtae jgt!

vishTAbhyAhamidam krtsnam ekAmSena sthito jagat
Bhagavat RaamAnuja comments on this GitA Slokam this way based on the VishNu PurANa Vacanam (1.9.53 ‐
ySyayutayuta<za<ze ivñziíry< iSwta yasyAyutAyutAmSAmSe viSvaSaktiriyam sthitA):
#d< icdicdaTmk< k«Tõ< jgt! kayaRvSw< kar[avSw< SwUl< c sUúm< c SvêpsÑave iSwtaE àv&iÄÉede c ywa
mTs<kLp< n AitvteRt twa mm mihç> Ayuta<zen ivò_y Ahm! AviSwt>,

idam cidacidAtmakam krtsnam jagat kAryAvastham kAraNAvastham sthUlam ca sUkshmam ca
svarUpasadbhAve sthitau pravrttibhede ca yathA matsankalpam na ativarteta tathA mama mahimnaH
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ayutAmSena vishTabhya aham avasthitaH | ‐‐ SrI RaamAnuja bhAshyam on GitA 10.42
Meaning:
I sustain this universe with an infinitesimal fraction of My power – this universe consisting of sentient and
insentient entities, whether in effect or causal condition, whether gross or subtle – in such a manner that it
does not violate My will in preserving its proper form, existence and various activities.
pancadaSI is authored by the advaitic Scholar VidyAraNya tirthar of Sringeri and he was a contemporary of
swAmi Desikan. He comments on ”pAdo'syehAbhavAtpunaH” in pancadaSI 2.55:
pAdo'sya sarvA bhUtAni tripAdasti svayamprabhaH, ityekadeSa vrttitvam mAyayA vadati SrtiH
Leaving discussions on mAyA aside, the passage means:
For the ParamAtmA, all the entities of the Prapancam are one part and the rest of the three parts are self‐
luminous indicating the uniqueness of “mAyA.” The important point here is the one fourth, three fourth
division and not so much about the uniqueness of mAyA.
Commentators have referred to the distribution of the Sakti of Parama Purushan as one third in the
Prapancam and the three fourth in the region above this prapancam using a cAndogya upanishat
passage. The upadeSam is through the four kinds of vAk (speech) and how it originates inside and moves up
inside and is heard ultimately outside the body. Speech is recognized as made up of four parts: 1) parA, 2)
paSyantI, 3) madhyamA and 4) vaikari
In the mUlAdhAra cakram, vAk originates and it rises as paSyantI in svAdishTAna cakram; at the anAhata
cakram at the chest level, it climbs up further as madhyamA vAk and at the viSuddhi cakram, it comes out to
be heard as vaikari vAk. While the three divisions of vAk are hidden inside the body (trINi padA nihitA
guhAsu), the last (one fourth part) alone is heard as external speech. Thus one fourth of the Sakti of the
Supreme Purushan is seen as the nAma rUpa prapancam.
SrI RanganAtha Muni eloquently comments on the passage “tripAUrdhva udaitpurusha” in his BhAshyam:
"esha tripAdaH purusham UrdhvaH prakrti maNDalAdUrdhvam udait udagacchat; tameva tripAdam
purusham durj~nAna‐sakala‐ceshTAmacintya‐vibhavodatim‐ananta Saktim‐sarveSvaram‐adhyanta SUnyam–
vrtti‐kshaya‐vivarjita vigraham svAdhIna nikhila ceshTam‐jagadudaya vibhava laya lIlA vilAsinam
svAtmArAmam sva‐trptam jyotirmayam aprameyam sarva pramANAgocaram Sesha‐jagadeka kAraNam
vAngmanasAdeta vaibhavam stotum aSaktA: srtayaH ‐ “tvameva tvAm vettayo'si so'si, ko attA veda ka iha
pravocat, so anga veda yati vA na veda” ityAti vadanti”.
Meaning of the above passage:

This “three fourths Purushan” resides above prakrti maNDalam. He is the performer of many incredible
deeds. He is an ocean of Vaibhavam/glories that could not be comprehended. He has immeasurable powers.
He is the Lord of all. He is full of Bliss. He is knower of every thing (sarvaj~nan). He is the friend/anukuLan for
all. He is the foundation/AdhAram for all. He has no beginning or end. He has a body that has no vikArams
(growth or diminution). He is the controller/niyantA of all acts. He is in charge of creation, sustenance and
dissolution of the nAma rUpa prapancam. He is contented in Himself and is blissful (svAtmArAmam‐
svatrptam). He is of the form of jyoti. He is immeasurable (aprameyam). He cannot be reached by all
pramANams since He is beyond them (sarva pramAna agocaran). He is the sole cause of the universe without
any claimants for that title (jagadeka kAraNan). He has the glory of not being reached by mind and speech.
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Oh tripAd purushA! How can anyone think that they can describe you being this way or that way? You alone
know clearly Your attribute. Srutis express their incapability and give up and wonder whether even He knows
the vastness of His guNAdiSayams”.
mantram 5:
tSmaiÖrafjayt, ivrajae Aix pUé;>,
s jatae ATyirCyt, píaÑƒimmwae pur>. 5.

tasmAdvirADajAyata | virAjo adhi pUrushaH |
sa jAto atyaricyata | paScAdbhUmimatho pura || 5 ||

tasmAt ‐ from that Adi Purushan
virAD ajAyata ‐ the uniquely resplendent brahmANDam arose.
virAjo adhi purusha: jAtA ‐ Seeking the support and protection (ASrayaNam) of that brahmANDam, the
abhimAna Purushan with the name of BrahmA manifested from there.
paSchAt saH bhUmim ‐ After that, BrahmA created this earth (bhUmi)
athaH puraH ‐ thereafter, he created SarIram for the jIva rAsis (sentient).
Comments:
SaayaNar’s definition of 'virAD' is: “vivitam rAjante vastUn iti virAD”.
It is that, where all the different entities are shining with unique splendour. He is “the first progeny of
Brahman”, the Supreme Purushan.
SaayaNar continues:
“tasmAt adhi purushAt virADajAyata brahmANDa deha utpannaH”. From that primordial Purushan, virAD
with a gigantic form (body) manifested.
“paScAt purataSca sarvatra atipravrtta kAyo'bhavat”. In front, behind and everywhere this VirAD purushan
spread with a gigantic body.
“yo'yam sarva‐vedAnta vedyaH paramAtmA sa eva svakIyayA mAyayA deham brahmANDam srshTvA tatra
jIvarUpeNa praviSya virAD brahmANDAbhimAnI devatAtmA jIvo abhavat”.
This ParamAtmA known by the Vedams and Upanishats created through His own mAyA, a super‐gigantic
body and entered in to it as a jIvan, which became the abhimAni of the brahmANDa deham shining in
splendour.
sa jAto atyaricyata ‐ Thus manifested BrahmA seeking the VirAD purushan as his ASrayaNam (protection and
succour) created bhUmi and then bodies to the sentient and created the nAma rUpa prapancam.

SaayaNar comments on “sa jAto atyaricyata” this way: “virAD vyatirikto deva‐tiryang‐manushyAdi
rUpobhUt”. BrahmA created the devAs, animals and humans from that VirAD SarIram.
paScAt bhUmimatho puraH ‐ First was the creation of the bhUmi. After that the devAs, animals and humans
with SarIrams (puraH) were created by Brahman. "puraH SarIram" is the one characterized by the even
dhAtus.
mantrams 6:
yTpué;e[ hiv;a, deva y}mtNvt,
vsNtae ASyasIdaJym!, ¢I:m #XmZzrÏiv>. 6.

yatpurusheNa havishA | devA yaj~namatanvata |
vasanto asyAsIdAjyam | grIshma idhmaH SaraddhaviH || 6 ||
Introduction to mantram 6 from Purusha sUkta samhitai in Saakalya BrAhmaNam:

ViraD Purushan with a gigantic form stayed inert now (atiprvrttakAyaH san purushas tUshNImAsa).
aniruddha nArAyaNan questioned this VirAD Purushan: Oh BrahmA! why are you actionless (brahman! kim
tUshNIm bhAvasIti)?
BrahmA answered: It is because of my aj~nAnam (nescience).
aniruddha nArAyaNan responded:
Please perform a yaj~nam for the purpose of Creation (brahman! srshTartham kancana yaj~nam kuru). By
performing that yaj~nam, You will develop the power to create all sentient (tathaH sarvabhUtAni srashTum
samartho bhavishyasi). In that Cosmic yaj~nam, make Your indriya devatAs, the priests, transform your
SarIram as the offering (havis) and meditate on Me as the enjoyer of that havis, place your mind in Me and
enter in to Me, who is in the form of Agni (tatra yaj~ne tavendriyANi devAn rtvijaH krtvA, tvadIyam ca kale
param haviH krtvA, mAm ca havirbhujam dhyAtvA, manmanA bhUtvA, mayyagnau niveSaya). Once you come
in to contact with My limbs, Your body in the form of the koSams will expand and become gigantic
(madhanga‐sparSamAtreNa, jagat koSa bhutas‐tvat kAyo bruhmishyate). From that giant body will
arise sentient beings/PrANi vargams of every kind as in the previous act of creation by You and You will
become the Creator again (tasmAt bhUtAni prANi jAtAni yatA puram nirmAya srashTA bhavishyasi). One who
comprehends the subtelty of this srshTi yAgam becomes liberated even in this life/janmam.
Word by word meaning of the sixth mantram:

purusheNa ‐ With the havis embodied by VirAD purushan and Him serving as the yaj~na paSu
(caturmukhAkhyena paSu havishA)
devAH ‐ devAs staying as the indriyams of the VirAD Purushan performed the yaj~nam (devAH sAdhyAkhyAH
tadindriyANi vA dhyAnamayam yaj~nam atanvata)
havishA yat (yaj~nam) atanvata ‐ With that havis, the devAs performed this mAnasa yaj~nam
(tasya yaj~nasya) vasantaH Ajyam AsIt ‐ For that yaj~nam, the vasanta rutu became the Ajyam (ghee)

(tasya yaj~nasya) grIshmaH idhma AsIt ‐ the summer (grIshma) rtu became the samidh (sacrificial twigs)
(tasya yaj~nasya) Sarad haviH AsIt ‐ the autumn (Sarad) kAlam became the offering (havis).
SaayaNar describes this mAnasa yaj~nam done by the devAs this way:
yat‐purusheNa havishA–bAhya dravyasyApayanishpannatena havirantarA sambhavAt purusha svarUpameva
manasA havishtvena sankalpya tena purushAkhyena havishA yat yadA mAnasam yaj~nm akurvaka
Padma purANa vacanam provides context to this mantram:
During the winter season, the grass is shriveled / burnt down and during the spring, the grass is green and
healthy. The cows graze the grass during the spring and yield lot of milk. During the summer, the sages
assemble palaSa samidhs and are ready for performing year long satra yAgams.
mantram 7:
sÝaSyasNpirxy>, iÇ> sÝ simx> k«ta>,
deva y*}< tNvana>, Ab×Npué;< pzum!. 7.

saptAsyAsan paridhayaH | trissapta samidhaH krtAH |
devA yadyaj~nam tanvAnAH | abaghnan purusham paSum || 7 ||

saptAsyAsan paridhayaH ‐ For this srshTi yaj~nam, the seven chandas like GaayatrI serve
as paridhayaH. Because they are placed around the agni, they are named 'paridhi‐s". The Satapata
BrahmaNam describes what these seven paridhis are:
There are three in uttara vedhi; three more are around the AhavanIyAgni. Adityan is the seventh paridhi. In
MaitrAyaNi upanishat, the seven paridhi‐s are: 1) prthvI, 2) appu, 3) teyu, 4) vAyu, 5) AkASam, 6) ahankAram,
and 7) buddhi
triH sapta ‐ The twenty one samidhs are identified in Paingi BrahmaNam as panca bhUtams, five tanmAtrais,
five j~nAnedriyams, five karmendriyams and antaH karaNam (4x5+1=21).
devAH (yadyaj~nam tanvAnaH) ‐ The devAs performed the yaj~nam. The devAs referred to here are those in
SrI VaikuNTham. The other name for this group of devAs residing in SrI VaikunTham is 'sAdhyA‐s". SrI
RanganAtha Muni identifies another class of devAs, who reside at svargam. sAdhyAs alone are referred to in
this mantram by the deva padam.
abaghnan purusham paSum ‐ during the process of performing the yaj~nam, the devAs tied up the Purushan
described as BrahmA as the homa PaSu.
mantram 8:
t< y}< bihRi; àaE]n!, pué;< jatm¢t>,
ten deva AyjNt, saXya \;yí ye. 8.

tam yaj~nam barhishi praukshan | purusham jAtamagrataH |
tena devA ayajanta | sAdhyA rshayaSca ye || 8 ||

agrataH jAtam ‐ of the One that was first born
tam purusham ‐ that Purushan, who was appropriate for this srshTi yaj~nam (mAnasa yaj~nam)
barhishiH praukshan ‐ the rtviks sprinkled that Purushan with sacred water to consecrate him
tena sAdhyAH devAH rshayaH ye ayajanta ‐ by that act of prokshaNam, the sAdhyAs from SrI VaikuNTham,
the devAs from svargam and the sages performed the srshTi yaj~nam. The sAdhyAs, the devAs and the
mantra drashTA rshis have srshTi‐sAdhana yogyatai (qualifications). After prokshaNa samskAram, the yajn~a
was conducted with paSu as havis in that yaj~nam. This yaj~nam is called the sarvahut yaj~nam and the next
two mantrams focus on additional details of the sarvahut yaj~nam done for cosmic srshTi.
mantram 9:
tSma*}aTsvR÷t>, s<É&t< p&;daJym!,
pzU‡Sta~ í³e vayVyan!, Aar{yaN¢aMyaí ye. 9.

tasmAt yaj~nAt sarvahutaH | sambhrtam prshadAjyam |
paSugumstAgum cakre vAyavyAn | AraNyAn grAmyAmSca ye || 9 ||
Word by word meanings and comments:

sarvahutaH tasmAt yaj~nAt prshadAjyam sambhrtam ‐ From that sarvahut yaj~nam, arose curd with ghee .
tAn paSUn, vAyavyAn, AraNyAan ye grAmyASca, cakre ‐ then, BrahmA created the animals (paSUn), which
are fit for the yaj~nam. He created the birds that move in the air (vAyavyAn). He created the animals that live
in the forests (AraNyAn). He created also the animals that roam in the villages (grAmyASca ye).
srshTi yaj~na prakAram is described here. Here, the word 'yajn~am' refers to the havis that is offered in the
yaj~nam. 'barhis' is the term used to refer to prakrti. According to SrI RanganAtha Muni, Yoga Ratnam states
that VirAD, barhis and prakrti have the same meaning. The sAdhya devAs place the first born yAga paSu on
the prakrti pITham named 'barhis' and perform prokshaNa samskArams. After that, they used the Purusha
paSu as havis and performed the dhyAna yaj~nam. The homam was done in the aniruddha nArAyaNa agni.
srshTi yaj~na prakAram is thus outlined.
SrI Ranganatha Muni continues commenting on 'sambhrtam prshadAjyam'. The amalgam of curd with ghee
used in the homams is generally known as 'prushadAjyam'. What is being referred to here as 'prshadhAjyam'
is the "vicitra varNa vIryam” as per Yoga Ratnam text. After the prshadAjyam was assembled, BrahmA
created the birds traveling in the air, the lion roaming in the forest and the domesticated cats.
sarvahutaH ‐ SaayaNa bhAshyam comments on this srshTi from the mAnasa yAgam this way:
sarvAtmakaH purushaH asmin yaj~ne hUyate (worshipped). soyam sarvahutas‐tAdrSAt pUrvoktAta mAnasAt

yaj~nAt prshadAjyam ‐‐dadhiSAjyam ca ityevamAdi bhogya jAtam sampAditam ityarthaH;
vAyavyAn ‐ vAyudevatAkAn lokaprasiddhAn; AraNyAn paSUn ‐ paSUnAm antarikshadhvArA

vAyudevatyatvam (vAyavastetyAha vai paSavaH vAyavaH evainAn paridadhAti
mantram 10:
tSma*}aTsvR÷t>, \c> samain ji}re,
DNda‡is ji}re tSmat!, yjuStSmadjayt. 10.

tasmAt yaj~nAt sarvahutaH | rcaH sAmAni jaj~nire |
chandAgumsi jaj~nire tasmAt | yajustasmAt ajAyata || 10 ||
Word by word Meanings:

sarvahutaH tasmAt yaj~nAt rcaH sAmAni jaj~nire ‐ from that yaj~nam named 'sarvahut', rg Veda mantrams
and sAma Veda mantrams arose.
tasmAt chandAgumsi jaj~nire ‐ out of that sarvahut homam, the chandas like GaayatrI manifested.
tasmAt yajuH ajAyata ‐ from that yaj~nam, yajur Vedam came to be.
mantram 11:
tSmadña AjayNt, ye ke caeÉyadt>,
gavae h ji}re tSmat!, tSma¾ata Ajavy>. 11.

tasmAtaSvA ajAyanta | ye ke cobhayAdataH |
gAvo ha jaj~nire tasmAt | tasmAjjAtA ajAvayaH || 11 ||
Word for word meanings:

tasmAt aSvA ajAyanta ‐ from that yajn~am arose horses.
ye ke ca ubhayAdataH jaj~nire ‐ from that Yajn~am arose animals with one row of teeth and the two (upper
and lower) rows of teeth emerged.
gAvaH tasmAt jaj~nire ‐ The cows came out of this yajn~am.
tasmAt ajAH, AvayaH jAtAH ‐ out of this sarvahut yaj~nam came the goats (ajAH) and sheep (ajAvayaH)
veLLADus (ajA) and semmaRiyADus (ajAvayaH) arose from this yaj~nam.
The 12th to 15th mantrams:
yTpué;< Vydxu>, kitxa VykLpyn!,
muo< ikmSy kaE baø, kavUê padavuCyete. 12.

yatpurusham vyadadhuH | katidhA vyakalpayan |
mukham kimasya kau bAhU | kAvUrU pAdAvucyate || 12 ||
äaü[ae=Sy muomasIt!, baø rajNy> k«t>,
^ê tdSy yÖEZy>, pÑ(a‡ zUÔae Ajayt. 13.

brahmaNo'sya mukhamAIt | bAhU rAjanyaH krtaH |
UrU tadasya yadvaiSyaH | padbhyAgum SUdro ajAyata || 13 ||
cNÔma mnsae jat>, c]ae> sUyaeR Ajayt,
muoaidNÔíai¶í, àa[aÖayurjayt. 14.

candramA manaso jAtaH | caksho sUryo ajAyata |
mukhAdindraScAgniSca | prANAt vAyurajAyata || 14 ||
na_ya AasIdNtir]m!, zI:[aeR *aE> smvtRt,
pÑ(a< ÉUimidRz> ïaeÇat!, twa laeka‡ AkLpyn!. 15.

nAbhyA AsIt antariksham | SIrshNo dyauH samavartata |
padbhyAm bhUmirdiSa: SrotrAt | tathA lokAgum akalpayan || 15 ||
Introduction and word by word meanings for mantram 12 to 15:

SaayaNa’s overall observation on “yatpurusham vyadadhuH” is in the form of question and answer, the
creation of BrahmaNAs and others. The BrahmavAdins experience a doubt here:
At what stage (when) did the devAs, who are the prANa rUpam of PrajApati created VirAD Purushan through
their sankalpam? (prajApateH praNarUpA devA yat yadA purusham virAD rUpam vyadadhuH?
sankalpenotpAtivantaH tadAnIm katidhA gatibhiH prAkArair‐vyakalpayat vividham kalpitavantaH, esha
sAmAnya rUpaH praSnaH mukham kimityAdayo viSesha praSnaH”).
Word by word meaning of mantram 12

yat ‐ When
yat purusham vyadadhuH? ‐ When did the devAs of the form of prANan created the VirAD Purushan through
their sankalpam?
(tat) katidhA vyakalpayan? ‐ at that time, what are the forms in which they created Him (His limbs)?
asya mukham kim AsIt? ‐ What form did the face of this Purushan take?
bAhU kau ucyate? ‐ Who are described as His arms?
UrU pAdau kau ucyate? ‐ Who are His thighs and feet?

asya mukham brAhmaNaH AsIt ‐ VirAD Purushan’s (His) face became BrahmaNa jAti
bAhU rAjanyaH krtaH ‐ His hands were made to become the Kshatriya jAti
asya UrU yat tat vaiSya: ‐ His thighs became the VaiSya jAti
padbhyAm SUdrO ajAyata ‐ From His feet arose the SUdra jAti

manasaH ‐from the mind,
candramA jAtaH ‐ the Moon was born.
cakshoH: sUrya ajAyata ‐ from the eyes arose sUryan.
mukhAt indraH agniSca ‐ from the face were born Indran and Agni.
prANAt vAyuH ajAyata ‐ from the PrANan (life breath), vAyu manifested.

nAbhyAH antariksham AsIt ‐ from the navel, interstellar space (antariksham) appeared.
SIrshNaH dyau samavartata ‐ from the head, the svarga lokam got established well.
padbhyAm bUmiH ‐ from the feet, the earth arose.
SrotrAt diSaH ‐ from the ears of the VirAD Purushan, the directions came to be.
tathA lokAn akalpayan ‐ In this manner of mere sanklapam, all the nAma rUpa prapancam were created.
mantram 16:
vedahmet< pué;< mhaNtm!, AaidTyv[¡ tmsStu pare,
svaRi[ êpai[ ivicTy xIr>, namain k«Tva=iÉvdn! ydaSte. 16.

vedAhametam purusham mahAntam |
AdityavaraNam tamasastu pAre |
sarvANi rUpANi vicitya dhIraH |
nAmAni krtvAbhivadan yadAste || 16 ||
Introduction:
vedAhametam ‐ According to SaayaNa, the mantra drashTA, the seer, who visualized this mantram
articulates his dhyAna‐janita‐anubhavam (mantradrashtA svakIyam dhyAnAnubhavam prakaTayati). He

salutes this radiant and gigantic Purushan beyond all guNams and who has the hue of Adityan and states that
he knows this Purushan (etam purusham virAjam mahAntam sarvaguNairadikam Aditya varNam, Adityavat
prakASamAnam, vedAham jAnAmi, sarvatA anubhavAmI ityartha:). That Purushan exists on the other side of
tamas (i.e.), He is Suddha satvamayan (sa ca purushas‐tamas pAre aj~nAnAt parastAt vardhate). Without the
SAstropadeSam from an AcAryan, the ignorant ones are incapable of experiencing this Purushan (ato guru
SAstropadeSa‐rahitair‐mUDhaiH anubhavitumaSakhya ityarthaH).
tamasastu pAreH dhIraH nAmAni krtvA abhivadan Aste – SrI Ranganatha Muni observes:
By the 'tamas' Sabdam, prakrti is invoked. With his intellect/mind, enjoying the the creation of the nAma
rUpa prapancam, this heroic One exists (tamaH Sabdena prakrtirucyate; dhiyA ramamANaH san nAmAni
krtvA‐abhivadan‐yadAste).
SrImat RaamAyaNam refers to this Parama Purushan, who is Lord Raamacandran at two KaaNDams, once
through the word of Sage ViSvAmitrar and next through the words of Mandodari, the wife of RaavaNan:
Ah< veiÒ mhaTman< ram< sTypra³mm!,
visóae=ip mhatejae ye ce #me tpis iSwta>.

aham vedmi mahAtmAnam rAmam satyaparAkramam |
vasishTho'api mahAtejo ye ce me tapasi sthitAH || ‐‐‐Sage ViswAmitrA
tms> prmae xata zŒc³gdaxr>,
ïIvTsvúaa inTyïIrjYy> zañtae Øuv>.

tamasaH paramo dhAtA sankha‐cakra gadAdharaH |
SrIvatsavakshA nitya SrIrajayyaH SASvato dhruvaH || ‐‐‐ Queen MaNDodhari
Word by word meaning of the mantram:

sarvANi rUpANi vicitya ‐ creating all rUpams (forms/rUpa prapancam)
nAmAni krtvA abhivadan ‐ and providing them names (nAma prapancam), enters in to them and commands
them from with in,
yat dhIraH Aste, etam dhIram purusham aham veda ‐ I know that heroic Purushan performing all of the
above vyavahArams (abhivadan)
etam dhIram, mahAntam, Aditya varNam tamasastu pAre purusham aham veda ‐ That glorious and heroic
Purushan shining like the Adityan and who is beyond the tamo guNam, Him I know.
mantram 17:
xata purSta*mudajhar, z³> àivÖaNàidzítö>,
tmev< ivÖanm&t #h Évit, naNy> pNwa Aynay iv*te. 17.


dhAtA purastAt yamudAjahAra |
Sakra: pravidvAn pradiSaH catasraH |
tamevam vidvAnAmrta iha bhavati |
nAnyaH panthA ayanAya vidyate || 17 ||
yam dhAtA purastAt udAjahAra ‐ that Purushan, whom at the beginning of creation, caturmukha BrahmA
recognized as the Supreme Lord (Parama Purushan) and revealed Him as such to all,
pratiSaH catasraH SakraH pravidvAn ‐ of whom and whose Vaibhavam, Indran comprehended fully in all four
directions,
tam evam vidvAn, iha amrtaH bhavati ‐ One who understands that Parama Purushan in this manner will
become liberated (muktan) in this birth itself,
ayanAya anya: panthA na vidyate ‐ for attaining Moksham, there is no other way. “ayanAya” means amrta /
moksha prAptaye.
Comments:
dhAtA purastAt ‐ During the ancient times (pUrvasmin kAle), caturmukha BrahmA recognized the One
standing before him as the cause for his existence and said:
You are ancient to me; Sir, please do this creation first (pUrvasmin kAle caturmukhaH yamAt manaH kAraNa‐
bhUtam udAjahAra, “tvam vai pUrvam sama bhUH, tvamidam pUrvam kurushva” iti). Indran, who gained
j~nAnam about Parama Purushan from Sage Vaamadevar also celebrated the Parama Purushan as Adi
KaaraNam (cakraH vAmadevAdigata parama purusha j~nAna indraSca pravidvAn prakrshTa j~nAnaH
yamudAjahAra parama kAraNatvena udAhrdavAn). Thus all the four directions from East onwards celebrated
this Parama Purushan as jagat kAraNan; by the dig Sabdam, the lord of these directions are also
meant (tathA prstiSaScatasraH prAkATayat caatasro diSaH, atha vA diSaH vidhiSca yamudAjahUH, dig
Sabdena digadipatayaH purushAH lakshyante).
amrta iha bhavati ‐ yatA virAD purushohamiti sAkshAt karoti tadAnIm vartamAna dehasya tatsvarUpatva‐
abhAvAt tan maraNenAyamupAsako na mriyate; na hi karmasahasrairapyamrtavam sampAdayitum Sakyate
ayanam ‐ nigaNDu includes 'ayanam' with mukti (ayanam nilaye marge muktau cApi pragadhyate).
mantram 18
y}en y}myjNt deva>, tain xmaRi[ àwmaNyasn!,
te h nak< mihman> scNte, yÇ pUveR saXya> siNt deva>. 18.

yaj~nena yaj~namayajanta devAH |
tAni dharmANi prathamAnyAsan |
te ha nAkam mahimAnaH sacante |
yatra pUrve sAdhyAH santi deVaH || 18 ||

Introduction:
SrIman AnnA quotes a statement from swAmi VivekAnanda, which provides an inspiring message in the
context of tyAgam, yAgam and amrtatvam (na karmaNA prajayA dhanena, tyAgenaikena amrtatva mAnasuH).
SwAmi VivekAnandha says:
“With out tyAgam and yAgam, no big deed can be accomplished for the well being of the world. Did not
VirAD Purushan make the tyAgam of Himself by Himself in the srshTi yAgam? Oh people! Sacrifice Your
pleasures, delights and instruments of delight, your name, glory and position as well as your lives to build a
human bridge. Over that bridge huge assemblies of men will travel and cross the ocean of samsAram.”
Word by word meanings:

devAH yaj~nena yaj~nam ayajanta ‐ The devAs worshipped the yaj~na Purushan with this mAnasa yaj~nam
tAni dharmANi prathamAni Asan ‐ The dharmams associated with this yaj~nam attained the superiority
(primal status) over other dharmAs (upAsanA mArgams)
yatra pUrve sAdhyAH devAH santi nAkam te mahimAnaH sacante ‐ Where the sAdhyA devAs (Adi upAsakAs)
are, the great ones comprehending the upAsanA dharmams of the mAnasa yAgam will also reach.
'nAkam' is usually given the meaning of svarga lokam. Here, 'nAkam' has to be understood as the Supreme
abode of VishNu‐nArAyaNan as indicated by the VarAha PurANa vAkyam:
“nAko vishNur‐jagat svAmI vAsudevaH sanAtanaH”
In reality, the world of residence of sAdhyA devAs is recognized as SrI VaikuNTham (parama vyomni); the
other devAs live in a lower lokam (svarga lokam) ruled by Indran, where one lives until their puNyams are
exhausted and then the jIvan returns to the samsAric world. sAdhya devAs and the mukta jIvans who
successfully completed the prapatti or bhakti yogam reach SrI VaikuNTham, enjoy paripUrNa brahmAnandam
there and never return to the samsAric world (na hi punarAvartate).

uttara anuvAkam
It has seven mantrams and a Saanti pATham.
mantram 1
AÑ(> s<ÉUt> p&iwVyE rsa½, ivñkmR[> smvtRtaix,
tSy Tvòa ivdxÔƒpmeit, tTpué;Sy ivñmajanm¢e. 1.

adbhyaH sambhUta: prthivyai rasAcha |
viSvakaramaNaH samavartAdhi |

tasya tvashTA vidadhat rUpameti |
tat purushasya viSvamAjAnamagre || 1 ||

adbhyaH rasAt ‐ from the essence of the water,
prthivyai rasAt ‐ from the essence of the earth
sambhUtaH ‐ the brahmANDam arose.
viSvakarmaNaH ‐ from the creator of the world, the Lord of all
adhi (virAD) samavartata ‐ the abhimani of brahmANDam, the VirAD Purushan appeared.
tvashTA tasya rUpam vidadhat eti ‐ The Lord of the Universe (tvashTA) pervades everywhere in the fourteen
worlds through the rUpam of the VirAD Purushan that He created.
Comments:
viSvakarmaNaH ‐ SaayaNa comments on the jagat kartA, ViSvakarmA and identifies Him as sarveSvaran.
viSvakarmANat atisamvartatAdikhyena nishpanno yo'yam brahmANdaAbhimAnI cetanaH pumAn so'yam

ISvarAmSam; tasya virAD purushasya rUpam caturdaSa loka rUpAvayava‐samstAnam vidadhan –
nishpAdayams‐tvashTA viSvakarmA jagadISvaraH eti pravarttadhe sarvam jagadagre srshTyAtA vAjAnam
sarvata utpannam ‐
SaayaNa points out that the brahmANDam arose then from the combination of the essence (sArAmsam) of
water and earth. After that brahmANDAbhimAni, VirAD Purushan manifested. He is an amSam of
ViSvakarmA.
nishpannaH means born. That VirAD Purushan’s rUpam was established with its limbs and form in all the
fourteen lokams.
mantram 2:
vedahmet< pué;< mhaNtm!, AaidTyv[¡ tms> prStat!,
tmev< ivÖanm&t #h Évit, naNy> pNwa iv*tey=nay. 2.

vedAhamedam purusham mahAntam |
AdityyavarNam tamasaH parastAt |
tamevam vidvAnamrta iha bhavati |
nAnyaH panthA vidyate'yanAya || 2 ||

etam mahAntam AdityavarNam tamasaH parastAt purusham aham vedaH ‐I comprehend this glorious

Purushan having the lustre of the Sun and who is beyond the darkness (tamas)
tam evam vidvAn iha (muktaH) bhavati ‐ One who understands this Purushan in this manner becomes fully
liberated (muktan) in this very life
ayanAya anyaH panthA na vidhyate ‐ For gaining moksham, there is no other way except to comprehend the
true form and nature of this Cosmic Purushan.
mantram 3:
àjapitírit gÉeR ANt>, Ajaymanae b÷xa ivjayte,
tSy xIra> pirjaniNt yaeinm!, mrIcIna< pdimCDiNt vexs>. 3.

prajApatiScarati garbhe antaH |
ajAyamAno bahudhA vijAyate |
tasya dhIrAH parijAnanti yonim |
marIcInAm padamicchanti vedhasaH || 3 ||

prajApatiH garbhe antaH carati ‐ The Parama Purushan, who is the abhimana devatA of brahmANDam resides
inside the Prapancam.
ajAyamAnaH bahudhA vijAyate ‐ He manifests in many ways without being born.
tasya yonim dhIrAH parijAnanti ‐ The wise ones investigate His true, inherent nature (svarUpam).
vedhasaH marIcInAm padam icchanti ‐ The ones entrusted with duties of creation desire to attain the padavI
(status) of the j~nAnis like Sage MarIci try to comprehend this Purushan’s true svarUpam.
Comments:
SaayaNa’s comments on this mantram is:
brahmANDa rUpe garbhe antar‐madhye prajApatir vigrahavAn bhUtvA carati ‐ prajApati resides inside (in the
middle of) the Prapancam in an embodied form.
sa ca vAstavena rUpeNa satyam j~nAnam anantam brahmetyAdi Srtya pratipAdanAt ajAyamAna eva tatApi
mAyikhena rUpeNa bahudhA stAvara jangamAdi bahuprAkAro viSeshena jAyate ‐
As the Srutis salute Him as the sacchidAnanda brahman, who is never born but takes through His mAyA,
many sentient and insentient forms and shines in this Prapancham.
tasya prajApater yonim jagat kAraNa rUpam vAstavam svarUpam dhIrAH dhayiryavanto yogena drtendriyA
mahAtmAno jAnanti ‐
The great ones with control of their limbs and the power of yogam comprehend the true form of the Lord as
the Creator of the Universe.

vedaso vidhAtAraH srshTi kartAras‐tamevopAsya marIcInAm, marIcI‐atri pramukhAnAm maharshINAm
padam jagadutpAdakatva lakshaNam icchanti
‐ These adhikAris commended for the srshTi kAryam meditate on the Parama Purushan alone and desire the
gaining of the status of great Rshis like MarIcI and atri to engage in srshTi kAryam through the power of their
upAsanA.
mantram 4
yae deve_y Aatpit, yae devana< puraeiht>,
pUvaeR yae deve_yae jat>, nmae écay äaüye. 4.

yo devebhya Atapati |
yo devAnAm purohitaH |
pUrvo yo devebhyo jAtaH |
namo rucAya bAhmaye || 4 ||

yaH devebhyaH Atapati ‐ That One, who shines as the caitanyam inside the devAs to bring out their daivika
(divine) attributes,
yaH devAnAm purohitaH ‐ That One who leads the way in the travel on the auspicious path and thus serves
as the purohita for the devAs,
yaH devebhyo pUrva jAtaH ‐ That One, who was born before the devAs as HiraNyagarbhan,
rucAya brAhma ye namaH ‐ To That self‐luminous Parabrahamam are our salutations (namaskArams)!
Comments:
SaayaNa comments:
yaH parameSvaro devobhyo devArtham Atapati, sarvatra prakASate ‐ This ParameSvaran shines everywhere
for the benefit of the devAs.
devAnAm devatva siddhaye tattat hrdayeshu caitanya rUpeNa praviSya Avirbhavati ‐ For making devAs
display devatvam (divinity), He enters their heart lotuses in the form of caitanyam (Self‐effulgent ISvaran)
and resides there.
yaccha devAnAm purohito brhaspatir bhavati ‐ He became the brhaspati/Purohitar for the devAs
yaccha devebhyaH pUrvo jata hiraNyagarbha rupennotpannaH "hiraNyagarbhaH samavartatAgre” iti SruteH
tAdrSya rucayA rocamAnAya svayam‐prakASAya, brahmaye parabrahma svarUpAya, brAhmaNe vedena
pratipAdyAya vA namo namaskAro'stu ‐
May our namaskArams be unto Him, who was born before the devAs as the svayam jyoti hiraNyagarbha
parabrahmam and is celebrated as the forerunner of the devAs in Srutis as “hiraNyagarbhaH

samavartatAgre!”
mantram 5
éc< äaüm! jnyNt>, deva A¢e tdäuvn!,
ySTvEv< äaü[ae iv*at!, tSy deva Asn! vze. 5.

rucam brAhamam janayantaH |
devA agre tadabruvan |
yastvaivam brAhmaNo vidyAt |
tasya devA asan vaSe || 5 ||

brahmam rucam janayantaH devAH agre tat abruvan ‐ devAs talked about that Parabrahmam at the
beginning to spread the j~nAnam about and ruci (taste) for Parabrahmam in this way:
yastu brAhmaNaH evam vidyAt tasya devAH vase asan ‐ Whoever has the predisposition to know about this
Supreme brahman and comprehends Him as such, for them the devAs will be under their beck and call.
mantram 6:
ÿIí te lúmIí pTNyaE, AhaeraÇe pañeR,
n]Çai[ êpm!, AiñnaE VyaÄm!. 6.

hrISca te lakshmISca patnyau | ahorAtre pArSve |
nakshatrANi rUpam | aSvinau vyAttam || 6 ||

hrISca lakshmISca te patnyau ‐ hrI devi and lakshmI devi are Your wives.
hrI devi (BhUmi devi) is the lajjAbhimAni devatA and lakshmI is the ISvaryAbhimAni devatA.
ahorAtre pArSve ‐ The day and night are Your sides (pakkangaL).
nakshatrANi rUpam ‐ Your body is of the form of the nakshatra MaNDalam (array of Stars).
aSvinau vyAttam ‐ aSvini devAs are Your fully blossomed sacred mouth (tiruvAy).
mantram 7
#ò< min;a[, Amu< min;a[, sv¡ min;a[. 7.

ishTam manishANa | amum manishANA | sarvam manishANa || 7 ||

ishTam manishANa ‐ Oh Parama Purusha! Please grant us the boon of divya j~nAnam that we desire!
amum manishANa ‐ Please grant us the delights of this universe!
sarvam manishANa ‐ Please grant us all the bliss both in this and the other world!
Saanti pATham (Prayer for the three types of Peace and Tranquility)
Aae< tCD< yaerav&[Imhe, gatu< y}ay, gatu< y}ptye, dEvISviStrStu n>, SviStmaRnu;e_y>, ^Xv¡ ijgatu
Ée;jm!, z< nae AStu iÖpde, z< ctu:pde, Aae< zaiNt> zaiNt> zaiNt>.
om taccham yorAvrNImahe | gAtum yaj~nAya | gAtum yaj~napataye |
daivIsvastirastu naH | svastirmAnushebhyaH | Urdhvam jigAtu bheshajam |
Sam no astu dvipade | Sam catushpade | om SAntiH SAntiH SAntiH ||
Meaning:
Oh Lord! We beseech with ardor the auspicious karmA that will confer peace and tranquility by warding off
the sufferings for the present times and for the future times. May mangaLams be with the two‐footed! May
auspiciousness be with the four‐footed! May all the three kinds of Peace prevail!
Note: Purusha sUkta (samhAra‐srshTi‐sthiti) nyAsam, dhyAnam and the mantrams related to it
are important to know for one, who wishes to perform Purusha sUkta pUjA vidhAnam. The Purusha sUkta
homam and the ways (vidhiH) to perform it for loka kshemam are equally important. Two more knowledge
base regarding Purusha sUktam are:
1. Purusha sUkta vaibhavam as taught by mudgalopanishat and
2. the Purusha sUkta mantrArtha nirUpaNam as explained in the ahirbudhnya samhitA of the pAncarAtra
Agamam.
The conclusion of the nirUpaNam is:
hiraNyagarbho viSvAtmA sa purusha ihcayate
Sesham tu lokataH siddham ity'yam sokta IdruSaH

purusha sUkta vyAkhyAnam sampUrNam


mudgala upanishat
After the meanings of the Purusha sUkta mantrams and commentaries on them, we will focus now on other
source materials related to Purusha sUktam:
1. Purusha sUkta nyAsam
2. Purusha sUkta homa vidhi
3. Purusha sUkta pUjA vidhAnam
4. mudgala upanishat
5. Purusha sUkta vaibhavam (mudgala upanishat) and
6. Purusha sUkta mantrArtha nirUpaNam from ahirbudhnya samhitA
Note: Please see Appendix 1 for topics 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5
Let us study the mantrams of mudgala upanishat first, which is a Upanishat belonging to Rg Vedam’s
mudgala SaakhA. It has four parts and sixteen mantrams.
This upanishat starts with a majestic announcement:
AaE< pué;sUáwRin[Ry< VyaOyaSyam>
pué;s<ihtaya< pué;sUáwR> s<¢he[ àaeCyte,

om purushasUktArtha nirNayam vyakhyAsyAmaH
purushasamhitAyAm purushasUktArthaH sangraheNa procyate |
(The determination of the meanings of the purushasUkta mantrams will be done. The meanings of the
mantrams will be provided in a succinct manner).
There is an excellent translation of the sixteen mantrams of this Upanishat and its SAnti pATham by Dr. A.G.
KrishNa Warrier that has been published by The Theosophical Publishing House of Chennai. In this series of
postings, aDiyEn will refer to Dr. A.G.K. Warrier’s English Translation and link it to the mUlam text of the
Mudgala Upanishat.
The SAnti pATham at the beginning is:
Aae< va'! me mnis àitióta mnae me vaic
àitiótamaivravImR @ix.
vedSy m Aa[ISw>, ïut< me ma àhasIrnenaxIte-
nahaeraÇaNsNdxaMy&t< vid:yaim sTy< vid:yaim.
tNmamvtu tÖármvtu Avtu mamvtu vármvtu várm!.

om vAng me manasi pratishThitA mano me vAci
pratishThitAmAvirAvIrma edhi ||
vedasya ma ANIsthaH | Srutam me mA prahAsIranenAdhIte‐
nAhorAtrAnsandadhAmyrtam vadishyAmi satyam vadishyAmi ||
tanmAmavatu tadvaktAramavatu avatu mAmavatu
vaktAramavatu vaktAram ||
Meaning:
om! May my speech be based on (i.e. in accord) with the mind; May my mind be based on speech. Oh Self‐
effulgent One, Reveal Thyself to me. May You both (speech and mind) be the carriers of the VedA to me!
May not all that I have heard depart from me! I shall join together (i.e., obliterate the difference of) day and
night through this study. I shall utter what is verbally true; I shall utter what is mentally true. May that
Brahman protect me; May that Brahman protect the speaker (i.e., the teacher), may that protect me; May
that protect the speaker – may that protect the speaker!
Om! Let there be Peace in me! Let there be peace in my environment! Let there be peace in the forces that
act on me!
There are four parts in this upanishat.
The first part of the Mudgala Upanishat provides a summary of Purusha sUktam:
Upanishat mUlam:
shözI;eRTyÇ szBdae=nNtvack>,
AnNtyaejn< àah dza¼‚lvcStwa.

sahasraSIrsheti atra saSabdo'nantavAcakaH |
ananta yojanam prAha daSAngula vacas‐tathA ||
sahasraSIrsheti atra saSabdo'nantavAcakaH
by “sahasraSIrsheti”, the thousand–headed, it is meant here, countless (ananta vAcakaH).
ananta yojanam prAha daSAngula vacas‐tathA
by “daSAngula vacaH” or the mention of ten fingers refers to the immeasurable, infinite distance.
tSy àwmya iv:[aedeRztae VyaiÝrIirta,

tasya prathamayA vishNordeSato vyAptirIritA
by the first mantram, the Purushan’s (VishNu’s) pervasion (vyApti) in space is stated.


The first mantram of the Purusha sUktam:
shözI;aR pué;>, shöa]> shöpat!,
s ÉUim< ivñtae v&Tva, ATyitóÎza¼‚lm!. 1.

sahasraSIrshA purushaH | sahasrAkshaH sahasrapAt |
sa bhUmim viSvato vrtvA | atyatishThaddaSAngulam || 1 ||
The first part of the Upanishat now continues with the second mantram touching on kAla vyApti
pué; @ved~ svRm!, yÑƒt< y½ ÉVym!,
%tam&tTvSyezan>, ydÚenaitraehit. 2.
purusha evedagum sarvam | yadbhUtam yacca bhavyam |
utAmutatvasyeSAnAH | yadannenAtirohati || 2 ||
The third Purusha sUkta mantram salutes the power of VishNu alone to give moksham
@tavanSy mihma, Atae Jyaya~í pUé;>,
padae=Sy ivña ÉUtain, iÇpadSyam&t< idiv. 3.

etAvAnasya mahimA | ato jyAyAgumSca pUrushaH |
pAdo'sya viSvA bhUtAni | tripAadasyAmrtam divi || 3 ||
The glories of Hari are celebrated by the word “etAvAn” and “etena”.
@tavainit mNÇe[ vEÉv< kiwt< hre>,
@tenEv c mNÇe[ ctuVyURhae ivÉai;t>.

etAvAniti mantreNa vaibhavam kathitam hareH |
etenaiva ca mantreNa caturvyUho vibhAshitaH ||
SrI aniruddha Vaibhavam is celebrated by the word, “tripAdityanayA”
Let us study four more padams from the Purusha sUkta mantram and connect them to the srshTi and mukti
tattvams
1. tSmaiÖraifTynya padnaray[aÏre>,
àk«te> pué;Syaip smuTpiÄ> àdizRta.

tasmAt virADityanayA pAdanArAyaNAt hareH |
prakrteH purushasyApi samutpattiH pradarSitA ||

The appearance of the aniruddha vyUha mUrti is referred to here and the manifestation of radiant
brahmANDam and its abhimAni devata, brahman are indicated here.
2. yTpué;e[eTynya s&iòy}> smIirt>,
yatpurushenaityanayA srshTi yaj~naH samIritaH |
With the word, “yatpurusheNa”, the srshTi yAgam is referred to.
The corresponding Purusha sUkta mantram here is:
yTpué;e[ hiv;a, deva y}mtNvt,

yat purusheNa havishA | deVa yaj~namatanvata |
3. The links to the samidh for the yaj~nam is indicated by the Upanishat mantram:
sÝaSyasNpirxy> simxí smIirta

saptAsyAsan paridhayaH samidhaSca samIritA
The corresponding Purusha sUkta mantram is:
sÝaSyasNpirxy>, iÇ> sÝ simx> k«ta>,

saptAsyAsan paridhayaH | triH sapta samidha: krtAH |
4. vedahimit mNÇa_ya< vEÉv< kiwt< hre>. 8.
y}eneTyups<har> s&òemaeR]Sy ceirt>,
y @vmet¾anait s ih muáe Éveidit.

vedAhamiti mantrAbhyAm vaibhavam kathitam hare |
yaj~nena ityupasamhAraH srshTermokshasya ceritaH |
ya evametat jAnAti sa hi mukto bhavaditi ||
The corresponding Purusha sUkta manatram is:
vedahmet< pué;< mhaNtm!, AaidTyv[¡ tmsStu pare,
svaRi[ êpai[ ivicTy xIr>, namain k«Tva=iÉvdn! ydaSte.
xata purSta*mudajhar, z³> àivÖaNàidzítö>,
tmev< ivÖanm&t #h Évit, naNy> pNwa Aynay iv*te.

vedAhametam purusham mahAntam |
AdiytavarNam tamasatu pAre |

sarvANi rUpANi vicitya dhIraH |
nAmAni krtvA'bhivadan yadAste ||
dhAtA purastAt yamudAjahAra |
SakraH pravidvAn pradiSaH catasra
tamevam vidvAnamrta iha bhavati |
nAnyaH panthA ayanAya vidhyate ||
The second part of the mudgala upanishat:

The second part of the Upanishat sheds light on the mystery of creation and touches on the origin of Purusha
sUktam as upadeSam of BhagavAn Vaasudevan to Indra. It concludes with the declaration that whoever
knows this creation and liberation tattvams, as visualized in Purusha sUktam lives a full life.
“The Purusha described above gave up the object, which was beyond the scope of name and form, hard for
worldly people to understand and took a form with a thousand parts and capable of giving mokshA on sight,
for uplifting the suffering devAs and others. In that form, pervading the world he was beyond it by an infinite
distance. This nArAyaNan is the past, present and the future. And is the giver of mokshA for all. He is greater
than the greatest ‐ none is greater than He.
He made Himself into four parts and with three of them exists in the heaven. By the fourth, the aniruddha
(form of) nArAyaNan, all worlds have come to be. This (part of) nArAyaNan (aniruddha nArAyaNan) taught
BrahmA the work of Creation (srshTi kAryam)”.
The third part of the mudgala Upanishat:

The third part focuses on the section of Purusha sUktam that salutes the single God becoming many: “The
unborn" is born as many (ajAyamAno bahudhA vijAyate).
The fourth and conclusive part refers to the upadeSam done by a Guru to a SishyA on Purusha sUkta
mantrams and meanings.
“The Guru shall impart this in a pure place, during a sacred nakshatram, after regulating the vital airs to the
humble disciple, in the right ear. It should not be done too often – it would become stale but as often as
needed, in the ear”. It warns against imparting this sacred knowledge to one who is not initiated in to the
VedAs, one who does not perform yAga‐yaj~nams and “is a non‐VaishNava”. It warns further against
instruction on the Purusha sUkta mantrAs to “a non‐yogin”, a talkative person, a harsh talker and one who
takes more than one year to learn and the discontented.
Tight boundaries are thus set as to who should be initiated by the Guru to underline the sacredness and
mystery of jagat srshTi. The benefits accruing to One by comprehending the mystery of Creation as visualized
by the Purusha sUkta mantrams during one’s life here itself are elaborated.
The fourth part of the mudgala Upanishat:

The fourth part describes further the phalans arising from a clear understanding of the Purusha sUkta
Mantrams:

Brahman has the freedom from the three fold tApams (tApa trayam), six waves (shaDUrmi‐s) and five
sheaths. The three tApams are: 1) AdhyAtmikam, 2) Adhibautikam and 3) Adhidaivikam.
The six enemies are lust etc. The five sheaths are: 1) Food, 2) vital airs, 3) mind, 4) cognition and 5) bliss.
The six UrmI‐s/waves /transformations are: 1) hunger, 2) thirst, 3) sorrow, 4) delusion, 5) old age and 6)
death.
One who understands that the Lord (Parama Purushan) as the MokshopAyam through the mantrams of
Purusha sUktam becomes muktan in this birth itself and there are no other paths to Moksham (tamevam
vidvAn amrta iha bhavati nAnyaH panthA ayanAya vidyate).
mudgala upanishat sampUrNam


pué;sU´ Nyasm!
purusha sUkta nyAsam

ASy ïI pué;sU´ Nyas mhamNÇSy, ANtyaRim Égvan! naray[ \i;> AaXySy pÂdzcRSy Anuòup!
DNd>, ïI ÉUim nI¦a smet ïI mhaiv:[u devta, pué; @veit bIjm!, naNy pNwa #it zi´>,
@tavanSyeit kIlkm!, ïI ÉUim nI¦a smet ïI mhaiv:[u àsad isÏyw¡ pué;sU´ mhamNÇjpe ivinyaeg>.
asya SrI purusha sUkta nyAsa mahAmantrasya | antaryAmi bhagavAn nArAyaNa rshiH Adhyasya
pancadaSarcasya anushTup chandaH | SrI bhUmi nILA sameta SrI mahAvishNu devatA | purusha eveti
bIjam| nAnya panthA iti SaktiH | etAvAnasyeti kIlakam | SrI bhUmi nILA sameta SrI mahAvishNu prasAda
siddhayartham purushasUkta mahAmantrajape viniyogaH ||
Aae< ÉU> pué;ay¼‚óa_ya< nm>

om bhUH purushAyangushThAbhyAm namaH
Aae< Éuv> mhapué;ay tjRnI_ya< nm>

om bhuvaH mahApurushAya tarjanIbhyAm namaH
Aae‡ suv> äüpué;ay mXyma_ya< nm>

ogum suvaH brahmapurushAya madhyamAbhyAm namaH
Aae< mh> iv:[u pué;ay Anaimka_ya< nm>

om mahaH vishNu purushAya anAmikAbhyAm namaH
Aae< jn> éÔpué;ay nm>

om janaH rudrapurushAya namaH
Aae< tp> Aae‡ sTy< svRpué;ay krtlkrp&óa_ya< nm>

om tapaH ogum satyam sarvapurushAya karatalakaraprshThAbhyAm namaH
Aae< ÉU> pué;ay ùdyay nm>

om bhUH purushAya hrdAya namaH
Aae< Éuv> mhapué;ay izrse Svaha

om bhUvaH mahApurushAya Sirase svAhA


Aae‡ suv> äüpué;ay izoayE vaE;q!

ogum suvaH brahmapurushAya SikhAyai vaushaT
Aae< mh> iv:[upué;ay kvcay ÷m!

om mahaH vishNupurushAya kavacAya hum
Aae< jn> éÔpué;ay neÇay vaE;q!

om janaH rudrapurushAya netrAya vaushaT
Aae< tp> Aae‡ sTy< svRpué;y Aôay )q!

om tapaH ogum satyam sarvapurushaya astrAya phaT
ÉUÉuRvsuvraeimit idGbNx>
bhUrbhuvasuvaromiti digbandhaH
Xyanm! - dhyAnam
gaei]rÉ< pu{frIkyta]< c³aBja_y< zŒ kaEmedkI_ya<,
ïI ÉUim_yamicRt< yaegpIQe Xyayet! pUjyet! paEé;e[.
l< p&iwVyaTmne gNx< smpRyaim
hm! AakazaTmne pui:p> pUjyaim
y< vaYvaTmne xUpma¢apyaim
rm! AGNyamaTmne dIp< dzRyaim
vm! Am&taTmne Am&t< mhanEveXy< invedyaim
s< svaRTmne svaeRpacar pUja< smpRyaim.

gokshirabham puNDarIkayatAksham cakrAbjAbhyam Sankha kaumedakIbhyAm SrI bhUmibhyAmarcitam
yogapIThe dhyAyet pUjayet paurusheNa ||
lam prthivyAtmane gandham samarpayAmi
ham AkASAtmane pushpiH pUjayAmi
yam vAyvAtmane dhUpamAgrApayAmi
ram agnyAmAtmane dIpam darSayAmi
vam amrtAtmane amrtam mahAnaivedhyam nivedayAmi

sam sarvAtmane sarvopAcAra pUjAm samarpayAmi ||
s<har s&iò iSwit Nyasa> vamkr< mNÇ> s<har Nyas> s&iò Nyas>
iSwit Nyas>
samhAra srshTi sthiti nyAsAH vAmakaram ‐ mantra: samhAra nyAsaH
srshTi nyAsaH sthiti nyAsaH:
1 shözI;aR .... dza¼‚lm! - vamkre izris naÉaE

1. saharasIrshA .... daSangulam ‐ vAmakare Sirasi nAbhau
2 pué; @ved~ .... ydÚenaitraehit - di][ kre Aú[ae> di][aeraE

2. purushaH evadagum .... yadannenAtirohati ‐ dhakshiNa kare akshNoH dakshiNorau
3 @tavanSy .... Am&t< idiv - vamcr[e vdne vamaeraE

3. etAvAnasya .... amrtam divi ‐ vAmacaraNe vadane vAmorau
4 iÇpaËXvR .... saznanzne AiÉ - di][ cr[e di][aMse di][ januin

4. tripAdUrvam .... sASanAnASane abhi ‐ dakshiNa caraNe dakshiNamse dakshiNa jAnuni
5 tSmaiÖrafjayt .... ÉUimmwae pur> - vam januin vamaMse vam januin

5. tasmAdvirADajAyata .... bhUmimatho puraH ‐ vAma jAnuni vAmAmse vAma jAnuni
6 yTpué;e[ .... zrÏiv> - di][ januin k{Qe di][ cr[e

6. yat purusheNa .... SaraddhaviH ‐ dakshiNa jAnuni kaNThe daksiNa caraNe
7 sÝaSyasn! .... pué;< pzum! - vamaeraEE ùdye vam cr[e

7. saptAsyAsan .... purusham paSum ‐ vAmorau hrdaye vAma caraNe
8 t< y}< bihRi; .... \;yí ye - di][aeraE naÉaE di][ kre

8. tam yaj~nam barhishi .... rshayaSca ye ‐ dakshiNorau nAbhau dakshiNa kare
9 tSma*}at! .... ¢aMyaí ye - naÉaE di][aeraE vam kre

9. tasmA yaj~nat .... grAmyASca ye ‐ nAbhau dakshiNorau vAma kare
10 tSma*}at! .... yjuStSmadjayt - ùdye vamaeraE izris

10 tasmAt yaj~nAt .... yajustasmAdajAyata ‐ hrdaye vAmorau Sirasi
11 tSmadña .... tSma¾ata Ajavy> - k{Qe di][ januin Aú[ae>

11. tasmAdaSva .... tasmAjjAta ajAvayaH ‐ kaNThe dakshiNa jAnini akshNoH
12 yTpué;< .... padavuCyete - vamaMse vam januin vdne

12. yat purusham .... pAdAvucyate ‐ vAmAmse vAma jAnuni vadane
13 äaü[ae=Sy .... zUÔae Ajayt - di][aMse di][ cr[e di][aMse

13. brAhmaNo'sya .... SUdro ajAyata ‐ dakshiNAmse dakshiNa caraNe dakshiNAmse
14 cNÔma .... àa[aÖayurjayt - vdne vam cr[e vamaMse

14. candramA .... prANAdvAyurajAyata ‐ vadane vAma caraNe vAmAmse
15 na_ya AasIt! .... AkLpyn! - Aú[ae> di][kre k{Qe

15. nAbhyA AsIt .... akalpayan ‐ akshNoH dakshiNakare kaNThe
16 vedahmet< .... AiÉvdn! ydaSte - izris vam kre ùdye

16. vedAhametam .... abhivadan yAdAste ‐ Sirasi vAma kare hrdaye
Aae< nmae naray[ay Aae< nmae naray[ay Aae< nmae naray[ay

om namo nArAyaNAya, om namo nArAyaNAya, om namo nArAyaNAya
There are sixteen sthAnams to remember to connect to the right mantram of Purusha sUktam as below:
vAma karam ‐ left hand; dakshiNa karam ‐ right hand; vAma caraNam ‐ left foot; dakshiNa caraNam ‐ right
foot; vAma jAnuni ‐ left knee; dakshiNa jAnuni ‐ right knee; vAmorau ‐ left thigh; dakshiNorau ‐ right thigh;
vadanam ‐ mouth; akshNo ‐ eye; Siras ‐ head; dakshiNAmSe ‐ right shoulder; vAmAmSe ‐ left shoulder;
kaNTham ‐ neck; hrdayam ‐ heart; nAbhi ‐ navel.
purusha sUkta nyAsam sampUrNam


pué;sU´mNÇawRinêp[m!
(paÂraÇe AihbuRXNys<ihtaya< @kaen;iòtmae=Xyay>)

AihbuRXNy %vac -
sU´< tu paEé;< pu<s> prSmaÊiTwt< pura,
jgiÏtay lúMyaí ïIsU´< tTsmuÌtm!. 1.
nanaÉedàpaQ< tTpaEé;< sU´muCyte,
\cítö> keicÄu pÂ ;q! sÝ capre.
\c> ;aefz caPyNte twaòadz capre,
AxIyte tu pu<sU´< àitzao< tu Éedt>. 3.
smStjgÊTpiÄhetu> SvgaRpvgRd>,
paEé;ae manu;ae y}> sUé=iSmn! àitpa*te. 4.
tÇa*aiÉíts&iÉíaturaTMy< ivivCyte,
y> pr> pu{frIka]> prmaTma snatn>. 5.
ya c sa jgta< yaeinlRúmIStÏmR-ximR[I,
Égvan! vasudevae=sa-va*ya àitpa*te. 6.
shöa shga ySy shÉavmupeyu;I,
ïInaRm prma zi´> pU[R;af!gu{y iv¢ha. 7,
inSsás´kae yí inTy< sNsklaïy>,
shözI;R #Tyev< Égvan! pirgIyte. 8.
pU[RTvaRTpué;ae inTy< p&[ate> pUr[awRkat!,
Aîuterwbaîate r]ae=jerÂteét. 9.
A]> pué; %iÎòae y> àk«Tyaiïtae ivÉu>,
p*te> pir[amawaRTyidye; inéCyte. 10.
paidit àk«it> àaeá sa inTypir[aimnI,

;{[a< gu[ana< mXye ya zi´> sahö %Cyte. 11.
àxanpué;ae tSya> s&taE sgeR snatnaE,
tamevaip iïtaNvNte taE shöavt> Sm&taE. 12.
shöpué;aVy´ shöa]> shöpat!,
s ÉUim< ivñtae v&TveTyetenEv inêPyte. 13.
ydtITy s&t< ivñ< nanasÄaTmn> iSwit>,
kayeR ih kar[e yÄa pysae dixs<Éve. 14.
kay¡ sTsNttaE Kvaip kayeRyÄEv kar[e,
mxUiCDòmye ip{fe ywa==karaivyaeigin. 15.
nEv< Égvt> sgeR àitsgeR=ip casit,
kayeRyÄaTvmStIit s ÉUimiÉit v{yRte. 16.
ÉgVTyaijRtanIit zuÏazuÏmyain c,
ÉUim< jgÊyadan< ÉUimzÍirhaeCyte. 17.
zuÏazuÏ ivÉagae y> kal-pu<-àk«it-iSwt>,
s ÉUim< ivñtae v&Tva v&Tva ivòMy Sven tejsa. 18.
Svs»LpSvêpe[ àÉavPyy velyae>,
ASyitódtITyEv iSwtaE ÉUyae dza¼‚lm!. 19.
dza¼‚iliÉranNTy< kar[SyaepidZyte,
Aw s»;R[avSwa JgÏetuinRêPyte. 20.
yidd< †Zyte ivñ< ÉUtÉVyaTy êpkm!,
#d< pué; @vadaE iss&]ayamÉUt! ikl. 21.
pué;> SyNdit Vy´< sMyiGv}an yaejnm!,
At> pué; #Tyev< s»;R[ %dIyRte. 22.
itlkalkviÖñ< ibæi½dicdaTmkm!,
s»;R[ %deit Sm s @v< punéCyte. 23.

%tam&tTvSyezan #it tSyawR %Cyte,
AÚen ÉaeGyÉUten àk«itàak«taTmna. 24.
kals<kiltenEv nanakarivxaju;a,
Aicd<zen jIvaTma yiíd<zae=ixraehit. 25.
SvSwas<bNxpUv¡ y pUvRs¼vzaidh,
tSy sÌ‚[s<sgaRÚanabNx]ye sit. 26.
Am&tTv< SvêpaivÉaRv mae]apraþym!,
tSy s»;R[ae dev $zanae }an deznat!. 27.
s<saranl s<tÝ cetnanuij"&]ya,
s»;R[adyae iv:[uéCyte=w t&tIyya. 28.
@tavanSy mihma iv:[ae> s»;R[aTmn>,
ydy< x&tvan! ivñ< smuNmIlnmaidmt!. 29.
Jyayantae=ip pué;> à*uç %pkart>,
puê àk«itpu<êpaE pué;> s&jtIit yt!. 30.
ivñaepkarceòaiÉJyaRySTv< tSy v{yRte,
\ca turIyya sUé iÇpaËXv¡ %dEidit. 31.
devae=pirimtehSsÚinéÏae inêPyte,
pura sIdit kayaRi[ karyn! àai[nae=iolan!. 32.
)lain pué;e_yí snaeit i³yya=icRt>,
tt> pué; #TyevmininéÏae=iÉxIyte. 33.
puir sn! sn! puirvay< puraËXvRmudEt! prat!,
tdvSwen naºatimTywaeR=yimhaeCyte. 34.
padae=SyEka<z @veh cetnacetnaTmkm!,
ANtyaRimtya VyaiÝStÄiÚymneCDya. 35.
@tdev Vyni´h ttae iv:v'!ifit Tv&ca,

iv:vKsmNttae ÉUTva Vy³amTàaivzÓhu. 36.
saznazne àaeé cetnacetne %Ée,
tSmaiÖraifit àaeá ivraifœv*a praþya. 37.
ihr{ygÉaeR ivñaTma s pUé; #haeCyte,
ze;< tu laekt> isÏimTyy< sU´ $†z>. 38.|
. #it pué;sU´ mNÇawR inép[m!.

namo parama purushAya, SrIman nArAyaNAya,

dAsan,
Oppiliappan Koil VaradAchAri Sadagopan


SrI LakshmIhayagrIvar ‐ Mylapore SrII Vedanta DeSikar DevasthAnam
(Thanks: www.svdd.com)

Appendix-1
muÐlaepin;t!
pué;aeÄmivOyat< pU[¡ äü ÉvaMyhm!.
` va'! me mnis àitióta
mnae me vaic àitiótmaivravImR @ix.
vedSy m Aa[ISw>, ïut< me ma àhasIrnenaxIte-
nahaeraÇaNsNdxaMy&t< vid:yaim sTy< vid:yaim.
tNmamvtu tÖármvtu Avtu mamvtu vármvtu várm!.
` pué;sUáwRin[Ry< VyaOyaSyam>
pué;s<ihtaya< pué;sUáwR> s<¢he[ àaeCyte,
shözI;eRTyÇ szBdae=nNtvack>,
AnNtyaejn< àah dza¼‚lvcStwa. 1.
tSy àwmya iv:[aedeRztae VyaiÝrIirta,
iÖtIyya caSy iv:[ae> kaltae VyaiÝéCyte. 2.
iv:[aemaeR]àdTv< c kiwt< tu t&tIyya,
@tavainit mNÇe[ vEÉv< kiwt< hre>. 3.
@tenEv c mNÇe[ ctuVyURhae ivÉai;t>,
iÇpaidTynya àae´minéÏSy vEÉvm!. 4.
tSmaiÖraifTynya padnaray[aÏre>,
àk«te> pué;Syaip smuTpiÄ> àdizRta. 5.
yTpué;e[eTynya s&iòy}> smIirt>,
sÝaSyasNpirxy> simxí smIirta>. 6.
t< y}imit mNÇe[ s&iòy}> smIirt>,
AnenEv c mNÇe[ mae]í smudIirt>. 7.
tSmaidit c mNÇe[ jgTs&iò> smIirta,

vedahimit mNÇa_ya< vEÉv< kiwt< hre>. 8.
y}eneTyups<har> s&òemaeR]Sy ceirt>,
y @vmet¾anait s ih muáe Éveidit. 9. 1.
Aw twa muÌlaepin;id pué;sU´Sy vEÉv<
ivStre[ àitpaidtm!, vasudev #NÔay ÉgvJ}anmupidZy
punrip sU]mïv[ay à[tayeNÔay prmrhSyÉUt<
pué;sUá_ya< o{fÖya_yamupaidzt!,
ÖaE o{favuCyete, yae=y mu´> s pué;ae
namêp}anagaecr< s<sair[amitÊ}eRy<
iv;y< ivhay ¬ezaidiÉ> s<i¬òdevaidijhI;Rya
shöklavyvkLya[< †òmaÇe[ mae]zd<
ve;madde, ten ve;e[ ÉUMyaidlaek< VyaPyanNt-
yaejnmTyitót!, pué;ae naray[ae ÉUt< ÉVy<
Éiv:y½asIt!, s c svRSmaNmihçae Jyayan!,
tSmaÚ kae=ip Jyayan!, mhapué; AaTman<
ctuxaR k«Tva iÇpaden prme Vyaeiç casIt!, #tre[
ctuweRnainéÏnaray[en ivñaNyasn!, s c
padnaray[ae jgTöòu< àk«itmjnyt!, s
sm&Ïkay> sNs&iòkmR n ji}van!,
sae=inéÏnaray[StSmE s&iòmupaidzt!,
äü<StveiNÔyai[ yajkain XyaTva kaezÉUt<
†F< ¢iNwklevr< hivXyaRTva ma< hivÉuRj<
XyaTva vsNtkalmaJy< XyaTva ¢I:mimXm<
XyaTva zr†tu< rs< XyaTvEvm¶aE ÷Tva¼-
SpzaRTklevrae v¿< hI:yte, tt> SvkayaRNsvR-

àai[jIvaNs&:qva pña*a> àaÊÉRiv:yiNt,
tt> Swavrj¼maTmk< jgÑiv:yit, @ten
jIvaTmnaeyaeRgen mae]àkarí kiwt #TynusNxeym!,
y #m< s&iòy}< janait mae]àkar< c
svRmayureit. 2.
@kae devae b÷xa inivò Ajaymanae b÷xa ivjayte,
tmetmi¶irTyXvyRv %paste, yjuirTye; hId<
sv¡ yuni´, sameit DNdaega>, @tiSmNhId< sv¡
àitiótm!, iv;imit spaR>, spR #it spRivd>,
îgRit deva>, riyirit mnu:ya>, mayeTysura>,
Svxeit iptr>, devjn #it devjnivd>, êpimit gNxvaR>,
gNxvR #it APsrs>, t< ywaywaepaste twEv Évit,
tSmaÓ+aü[> pué;êp< pr<äüEvahimit
Éavyet!, tÔƒpae Évit, y @v< ved. 3.
tÓ+ü tapÇyatIt< ;q!kaezivinmuR´< ;fªimRvijRt<
pÂkaezatIt< ;f!ÉavivkarzUNymevmaid-
svRivl][< Évit, tapÇy< TvaXyaiTmkaixÉaEit-
kaixdEivk< kt&RkmRkayR}at&}an}ey-
Éae´«ÉaegÉaeGyimit iÇivxm!, Tv'!ma<szaei[taiSw-
õayum¾a> ;q!kaeza>, kam³aexlaeÉmaehmd-
maTsyRimTyir;f!vgR>, AÚmyàa[mymnaemy-
iv}anmyanNdmya #it pÂkaeza>,
iàyaTmjnnvxRnpir[am]ynaza> ;f!Éava>,
Aznayaippasazaekmaehjramr[anIit ;fªmRy>,
k…lgaeÇjaitv[aRïmêpai[ ;f!æma>,

@t*aegen prmpué;ae jIvae Évit naNy>,
y @tÊpin;d< inTymxIte sae=i¶pUtae Évit, s vayupUtae
Évit, s AaidTypUtae Évit, AraegI Évit, ïIma<í Évit,
puÇpaEÇaidiÉ> sm&Ïae Évit, ivÖa<í Évit,
mhapatkaTpUtae Évit, surapanaTpUtae Évit,
AgMyagmnaTpUtae Évit, mat&gmnaTpUtae Évit,
Êiht&õu;aiÉgmnaTpUtae Évit, Sv[RSteyaTpUtae Évit,
veidjNmhanaTpUtae Évit, guraerzuï;

U [aTpUtae Évit,
AyaJyyajnaTpUtae Évit, AÉúyÉ][aTpUtae Évit,
%¢àit¢haTpUtae Évit, prdargmnaTpUtae Évit,
kam³aexlaeÉmaehe:yaRidiÉrbaixtae Évit, sveR_y>
pape_yae muáe Évit, #h jNmin pué;ae Évit tSmadet-
Tpué;sUáwRmitrhSy< rajguý< devguý< guýadip
guýtr< nadIi]tayaepidzet!,
nanUcanay, nay}zIlay, navE:[vay,
nayaeigne, n b÷Éai;[e, naiàyvaidne,
nas<vTsrveidne, natuòay, nanxItvedayaepidzet!,
guérPyev<ivCDucaE deze pu{yn]Çe
àa[anayMy pué;< XyayÚupsÚay
iz:yay di][k[eR pué;sUáwRmupidzeiÖÖan!,
n b÷zae vdet!, yatyamae Évit, Ask«Tk[Rmupidzet!,
@tTk…vaR[ae=XyetaXyapkí #h jNmin pué;ae
ÉvtITyupin;t!.
` va'œme mnis àitióta mnae me vaic àitiót-
maivravImR @ix. vedSy m Aa[ISw> ïut< me ma

àhasIrnenaxItenahaeraÇaNsNdxaMy&t< vid:yaim
sTy< vid:yaim. tNmamvtu tÖármvtu Avtu
mamvtu vármvtu várm!.
` zaiNt> zaiNt> zaiNt>.
#it muÌlaepin;TsmaÝa.


Bhavgavad SrI RAmAnujar ‐ Tirukkacchi
(Thanks: SrI V.C.Govindarajan)
Appendix-1
ஷ ஸூத
(யாய,
யாய ஸாஹிய சிேராமண.
சிேராமண. உபயேவதாத வவா.
வவா.
. ேமமா.
ேமமா. நரஸி ஹ தாதாசாய வாமி)
வாமி)
இ#ஷஸூத எலா ேவத&கள)* ஓத#ப,- வகிற/.

வகிற/. இ#ஷ ஸூதைத#
க1/ ேபசாத ெப3யவகேள இைல.
இைல. ெப3ய பாதக&க45 #ராய6சிதமாக இ#ஷ
ஸூதைத ெஜப5 ப8 ெசாலியகிற/.
ெசாலியகிற/. ஷ ஸூததா வ9: யாகைத
நடதினா உலக ெசழி/ வள&5ெம> ெசால#ப-கிற/.
ெசால#ப-கிற/. ேவத வலவனான
அதணைன ெகாறவ@ ஷ ஸூதைத ஜலதி இ/ ெகாA- ெஜபதா
அ#பாதக ஒழிCெம> ெசா*கிறாகD.
ெசா*கிறாகD. ஷ ஸூததினா "ம நாராயணைன
நிைன/ ேஹாம ெசFபவ எலா பாப&கள)லி/ வ-ப,- ேமாGைத# ெப>வா
எ> பல 3ஷிகD பரக# ேபசியகிறாகD.
ேபசியகிறாகD. இத# ஷ ஸூததி ெபாD
Hகேலாபநிஷதி* ஷ ஸ ஹிைதய* ெவள)யட#ப,8கிற/.
ெவள)யட#ப,8கிற/. வ9:
ராணதி /வ பகவாைன ேதாதிர ெசFC ெபாI/ ஷ
ஷ ஸூதைத மனதி
ெகாA- ேதாதிர ெசFததாக# ெப3ேயாகD ெசாலியகிறாகD.
ெசாலியகிறாகD. வசி9டாைவத
ஸிதாததி நிணராகிய
நிணராகிய எ&களா1வா
எ&களா1வா
{ வ9:சிதாசி3ய)
வ9:சிதாசி3ய) எபவ வ9:
ராணதி Jயாயான ெசFதிகிறா.
ெசFதிகிறா. Kரதா1வா,
Kரதா1வா ப,ட,
ப,ட ேதசிக Hதலிய
வசி9டாைவத ஆசாயக4 ஷ ஸூததி மகிைமைய6 ெசாலியகிறாகD.
ெசாலியகிறாகD.
ஜககாரண மநாராயண.
மநாராயண. அவன)டமிேத இJMலக உAடாகிற/.
உAடாகிற/. அவேன
#ராணகள) நைமகாக ேவத&களாகிய வள5கைள அNஜானமாகிற இைள#
ேபாகிெகாDள ெகா-கிறா.
ெகா-கிறா. அவைன ஆசி3யைன ெகாA- தா அறிய
அறிய H8C .
H8C .
அவைன# ெப>வதO5 பதி,
பதி #ரபதி என இவழிகD உA-.
உA-. இJவரA- வழிகைளதவர
வழிகைளதவர
ேவ> வழிகளா அவைன அைடய H8யா/.
H8யா/. பதி,
பதி #ரபதிகைள ெகாA- அவைன
அைடதா இ ைமய* ,
இ ைமய* ம>ைமய* நா நம5 ேவA8ய பலகைள# ெபO>
வா1ேவா எப/ இ#ஷ ஸூததி ெசால#ப- திரAட ெபாD.
ெபாD. இ#ெபாைள
ெகாNச வவ3/ கீ ேழ வைரகிேறா .
வைரகிேறா . கைத அறி/ெகாDளாதவக4 ஷ
ஸூதைத ஓ/வாகேளயானா அத கைத அறித பகவா பயனள)#பா.
பயனள)#பா. பணகார3
வ,-
Q வாசலி ேபாF "பவதி,
பவதி பGா ேதஹி"
ேதஹி" எ> ஒவ ேக,டா,
ேக,டா இத க/ உன5
ெத3Cமா?
ெத3Cமா எறா ேக,கிறாகD வ,-காரகD.
Q
,-காரகD . ப6ைச
ப6ைச ேக,கிறாென> அறி/
அள)கவைலயா?
அள)கவைலயா அ/ேபா எறவா>.
எறவா>.
வ3M :- ய:
ய:பதியான நாராயண பர ,
பர JTஹ ,
JTஹ வபவ ,
வபவ அதயாமி,
அதயாமி அ6ைச எ> ஐ/
வதமான அவதார ெசFகிறா.
ெசFகிறா. ஒJெவா அவதாரதி* பதகைள கா#ப/ உA-
எபைத இ#ஷ ஸூத வளகி கா,-கிற/.
கா,-கிற/. ைததிVய உபநிஷதி இரAடாவ/
#ர6ன ேமOKறிய ஐ/ அவதார&கைள HதலிேலC Kறி H85 ேபா/ இJைவ/
அவதார&கைள KறிH8கிற/.
KறிH8கிற/. அJைவ/ அவதார&கைளேய இ#ஷ ஸூத இரA-
அWவாக&கள)ேல ெசா*கிற/.
ெசா*கிற/. ஷ எகிற பததிO5,
பததிO5 எ#ெபா4 இலாத பரளய
காலதிேலC எத# ெபாD அழிவOறதாF வகாரமOறதாF ஜலதிேல இதேதா அ/ேவ
ஷ எ> ைததிVய ஆரAயக Hதலாவ/ #ர6னதி ெசால#ப,- இ#பதா* ,
இ#பதா*
நாராயணைன# பOறி# ேபXவதா ஷ ஸூததிO5 "நாராயணாWவாக "
நாராயணாWவாக " எ> ெபய என
ஸாயணாசா3ய ெசாலிய#பதா* ,
ெசாலிய#பதா* ய:
ய:பதியான நாராயண ஷ ஸூததி
ெசால#ப-கிறா எப/ அறியதக/.
அறியதக/.
ய:
ய:பதிய@ைடய பNசாவதாரைத ந மா1வா Ð
வAமZ தி#பாF மைலேம நிOபாF கட ேச#பாF,

ேச#பாF
மAமZ /ழவாF இவO>ெள&5 மைற/ைறவாF,

மைற/ைறவாF
எAமZ தியற றவAடதாF எனதாவ,

எனதாவ
உAமZ தா8Cகா,டாேத ெயாள)#பாேயா"

ெயாள)#பாேயா"
எற பாXரதி பNசாவதாரைத அ@பவ#பவகD பகவாைன அரசைன# ேபா ைவ/

அ@பவ#பாகD.
அ@பவ#பாகD. அரச பகலி ஸைபய உ,கா/
உ,கா/ மதி3க4ட ேச/ ரா[யதி
ேGமைத# பOறி ஆேலாசி#பா.
ஆேலாசி#பா. அ/ேபா பகவா@ ைவ5Aடதி
நியஸூ3க4ட K8 \ேலாகதி*Dளவக4ைடய ேGமைத# பOறி6 சிதி#பா.
சிதி#பா. அரச
ரா[யதி சிைG ரைGகைள# பOறி தன)ைமய ப-/ெகாA-
ப-/ெகாA- உற&5பவ ேபா
ஆேலாசி#பா.
ஆேலாசி#பா. பகவா@ JTஹாவதாரதி அநிதனாF# ப-தி/ உலகைத எJவா>
ர,சி#ேபா எபைத# பOறி ஆேலாசிகிறா.
ஆேலாசிகிறா. அரச /9ட ஜ/கைள அழி#பதOகாக
ேவ,ைடயா-கிறா.
ேவ,ைடயா-கிறா. பகவா@ /9டகளான இராவணாதிகைள அழி#பதOகாக# பல
வபவாவதார&கைள6 ெசFகிறா.
ெசFகிறா. அரச
அரச நகரதவக4ைடய எAண&கைள# ப3ேசாதி#பதOகாக
ப3ேசாதி#பதOகாக
உெத3யாம ேவO>வ நகரதி இரவ சNச3#பா.
சNச3#பா. அ/ேபா பகவா@ ந
உDளதி*Dள எAண&கைள# ப3ேசாதி#பதOகாக ந உDளதி அதயாமியாக நிOகிறா.
நிOகிறா.
அரச ேவ,ைடயா8ன
ேவ,ைடயா8ன பற5 த வடாF தQவதOகாக# \&காகள) இ9டமானவகேளா-
வைளயா-வா.
வைளயா-வா. பகவா@ ேகாய,
ேகாய திமைல,
திமைல ெபமாD ேகாய Hதலிய ]Oெற,-
திJயேதச&கள)* மO>HDள ேகாயகள)* ,
ேகாயகள)* வ-கள)*
Q அ6சாவதார ெசF/
இ9டகளான
இ9டகளான ஆ1வா,
ஆ1வா ஆசி3ய Hதலியவகேளா-
Hதலியவகேளா- வைளயா-கிறா.
வைளயா-கிறா. இJவ3ைவ ஆசாய
ஆசாய
^தய ]O> ஐ ப/ ஏழாவ/ `ணைகய Jயாயான&கேளா- ேச/ நறாக
அ@பவகலா .
அ@பவகலா .
ஷ ஸூதH Hதலி நா5 5களா பரவாஸுேதவ@ைடய நிைலைமைய
"HநQ ஞால பைடத எ HகிவAணேன"
HகிவAணேன" எ> ஆ1வா அள)6ெசFதப8
அள)6ெசFதப8 திJய ம&கள
வரஹேதா- ஜககாரண எபைத6 ெசா*கிற/.
ெசா*கிற/. #ரதி மAடலைத கா,8*
3பாவ\தி c> ப&5 ெப3ய/ எ> அதி* ெப3ய/ #ர^ம எ> ப9டமாக6
ெசா*கிற/.
ெசா*கிற/. இ#பகவா அறிMDளைவகள)* அறிவலாதைவகள)* 5/ உDளா.
உDளா.
ஆகேவ சி,
சி அசி எ@ இரA- பகவா@ைடய உட எபைதC ெசா*கிற/.
Hகாலதி* இவ இகிறா.
இகிறா. ேமாG ெகா-#பவ இவேன.
இவேன. இவ ஜன&க4ைடய
நைமகாக அவகD அ@பவ5 ஒJெவா ெபாDகள)* தா இ/ அைவகைள6
Xைவக ைவகிறா
ைவகிறா எபைதC அழகாக6 ெசா*கிற/.
ெசா*கிற/. இ6Xைவயறித ஆ1வா ,
ஆ1வா
அ6Xைவ க,8ெயேகா அ>Xைவய8சிெலேகா,
அ>Xைவய8சிெலேகா ெநF6Xைவ ேதறெலேகா கன)ெயேகா
பாெலேகேனா எ> அள)6ெசFத/.
அள)6ெசFத/.
ஐதாவ/ கிலி/ பதிைனதாவ/ 5 வைரய JTஹாவதாரைத# பOறி6

ெசா*கிற/
ெசா*கிற/. ஸ&கஷண,
ஸ&கஷண #ரC ந,
#ரC ந அநித எற
எற இ cவைரC JTஹ எ>
ெசா*வாகD.
ெசா*வாகD. இ cவட பரவாஸுேதவைனC ேச/ெகாA- JTஹ நா5
எ> ெசா*வாகD.
ெசா*வாகD. JTஹ ஜககாரணமாகிய பர#ர^மேம ஆைகயா அதிகமாக
JTஹ&கைள# பOறி உபநிஷேதா,
உபநிஷேதா இராமாயண மஹாபாரத Hதலியைவகேளா வ3வாக
எ-/6ெசால Hவரவைல.
Hவரவைல. ஆகம&கD JTஹ&கைள# பOறி வ3வாக K>கிறன.
K>கிறன.
ப,ட Hதலிய
Hதலிய ெப3யவகD பகவா ெசFத உபகாரைத அ@பவ5 ெபாI/ பலவைகய
பகவா நம56 ெசFத உபகார&கைள நிைன/ JTஹதி ஈ-ப-கிறாகD
ஈ-ப-கிறாகD.
கிறாகD. ஜககாரணமான
நாராயண,
நாராயண ேமாGைத# ெபOறவகD தைன அ@பவ#பதOகாக# பரவாஸுேதவனாக
நிOகிறா. நம56 சா திர&கைள ைகவளகாக ெகா-#பதOகாக ஸ&கஷணனாக
ஸ&கஷணனாக
நிOகிறா. 698ைய6 ெசFவதOகாகM ,
ெசFவதOகாகM தமைத நட/வதOகாகM #ரC நனாகM
நிOகிறா. உலக&கைள தா&கி கா/ உAைமைய உணவ#பதOகாக அநிதனாக
நிOகிறா. பகவா ெசFத உபகார&கைள# ப5தறி/ அவன)டதி ஈ-ப-வதO5#
பா&கான/ JTஹ .
JTஹ . இJவTஹதி வ3ைவ பாNசரார ஆகம&கள) வ3வாக ெத3/
ெகாDளலா .
ெகாDளலா . இJவTஹாவதாரதி
இJவTஹாவதாரதி நிக16சிகைள மZ மா ைஸய ெசால#ப-
லி&க Hதலிய #ரமாண&கள) /ைணைய ெகாA- ஷ ஸூததி ஐ/
Hத பதிைனதாவ/ 5 H8M வைரய உணரM .
உணரM .
பதினாறாவ/ கி பகவா@ைடய யான ெசால#ப-கிற/.

ெசால#ப-கிற/. "திகAேட
"திகAேட
ெபாேமன) கAேட"
கAேட" எ> "ேயய ஸதா ஸவமAடல மயவதQ" "ஆ#ரணகா
ஆ#ரணகா"
ஆ#ரணகா"
எ> ெசா*கிறப8 ைவ5Aடதி ஸூய ேபா #ரகாசி/ ெகாA8கிறா
பகவா.
பகவா. அவைன 5வ உபேதசதா ெத3/ெகாDள ேவA- எ> ெசாகிற/.
ெசாகிற/.
பதிேனழாவ/ கி இத
இத பகவா@ைடய வeபைத #ர^மா சகர@56 ெசானா.
ெசானா.
சகர ராமாWஜைர# ேபா நா5 தி5கள)* பர#பனா.
பர#பனா. இ#பகவாைன
இJவாறறிதவ இJMலகிேலேய ேமாG ெபOறவ ேபா ஆவா.
ஆவா. இ#பகவாைன பதி
தவர ேவெறா வழியா அைடயH8யா/ எ> ெசாலிO>.
ெசாலிO>.
பதிென,டாவ/ கி
கி பதிைய6 ெசFய6 சதி இலாதவ யாக
ேபாறதான சரணாகதிைய6 ெசFயM எற/.
எற/. இ/ேவ சிறத தம .
தம . நியஸூ3கD வாI
ைவ5Aட/5 இ6சரணாகதிைய6 ெசFதவகD ேபாF6 சரணாகதிைய6 ெசFயM எற/.
எற/.
இ/ேவ சிறத தம .
தம . நியஸூ3கD வாI ேசதிகிறாகD எ> ெசாலி# ஷ
ஸூததி Hத அWவாக H8த/.
H8த/. இJMட*ட காணH8யாத பராவதார ,
பராவதார
JTஹாவதார இரAைடC ேபசி,
ேபசி பதி,
பதி #ரபதி Hதலிய உபாய&கைளC ெசாலி,
ெசாலி ஆசாய
cலமாக
cலமாக இவOைற# ெபறேவA- எபேத Hத அWவாகதி க/.
க/.
இரAடாவ/ அWவாகதி Hைறேய அ6சாவதார ,

அ6சாவதார அதயாமி அவதார ,
அவதார
JTஹாவதார&கைள#
JTஹாவதார&கைள# ேபசி பகவா@ைடய அவதாரதி ரஹ யைத அறிபவகD
நியஸூ3க4ைடய பதமாகிய ைவ5Aடைத அைடய நாD பா/ெகாA8#பாகD.
பா/ெகாA8#பாகD.
இ#பகவா@5 ேதவ,
ேதவ \ேதவ இவ இைற#ெபாI/ அகலா/ ேதவகளாக
இகிறாகD.
இகிறாகD. \மிக4ைடய அழ5 அல/ உவ அல/
அல/ வeப 5ைறவOற/.
5ைறவOற/.
இJவவ பகவா@ைடய
பகவா@ைடய இரகதிO5 காரணமானவகD எ> ெசாலி இ#ப8#ப,ட
பகவா நம5 ேவA8ய அறிைவC ,
அறிைவC இJMலக வா1ைக5 ேவA8ய ெசவைதC ,
ெசவைதC
ம>ைம வா1ைக5 ேவA8ய ேமாGைதC மO> நம5 ேதைவயான
ேதைவயான
எலாவOைறC
எலாவOைறC ெகா-க ேவA- எ> #ராதைன ெசF/ H8M ெப>கிற/.
ெப>கிற/.
இJவரAடாவ/ அWவாகதி ஆ> 5கD இகிறன.

இகிறன. அதி Hத கி
ெசால#ப-வ/ அ6சாவதார .
அ6சாவதார . பகவா சாளராம eபமாC மAணா ெசFத வ8வமாC
உேலாக&களா ஆக#ப,ட வ8வமாC "தமகத/ எJMவ "
எJMவ " "ேய
"ேய யதாமா #ரபயேத"
#ரபயேத"
எகிறப8 அ6சாவதார நிைலைமய நிOகிறா.
நிOகிறா. வரஹ ெசFபவ பகவா@ைடய
ஸாe#ய ேமாGைத அைடகிறா எற/.
எற/. இரAடாவ/ கி இJவ6சாவதாரதி பதி,
பதி
#ரபதிகைள6 ெசFபவ ேமாG அைடவா.
அைடவா. ேமாGமைடய இJவ வழிகைள தவர
ேவெறா வழி கிைடயா/ எற/.
எற/. அ6சாவதாரமாவ/ - தமகத/ எJMவ அJMவ
தாேன எகிறப8ேய ேசதன5 அபமதமான ரJய&கள)ேல வபவ வேசஷ&கைள#
ேபாலறிேக ேதச கால அதிகா3 நியமமிலாதப8 ஸநிதி பAண,
பAண அபராத&கைள காண
கAண,- அ6சக பரதரமான ஸம த Jயாபார&கைளC உைடயனாF ெகாA-
ேகாயகள)* ஹ&கள)* எIதள) நிO5 நிைல.
நிைல. சி ஜநகவH Xபா6ரயவH
அேசஷ ேலாகசரAயவH ,
ேலாகசரAயவH அWபாJயவH எலா அ6சாவதாரதிேல
அ6சாவதாரதிேல ப3\ண .
ப3\ண .
வ வாமி பாவைத மாறா8ெகாA- அ[ஞைர# ேபாேலC அசதைர# ேபாேலC
அ வதரைர# ேபாேலC இக6 ெசFேதC அபார காAய பரவசனாF ெகாA-
ஸவாேபGித&கைளC ேகா-த4 ,
ேகா-த4 எற பDைள ேலாகாசாய ஸூதி இ&5
அ@ஸதிகதக/
அ@ஸதிகதக/.
திகதக/.
cறாவதி:
cறாவதி: அதயாமிய அவதாரைத6 ெசா*கிற/.
ெசா*கிற/. "அத
"அத:
அத: #ரவ6ய
#ரவ6ய\
நியதாவாயைக.
நியதாவாயைக. வக அதயாமிவமாவ/ நரக#ரேவசாதி
ஸவாவ ைதகள)* ஸகலேசதன5 /ைணயாF,
/ைணயாF அவகைள வடாேத நிOகிற
நிOகிற நிைல5
ேமேல Xபா6ரயமான திேமன)ேயாேட K8ெகாA-
K8ெகாA- அவக45 ேயயனாைககாகM ,
ேயயனாைககாகM
அவகைள ரGிைககாகM ,
ரGிைககாகM ப/ \தனாF ெகாA- ^தய கமலதிேல
எIதள)ய5 இ#"
இ#" எ> ம பDைளேலாகாசாய அள)6ெசFத அதயாமி
அவதாரதி #ரேயாஜனைத அழகாக இ&5 ேச/ெகாA- அ@பவ#ப/
அ@பவ#ப/. ேமேல
வபவாவதாரைதC ,
வபவாவதாரைதC வபவாவதார ரஹ யைதC ,
யைதC சிதன ெசFயேவA8ய/ அவசிய
எ> ெசா*கிற/.
வபவ வ3ைவ ம பDைள ேலாகாசாய அள)6ெசFத தவரயதி ஈ6வர

#ரகரணதி Jயாயானேதா- ேஸவ/ #தி ெபறலா .
ெபறலா . அவதார
அவதார ரஹ யைத
கீ தாசாய
தாசாய "பஹூநிேம JயதQதாநி"
ாநி" எ> ெதாட&கி கீ ைதய நாகாவ/ அயாயதி ஐ/
6ேலாக&களா அள)6ெசFதிகிறா.
அள)6ெசFதிகிறா. அவதார&கD ஸயெம> ,
ஸயெம> அவதாரதி
பகவா@5 அறிM 5ைறவைலெய> ,
5ைறவைலெய> அவதார வரஹ&கD ஸுதஸவ மய&கD
எ> ,
எ> அவதாரதிO5 காரண பகவா@ைடய திMDளேம எ> ,
எ> அவதாரதிO5 கால
தமைத காகேவA- காலேம எ> ,
எ> பகவாைன வ,- ெநா8C ப3யா/ இக
ேவ: எகிற பதகைள கா#ப/தா அவதாரதிO5# பய எ> ,
எ> இத ரஹ ய
தா அவதார ரஹ ய எ> இத ரஹ யைத இைடவடா/ நிைன#பவ ம>பறவ
எ-கமா,டா எ> ஆசாயகD ஷ
ஷ ஸூததி*Dள கைதயறி/
ஸாதிதிகிறாகD எபைத இ&5 கதி ெகாDள ேவA- .
ேவA- . நாகாவ/ கி,
கி
இ#பகவா ேதவக4காக
ேதவக4காக #ரகாசிகிறா;
#ரகாசிகிறா ேதவக45 ஹிததிைய அள)கிறா;
அள)கிறா
இவதா எேலா5 HதOகிழ&காக இதவ;
இதவ அவைன வண&5கிேற எற/.
எற/.
ஐதாவதி,
ஐதாவதி ேதவக4ெகலா ஈ6வர இவேன;
இவேன அவக45 #ர^ம
#ர^ம [ஞானைத
அள)#பவ இவேன;
இவேன எ> எவெனாவ பகவாைன அறிவாேனா அவ@5
அவ@5
ேதவகD வச#ப,8#பாகD எற/.
எற/. ஆறாவதி ,
\மி ஸேமதனான
ஸேமதனான பகவா நம5#
பகதிேலேய இ/ெகாA- இரவ* ,
இரவ* பகலி* அWரஹி/ெகாA- இ ைம5 ,
இ ைம5
ம>ைம5 ேவA8ய அறிைவC ,
அறிைவC ெசவைதC ,
ெசவைதC மO> நம5 ேவA8ய
எலாவOைறC ெகா-
ெகா-க
-க ேவA-ெம> Kறி H8M ெப>கிற/.
ெப>கிற/.
f# மாேல மறேவ இன) நி பதேம
நறிகD:
நறிகD: இத சிைதத #ராசீ னமான மலைர அ@ரஹி/ உதவய
. உ. ேவ.
ேவ. Kர .
Kர . தாம.
தாம. ேசஷா3 ஐய&கா வாமி,
வாமி ர&க .
ர&க .
cல :
cல : ெசைன ேவத ஸ த வயாலயதி HதலாA- அறிைக மல
தாஸ.
தாஸ திெவJMD.
திெவJMD.ராகவஸி ஹ
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http://vedantadesika.wordpress.com
ஷ:
ஷ

PuruSha sUktam
Tamil Commentaries
by
nyAya sAhitya shiromaNi ubhayavedAnta vidvAn shrI mElmA. Narasimha tAtAcArya svAmi)
Translated into English
by
Smt. KalyANi KRshNamAcAri

PuruSha sUktam is chanted as part of all veda‐s. All scholars extol this puruSha sUktam. PuruSha sUktam is
recommended to be chanted for expiating sins of even humongous proportions. It is said that if PuruSha
sUktam is chanted during ViShNu yAga, the whole world will flourish in a superb state. Even a great sinner
who killed a brAhmin who is an expert in veda, can drive away his sin by chanting PuruSha sUktam standing
in the water. Several saints have declared that if a person chants PuruSha sUktam remembering shrIman
nArAyaNan while doing homa, he will be relieved from all sins and be blessed with salvation. The meaning of
this PuruSha sUktam has been expounded in mudgalopaniShat and puruSha saMhita. Elders have stated that
dhruvan meditated on Purusha sUktam, when he praised bhagavAn in ViShNu purANam. VishiShTAdvaita
siddhAnta expert engaLAzhvAn (shrI viShNucittAsiriyar) has talked about PuruSha sUktam in his vyAkhyAnam
for ViShNupurANam. shrI vishiShTAdvaita AcArya‐s like shrI kUrattAzhvAn, bhaTTar, shrI deshikan et al. have
exalted the greatness of PuruSha sUktam.
shrIman nArAyaNan is the primordial cause of this universe. This world emanated from Him. For the
goodness of all living entities, He Himself provides the veda‐s which are the beacon lights that drive away the
darkness of ignorance. He can be realized only with the help of a teacher. There are two means, bhakti
(devotion) and prapatti (surrender) to reach Him. He cannot be attained by any other mode. The gist of
PuruSha sUktam is that when one reaches Him through bhakti or prapatti, he will be blessed with all benefits
in this world and the next. We will expand on this thread in the following paragraphs. PerumAL will grant
the benefits even if one chants PuruSha sUktam without knowing the meaning. This is similar to the situation
where someone goes and calls out “bhavati bikShAM dehi” in front of a rich man’s house; nobody inquires if
that person knows the meaning of that statement; the people in the house understand that the person is
asking for alms and offer that.
Detailed explanation –
shriyaH pati – nArAyaNan takes up five different kinds of incarnations – para, vyUha, vibhava, antaryAmi and
arcA. PuruSha sUktam shows that in each kind of incarnation, He safeguards His devotees. The second
prashna of taittirIya Upanishat talks about His five kinds of incarnations in the beginning and also in the end.
Thus, PuruSha sUktam allocates two anuvAka‐s – sections – for talking about these five kinds of incarnations.
shriyaH pati nArAyaNan is the One talked about in PuruSha sUktam; this is obvious from the following facts:
 taittirIya AraNyakam first prashna gives the meaning of puruSha thus – puruSha is that changeless and
indestructible potency that exists, even during the times of praLaya – the dissolution of the worlds in the
Cosmic Waters.
 shAyaNAcAryar has declared that PuruSha sUktam is called “nArAyaNAnuvAkam” because it talks about
nArAyaNan.
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nammAzhvAr’s notes on shriyaH pati’s five types of incarnations –
“viNmIdiruppAi malaimEl niRpAi kaDal sErppAi
maNmIduzhalvAi ivaRRuLengum maRainduRaivAi
eNmIdiyanRa puRavaNDattAi enadAvi
uNmIdADiyurukkATTAdE yoLippAyO”
Those who enjoy the pancAvAtAram, experience bhagavAn as a king.
Normally, during day time, a king sits with all his ministers and discusses the welfare of the kingdom. Like
that, bhagavAn gathers all the nityasUri‐s and deliberates on the welfare of the people in the world.
Instead of sleeping, a king would think about punishments and protection when he is lying down alone.
Similarly, bhagavAn lies down as aniruddhan in His vyUha avatAram and broods about how to protect the
world.
A king hunts to kill dangerous beasts; bhagavAn also takes up vibhava avatAra‐s to kill wicked men like
rAvaNa et al.
A king disguises himself and wanders amongst his people at night, to examine their thoughts. Like that,
bhagavAn resides in us as antaryAmi to comprehend our feelings.
After a tiring hunt, the king sports with those dear to him, in the gardens, for relaxation. Similarly, bhagavAn
plays as arcAvatAram in the 108 divya desham‐s like shrIrangam, tirumalai, kAncIpuram and other temples,
and in the houses of devotees; He plays with His dear ones – the AcArya‐s, teachers et al.
One can appreciate this information with all detailed vyAkhyAnam‐s in AcArya hrdayam 107th cUrNikai.
With the first four verses, PuruSha sUktam talks about paravAsudeva’s state as being a special form and
being the primordial cause of the universe, just as AzhvAr blessed, “munnIr j~nAlam paDaitta em
mugilvaNNanE”. It also says that tripAd‐vibhUti is three times bigger than this world and brahmam is even
bigger than the latter. This bhagavAn has entered all sentient and non‐sentient things. Thus both cit and acit
are part of bhagavAn’s divine form. He manifests Himself in all the three times (past, present and future). He
provides mokSha – liberation. puruSha sUktam gives a beautiful description of how He enters everything that
people enjoy and makes them more delectable. Knowing this well, AzhvAr enjoys Him as “accuvaik kaTTi
enkO, aRusuvaiaDisil enkO, neiccuvait tERal enkO, kani enkO, pAl enkO”.
The fifth up to the fifteenth verses deal with vyUha avatAra‐s. sankarShaNa, pradhyumna and aniruddha are
the vyUha mUrti‐s. paravAsudeva is also included in this line and vyUha incarnation is considered to be four
in number. vyUha is the same as parabrahmam who is the primal cause of this universe. So, Upanishat,
rAmAyaNam, mahAbhArata etc. do not talk much about vyUha avatAra‐s. The Agama‐s portray in detail
about the vyUha avatAra‐s. Elders like bhaTTar et al. like to enjoy the vyUha avatAra‐s when they think
about all the help bhagavAn has done for us. nArAyaNa who is the primordial cause of this universe stands
as paravAsudeva so that those who have attained mokSha can enjoy Him. He shows Himself as sankarShaNa
to give us the shAstra‐s which are like lamps in our hands. He is pradhyumna who creates and establishes
dharma. He appears as aniruddha who supports and protects all the worlds and makes us realize the truth.
vyUha avatAram helps us understand the relief and comfort provided by bhagavAn and to enjoy Him.
pAncarAtra Agama deals with this vyUham in fine detail. With the assistance of pramANa‐s such as lingam
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found in mImAmsa, all the activities of vyUha avatAra‐s can be understood through the fifth to fifteenth
verses.
The 16th verse talks about meditation about bhagavAn, who shines brilliantly in shrIvaikuNTham as per the
statements, “tirukkaNDEn ponmEni kaNDEn”, “dhyeyas sadA savitRîmaNDala madhyavartI”, “ApraNakAt”
etc. One can know Him through the instructions advised by a guru.
The 17th verse says – brahmA conveyed bhagavAn’s svarUpa to cakra [discus], who spread the lesson to all
the four directions just like shrIrAmAnuja. One who knows about bhagavAn in this manner becomes like one
who has attained immortality in this world. bhagavAn cannot be attained without devotion.
Mukunda ‐ one who cannot practice bhakti can perform sharaNAgati, which is like yAga and is a great virtue.
PuruSha sUktam’s first anuvAkam concludes with the statement, "those who performed sharaNAgati have
reached vaikuNTham, where nityasUri‐s live”.
The 18th verse points out that one who cannot practice bhakti can perform sharaNAgati, which is like yAga
and is a great virtue. PuruSha sUktam’s first anuvAkam concludes with the statement, “Those who performed
sharaNAgati have reached vaikuNTham, where nityasUri‐s live”.
The gist of first anuvAka is information about avatAra‐s like vyUha etc., that cannot be seen with mortal eyes
and about the means like bhakti and prapatti and how one can get these through an AcAryan.
The second anuvAka deals with arcA, antaryAmi and vyUha avatAra‐s; those who understand the secrets of
bhagavAn’s avatAra‐s will be eagerly awaiting the day when they will reach shrIvaikuNTham inhabited by
nityasUri‐s. shrIdevI and bhUdevI serve as His devI‐s never leaving bhagavAn for a second. The forms of shrI
and bhU devI‐s are magnificent. They both act as mediatrix for obtaining bhagavAn’s compassion. The
anuvAka ends with a prayer to bhagavAn to bestow on us the knowledge, enough wealth to live in this world
and the liberation needed for the next world.
There are six verses in this second anuvAka.
First verse talks about arcAvatAra, where bhagavAn displays Himself as shALagrAma form, as clay forms, as
vigraha‐s made out of metals, as per sayings, “tamarugandadu evvuruvam”, “ye yathAmAM prapadyante”. It
is said that one who makes a vigraha attains sArUpya mokSha.
The second verse elaborates on how devotees who do bhakti or prapatti attain mokSha. There is no other
way to reach salvation. “arcAvatAram is as per the sUtram – tamarugandadu evvuruvam avvuruvam tAnE.
Unlike the distinctive attributes associated with a vibhava incarnation, bhagavAn incarnates as arcA in the
substances that His devotees are fond of, with no requirements related to place, time or qualifications; He
overlooks their offences; He makes Himself dependent on the arcaka ‐ priest for all acts and establishes
Himself in temples and houses. In this arcA incarnation, generation of pleasure/love towards Him,
auspiciousness, protection of all the universes, capability of being easily concentrated upon – all these are
existent to the fullest possible extent. He makes it appear that He becomes owned by the servitor (thus
reversing His role), that He is totally unenlightened, that He is powerless to accomplish anything and that He
is reliant upon others; but, in reality, out of His extreme compassion, He bestows all the desires of His
devotees”. This shrIsUkti of shrI piLLailokAcAryar must be appreciated here.
The third verse speaks about antaryAmi avatAram; shrImat piLLailokAcAryar has blessed with a commentary
on antaryAmi avatAram’s purpose ‐ bhagavAn is ‘antaH pravishya niyantA’. svarga antaryAmitvam is where
He stands supportive of all sentient beings at all times including their lives in hell and He stays in their hearts
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so that He can be meditated upon and He can protect them. The third verse also talks about how devotees
must meditate about vibhava avatAram and the secrets thereafter.
shrImat PiLLai lokAcAryar has provided a detailed commentary in Ishvara prakaraNa of tattvatrayam about
vibhava avatAram‐s. In the fourth chapter of bhagavad gItA, gItAcAryan reveals the secret of His avatAram‐s
starting with ‘bahUni me vyatItAni’ in five shloka‐s. Incarnations are the Truth; bhagavAn is all
knowledgeable in His avatAram‐s. avatAra forms are shuddha satva – transcendental to material qualities,
pure goodness; the reason for the incarnations are His own willed decisions. He incarnates to protect
dharma. It is His aim to protect devotees who do not want to be separated from Him even for a second. One
who thinks about this avatAra secret will never be born again. AcArya‐s have realized the purport of PuruSha
sUktam and provided commentary on these gItA shloka‐s thus.
The fourth verse says that bhagavAn shines for the sake of the deva‐s; He imparts good intellect to them. He
is the primordial seed for all. I salute Him.
The fifth verse points out that bhagavAn is the Ishvara of all deva‐s. He gives them brahma j~nAna. Those
who are cognizant of all this information will be served even by the deva‐s.
The sixth verse prays that shrI, bhUmidevI sameta bhagavAn must stay blessing us at our side always, during
day and night, and provide enough intellect and wealth for this life and the next and everything that we
need. Thus ends the sixth verse.
tUppul mAlE maRavEn ini nin padamE.
Thanks: To shrI u.ve. Kuram Tamal Seshadri aiyyangar svAmi, shrIrangam, for providing this age‐old article
( MelmA Swami's) that appeared in a magazine which was in a worn out condition.
Source: Chennai veda samskrita vidyAlayA’s first year magazine
dAsan – Tiruvevvul Raghavanrisimhan
[email protected]
http://vedantadesika.wordpress.com

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Sincere Thanks To:
1. SrI Srinivasan Narayanan for Sanskrit/ITrans texts and proof reading

sadagopan.org
2. Nedumtheru SrI Mukund Srinivasan, SrI Shreekrishna Akilesh, SrI S

Srivatsan, SrI Srivallabhan Rajagopalan, www.thiruvarangam.com, SrI
Narasimha BhaTTar, www.exoticindiaart.com and www.glimpseofkrishna.com
for the images.
3. Smt Jayashree Muralidharan for eBook assembly and cover design

CONTENTS
Introduction 1
Mantrams and Commentaries 7-31
Nigamanam 31
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SrI tirunArAyaNa perumAL - Melkote

Thanks: SrI Shreekrishna Akilesh
. ïI>.

INTRODUCTION
aDiyEn will cover here the meanings and commentaries of nArAyaNAnuvAkam to

complete the coverage of the panca sUktams in our ebook series. Many of the
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mantrams of nArAyaNAnuvAkam are from MahA nArAyaNopanishad for which
Upanishad BhAshyakArar has blessed us with a Sanskrit commentary based on
VisishTAdvaitic perspective. VedAnta VidvAan, Dr. N.S. Anantha RangachAr
Swamy has edited and translated the MahA nArAyaNopanishad in 2003. aDiyEn
will be making use of Dr. NSA Swamy’s translations of Upanishad
BhAshyakArar’s commentaries to illustrate the meanings of many mantrams
according to Bhagavat RaamAnuja siddhAntam. aDiyEn’s many thanks to this
MahA VidvAn.
Most of the mantrams of nArAyaNa sUktam (nArAyaNAnuvAkam) as stated

before are from MahA nArAyaNopanishad, an Upanishad belonging to KrshNa
Yajur Veda. There are two recensions of this Upanishad: Andra pATha and
drAviDa pATha . Sri Ranga Ramanuja Muni, a sanyAsi, who spent his last years
at Swamy Desikan sannidhi at tUppul next to Lord dIpa PrakASan’s sannidhi at
the divya desam of tiruttaNkA, used the drAviDa pATham of MahA nArAyaNa
Upanishad for His commentary on nArAyaNAnuvAkam.
In the very first mantram, the word “viSvam” appears thrice: “viSvAksham,
viSva Sambhuvam and viSvam nArAyaNam devam”. The word “viSvam” is the
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first word of SrI VishNu SahasranAmam to offer salutations to SrI VishNu
nArAyaNan:
“viSvam vishNur-vashaTkAro bhUtabhavya-bhavatprabhu:”.
The first namaskAram here is: “om viSvAya nama:”. “viSvam” means “full in all
respects” according to Swamy ParASara BhaTTar. The word “viSvam” meaning
‘entirety’ has been derived from the root “viS” with the addition of the suffix
“kvan”. This derivation according to grammar points out the meaning of “viSvam”
as someone “who enters all parts”. The word “viSvam” points out then to the
cardinal doctrine of “antaryAmi Brahmam” of brhadAraNyaka Upanishad.
“viSvam” also means Universe. The One who enters all vastus of Universe is also
the possessor of limitless glory. The nArAyaNAnuvAkam celebrates at many
places the indwellership of the Lord, in all cetanams and acetanams (sentient
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and insentient) of the Universe, He creates and goes on to extol His ananta
kalyANa guNams. The importance of the word “viSvam” from the Vedic point of
view is attested by the oldest of Vedams, Rg Vedam having 90 rks in its ten
kANDams to celebrate the viSva sAmrAT (viSvasya rAjA) aspects of the Lord.
He is saluted as the foundation of this world (viSvAdhAran), creator/architect
of the world (viSva karmA), protector of the world (viSva rakshakan) and viSva
mUrti.
One of the celebrated rks salutes Him as the Lord with eyes seeing everywhere
engaged in the act of creation of the Universe and its beings: “The mighty Lord
alone with eyes spanning the Universe (viSva cakshu:), the mouths all around,
arms all around and feet spreading over the entire Universe, creates heaven
and earth and forges them into order with His winged arms”. In the
nArAyaNAnuvAkam, the upadesams are about SrIman nArAyaNan as the
innerself of all, His Lordship, His ananta kalyAna guNams, akhila heya
rahitatvam (freedom from all blemishes), His Parama PurushArthatvam (being
the ultimate goal of life) and His residence in our heart lotus with His divine
consort. A separate eBook on the deeper meanings of the rk vedic salutation of
“viSvam” can be found at: http://www.sadagopan.org(Srihayagrivan series)
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A study of nArAyaNa anuvAka mantrams connects us to various Upanishads
(Sruti Siras) that reveal the essential doctrines about Brahman. AcAryA
RaamAnujA’s SrI bhAshyam and Swamy Desikan’s adhikaraNa sArAvaLi
elaborate on the distinguishing characteristics of Brahman. The Upanishad
teachings revealed here are:
 Brahman is the Self of all (sarvAtmA) in the Universe; He is “svAdhIna–

aSesha sattA sthiti yatanatayA sarvabhAvena tishThan” as per the 98th
Slokam of adhikaraNa sArAvaLi.
 He is the inner controller of all as the antarAtma (sarva niyantA); the

antaryAmyadhikaraNam of brahma sUtrams and the antaryAmi brahmaNa of
brhAdAraNyakam provide the basis for this statement. In response to
UddAlakA’s question on who controls this world and all things, Sage
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Yaaj~navalkya responds: “He who dwells in the sentient and the insentient,
of whom they do not know, whose body they are, who controls them from
within, He (ParamAtman) is the inner controller (antaryAmin), the immortal
(amrta:)”.
 He is the eternal, imperishable reality (akshara brahman); this is covered by

the adrSyatvAdi-guNakAdhikaraNam. This is based on MuNDaka Upanishad
passage set as a dialog between Sage Angiras and student Saunaka, where
the teacher reveals the imperishable reality/akhshara aspects of Brahman
with the upadesam: “nityam vibhum sarvagatam susUkshmam tat avyayam yat
bhUtayonim paripaSyanti dheerA:”. Here, Sage Angiras explains the
Brahman as “eternal, all pervading, omnipresent, very subtle and
imperishable (avyayam) serving as the source of beings (bhUta yoni)”.
Neither the jIvan or the prakrti can display these features. It is only the
akshara Brahman that can project these attributes.
 He is the sovereign ruler of all souls (vaiSvAnara brahman); this relates to

the vaiSvAnaradhikaraNam of Brahma sUtram, which rules that the
Brahman is the One who in His cosmic form is the ruler of all souls. This
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viSva SarIrakan, Brahman is the ruler of all souls.
 He is the support of heaven and earth (Ayatana brahman); this revelation of

yet another attribute of brahman arises from the dyubhvAdya-adhikaraNa
based on MuNDaka Upanishad passage: “He in whom the heaven, earth and
the sky along with the mind and vital breath (prANa) are woven; know Him
alone as the Atman and abandon all other talks; He is the bridge (setu) to
the immortality”. Brahman being the bridge of immortality (moksham)
establishes the Ayatanatva of brahman.
 He is the AdhAram for the Universe (sarvAdharan). Brahman is recognized

as the AdhAram or the main support of the whole Universe due to His
unmatched, supreme power to command the entities of the Universe and
sustain them. Swamy Desikan explains this sarvAdhAratvam based on the
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virtue of the power of His command (niyamanena SAsanena sarva

kAryAdhAra:).
 He is the resident of the subtle space in the heart lotus (daharAkASan).

The pramANam here is the daharAdhikaraNa of Brahma sUtrams based on
the famous chAndogya passage. In his 129th Slokam of adhikaraNa sArAvaLi,
Swamy Desikan reveals that Brahman abides in the subtle, inner portion of
the heart and is the support for the entire universe (dahara svAdhAra sarva
loka:). The chAndogya Upanishad mantram states: “In that subtle space
(brahma puri) is housed the Brahman, who contains whatever there is in this
world. He is eternal and is satya kAma and satya sankalpa, the attributes
unique to Brahman”.
 He is the cause of the Universe (jagat kAraNatvam).
 He is the devourer of the Universe (attA Brahman). The relevant Brahma

sUtra is: “attA carAcara grahaNAt”. He is the eater of both the movable
and the immovable. He is the jagat samhArakan.
 He is the giver of names and forms to the created Universe (prapanca nAma
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rUpa kartA). ChAndogya Upanishad (VI:3.2) states clearly that Brahman
along with the jIvan enters into the created objects and provides names and
forms to them (anena eva jIvena AtmanA anupraviSya nAma rUpe
vyAkaravANi).
 He is the object of enjoyment of the mukta jIvans (muktabhogyan). The

source pramANam here is the IkshAti-karmAdhikaraNam. Brahman is the
object of realization and enjoyment by the mukta jIvan through meditation
on the syllable “om” referred to in the praSnopanishad. Brahman’s
muktabhogya svabhAvatvam is revealed here.
 He is infinitely great (bhUman) as stated in the bhUmAdhikaraNam linked to

ChAnDogya Upanishad passage. According to Sage BadarAyaNA, “bhumA”
means Brahman and is associated with satya and sukhA (bliss), amrtatva,
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ananyAdhAratva, the unique dharmAs of Brahman.
After exploring the unique lakshaNams of Brahman, who is SrIman nArAyaNan

for upAsakAs, let us now start the study of the individual mantrams of the
nArAyaNAnuvAkam and the many ways in which the many lakshaNams of
SrIman nArAyaNan are celebrated in the Upanishadic context in the different
mantrams.
SrIman nArAyaNa caraNau SaraNam prapadye
dAsan,
Oppiliappan Koil Varadachari Sadagopan
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SrI devaperumAL - Kanchipuram (Thanks: SrI Shreekrishna Akilesh)
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‘viSvam nArAyaNam devam’

Thanks: www.glimpseofkrishna.com
8
. ïI>.
naray[sU´m!
nArAyaNa sUktam

shözI;¡ dev< ivña]< ivñzMÉuvm!,
ivñ< naray[< devm]r< prm< àÉum!.
sahasraSIrsham devam viSvAksham viSvaSambhuvam |
viSvam nArAyaNam devam aksharam paramam prabhum || 1 ||
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Meaning:
Only nArAyaNan has thousand (infinite) heads. He performs the sports like the
creation of the universe and its beings. He blesses all with auspiciousness. Since
He is the indweller of all cetanams and acetanams, He has them as His body. He
is the sole abode of all kalyANa guNams. He is pure (amalan) and has no heyams
(defects) even if He resides in all sentient and insentient beings. He is eternal
and avikAran (changeless). He is the One without an equal or superior. He is the
sarva svAmi and is the possessor of all vibhUtis (aiSvaryams). He is the
indweller of even Siva, who has the lokams as His SarIram, when He manifests
as ashTa mUrti.
Comments:
The description of the Lord having “sahasra SIrsham” is a reference not to

just thousand heads but infinite (ananta) number of heads in all directions. His
pervasion everywhere is indicated. “viSvAksham” refers to His capability to
perceive everything in the universe that He created. He is “viSva Sambhu”, who
generates auspiciousness for all the worlds and their beings. The word
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“aksharam” means One who never wanes or declines. As an object of enjoyment
by the nitya sUris and mukta jIvans, he ever grows more and more. “prabhu:”
refers to His svAmitvam.
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‘The everlasting Supreme Being’ - ParamapadanAthan

(Thanks: Nedumtheru SrI Mukund Srinivasan)
niruktam comments:
“brhamAdhInAm ca sarveshAm bhoga-moksha-samarpaNe samartha: prabhu:

ityukta:”.
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He is the most powerful and can confer rare posts like Brahma padam to devAs
and moksham to prapnnAs.
The vision to relate to in the context of “sahasra SIrsham” is the Lord’s display
of His cosmic form as revealed to us in the eleventh chapter of Srimad
Bhagavad-Gita. In the fifth Slokam of this chapter, GeetAcAryan invites
Arjuna to experience His many (hundreds and thousands of divine forms),
different in hue and in manifold modes. Our Lord gives Arjuna the divine eye to
see these wondrous forms. In the middle of the battle-field of Kuru Kshetram,
Arjuna beheld the entire universe assembled together in one single spot within
the body of the Lord of Lords. He witnessed the Lord of “sahasra SIrsham”
blazing like thousands of Suns and burning fire. Arjuna salutes this viSva rUpan
as “tvamaksharam, viSvasya param nidhAnam” and as “avyayan” and “SAsvata
dharmagoptA”.
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Arjuna salutes the viSvarUpan as “You are the imperishable, Supreme One to be
realized. You are the Supreme Substratum of this Universe. You are immutable,
the guardian of the eternal law and you are the everlasting Supreme Being”.
ivñt> prm< inTy< ivñ< naray[~ hirm!,
ivñmeved< pué;StiÖñmupjIvit.
viSvata: paramam nityam viSvam nArAyaNagum harim |
viSvamevedam purushastadviSvamupajIvati || 2 ||
Meaning:
SrIman nArAyaNan is the basis (AdhAram) for all created objects. He is

superior to all vastus. He is eternal and is Adi madhyAnta rahitan. He removes
the sins of all devotees and attracts them to Him. He is the antarAtmA for all.
All what we see in this Universe are nothing but Him since all cetanAcetanams
have Him as their substrate (AdhAram) and indweller.
11
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‘The Indweller of All things in the Universe ‘

SrI PuNDareekAksha perumAL - tiruveLLarai
(Thanks : www.thiruvarangam.com)
12
Comments:
SrIman nArAyaNan is “viSvata: paramam nityam” since He is the most Supreme

and Eternal. He is this Universe and is the Hari nArAyaNan pervading it (viSvam
nArAyaNagum harim). All this Universe is nothing but Purusha (viSvamevedam
purusha:) since He is the indweller of all objects of the Universe. The upajIvya-
upajIvi relationship between the Lord and His Universe is indicated by the
words, “tadviSvamupajIvati”. The Universe has its jIvanam because of Him and
therefore it is the upajIvi and SrIman nArAyaNan is the upajIvyam. The
mantram points out that this Universe lives on account of the rakshakatvam of
this Purushan. As praised by Arjuna in the battle-field, the Lord is the Supreme
Being without beginning, middle and end (anAdimadhyAntan) with infinite might
(ananta vIryan) with thousands of arms and mouths emitting burning fire that
warms the whole Universe (GitA: 11.19). He pervades the interspaces between
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heaven and earth as well as all directions (dyAvAprthivyoridamantaram hi
vyAptam tvayaikena diSaSca sarvA:). He has the Universe as His abode
(jagannivAsan), the primal God (Adideva) and ancient person (purANa purushan)
and the supreme resting place of the Universe (viSvasya param nidhAnam).
There is none equal to You or greater to You in all the three worlds (na
tvatsamo-astyabhydhika: kutoanyo, lokatraye api apratimaprabhAva?).
pit< ivñSyaTmeñr~ zaZvt~ izvmCyutm!,
naray[< mha}ey< ivñaTman< pray[m!.
patim viSvasyAtmeSvaragum SASvatagum Sivamacyutam |
nArAyaNam mahAj~neyam viSvAtmAnam parAyaNam || 3 ||
Meaning:
nArAyaNan is the Lord (Master) of all. He has no Master and stays as the
Master of Himself. He always has the form of auspiciousness (mangaLam). He
never abandons anyone who sought His refuge (acyutan). He is the knowledge
13
principle of all that is to be known, all that needs to be meditated upon and all
lofty purushArthams that one wishes to obtain.
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‘Acyutan’ - SrI DevanAtha perumAL - tiruvendipuram

Thanks: SrI Srivallabhan Rajagopalan
Comments:
The word “pati” means the Master. He is “viSvasya pati”, the Master of the
cetanams and acetanams of this Universe created by Him. SrI Upanishad
BhAshyakArar suggests that the word “pati” signifies “Sesha-Seshi bhAvam” or
14
the Master-Servant relationship. “AtmeSvaram” refers to Him being
samAnAdhikAra dharidran or the One with no equal or superior. He alone is the
ruler of Himself and there is no one who rules over Him . “Sivam” here stands
not for Lord Siva but for auspiciousness (nirupAdhika Suddhimatvam), which is
eternal (SASvatam). He is “acyutan”. Swamy Desikan has composed an entire
Satakam on acyutan and His acyuta tattvam (18th e-book in the Ahobilavalli
series: http://www.sadagopan.org). “ASritAnAm cyuti: yasmAt nAsti sa:
acyuta:”. He is never away from those who has sought His refuge. He never
abandons them. This nArAyaNan is identified as the highest tattvam to be
known (mahAj~neyam/j~neyatamam). He is the inner self of all in the Universe
(viSvAtman). He is the Father of all this world of sentient and insentient. He is
AcAryan worthy of utmost reverence (pitAsi lokasya carAcarasya, tvamasya
pUjyaSca gurur-garIyAn).
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naray[ pr< äü tÅv< naray[> pr>,
naray[ prae JyaeitraTma naray[> pr>.
nArAyaNa param brahma tattvam nArAyaNa: para: |
nArAyaNa paro jyotirAtmA nArAyaNa: para: || 4 ||
Meaning:
nArAyaNa alone is the Supreme ISvaran, the Supreme Reality, the loftiest of
tattvams, Superior jyoti and ParamAtmA (Supreme Self).
Comments:
Upanishad BhAshyakArar, Sri RangarAmAnuja Muni has invited our attention to

the fact that the name of nArAyaNa is invoked in each of the four pAdams to
establish firmly that nArAyaNan alone is the object of meditation (upAsyA) in
all brahmopAsanAs. The nirNayam of who is the ParadevatA is vital for one who
seeks moksham (paradevatA pAramArthyam).
15
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‘param jyoti’ - SrI Malayappa swami - tirumala

Thanks: SrI Shreekrishna Akilesh
16
The devatAs other than SrIman nArAyaNa are incapable of granting moksham
since they are karma vasyALs who are recipients of divya j~nAnam from
SrIman nArAyaNan to perform kaimkaryams for Him. They do not have
SubhASrayam and are the servants of the Lord. They are therefore not fit for
upAsanA by mumukshus. The seeker of Moksham without firm understanding of
SrIman nArAyaNan as the para devatai will lose his way due to failure to
understand the concepts like ananya SAraNatvam, bhagavat Seshatvam and
devatAntara tyAgam as a prerequisite to approach the SaraNya dampatis as
their means and goal. The word “param” is also seen in each of the pAdams to
establish firmly the paratvam and paradevatA pAramArthyam of SrIman
nArAyaNan.
Swamy Desikan sums up brilliantly about the Supremacy of SrIman nArAyaNan

in his introductory Slokam for the ParadevatA pAramArthyAdhikAram of
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Srimad Rahasya traya sAram:
ÇYyNtErekk{QEStdnugu[-mnu-Vyas-muOyaeiíÉí
ïImaÚaray[ae n> pitrioltnumuRi´dae mu´ÉaeGy>
trayyantairekakaNThaistadanuguNa-manu-vyAsa-mukhyoktibhiSca
SrImAnnArAyaNo na: patirakhilatanurmuktido muktabhogya:
Here Swami Desikan instructs us that SrIman nArAyaNan, who grants us

moksham and the object of enjoyment by the liberated souls is our Supreme
Master having all the cetanams and acetanams as His body; He is recognized
with one voice by Sages Manu, VyAsA and others as the sarva Seshi (Master of
All).
y½ ikiÂ¾gTyiSmn! †Zyte ïUyte=ip va,
ANtbRihí tTsv¡ VyaPy naray[> iSwt>.
17
yacca kincit jagatyasmin drSyate SrUyate api vA |
antarbahiSca tat sarvam vyApya nArAyaNa: sthita: || 5 ||
Meaning:
Whatever that our eyes see in this universe, whatever that is discussed in the
SAstrAs, every one of them is pervaded by Him inside and outside.
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SrIman nArAyaNan pervades everything!

Thanks: www.glimpseofkrishna.com
Comments:
The vyApti of SrIman nArAyaNan is established through this mantram. The

vyApti is of two types:
1. antar-vyApti and
2. bahir vyApti.
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He achieves this difficult goal through His skills (SAmarthyam) to unite the
polar opposites (agaTigaTanA sAmarthyam) celebrated by Swamy NammAzhvAr
in His TiruviNNagar pAsurams (6.3.1): “Look at the marvelous splendor of my
Lord! He is, He pervades, He is present in and is the controller of all – yes, all
even mutually non-co-existables”. Upanishad BhAshyakArar also reminds us of
the first mantram of ISAvAsyopanishad: “All this whatsoever is changeable in
this world is pervaded by the Lord (ISA vAsyamidagum sarvam yatkincha
jagatyAm jagat)”. He pervades all objects that are seen or heard in this world.
Swamy ParASara BhaTTar in his VishNu sahasra nAma bhAshyam (nAmA 468)
cites the instance, where His vyApti was seen, when He pervaded all the devAs
and asurAs, the Mandara mountain and the serpent king Vaasuki through His
power to enable them to churn the Milky Ocean for bringing out the nectar.
The antaryAmi nature of the Supreme Brahman is expounded by
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brhadAraNayka Upanishad (4.4.22)
s va @; mhanj AaTma yae=y< iv}anmy> y @;aeNtùRdy AakazStiSmCDete
svRSy vzI svRSyezan> svRSyaixpit>
sa vA esha mahAnaja AtmA yo’ayam vij~nAnamaya:
ya esha: antarhrdaya AkASa: tasmin Sete sarvasya vaSI,
sarvasyeSAna: sarvasyAdhipati:.
This is the essence of anataryAmi brahmaNam, which establishes body and soul
relationship between the jIvan and Brahman on one side and the world and
Brahman on the other hand. BrhadAraNyaka Upanishad has been shown to
declare this body-soul relationship thirteen times to establish the centrality of
this doctrine. Srimad RaamAyaNam declares the Lord being the body of all
sentient and insentient (jagat sarvam SarIram te) and the sarvajn~an.
Ahirbudhyanan also salutes SrIman nArAyaNan as the body (SarIram) of all
the movable and immovable (carAcarANi bhUtAni sarvANi bhagavat vapu:).
19
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sarvAntaryAmi - namperumAL - SrIrangam

(Thanks: www.thiruvarangam.com
20
AnNtmVyy< kiv ~ smuÔe=Nt< ivñzMÉuvm!,
pÒkaezàtIkaz~ ùdy< caPyxaemuom!.
Axae inò(a ivtSTya< tu na_yamupir itóit,
ùdy< tiÖjanIyaiÖñSyaytn< mht!.
anantamavyayam kavigum samudrentam viSvaSambhuvam |
padmakoSapratIkAsagum hrdayam cApyadhomukham || 6 ||
adho nishTyA vitastyAm tu nAbhyAmupari tishThati |
hrdayam tat vijAnIyAt viSvasyAyatanam mahat || 7 ||
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Meaning:
nArAyaNan can not be described as being here and not there. He can not be
defined as the One who is now here and not there at other times. He is present
in all forms at all times and places. He is sarva vyApi. He has limitless kalyANa
guNams. The heart is located in between the bones of the neck and the belly
button (nAbhi) occupying the space of ten inches (angulams). This heart is the
abode of the sarvAntaryAmi (indweller of all), SrIman nArAyaNan.
Comments on the first pAdam of mantram 6:
SrIman nArAyaNan is saluted as anantam (infinite), kavi (the Omniscient),
samudrentam (one with His abode in the Ocean as KshIrAbdhi nAthan), viSva
Sambhuvan (the inner controller of Sambhu, Sivan). There is the usage of a
rare word here: “avyayam”. This word of salutation for SrIman nArAyaNa
means “imperishable (that which is not liable to change)”. This noun of “avyaya:”
for SrIman nArAyaNan salutes His undecaying, immutable nature. There is
another meaning for “avyaya:” - 13th nAmA of SrI VishNu sahasra nAmam by
Swamy ParASara BhaTTar based on the derivation from the verb “na
vIyate” (not to turn away). It means Our Lord, SrIman nArAyaNan is the One
21
who does not return the mukta jIvans back to samsAra maNDalam (na ca
punarAvartate).
Comments on first and second pAdam of mantram 7:
dahara vidyA of ChAndogya Upanishad as an upAsanam for the attainment of
the Lord is the subject of this section. The heart is compared to a downward
pointing lotus bud located (tishThati) between the neck joint (nishTyA) and
above the navel (nAbyAm upari) and having the measurement (vitasti) of twelve
inches. That heart is recognized as the divine abode (mahat Ayatanam) of the
Lord, who is the rakshakan of the world and its beings.
sNtt~ israiÉStu lMbTya kaezsiÚÉm!,
tSyaNte sui;r‡ sUúm< tiSmNsv¡ àitiótm!.

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santatagum sirAbhistu lambatyA koSa sannibham |
tasyAnte sushiragum sUkshmam tasmin sarvam pratishThitam || 8 ||
Meaning:
This heart resembling a small closed lotus flower is well covered by veins on
both sides. At the bottom of this lotus is a small space. nArAyaNan, the Self of
all, is established there to present Himself to the upAsakAs.
Comments:
“tasyAnte sushiragum sUkshmam tasmin sarvam pratishThitam” - Inside the
subtle opening (sushiragum sUkshmam ) at the end of the downward hanging,
slightly closed lotus (heart) saravAtmA (the indweller of all ) is positioned/
established. This is the Supreme Brahman present there to help upAsakAs to
meditate on Him as antaryAmi Brahman. He is seated in the middle of the
jATharAgni that enters the heart through the subtle opening. The next two
mantrams describe this mahA agni and its role.
22
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‘daharAkASan’ - tirukkacchi divya dampati-s

23
tSy mXye mhani¶-ivRñaicR-ivRñtaemuo>,
sae=¢ÉuiGvÉjiNt:QÚaharmjr> kiv>.
tasya madhye mahAnagnir viSvArcir viSvatomukha: |
so’agrabhug vibhajan tishThan AhAramajara: kavi: || 9 ||
Meaning:
In the middle of that small space is there is the mighty tall fire (MahA Agni)
known as jATharAgni. It spreads its tongues of flames on all four sides and
spreads everywhere (viSvArcir-viSvatomukha:). It has a sound also
accompanying it. It never gets extinguished. It consumes and digests what we
eat and converts it in different forms and is involved in the growth the seven
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dhAtus.
Comments:
The Lord (ajara: kavi:) is visualized as sitting in the midst of that roaring
gastric fire, breaks down the food (AhAram vibajan) and Himself consumes it
(agrabhug). Thus takes place the antaryAmi ArAdhanam!
sNtapyit Sv< dehmapadtlmStkm!,
santApayati svam dehamApAdatalamastakam | 10
Meaning:
The previous mantram described the Lord sitting in the middle of the MahA
Agni (tasya madhye viSvato mukha: sa: tishThati). That agni was identified as
jATharAgni, which is normally found in the stomach. The subtle flame makes its
entrance into the heart through that subtle hole at the entrance of the
downward turned lotus. The heat from that entire blazing flame spreads across
the body from head to foot (ApAdatalamastakam) and warms the body (svam
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deham santApayati) of the antaryAmi Brahman.
tSy mXye viûizoa A[IyaeRXvaR VyviSwt>,
nIltaeydmXySwa iv*u‘eoev ÉaSvra,
nIvarzUkvÄNvI pItaÉaSyaÄnUpma.
tasya madhye vahniSikhA aNIryordhvA vyavasthita: |
nIlatoyadamadhyasthA vidyullekheva bhAsvarA |
nIvAra SUkavat tanvI pItAbhA syAt tanUpamA || 11 ||
Meaning:
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This very same jATharAgni keeps us warm from head to foot. In the middle of
that agni is a slender flame (vahni SikhA) resembling a creeper that rises
upward firmly and stays steady without any flicker. It is abundantly bright. It
is shining like a flash of lightning in the middle of the darkish blue rainy season
cloud, which is the dark-hued Lord displaying the gold-colored PirATTi on His
chest. That flame of agni is slender like the tip of the nIvAra dhAnyam (grain).
Comments:
Both the ninth mantram and the eleventh mantram start with the word “tasya
madhye” and focuses on the Lord sitting with His PirATTi in the middle of the
vahni SikhA. The next mantram focuses also on the Supreme Brahman being
established in the middle of that vahni SikhA. The Upanishad BhAshyakArar
quotes AcArya RaamAnuja’s description in VedArtha sangraha: of the Lord
being seated with His PirATTi in the subtle space in the heart lotus:
sey< dhrpu{frIk mXySwakaz vitRnI viûizoa SvaNtinRiht-inltaeydaÉ prmaTmSvêpa
SvaNtinRihtnIltaeyda iv*uidvaÉait #TywR>
25
seyam dahara puNDarIka madhyasthAkASa vartinI vahni SikhA, svAntarnihita
nilatoyadAbha paramAtma svarUpA svAntar-nihita-nIlatoyadA vidyudiva
AbhAti ityartha:
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namperumAL and SrI ranganAcciyAr panguni uttiram serti -SrIrangam

Thanks: SrI Narasimha BhaTTar
tSya> izoaya mXye prmaTma VyviSwt>,
s äüa s izv> seNÔ sae=]r> prm> Svraq!.
tasyA: SikhAyA madhye paramAtmA vyavasthita: |
sa brahmA sa Siva: sendra: sokshara: parama: svarAT || 12 ||
Meaning:
In the middle of that flame, the Supreme Lord, SrIman nArAyaNan resides
26
steadily with His enchanting, golden form. He is the indweller of karma vasyAs
like BrahmA, Siva, Indran as well as the mukta jIvan (akshara:) liberated from
the karmAs of either kind.
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‘The Enchanting Golden form!’
SrI Malayappa swami - tirumala
Thanks : SrI Shreekrishna Akilesh
Comments:
Upanishad BhAshyakArar points out that BrahmA, Sivan, Indran, the other
devatAs and the mukta jIvans are connected to the Parama svarAT, the
uncontested Supreme Master (Seshi) of them (Seshans) through the principle
of samAnAdhikaraNam because of the underlying tattvam of SarIrAtma
bhAvam. He resides in the middle of that slender jvAlai with His PirATTi for
27
helping the sAdhakAs to meditate upon Him displaying the golden hue.
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‘The Supreme Brahman’

tiruuttiramerUr divya dampati-s serti
Thanks: SrI S Srivatsan
\t~ sTy< pr< äü pué;< k«:[ip¼¦m!,
^XvRret< ivêpa]< ivñêpay vE nm>.
rtagum satyam param brahma purusham krshNa pingaLam |
Urdhvaretam virUpAksham viSvarUpAya vai nama: || 13 ||
Meaning:
Salutations to the Supreme Brahman (param brahma), the all pervasive sarva
gata vibhu (rtagum) , the changeless nirvikAran (satyam) and who has the
cosmic form (viSvarUpam). He has eyes that have different functions
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(virUpAkshan). One eye is like the scorching fire (vahni sankAsam) for the
enemies of His bhAgavatAs and the other is like the cool Moon (tuhina
sannibam) regarding His bhaktAs. He has risen above all changes (Urdhvareta
nirvikAra purushan). The hue of this Purushan is a blend of dark blue and gold.
The dark blue color is that of the Lord and the golden hue is from that of His
PirATTi, the HiraNya varNai. This blended color is described as “krshNa
pingaLam”. Upanishad BhAshyakArar quotes a passage from YogArNava text to
salute the KrshNa pingaLa color of the Lord:
namasye paramAnanda vapusham krshNapingaLam
nArAyaNam jagannAtham vasudevamanAmayam
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“krshNa pingaLam” - SrI sampathkumarar with ubhaya nAccimArs - Melkote

(Thanks: SrI Shreekrishna Akilesh)
Comments:
This ParamAtmA pervades in all directions (vibhu:). He is changeless unlike

others who undergo changes in names and forms. He is therefore an avikAran
29
(Urdhvaretas) . He is superior to every one. He is sarva vyApi. He has ananta
KalyANa guNams. He has two hues blended in to one like the color of the neck
region of a peacock (krshNa pingaLam); His own natural hue is dark and His
PirATTi’s hue is golden yellow and they are blended in to one hybrid hue. He is
the grantor of the highest PurushArtham of Mukti. He is the lofty hill of
valour. He has the eyes which have different functions; one is cool and pleasing
to welcome His bhaktAs, the other is fierce and frightening to punish the
virodhis of His bhAgavatAs befitting His name as virUpAkshan. Those eyes look
like the dawn, when Candran and sUryan arise at the same time. aDiyEn
prostrates before this sarvAntaryAmi.
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‘aDiyEn prostrates before the sarvAntaryAmi’

tiruvaDi-s of SrI Sampathkumarar of Melkote
Thanks : SrI Shreekrishna Akilesh
Aae< naray[ay ivÒhe vasudevay xImih,
tÚae iv:[u> àcaedyat!.
30
om nArAyaNAya vidmahe vAsudevAya dhImahi |
tanno vishNu: pracodayAt || 14 ||
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‘Meditate on SrIman nArAyaNan alone’
Meaning:
May we meditate on SrIman nArAyaNan alone! For accomplishing that, let us

position Lord Vaasudevan in our minds. He is free from all blemishes (amalan)
and nirmalan (untouched by the dosham through contact with vastus with
dosham). May this all pervading Lord invigorate us to travel by sanmArgam to
His supreme abode!
Comments:
This is the celebrated VishNu gAyatrI mantram. All the three vyApaka
mantrams of the Lord are integrated here: ashTAkshari, dvadaSAkshari and
shaTakshari.
SrImate nArAyaNAya nama:

dAsan,
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SrI RanganAthar’s VimAna PaThakkam
www.sadagopan.org
SrI VishNu Sooktham
Annotated Commentary in English By:

Oppiliappan Koil
SrI VaradAchAri SaThakopan
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TITLE PAGE
Introduction 1
Manthram 1 6
Manthram 2 8
Manthram 3 9
Manthram 4 10
Manthram 5 11
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Manthram 6 12
Manthram 7 13
Manthram 8 14
Manthram 9 15
Manthram 10 16
Manthram 11 17
Manthram 12 18
Manthram 13 19
Nigamanam 20
3
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4
. ïI>.
. ïI iv:[usU´m!.
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Lord MahA vishNu
INTRODUCTION:
Sri Vishnu Sahasra Naamam celebrates the glory of Lord Vishnu. The first verse
itself contains the Vishnu Sabdham/naamam:
ivñ< iv:[uvR;q!karae ÉUtÉVyÉvTàÉu>,
ÉUtk«ÑUtÉ&Ñavae ÉUtaTma ÉUtÉavn>.
visvam vishNurvashaTkArO bhUtabhavya bhavatprabhu: |

bhUtakrudbhUtabhrudbhAvO bhUtAtmA bhUta bhAvana: ||
Visvam means also perfect or paripoorNam (full in all aspects) according to ParAsara
Bhattar. That perfect One, That Nampi pervades all of His creations (sentient and
insentient):
1
“CarAcara bhUtEshu vEsanAt vishNu”
The next naamam points out that He is “VashaTkAran” (i.e.), He not only pervades all
of His creations, but He also controls and directs them as their niyanthA.
His Omnipotence is celebrated with the next Naamam:
“bhUta-bhavya-bhavat-prabhu:”
He is the Swamy of all things that existed in the past, that are present today and are
going to be created in the future. He is their Prabhu. He creates them (bhUtakrit);
He protects and supports them (bhUtabrut) and serves as their epicenter (adhAram).
He thus exists (bhAva:) with all these VibhUthis as “Sarva-bhUta-antarAtmA”. As
“bhUta-bhAvanan”, He as Sarva Seshi blesses all of His creations to grow and
provides them the means “to sustain them, nourish them and contribute to their
enjoyment of Him” (thAni dhAraka-pOshaka-bhOgya-pradhAnEna Vardhayati).
The first nine of the Sahasra naamams thus provide a beautiful introduction to the
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powerful and unique concept of VishNu tattvam. These naamams are based on Veda
Manthrams including those housed in Sri VishNu Sooktham. adiyEn will refer to two
manthrams from the third canto of Rg Vedam to illustrate the Vedic pramANam for
the VishNu tattvam.
iv:[u< Staemas> puédSmm! AkaR ÉgSyev kair[ae yamin Gmn!,
%é³m> kk…hae ySy pUvIRnR mxRiNt yuvtyae jinÇI>.
vishnum stOmAsa: purudasmam arkA bhagasyEva kAriNO yAmani gman |

urukrama: kakuhO yasya pUrvIr na mardhanti yuvatayO: janitrI: ||
---Rg Vedam: III: 54.14
MEANING:
May our adulations and prayers, the causes behind our Isvaryam, reach the all-
pervading VishNu, whose DayA and Preethi is the goal of all of us in our tasks and
worship! That VishNu traverses all regions of His Universe with His gigantic strides.
The multifaceted and interlocked regions of space, the twin-mother of all His
creations, never transgress His commands.
2
iv:[ugaRepa> prm< pait paw> iàya xamaNym&ta dxan>,
Ai¶òa ivña Éuvnain ved mhÎevanamsurTvmekm!.
vishnur gOpA: paramam pAti pAtha: priyA dhAmanyamrutA dadhAna: |

agnishTaa viSvA bhuvanAni vEda mahat dEvAnAmasuratvam yEkam ||
--Rg Vedam III.55.10
MEANING:
“Pervading and protecting ALL, possessing -- immortal radiance (as Agni), He (VishNu)
preserves the Supreme path of rains, for the divine fire is conscious of all these
worlds. For VishNu’s glory in nature’s bounties is great and unequalled”.
Such is His Veeryam; another Rg Veda Manthram passage (X.1.3) elaborates on this
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Veeryam:
iv:[u#RTwa prm< ASy ivÖaÃatae b&hÚ! AiÉ pait t&tIym!,
“VishNur ittthA paramam asya vidvAn jAtO brihann abhi pAti trutIyam”
VishNu becomes vast and wise as soon as He is manifested, and pervades the entire
Universe. He as fire divine protects His third form (the Sun).
Rg Veda manthram I.154.3 describes the total and unshakable loyalty of the
worshipper to Lord VishNu, the creator of this extensive universe:
à iv:[ve zU;metu mNm igiri]t %égayay v&:[e,
y #d< dI"Rm! àyt< sxSwmekae ivmme iÇiÉ#RTpdeiÉ>.
pra vishNavE SUshamEtu manma girikshita urugAyAya vrushNE |

ya idam dIrgham prayatam sadhasthamEkO vimmaE tribhiritpadEbhi: ||
MEANING:
“To Him alone, who has created this entire extensive universe with three components
3
(micro, macro and ultra-micro), and who is the showerer of bliss, the upholder of
clouds, and the One glorified by ALL, are dedicated our learning and endeavours”.
The Vedic word “girikshita” here has been interpreted as the One, who abides in high
places. The highest of these high places is Parama Padham, where the Nithya-Sooris
offer kaimkaryam to Him. The word “tribhi:” has also been interpreted to mean the
triads of tatthvams:
(a) Prithvi, Jala and tEjas (Earth, Water and Light)
(b) Three divisions of Time (Past, Present and Future)
(c) Beyond three GuNAs (Satthva, RajO and tamas) a Suddha Satthva ThirumEni.
Lord VishNu’s limitless Vaibhavam, jagath KaaraNathvam, Jagath Aadharathvam,

Jagath Rakshathvam as JagannAthan and His glories as VaisvAnaran (Ruler of all
souls), as atthA or enjoyer of all souls, as SarvAthmA (the underlying soul of all), as
akshara Brahmam (the imperishable reality) as AayathanavAn (the abode of Heaven
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and Earth), as the BhUmA (the infinitely lofty and immense) and as DaharAkasan (the
dweller of the subtle space in the heart lotus) are celebrated by the above Rg Veda
Manthrams and elaborated further in the thirteen Sri VishNu Sooktha Manthrams.
The Taitthiriya Samhithai has seven manthrams assembled under the title of Sri
Vishnu Sooktham section. The Vaishnavas have the version that has 13 manthrams.
Additional manthrams are from Rg vedam and elsewhere. adiyEn will focus on the
latter. The VaishNavAs recite these 13 manthrams during Bhagavath AarAdhanam and
Thirumanjanam to salute the Lord’s glories.
As referred to earlier, Sri Vishnu Sooktham is a celebration of the Lord’s

Thrivikrama avathAram, the avathAram that fascinated the AzhwArs and AchAryAs
like Swamy Desikan (dehaLeesa SthOthram).
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5
MANTHRAMS AND MEANINGS
MANTHRAM 1:
iv:[aenRuk< vIyaRi[ àvaec< y> paiwRvain ivmme rjag!<is,
yae ASkÉayÊÄrg!< sxSw< ivc³ma[öexaeégay>.
vishNOrnukam veeryANi pravOcam

ya: paarthivAni vimamE rajAgumsi
yO askabhayaduttaragum sadhastham
vicakramANastrEdhOrugAya:
--TaitthirIya Samhithai: 1.2.27 & Rg.vedam 1.154.1
MEANING:
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With reverence, adiyEn will describe now the brave, divine and wondrous deeds of the
Lord Thrivikraman. He measured the Universes with three steps. He is the One
eulogized profoundly by the sages, who had the bhAgyam to witness this great
performance. This amazing Lord set in order the Earth and the other worlds, which in
dimensions are like dust specks from His Thiruvadi. He stabilized the upper regions
like Svargam and made them stay firm through His power.
6
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Lord Thrivikraman
7
MANTHRAM 2:
iv:[ae rraqmis iv:[ae> p&òmis iv:[ae> îPÇeSwae,
iv:[ae> SyUris iv:[aeØRuvmis vE:[vmis iv:[ve Tva.
vishNO: rarATamasi vishNO: prushTamasi vishNO: snaptrEsthO |

vishNO: syUrasi vishNOrdhruvamasi vaishnavamasi VishNavE tvA ||
MEANING:
Oh my Mind! You serve as the face of the Lord. You are the seat for the Lord. You
have become the instrument to know our Lord. You serve as the firm seat made up of
the stitching of nerves on both sides to hold Him firm. You have become the
permanent place of residence of the Lord of infinite glories. Oh my mind! You are the
property of the Lord. adiyEn presents you to Your Swami, the Owner.
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“adiyEn presents you to Your Swami, the Owner”

(Thanks Sow. Chithralekha)
8
MANTHRAM 3:
tdSy iàymiÉ pawae AZyam!, nrae yÇ devyvae mdiNt,
%é³mSy s ih bNxuirTwa, iv:[ae> pde prme mXv %Ts>.
tadasya priyamapi pAthO aSyAm

narO yatra dEvayavO madanti
urukramasya sa hi bandhuritthA
vishNO: padE paramE madhva uthsa: ||
--Rg Vedam I.154.5
MEANING:
Therefore adiyEn will partake the holy water flowing from the sacred feet of
Thrivikraman that is dear to all. Those devotees, who never ever want to be separated
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from the Lord partake this SripAdha Theertham and feel mentally fulfilled. That
Lord, who grew quickly to stride over the Universes binds these devotees to Himself
and stays at His Supreme Abode of SriVaikuNTham conferring bliss to all MukthAs
and Nithyasooris.
Sripaada Theertham Ganga at Badrinath

(Thanks SrI Padmanabhan - [email protected])
9
MANTHRAM 4:
à tiÖ:[u> Stvte vIyaRy m&gae n ÉIm> k…crae igiróa>,
ySyaeé;u iÇ;u iv³m[e;u Aixi]yiNt Éuvnain ivña.
pra tadvishNu: stavatE veeryAya

mrughO na bheema: kucarO girishThA: |
yasyOrushu trishu vikramaNEshU
adhikshayanti bhuvanAni viSvA ||
— Rg Vedam I.154.2
MEANING:
The all-pervading Thrivikraman dominates by His prowess like a powerful mountain
lion. Within His three extended strides, all His creations rest (find their home). Just
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as an extraordinarily powerful lion strutting at the foot of the mountain jumps and
reaches in a flash the top of the mountain, Our Lord extended His feet to measure
the entire Universe. Every one who wishes to attain glory eulogizes the Lord in this
way.
The Mountain Lion - Ugranarasimhar of Ahobilam
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MANTRAM 5:
prae maÇya tnuva v&xan n te mihTvmNvîuviNt,
%Ée te ivÒ rjsI p&iwVya> iv:[ae dev Tv< prmSy ivWse.
parO mAtrayA tanuvA vrudhAna na

tE mahitvamanvasnuvanti
ubhE tE vidma rajasI pruthivyA:
vishNO dEva tvam paramasya vithsE
---Rg vedam 7.99.1
MEANING:
Oh Lord ThrivikramA of many mysteries! You grew into a gigantic form never seen
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before to measure the universe with Your three strides! Nobody fully comprehends
Your infinite glories. Therefore You are the Supreme Lord (Parama Purushan /
PurushOtthaman). You measured this enchanting BhU Lokam with one of Your stride
and the upper Svarga lOkam with another stride. This we know of; however, You alone
know about the greatness of Your Parama Padham. You begged for three steps of land
with Your small feet as Vaamanan at MahA Bali’s Yaaga Saalai. You had in mind two
measures for striding over the earth and Upper lOkam. In that case, You did not then
need the third measure at all. That was our understanding. You had some thing else
however in mind. You wanted to place that third step of Your Thiruvadi on the head of
MahA Bali, who was born in the vamsam of a great BhaagavathA like PrahlAdhan. You
begged MahA Bali therefore for the third measure of land to confer Your supreme
anugraham. You alone were privy to this plan. We learnt about it (your purpose) later.
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MANTHRAM 6:
ivc³me p&iwvIme; @tam! ]eÇay iv:[umRnu;e dzSyn!,
Øuvasae ASy kIryae jnas> %éi]itg!< sujinmackar.
vichakramE pruthvImEsha yEtAm kshEtrAya vishNurmanushE dasasyan |

dhruvAsO asya kIrayO janAsa: urukshithigum sujanimA-cakAra ||
--Rg Vedam 7.100.4
MEANING:
“With an object of giving a
home to every man, the all-
pervading Lord (VishNu)
traverses the earth in one
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mighty step. In His

benevolence, the humble
people repose their
confidence for safety. He,
who is the noble progenitor,
has made spacious dwelling
(for His people)”. Those
people who eulogize Him
out of gratefulness for His
dayA live blessed lives
here. (Vedam identifies
these noble ones, who sing
about the glories of the
Lord and meditate on Him
as Sujanima or nobly born).
“One mighty step”
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MANTHRAM 7:
iÇdeRv> p&iwvIme@; @tam! ivc³me ztcRs< mihTva,
à iv:[urStu tvsStvIyan! Tve;g<! ýSy SwivrSy nam.
trir dEva: pruthvImEsha yEthAm vicakramE Satarcasam mahitvA |

pra vishNurastu tavasas tavIyAn tvEshagum hy asya sthavirasya nAma ||
--Rg vedam 7.100.3
MEANING:
In all His majesty, the Lord (Thrivikraman) strides in three steps over this earth that
is resplendent with hundred splendours. May this all-pervading VishNu naarAyaNan,
the most powerful among powerful, rule over us. Sacred and unmatched in glory is the
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name of this eternal Lord (aksharan)!
The three words in the Manthram that need comments are:
tridEva: - the deity, Thrivikraman, who took three steps to measure the earth and the
sky
Satarcasam - radiant with

hundreds of splendours
asya sthavirasya nAma - The

name of this One, who lives
forever without decay or
dissolution. This radiant Lord
measured the Earth with three
steps so that people can live
happily in hundreds of ways. He
is DevarAjan and His name
shines brightly forever.
“Shines brightly forever”

Thanks SrI Gopal ([email protected])
13
MANTHRAM 8:
Atae deva AvNtu nae ytae iv:[uivRc³me,
p&iwVya> sÝxamiÉ>.
atO dEvA avantu nO yatO vishNurvicakramE |

pruthivyA: saptadhAmabhi: ||
--TaittirIya Samhithai:1.2.25 & Rg Vedam :1.22.16
MEANING:
“May the Omnipresent Lord, along with nature’s bounties, preserve us on that part of
the Earth whence the Lord measured the seven regions! (This refers to that part of
the earth on which the divine revelations came to men through seven metres of the
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Vedic verses).”
The word “sapta dhAmabhi:” has been interpreted in number of ways by Veda
BhAshyakArALs. Swamy DayanandhA identifies these seven forms as casual matter,
atom, virAt or MahAn, air, fire, water and Earth. These seven forms can be those of
the seven Vedic metres like Gayathri, ushnik, thrishtup etc. These seven forms have
also been interpreted as the seven kinds of Samiths used in Yaagams on this Earth
measured by the Lord Thrivikraman (arasu, Purasu, atthi, Vahni, vikantham,
asanihatham, lotus petals).
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MANTHRAM 9:
#d< iv:[uivRc³me Çexa indxe pdm!,
smUFmSy pag!<sure.
idam vishNurvihakramE thrEdhA nidadhE padam |

samUDhamasya paagumsurE ||
--Rg Vedam: I.22.17
MEANING:
“The Omnipresent and the all-powerful Lord dominates over all the three regions,
earth, mid-region and the celestial. His one step is deeply rooted in the deep dark
mystery, beyond the knowledge of mankind.”
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The Lord used three steps to measure the Universe at every level (trEdhA nidadhE
padam). This earth filled with dust is brilliantly administered by the Lord.
“SamUDhamasya paagumsurE (enveloped in dust)”: Here, niruktham says that the

usage is metaphorical (i.e.), the foot steps of the Lord are not visible, as if they are
enveloped in dust.
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MANTHRAM 10:
ÇIi[ pda ivc³me iv:[ugaeRpa Ada_y>,
ttae xmaRi[ xaryn!.
trINi padA vicakramE vishNurgOpA adAbhya: |

tatO dharmANi dhArayan ||
-- Rg Vedam: I.22.18
MEANING:
“The Omnipresent Lord, the preserver of the
indomitable, created all the three regions,
Earth, the mid-region and the celestial. He
sustains and preserves the sanctity of all vital
functions that keep life pulsating”.
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The other interpretation is: Our Lord

Thrivikraman, who can not be subdued by anyone,
took back from MahA Bali the Universe through
the ruse of request of three steps of land as
dhAnam and saved the world from his excesses.
He could then let the dEvAs receive the Havis
and through that anugraham protected the
dharmams based on Yaagams.
“Took back the universe”
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MANTHRAM 11:
iv:[ae> kmaRi[ pZyt ytae ìtain pSpze,
#NÔSy yuJy> soa.
vishNO: karmANi paSyata yatO vratAni paspaSE |

indrasya yujya: sakhA ||
--Rg Vedam: I.22.19
MEANING:
“Behold the marvelous creations of the Omnipresent Lord, who fulfils our noble
aspirations. He is a true friend of the Soul (Jeevan)”.
The Other interpretation is: Oh People of the World! Enjoy witnessing the divine
activities of the Lord. Through these divine acts, the Lord facilitates the initiation of
vrathams done by the humans without fear. This Thrivikraman is an inseparable friend
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and helper of Indhran.
Thirukovalur Ayan
(Thanks SrI Gopal ([email protected])
17
MANTHRAM 12:
tiÖ:[ae> prm< pd< sda pZyiNt sUry>,
idvIv c]urattm!.
tad vishNO: paramam padam sadA pasyanti sooraya: |

divIva cakshurAtatam ||
--Rg Vedam: I.22.20
MEANING:
“The wise and true seekers realize the Lord through meditation within their own self;
they see Him vividly as the eye ranges over the sky”.
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antaryAmi
(thanks madhavapriya devidAsi)
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MANTHRAM 13:
tiÖàasae ivpNyvae jag&vag!< sSsimNxte,
iv:[aeRyTprm< pdm!.
tad viprAsO vipanyavO jAgruvAgum sasamindhatE

vishNOr yat paramam padam
--Rg Vedam : I.22.21
MEANING:
By transcendental meditation and pious acts, the vigilant seeker of truth realizes the
all-pervading God within the innermost cavity, the supreme abode of the Lord.
The other interpretation is: The nithyasooris eulogize the ThirumEni of Parama Padha
Naathan, the reward of MukthAs with Jn~Ana vikAsam (fully blossomed Jn~Anam)
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and enjoy that Lord without interruption (ParipoorNa BrahmAnandham).
Paripoorna brahmaanandham
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THE FIRST WORD OF SRI VISHNU SOOKTHAM
The word Visvam (Cosmos) occurs as the first word in Sri VishNu sooktham as well
as Sri VishNu sahasra Naamam. Viswam is a word with profound Vedic meanings.
adiyEn will elaborate on those Mantrams of Rg Vedam that start with the word
"Visvam". Each word of the VishNu sooktha mantrams can be elaborated upon . For
the sake of brevity, adiyEn will only elaborate on the multiple links of the first word
of Sri VishNu Sooktham.
The word Visvam is saluted NINETY times in the Rg Veda Rks. Here are some
examples from each of the Khandams. Such references are illustrative rather than
being exhaustive and are intended to encourage you to get closer to the Veda
manthrams of our Vaidhika Matham. The ten manthraas from each of the ten
Khandams are:
1. Visvasya hi prANanam ---1.48.10

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2. Visvam satyam magavAnA -- 2.24.12
3. VisvadhEthE janimA -- 3.54.8
4. VisvA rhOdhAmsi pravathasccha -- 4.22.4
5. visvasya hi prachEthasA -- 5.71.2
6. VisvE yaddhAm mamhanA --6.67.5
7. Visvam pratheechee saprathA --7.77.2
8. Visvam pasyanthO bibhruthA --8.20.26
9. Visvasya rAjA pavathE --9.76.4
10. VisvakarmA vimanA --10. 82.2
Some of the beautiful Rks(1.48.8,10, 12) dealing with Dawn (Ushas) also include
references to Visvam. The first Khandam -- the oldest section of the oldest Vedam --
has the largest number of references to "Visvam" (17 out of 90 salutations).
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FIRST KHANDAM: RK 1.100.19
visvAhEndrO adhivakthA nO asthva
parihvritA: sunuyAma vAjam I
tannO MithrO VaruNO mAmahanthAmadhithi:
sindhu: pruthvee utha dhyou: II
Here, the prayer is in Trishtubh Chandas. It is addressed to the resplendent Lord of
the Universe (Visvendra:). The Rishis offering the prayer are six in number
(VaaRshAgirar, Rujraswar, Ambareeshar, Sahadevar, Bhaya mAnar and SurAdasar.
IndrA is the DevathA.
The Lord pervading the Universe is requested to be our guide each day. The prayer is
for the benediction of total surrender (SaraNAgathi) to Him and for the enjoyment
of food in the manner recommended by the first manthram of IsAvAsya Upanishad
(tEna tyaktEna BhunjithA: --the renounced, thou shouldst enjoy).
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The prayer continues: "May the venerable, INDIVISIBLE, mighty God and the natural
bounties of Ocean, Earth and Heaven (His visva Rupa manifestations) grant us
favours".
SECOND KHANDAM: RK 2.13.10

visvedh anu rodhanA asya poumsyam
dhadhurasmai dadhirE krutnavE dhanam I
shalastabhnA vishtira: pancha samdrusa:
pari parO abhava: sAsyuthya: II
Sownaka and Gruthsamadha are the twin rishis for this manthram; Indra continues to
be the DevathA and the chandas is Trishtubh. The omnipotence, the omnipresence of
the Lord is saluted here. The manthram acknowledges that all the obstacles (for
spiritual advancement) yield to His manly strength. It goes on to the Visva sAmrAt
aspect of the Lord this way: "All the virtuous people lay before You, the emperor, ALL
of their possessions ". You are the door (entrance gate) of mighty deeds (efforts) and
uphold (pervade) the regions of the six extensions or cardinal points and offer
protection to the five classes of men, who look upto you for spiritual guidance. May all
of our praises be to You and You alone!
Sayana interprets the Six extensions or cardinal points of the Lord as Heaven, Earth,
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Day, Night, Waters and Oushadhis (life giving and medicinal plants). The five classes
of people are considered to belong to the four VarNAs and Nishadaas. These five
classes of people have also been associated with the five cognitive organs.
THIRD KHANDAM: RK 3.54.8

The Rishi for this manthram is PrajApathi, DevathA is VisvE devAs and the chandas is
Trishtubh.
visvEdh yEthE janimA vivikthO mahO

dEvAn bibhrathi na vyaThEthE I
yejad dhruvam patyathE VISVAMEKAM
charath patathri VishuNam vi jAtham II
Here, the Rk salutes the ONE BASE on which all entities rest (i.e), the VisvAthman.
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This prayer starts with the focus on the two entities (Earth and Heaven) and states
that these two keep all born (created) things discrete. It points out that these two
comprehending Nature's great bounties are not themselves distressed (affected).
The Rk firmly states that all the moving (ChEthanAs) and stationary (AchEthanAs)
beings of His Universe rest upon ONE BASE (HIM), be they animals, birds, humans or
creatures of various kinds. His VisvAdharathvam is saluted throughout this Rk.
FOURTH KHANDAM: RK 4.22.4

The Rishis for this manthram are Goudhama and VaamaDeva. Indra is the DevathA
and Trishtubh is the Chandas.
The Rk is:
visvA rhodhAmsi pravathasccha purvir

dhyaour rshvAj janimAn rEjatha kshA: I
aa mAtharA bharathi sukshmyA ghOr
nrivath parijman nOnuvantha vAthA: II
The pervasiveness of the Lord in all the things that He created as Visvarupi and
VisvAthmA and Visva Saakshi is saluted in this manthram.
It recognizes that His sankalpam (ordainment) pulsates ALL of His creation with His
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presence and Energy and make them vibrant with vigour. All the Hills, flooded
(overflowing, bounteous) rivers, Heaven and Earth start oscillating with energy and
power. The Lord not only pervades them and energizes them at the start, but, He as
the mighty, caring and determined parent of all of His creation sustains both Heaven,
Earth and all that is in between. The Cosmic winds (VaathA:) raise their voices in loud
salutations like a crowd of men in mid-region. The unity between the Creator, Created
and their resonances are being saluted by the two Manthra DhrushTAs in this Rk.
FIFTH KHANDAM: RK - 5.81.2

The Rishis (Manthra DhrushTAs) of this Rk are AthrEya and SyAvana. Savitha is the
DevathA and the chandas is Jagadhi.
The Rk itself is:
visvA roopANi prathi munjathE kavi:
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prAsAveedh bhadram dvipadEh chathushpadEh I
vi nAkam akhyath SavithA varENyOnu
prayANamushasO vi rAjathi II
kavi: visvaaroopaani prathi munjateh

(The all knowing, omniscient Creator as the supreme Enlightenment pervades and
presents Himself in ALL forms of His creation.
dvipadeh chathushpadeh bhadram praasaaveedh

(He blesses, brings forth the humans and the four-footed all auspiciousness).
varenya: vi naakam akhyath savitha

anu prayaanam ushaso vi raajathi
(The celebrated, illustrious Creator illumines the heaven's high vault and continues to
illumine even after the setting of Ushas (the first awakening / flashes of the inner
conscience).
RG VEDAM: SIXTH KHAANDAM --6. 48.8

This subchapter (6.48) has 22 manthrams set in distinctly different Chandas (metres)
and different devathAs and Rishis.
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The 8th manthram is set in the long sathobruhathi chandas:
visvAsAm gruhapathir visam asi tvamgnE mAnusheeNAm

satham purbhir yavishta pahy amhasah sameddhAram satham
himA: sthotribhyO yE cha dadhathi I
Here the supreme Lord is invoked as Agni, as is wont in many of the Rg Vedic
ManthrAs. The Visvamurthy is recognized as the Lord of all households and the Lord
of the entire human race. The Rk prays: "May Thou, when kindled, protect me. O
forever-young fire -divine, you have limitless defenses against iniquity. May Thou
grant me hundred winters as well as to those, who liberally give to the singers of Your
glory".
Satham HimA: means the hundred winters or hundred years of Life on this earth
(Veda PrAyam).
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SEVENTH KHANDAM: RK --7.1.7

MaithrA VaruNirvasishta, Agni and Trishtup are the Rishi, DevathA and Chandas for
this Rk respectively.
Here a prayer is offered to the Lord Agni as the supreme Lord. He is requested to
burn down all the evils of the one, who prays, with His strong flames. He is asked to
drive away all the debilitating diseases with His powerful JwAlAs.
The Rk is as follows:
visvA AgnEapa daharAtheer yebhis tapObhir adhahO jarootham I

pra nisvaram chAthayasvAmeevAm II
Jarootham means either aged, dry wood or old worn-out things.
KHANDAM 8: RK 8.62.7
visvE ta Indra veeryam dEvA anu krathum dadhu: I
bhuvO visvasya gopathi: purushtutha bhadrA Indrasya raathaya: II
O Lord adored by all! O resplendent Lord! May Thou be the guardian of all the
chethanAs and the AchethanAs of your Universe! Blessed are the rewards that you
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grant us! All nature's bounties (Creations) accept you as their supreme leader
endowed with unmatched strength and wisdom.
KHANDAM 9: RK 76.4
This Rk has Bhargava Kavi Rishi, PavamAna Soma DevathA and Jagathee chandas. This
is a beautiful prayer to the Sovereign of all the creatures that see the light of life
with His blessings.
The Rk is as follows:
visvasya rAjA pavathE svadarsa ritasya

dheethim rishishALaveevasath I
ya: SuryasyAsirENa mrujyathE
pithA mateenAm asamashtakAvya: II
The prayer starts with an acknowledgement of the divine bliss that flows from the
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sovereign of all the creatures that see the light. He is next acknowledged as the
supreme Lord of all the righteous (seers and saints), who sing His praise at the SomA
sacrifices. This supreme Lord is visualized as being embellished by the rays of the
sun. He is recognized as the content of all the hymns of eulogy of the Veda manthrAs
and He is understood as one, whose wisdom is beyond our ken.
TENTH KHANDAM: RKS 45.6, 81.3, 81.6 AND 82.2

These are four magnificient Rks pregnant with the meanings about the Visvamoorthy.
Hence, I will cover them in this concluding section related to the Lord saluted as "Om
VisvAya Nama:" by Sri VishNu Sahasra Naamam.
Rk 45.6: BhAlandanO Vatsapri Rishi, Agni Devatha and Trishtup chandas.
Rks 81.3, 81.6 and 82.2: BhovanO VisvakarmA Rishi, VisvakarmA DevathA and Trishtup
chandas
Rk 45.6: visvasya kethur bhuvanasya garbha aa

rOdhasee apruNAj jAyamAna: I
veeLum chid adhrim abhinathparAyan
janA yadh Agnim ayajantha pancha II
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He is the Kethu: of the Visvam. The foremost of the world! He is the Garbha: of the
Bhuvanam. He is the seed germ of the World and its beings He is the sign/stamp of
all created entities. As He is manifested, He fills the heaven and earth with His
resplendent light. He cuts asunder even the solid cloud, as He advances. All the five
classes of men salute Him. The five classes of men can be understood as the four
VarNAs and the NishAdas. In another interpretation, the five classes of men are
associated with the performance of the Yajnam: the four chief priests (BrahmA,
HotA, UdgAthA and Adhvaryu) and the fifth, the YajamAnA.
Rks 81.3 and 81.6
visvathaschakshurutha visvathOmukhO
visvathObAhurutha visvathaspAth I
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sam bAhubhyAm dhamathi sam patatrair

dhyAvAbhumi janayandhaEva yekha: II ---- Rk 81.3
The forging of the world at the time of creation is visualized here. The mighty Lord
alone with eyes spanning the universe, mouths all around, arms all around and feet
spreading over the entire universe creates heaven and earth and forges them into
order with His winged arms.
The activities of the Universal architect (VisvakarmA, our Lord) continues to be

covered in the Rk 81.6:
visvakarman havishA vAvrudhAna:

svayam yajasva prithiveem utha dhyAm I
muhyanthvanyE abhithO janAsa
ihAsmAkam maghavA surir asthu II
O Universal Architect! May thou, exalted/pleased by our offerings, engage in the
performance of sacrifice (Yajnam) for the well-being of this earth and heaven! May
our enemies all around be stupefied and May Thou as our bounteous Lord be our guide
on this earth! May Thou be our pala prErakan (boon giver)!
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RK 82.2 CELEBRATING THE UNIVERSAL ARCHITECT
visvakarmA vimanA adh vihAya dhAthA
vidhAthA paramOtha samdhruk I
teshAm ishtAni samishA madhanthi
yathrA saptharishin para ekam aahu: II
The Universal Architect (Visvakarma) / creator cum designer is of unsurpassed
intellect. He is the all-pervading sustainer, who creates, superbly powered by His
supreme faculty of observation. In Him during the activities of creation, all the
sensual desires are fed with proper nourishment. They (His devotees) call Him as the
supreme one beyond the seven seers (i.e., the five sense organs of sight, hearing,
smell, taste and touch, and mind and intellect).
The mighty creator, the self-effulgent (svayam Jyothi) Lord, the Omniscient and all
pervasive VisvakarmA saluted by the VedAs through the "Visva" sabdham is the
Visvathomukhan referred to by the first Sri VishNu Sahasra Naamam.
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To conclude with a powerful statement form the tenth Khandam of the ancient Rg
Vedam (X. 82.3):
yO na: pithA janithA yO vidhAthA

dhAmAni veda bhuvanAni VISVAA I
yO devAnAm namadhA yekham yeva
tam samprasnam bhuvanA yanthyanyA II
This Rk recognizes the Lord saluted as "Om VisvAya Nama:" as our Father (PithA),
our begetter (JanithA), our Creator, and the knower of all the beings (created) and
their abodes. He is the name -giver of the DevAs (yO devAnAm nAmadhA) and yet
He, although known by many names given by Him to the various divinities, He is the
ONE (aadhAra purushan) and the only ONE that stands out as the Ucchishta
Brahmam. All other beings (divinities) approach Him with inquisitiveness.
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adiyEn will now conclude this posting on Vishnu Sooktham with a salutation to Sri
VaikuntanAthan (ThiruviNNagarappan) By KurEsar in his Sri Vaikunta Sthavam:
yt!! vE:[v< ih prm< pdmamniNt
o< va ydev prm< tms> prStat!,
tejaemy< prmsÅvmy< Øuv< yt!
AanNdkNd< AitsuNdr< AÑut< yt!.
yad vasihNavam hi paramam padam aamananti

kham vaa yadEva paramam tamasa: parastAt |
tEjO-mayam parama sattva-mayam dhruvam yad
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Aanandakandam atisundaram adbhutam yat

--Sri Vaikunta Stavam: SlOkam 41
MEANING:
The ancients describe the place named as Sri VaikuNTham as your permanent abode
that is saluted as the Supreme abode of VishNu; it is the same Supreme abode of the
Lord and is the ParamAkAsam beyond tamas known otherwise as Moola Prakruthi; it is
the place which is full of lustre and is Suddha Satthvamayam (free from any
admixture of RajO or tamO guNams); it is eternal, the basis of all bliss, the most
beautiful and wondrous.
namO bhagavatE vaasudevAya

dAsan Oppliappan Koli VaradhAchAri SaThakopan
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Sincere Thanks To:
1. Mannargudi Sri. Srinivasan Narayanan for Sanskrit Texts and proof reading
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2. Sri. Narasimhan, Sri. Diwakar Kannan, Sri. Murali BhaTTar, Sri. V. C.

GovindarAjan and Sri. B.S enthil for providing the beautiful images for this
eBook
3. Nedumtheru Sri.Mukund Srinivasan for co-ordinating the image selection
4. Sriman Vasudevan for the YouTube link for the TiruchAnUr Thirumanjanam
5. Smt. Jayashree Muralidharan for eBook assembly

CONTENTS
Introduction 1
SrI Sookta Mantrams and meanings 3
Appendix
Echos of Sri Sooktam in PurANam 43
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SrI RanganAyaki
(Courtesy:Sri. Murali BhaTTar)

ïI>
INTRODUCTION
The authenticity and Vaibhavam of Sri Devi is a central doctrine for SrI
VaishNavAs. Sri ParAsara Bhattar, the foster child of Sri RanganAyaki points
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out in one of the verses of Sri GuNa Ratna Kosam that the Vedic seers as the
mantra drashtAs have revealed that the VedAs are indeed the repositiories for
the precious gem-like guNams of SrI Devi:
deiv ïuit< ÉgvtI< àwme puma<s>
TvTsÌu[aE"mi[kaezg&h< g&[iNt,
devi Srutim bhagavatIm prathamE pumAmsa:
tvat-sadguNaugha maNikOsa grham grNanti |
One authentic Veda Sooktam, which establishes the greatness of SrI Devi is
Sri Sooktam. This Sooktam has provided the pramANams for many PurAnams
(VishNu PurANam), IthihAsam (Srimad RaamAyaNam) and stOtrams (Swamy
ALavanthAr’s CatusslOki, AchArya RaamAnujA’s SaraNAgati Gadyam, KurEsar’s
SrI Stavam, ParaaSara Battar’s SrI GuNa Ratna Kosam, Swamy Desikan’s SrI
Stuti and SrI VenkatAdhvari’s LakshmI Sahasram). Sri Devi’s upAyatvam (Her
as the Means), upEyatvam (Her as the goal) and PurushakAratvam (Her
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Intercession with Her Lord to forgive the aparAdhams of the Jeevans) and Her
naamA as BhagavathI (one who has the six guNams just as Her Lord) identify
Her as a lofty tattvam, which is even grander than Her Husband, who takes
pride in being known as the Lord of SrI Devi (SrInivAsan, SrIdharan, SrIsan,
SrEyaSrImAn, Maadhavan, MaalOlan).
Our AchAryAs have established the uniqueness and glories of Sri Devi and Her
special relationship with Her Lord. We will study these links between the 19
mantrams of SrI Sooktam and the doctrines such as Her Jagath KaaraNathvam
(creatrix), Mokshaprathathvam (power to grant Moksham) and Vibhuthvam
(Lordship).
adiyEn wishes to acknowledge the insights on the meanings for the Mantrams of
Sri Sooktham by Sriman RajagOpAlAcchAr Swamy in his monograph, Sri
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VaishNava Dinacharya, released by Sri VaishNava PrachAriNi Sabha of Chennai.
A brilliant essay in Tamil on the Sri Sooktham by Vaikunta Vaasis Sri

M.S.Rajagopalachar Swamy and Sri Anna N.Rangaraja Battar Swamy is highly
recommended for your reading. The hyperlink is the Mantras section of
Sriranga Pankajam: http://www.srirangapankajam.com
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3
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HiraNmayeem Lakshmeem! - PerundEvi ThAyAr - Kanchi
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Mantram - 1
ihr{yv[a¡ hir[I— suv[Rrjtöjam!,
cNÔa< ihr{myI— lúmI— jatvedae m Aavh. 1.
hiraNyavarNaam hariNeem suvarNa rajatasrajaam |
candraam hiraNmayeem lakshmeem jaatavedo ma aavaha ||
MEANING:
Oh Lord Mahaa VishNu with all aiswaryam, Jn~Anam and auspicious vaibhavam in
a svAbhAvika reethi (inherent manner)! adiyEn is engaged in Your kaimkaryams
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as sahaja dAsan and as Your nirupAdhika Seshan (unconditional liege). Please
grant adiyEn hence, the boon of having Your divine consort MahA Lakshmi near
me. May Thou bless adiyEn to have the darsana soubhAgyam of MahA Lakshmi,
who is celebrated for Her power to grant all auspicious boons that one desires
and has the capability to chase away all of our sins! She has indeed the most
beautiful hue of molten gold and adorns many beautiful silver and gold
ornaments to enhance their beauty. She gladdens the hearts of every one with
Her sevai and is abundant with all types of wealth and is easily approachable,
while open to listen to the plaintive cries of the suffering Jeevans and to
recommend them for Your anugraham. May this Divine consort of Yours with
the golden hue saluted as CandrA, HiraNmayee, HariNee and Lakshmee become
accessible to adiyEn with Your intervention!
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Mantram - 2
ta< m Aavh jatvedae lúmImnpgaimnIm!,
ySya< ihr{y< ivNdey< gamñ< pué;anhm!.
taam ma aavaha jaatavedo lakshmeemanapa gaamineem: |
yasyaam hiraNyam vindeyam gaamaSvam purushaanaham: ||
MEANING:
Oh Lord of limitless auspicious attributes (anantha KalyANa guNams)! Your

divine Consort has the Vaibhavam that is beyond description by the mind or
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speech. She is the One with all sAmudhrika lakshaNams and therefore is the
embodiment of perfect beauty. Please bless me to have Her near adiyEn to
perform kaimkaryams for Her in a way in which She will never leave adiyEn. May
adiyEn be the beneficiary of aiswaryams like the cattle, horses and servants
from Her, who is known for granting all one desires!
The prayer is: "Jaata vEdO! taam anapagaamineem lakshmeem ma Avaha!" Please
make it possible for Her to appear before adiyEn and sit near adiyEn to receive
adiyEn’s ArAdhanam and listen to adiyEn’s prayerful request for being blessed
with all types of aiswaryams.
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repository of all aiSwaryams
Alarmelmangai ThAyAr - Mylapore
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Mantram - 3
AñpUva¡ rwmXya< hiStnadàbaeidnIm!,
iïy< devImupþye ïImaR devI ju;tam!. 3.
aSvapoorvaam rathamadhyaam hastinaadaprabodineem|
Sriyam deveem upahvaye SrImaa devee jushataam: ||
MEANING:
SrI Devi resides in the heart lotus of all jeevans along with Her husband and as
a unique couple (dhivya Mithunam) shares with Him the duties of creation,
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sustenance and being the means and goal for those who seek refuge in Them.
She is the first One to wake up from the heart rending appeal for protection
by devotees like GajEndhran (Hasti Naathan). She has the lotus forests as one
of Her favorite residences besides Her Lord’s chest region and never leaves
His side even for a fraction of a second. She performs Her duties surrounded
by assistants on horse back (aSva PoorvA) and on chariots (raTa madhyA). She
is in the middle of those cavalry and chariot units. Since She lives in the lotus
forests dear to the elephants, She wakes up to the trumpeting of elephants
(Hasti) in the morning. The elephants awaken Her as though it is part of their
SuprabhAtham duties. She is also visualized as being woken up in the mornings
with the voices of the four VaithALikAs (Court bards) in the form of elephants
(Kukkulu, KuraNDar, Dhamanakar and Salilar) sitting on Her auspicious abode
(MangaLAsanam) of a gigantic lotus flower. She is resplendent with Her divine
beauty and sports with Her Lord in the creation of the Universe and its beings
(Jagath KaaraNi). adiyEn prays to this celebrated Dharma Pathni of the Lord -
sought as refuge by all- to be near me and use adiyEn as the hand ball that She
loves to use in Her sports with Her priya sakhis.
8
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hastinaadaprabodineem! - Nilamangai ThAyAr - Thirukkadal mallai - Thanks: Sri. Senthil
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Mantram - 4
ka< saeiSmta< ihr{yàakaramaÔa¡ JvlNtI— t&Ýa< tpRyNtIm!,
pÒe iSwta< pÒv[a¡ Tvaimhaepþye iïym!.
kaam sosmitaam hiraNyapraakaaraam
aardraam jvalanteem trptaam tarpayanteem |
padme sthitaam padmavarNaam
tvamihopahvaye Sriyam: ||
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MEANING:
She is the embodiment of Bliss. She is the goal for all, who want to climb out of
the ditch of SamsAram. She is the One, who listens to all those appeals with a
smiling face and responds. She resides in the palace with golden ramparts and
has a cool heart full of divine compassion for the suffering jeevans. She fills
the world with radiance through Her JyOthir-maya ThirumEni. She is
immensely pleased even with the slightest amount of Kaimkaryam and grants
huge boons desired by Her devotees ranging from worldly wealth, Kaivalyam and
Moksham. She sits on a lotus, whose petals match Her hue and softness. adiyEn
prays to this most compassionate Sri Devi known for the ease of approach to
Her by the suffering Jeevans. adiyEn prays for Her to be near me.
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Embodiment of Bliss!
SrI RanganAyaki ThAyAr - SriRangam - Thanks: Sri Murali BhaTTar
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Mantram - 5
cNÔa< àÉasa< yzsa JvlNtI— iïy< laeke devjuòamudaram!,
ta< pÒnemI< zr[mh< àp*e=lúmImeR nZyta< Tva< v&[e.
candraam prabhaasaam yaSasaa jvalanteem
Sriyam loke devajushTaamudaaraam: |
taam padmanEmeem SaraNamaham prapadye
alakshmeer me naSyataam tvaam vrNe ||

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MEANING:
Sri Devi is full of Anandam and has the dhivya mangala roopam made up of
Suddha Satthva dhravyam. She has the fame to grant all the four
PurushArthams desired by us. She has the tEjas (lustre) to gladden the hearts
of those who seek Her refuge (AsrithAs) and incinerate those who are virOdhis
to those AsrithAs. She is very dear to MahA VishNu and hears first the cry
for help by the suffering jeevans and makes Her Lord listen to them. She
controls everything thru Her vyApthi (presence) inside them. She burns away
all of our sins and makes Her BhakthAs joyous over the experiencing of Her
KalyANa guNams. She stays as the One who can be easily accessed
(soulabhyam) and feels contrite over not giving even more than what people
desired as boons from Her. She is drawn towards Her devotees by the
placement of the lotus flowers placed at Her sacred feet and has limitless
glories. adiyEn recognizes my helplessness and unfitness in protecting myself
and therefore has placed the entire burden of my protection at Her sacred
feet (tvAm vruNe). May She out of Her infinite compassion drive away all the
obstacles and amangaLams (alakshmi) standing in the way of gaining the desired
PurushArthams! May She chase away all my sins quickly! adiyEn prays to Her as
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my caring Mother to fulfill my desires! "tamm padmanEmeem SaraNamaham
prapadyE, alakshmeer mE naSyatAm" is the prayer of the Jeevan here.
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padmanEmeem SaraNamaham prapadyE!
SrI RanganAyaki ThAyAr - Thanks Sri.Murali BhaTTar
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Lady with the Supreme effulgence !
SrI Amruthavalli ThAyAr - ahObilam
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Mantram - 6
AaidTyv[eR tpsae=ix jatae vnSpitStv v&]ae=w ibLv>,
tSy )lain tpsa nudNtu mayaNtrayaí baýa AlúmI>.
aadityavarNe tapaso adhi jaato
vanaspatistava vrksho atha bilva: |
tasya phalaani tapasaa nudantu
maayaantaraayaaSca baahyaa alakshmee:||
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MEANING:
Oh the Lady with the Supreme effulgence to destroy the external and the
internal darkness! Oh Lady who has the auspicious attributes matching Your
Lord! The noblest among the trees that arose out of Your sankalpam is the
auspicious Bilva tree. May homam with the fruits of the Bilva tree destroy our
nescience and vipareetha Jn~Anam as well as chase away the enemies (sins)
that stand in the way of seeking the refuge of Your Lord. May those
amangalams (alakshmi) be utterly destroyed!
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Friend of the nityasooris!
Tirupathi utsavar in muthangi - thanks: Sri AMR Kannan
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Mantram - 7
%pEtu ma< devso> kIitRí mi[na sh,
àaÊÉURtae=iSm raò+eiSmn! kIitRm&iÏ< ddatu me.
upaitu maam devasakha: keertiSca maNinaa saha |
praadurbhUto asmi raashTresmin keertim rddhim dadaatu mE ||
MEANING:
Oh Lakshmi! Please make it possible for the friend of the eternally liberated
souls (nithya sooris), Your Lord, arrive near adiyEn. adiyEn should be blessed to
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have the aisvaryam of praise worthy fame and gems as well as other forms of
wealth. Since adiyEn has taken birth in the kingdom that is favored by You, You
must bless me with abundant wealth of every kind.
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Sri Devi! Bless us with all auspiciousness! - SrI Alarmelmangai ThAyAr - AshTabhujakaram
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Mantram - 8
]uiTppasamla< JyeóamlúmInaRzyaMyhm!,
AÉUitmsm&iÏ< c svaRn! in[uRd me g&hat!.
kshutpipaasaamalaam jyeshThaam
alakshmeem naaSayaamyaham: |
abhUtim asamrddhim ca
sarvaan nirNuda mE grhaat ||
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MEANING:
Oh SrI Devi! May adiyEn be empowered by You to be free from sufferings

caused by hunger, thirst, desire for sensual pleasures and all other amangaLams
(inauspiciousness) associated with JyEshtai (the one who arose out of the milky
ocean before You)! Oh Lakshmi! Please chase away all enemies that stand in the
way of growth in my prosperity (wealth, grains, servants) from my house! The
prayer here is "abhUthim sarvAm asamrddhim ca mE grhAt nirNuda".
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Mantram - 9
gNxÖara< Êrax;a¡ inTypuòa< krIi;[Im!,
$ñrI— svRÉUtana< taimhaepþye iïym!.
gandhadvaaraam duraadharshaam nityapushTaam kareeshiNeem |
Isvareem sarvabhUtaanaam taamihopahvaye Sriyam: ||
MEANING:
Oh Sri Devi! You are worshipped well with fragrant sandal paste, incense and all
other ParimaLams as poojA dhravyams. You bless your devotees with lasting
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fame. You are easy to approach by those with pure hearts. You are paripoorNa
anugraha dhAyee with never diminishing aisvaryam like a well ploughed, fertile
field. You have the power to complete all the tasks that You undertake without
interruption. You are the Mistress of all the chEtanms and enter into them and
direct them. adiyEn prays to You, SrI Devi of limitless Vaibhavam, to stay near
me to maintain my house filled with Vaidhika and laukika SrI.
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SrI devyai nama:

Sri RanganAyakai - SriRangam - Thanks: Sri.Murali BhaTTar
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Mantram - 10
mns> kammakUit< vac> sTymzImih,
pzUna~ êpmÚSy miy ïI> ïyta< yz>.
manasa: kaamamaakUtim vaaca: satyamaSeemahi |
paSUnaagum rUpamannasya mayi SrI: Srayataam yaSa: ||
MEANING:
Oh SrI Devi! May we be blessed with all the things sought by our mind and
imagination and those requested through our vaak (speech) such as cattle, food
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and drinks through Your anugraham! May Sri Devi of such illustrious Vaibhavam
grant this servant of Hers all these wealth and a high level of fame!
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SrI RanganAyaki!
Thanks: Sri. Murali BhaTTar
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padmamaalineem!
ThirukOshTiyUr
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Mantram - 11
kdRmen àja ÉUta miy s<Év kdRm,
iïy< vasy me k…le matr< pÒmailnIm!.
kardamEna prajaa bhUtaa mayi sambhava kardama |
Sriyam vaasaya mE kulE maataram padmamaalineem: ||
MEANING:
Oh Kardama PrajApati! Is it not so that Mahaa Lakshmi was adopted by you,

who has control over our indhriyams (sensory faculty)? May thou make it
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possible for Your daughter, Mahaa Lakshmi be full of compassion towards this
worshipper of Hers! May the Mother of the Universe, Mahaa Lakshmi adorning
the lotus garland reside permanently in our Kulam and never leave us!
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Mantram - 12
Aap> s&jNtu iõGxain ic¬It vs me g&he,
in c devI— matr< iïy< vasy me k…l.

e
aapa: srjantu snigdhaani cikleeta vasa mE gruhE |
ni ca deveem maataram Sriyam vaasaya mE kulE ||
MEANING:
Oh Cikleetar guarding the inner chambers of the Lord! Ghee, Milk, Honey and
Oil should flow abundantly in adiyEn’s house since the Lord and His divine
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Consort reside here. Oh Cikleeta! You should also reside in adiyEn’s house as its
protector. May Thou protect very well the Mother of the Universe residing at
adiyEn’s house, who creates this universe as a sport and makes Herself available
to all readily!
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Mantram - 13
AaÔa¡ pu:kir[I— puiò< ip¼la< pÒmailnIm!,
cNÔa< ihr{myI— lúmI— jatvedae m Aavh.
ArdrAm pushkariNeem pushTim
pingaLAm padmamAlineem |
candrAm hiraNmayeem lakshmeem
jaatavEdhO ma Avaha ||
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MEANING:
Oh MahA VishNu, the repository of all auspicious guNams like Jn~Anam, balam
et al! Please bless us to have Your divine consort Mahaa Lakshmi near us, who
cools us down from our sufferings by the three kinds of samsAric afflictions
(taapa trayam) with Her merciful glances, who performs ArAdhanam for You
with lotus flowers, who is known for Her abundant wealth of every kind
including gold, who has a golden hue, who wears a lotus garland of exquisite
beauty, who delights every one with her sevai and who is accessible through
dhyAnam (meditation) by every one!
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Oh BhagavAn! Bless us to have the proximity to Your divine Consort - Maha Navami sevai - thirukkacchi
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Mantram - 14
AaÔa¡ y> kir[I— yiò< suv[a¡ hemmailnIm!,
sUya¡ ihr{myI— lúmI— jatvedae m Aavh.
aardraam ya:kariNeem yashTim
suvarNaam hemamaalineem |
sooryaam hiraNmayeem lakshmeem
jaatavEdo ma aavaha ||
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MEANING:
Oh Omniscient BhagavAn! May Thou bless us to have the nearness

(sannidhAnam, Proximity) to Your divine Consort, Mahaa Lakshmi, who is of a
cool and calm disposition, who is devoid of anger, who enchants You to have You
on Her side to pardon the trespasses of the offending chEtanams, who
enhances the dharmic rites like Yaaga-Yaj~nams, who is eulogized by all in a
sampradhAyic way, who adorns a golden garland , who is most beautiful, and
Who enters into all the vasthus (chEtanAchEtanams in this naama roopa
Prapancham) created by You, supports them and controls them! May She with
Your anugraham stay right next to us!
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MahA lakshmi!
MadurAntakam - Thanks : Sri. V.C. GovindarAjan
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Mantram - 15
ta< m Aavh jatvedae lúmImnpgaimnIm!,
ySya< ihr{y< àÉUt< gavae daSyaeñan! ivNdey< pué;anhm!.
taam ma aavaha jaatavedo
lakshmeem anapagaamineem |
yasyaam hiraNyam prabhUtam gaavo
daasyoSvaan vindeyam purushaanaham: ||
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MEANING:
Oh Omnipotent Lord! Please bless us to have this Mahaa Lakshmi of the

greatest Vaibhavam next to us without any interruption! May adiyEn be blessed
to receive from Her abundant wealth of all kinds like Gold, cattle, equine
transport (Vaahanams like horse) and male as well as female servants!
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PadminI! Padma haste!
SriRangam - NavarAtri 9th Day
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Mantram - 16
pÒiàye piÒin pÒhSte pÒalye pÒd¦aytai],
ivñiàye iv:[umnae=nukl
U e TvTpadpÒ< miy siÚxTSv.
padmapriyE padmini padma hastE
padmAlayE padma daLAyatAkshi |
viSvapriyE vishNUmanOnukUlE
tvat paada padmam mayi sannidhatsva ||
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MEANING:
May SrI Devi, who is fond of Lotus flowers, who is the supreme among women,
who holds a lotus in Her hand, Who is seated on a lotus, who has the soft and
beautiful eyes like a lotus petal, who has affection for all of Her children, who
never displeases Her Lord’s ThiruvuLLam (mind) place Her sacred feet on the
top of my head!
33
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Bless us with Nithya Kaimkaryam at Your Supreme abode!
Sri Yadugiri NAcchiyAr - Melkote - thanks : Sri. Diwakar Kannan
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Mantram - 17
iïyE jat iïy AainyaRy iïy< vyae jint&_yae dxatu,
iïy< vsana Am&tTvmayn! ÉjiNt s*Ssimxaimt*Un! (sTya sivta n&t*Un!).
Sriyai jaata Sriya aaniryaaya
Sriyam vayo janitrbhyo dadhaatu |
Sriyam vasaanaa amrtatvamaayan
bhajanti sadya: samitaa mitadyUn (satyA savitA nrtadyUn) ||
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MEANING:
adiyEn has been created to enjoy the wealth of service to Your Lord
(Bhagavath Kaimkarya sampath). Oh SrI Devi! May Thou bless adiyEn with my
true svaroopam that is hidden by the insentient part, which in turn will enable
me to practice the means for Moksham (Sva nija Sesha roopa AvirbhAva hEtu)!
May adiyEn be blessed with lasting wealth and extended life to practice the
MokshOpAyams successfully with Svroopa Jn~Anam. Oh SrI Devi! Those of us,
who live every moment with thoughts (chinthanai) about You will reach the
immortal state. At the end of our bodily existence, we will attain Sri Vaikuntam
and would be rid of hunger, thirst, sins, aging, death and sorrow, an unique state
shared with the Supreme Brahman, Your Lord (Parama Pada naathan). We would
be blessed to gain whatever we desire and are not stopped by anyone to engage
in nithya Kaimkaryam to You both and enjoy ParipoorNa BrahmAnandham at
Your Supreme abode.
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Mantram - 18
iïy @vEn< tiCÀyamadxait,
sNttm&ca v;q! k«Ty< s<xÄ< sNxIyte àjya pzuiÉ>,
y @v< ved.
Sriya yEvainam tat SriyAmAdadhAti |
santatam rcaa vashaT krtyam sandhattam
sandheeyate prajayaa paSubhi: |

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ya yEvam veda ||
PerumAl with NacchimArs
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MEANING:
Those who perform upAsanA (meditation) with these Rg Veda Khila Mantrams
will enchant always the inseparable divine couple of Parama Padam (dhivya
Mithunam) and would be blessed with children, grandchildren, cows, horses and
undiminishing wealth and enjoy their lives here.
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37
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LakshmIm SaraNamaham prapadye - Thanks:Sri.Murali BhaTTar
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Mantram - 19
Aaae< mhadeVyE c ivÒhe iv:[upÆI c xImih,
tÚae lúmI> àcaedyat!.
. hir> Aaae<.
Om mahaadevyai ca vidmahe vishNupatnii ca dheemahi |
tanno lakshmee: pracodayaat: ||
|| hari: Om ||
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MEANING:
May we be blessed to perform the upAsana to gain the anugraham of Periya

PirAtti (Sri Devi)! May we meditate on the dharma Pathni of the Lord without
let! For success in our Saadhanaa, we pray to Her. She is the dharma Pathni of
the Lord assisting Him in the Yaagam of granting the four kinds of
PurushArthams as the Caturvida PurushArtha Yaaga Dheekshitan’s dhivya
Mahishi. May She fulfill our prayers by motivating us to meditate on Her!
Om Saanti: Saanti: Saanti:
39
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SrI RanganAyaki during Adi Perukku
Thanks:Sri. Murali BhaTTar
40
41
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Nilamangai ThAyAr in Saraswathi ThirukOlam
Thanks:Sri.B.Senthil
42
ïI>
THE ECHOS OF SRI SOOKTAM IN PURANAMS AND STOTRAMS
Abundant examples of the ways in which the SrI Sooktam has influenced the
Stutis in PurANams and AchArya SrI Sooktis can be studied to advantage.
Here is a list of selected examples echoing the SrI sookthi and other Vedic
mantrams:
• Sriyam dEveem upahvayE SrIrmA dEvee jushatAt,
• tvAm ihopavhyatE Sriyam,
• Sriyam lOkE dEvajushTAm udArAm,
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• mayi SrI: SrayatAm,
• Sriyam vAsaya mE kulE,
• Sriyai jaata:,
• SriyamAdadhAti,
• SriyO vaa yEdha roopam yanmudrA
These have been selected by U.Ve Sri ChEtlUr SrivathsAngAcchAr Swamy in

his short monograph on CatusslOki.
She is saluted as Bhagavthi since She possesses all the six KalyANa guNams
(Jn~Anam, Balam, aiswaryam, Veeryam, Sakthi and tEjas) that are behind the
name of the Lord as BhagavAn. She like BhagavAn has no inauspicious guNams
(blemishless). Her anantha kalyANa guNams are limitless and are beyond the
capability of even the Chathurmukha BrahmA to describe during the many
yugams that He is blessed to live. If it were so for Brahma Devan, You can
imagine our totally helpless state declares Swamy AlavanthAr:
43
ïIirTyev c nam te Égvit äUm> kw< Tva< vym!
SrIrityEva nAma tE bhagavti! brUma: katham tvAm vayam?
--in the first slOkam of CatusslOki.
Here are some VishNU PurANa slOkams housing the stuti of Indhran:
dara> puÇaStwa=garsuùÏaNyxnaidkm!,
ÉvTyetNmhaÉage inTy< TvÖI][aÚ&[am!.
dArA: putrA: tathAgAra-suhrud-dhAnya-dhanAdikam |

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bhavatyEtat mahAbhAgE! nityam tvad-yeekshaNaat nruNAm
--- VishNu PurANam: I.9.124
MEANING:
Good wife, children, house and property, friends, grains, and all kinds of wealth
are derived from by the human beings by the KaTAksha anugraham of SrI Devi.
zrIraraeGymEñyRmirp]]y> suom!,
deiv TvÎ&iò†òana< pué;a[a< n ÊlRÉ!.
SareerArOgyam aisvaryam aripakshakshaya: sukham |
devi! tvaddrushTidrshTAnAm purushANAm na durlabham ||
--SrI VishNu PurANam: I.9.125
44
MEANING:
A body free of diseases, mighty wealth, freedom from enemies, all pleasures
and every thing else is possible to attain by those on whom the nectarine
glances of Sri Devi fall.
Tvya deiv pirTy´< skl< ÉuvnÇym!,
ivnòàayÉmvÅvyedanI< smeixtm!.
tvayA devi! parityaktam sakalam bhuvana trayam |
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vinashTaprAyam abhavat tvayEdAneem samEdhitam ||
MEANING:
This world in a state of decay and impoverishment has now regained its
prosperity and well being now that SrI Devi’s KaTAksham has fallen on it.
ma n> kaez< twa gaeó< ma g&h< ma pirCDdm!,
ma zrIr< k¦Ç< c Tyjewa> svRpavin.
ma puÇaNma suùÖgaRn! ma pzUNma ivÉU;[am!,
tyjewa mm devSy iv:[aevR]Swlalye.
45
maa na: kOSam tathA gOshTham maa gruham maa paricchadam |
maa Sareeram kaLatram ca tyajEthA: sarvapAvani ||
maa putrAn maa suhrud-vargAn maa paSUn maa vibhUshaNam |
tyajEthA mama dEvasya vishNO: vakshasthalAlayE ||
--- Sri VishNu PurANam : I.9.127, 128
MEANING:
Oh Sri Devi having the sacred chest of Your Lord as Your abode and purifying
every one and every thing with Your sambhandham! Thou must through Your
auspicious glances grow our treasury, gO SaalAs, house, fields and enrich our
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other aiswaryams like adiyEn’s body (free from disease), wife, children and the
assembly of friends.
sÅyen zaEc sTya_ya< twa zIlaidiÉguR[E>,
TyJyNte te nra> s*> sNTyá ye Tvya=mle.
satyEna Souca-satyAbhyAm tathA SeelAdibhirguNai: |
tyajyantE tE narA: sadya: santyaktA yE tvayAmalE ||
--- SrI VishNu OurANam: I.9.129
MEANING:
For those bereft of SrI Devi’s auspicious glances, Truth, Cleanliness in Speech
and mind, adherence to the imperishable, good conduct will abandon them.
46
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Vanjulavalli ThAyAr! (Thanks: Sri.B.Senthil)
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Tvya Avlaeikta> s*> zIla*E> sklEguR[E>,
k…lEñyERí yuJyNte pué;a ingRu[a Aip.
tvayA avalOkitA: sadya: SeelAdyai: sakalairguNai: |
kulaiaiSvaryaiSca yujyantE purushA nirguNA api ||
MEANING:
Oh Blemishless SrI Devi! Even with an iota of Your glances falling on a

chEtanam He or she will be endowed with auspicious conduct and great wealth.
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He is endowed with PuNyams. He is born in Sath Kulam. He becomes a great

scholar. He becomes valorous.
The Aavahantee mantram of TaitthireeyOpanishad used by us during the

adorning of our vasthrams daily echo the same prayers and recognize Her as
sarva soubhAgyadhAyee:
AavhNtI ivtNvana, k……vaR[a cIr-maTmn>, vasag<!is mm gaví,
AÚpane c svRda, ttae me iïy-mavh,
Avahantee vitanvAnA | kurvaaNaa ceeram Atmana: |
vaasAgum si mama gAvaSca| annapAnE ca sarvadA |
tatO mE Sriyam Avaha |
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MEANING:
SrI Devi! May Thou bless adiyEn with Athma guNams similar to the vasthrams
for the body, cows, vidhyAs, resplendent state, auspicious speech, fields,
suddha manas, indhriyams under control, drinking water and grow them further
and further!
Lakshmi Tantram extols the doctrine of Yeka Seshithvam of Lakshmi and Her
Lord NaarAyaNan to help us seek Them together as upAyam and upEyam:
"lúmInaray[akar ÉiviÇ te mnSiSwit> lakshmI-naarAyaNaakArA bhavitri tE
manssthiti:".
Swamy Desikan celebrated this doctrine as "dvandvam anyOnya lakshyam".

Swamy AlavanthAr points out the tight embrace of the divine couple taking the
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various roopams during the vibhava avathArams matching each other in exactly
complimentary forms: "anuroopa roopa vibahvai: gaaDhOpagUDHAni tE".
In Her own words, SrI Devi refers to this anyOnya tatthvam between Herself
and Her Lord this way:
ANyaeNyen AivnaÉavat! ANyaeNyen smNvyat!
tadaTMy< iviÏ s<bNx< mm nawSy caeÉyae>
anyOnyEna avinAbhAvAt anyOnyEna samanvayAt
tAdAtmyam viddhi sambandam mama naathasya cObhayO:
MEANING:
Each of us does not exist without the other. We are united always and are
never separated from one another. Oh Rishi! You should comprehend this
tAdAtmyam (Unified state of presence) between Myself and My Lord.
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SrIVilliputtUr SrI AnDAL - MUkkuthi SEvai
Thanks: Sri. B. Senthil
50
The entire SrI Sthuthi of Swami Desikan (First e-book of Sundarasimham
series, http://www.sadagopan.org) celebrates Her Vaibhavam.
The other source books in our Sundarasimham and Ahobilavalli series saluting
the glories of SrI Devi and Her unique Tatthvam are:
1. Sri Sthavam by Kuresar: Fifty Third e-book in the Sundrasimham series
2. Swamy ParAsara Battar's SrI Gunaratna Kosam: 38th e-book in the above
series
3. SrI Lakshmi Sahasram Naama Vaibhavam by ArasANippAlai Sri

VenkatAdhvari: 100th e-book in the above,
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4. Sri Lakshmi naarAyaNa hrudhayam: 43rd Book in the Ahobilavalli series
( http://www.sadagopan.org )
adiyEn concludes this book with the first slOkam of Citra-Caritra stabakam of
Sri VenkatAdhvari Kavi:
pivÇ< pÒnaÉSy k¦Ç< tt! punatu n>,
ivicÇ< iÇ;u laeke;u cirÇ< ySy gIyte.
pavitram padmanAbhasya kaLatram tat punAtu na: |
vicitram trishu lOkEshu caritram yasya geeyatE ||
|| SrI DEvyai namO nama : ||
Daasan,
Oppiliappan Koil V.SaThakopan
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SrI RanganAyaki oonjal sevai
Thanks: Sri.Murali BhaTTar
52
Sincere Thanks To:
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2. Nedumtheru SrI Mukund Srinivasan, SrI L Sridhar and www.oppiliappan.org

for providing images
3. Smt Jayashree Muralidharan for eBook assembly and Cover Design

CONTENTS
Introduction 1
Nigamanam 22
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. ïI>.
ÉUsU´m!
bhUsUktam

INTRODUCTION BY SRI V. SADAGOPAN
BhU sUktam is one of the panca sUktams that is recited by us during

Tirumanjanams for SrIman nArAyaNan and other auspicious occasions. This
sUktam is an eulogy to the infinite kalyANa guNams and nAmAs of BhUmi devi,
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the KshamA (Forbearance) amSam of SrI devi. She is very dear to Her Lord
and He displays His love for Her by carrying Her on His thousand heads in His
AdiSesha rUpam, while He carries SrI devi only on His chest. That is the mode
of expression of His affection (premai) for BhU devi. He took the VarAha
avatAram to rescue Her from under the oceans, where She was held by an
asuran. He destroyed the asuran and lifted His devi out of the ocean on His
shoulder gently and placed Her on His left side forever as one of the ubhaya
nAcchimAr. He adorned the name of BhU VarAhan to match that name with
that of SrIdharan (VakshaH sthala lakshmIdharan).
Our Lord's VarAha avatAram invokes the gigantic Lord taking the shape of a
boar, diving into the vast ocean, killing the asuran HiraNyAkshan, who stole
BhUmi devi and bringing Her back on His tusk (VishNu purANam 1.4.45-50,
taittirIya samhitA:7.1.5 and taittirIya brahmaNa: 1.1.3.6. The taittirIya
AraNyaka says that BhUmi devi was lifted from under the ocean by a black
boar with hundred arms (krshNena Sata bAhunA). Satapata brAhmaNa also
salutes this BhU VarAha avatAram (14.1.2.11). This avatAram of the Lord is
thus Veda prasiddham.
The compassionate BhUmi PirATTi had a great concern on behalf of us and
1
begged Her Lord VarAha PerumAn to reveal a laghu upAyam (easy to practice
means) for uplifting Their children suffering in samsAram. Her Lord responded
with alacrity and used His devi as an excuse (vyAjam) to bless the baddha
jIvans with two auspicious Slokams known as VarAha carama Slokams. The
meanings and commentaries on these two Slokams are assembled as the 37th
eBook in ahobilavalli series and 80th e-book in Srihayagrivan series
Swami Desikan also composed a stuti with 33 Slokams to celebrate the

vaibhavam of BhUmi PirATTi and named it as BhU stuti. (This stuti has been
released as eBook # 2 in Sundarasimham series). This stuti has many echoes
of BhU sUktam. In one of the Slokams of BhU stuti, Swami Desikan states that
the living beings of this world are the object of mercy (anukampA) of BhUmi
devi and get nourished through Her blessings. Swamy Desikan also points out
that it is not only the cetanams that get nourished by Her compassion but Her
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Lord SrIman nArAyaNan also gets nourished by association with her (mAdhavi!
tvat sangamAt haricandana: bhavati labdha posha:) and states that Her
energized Lord goes about performing the many duties praised by the hundreds
of branches of the Vedic tree. Our Lord indeed gets His nourishment to
perform His duties such as jagat srshTi and rakshaNam. Swamy Desikan also
says that among the five elements (PrthvI, water, Agni, Vaayu and ether), only
PrthvI, the amSam of BhU devi has the five qualities such as taste, fragrance,
shape, touch and sound (rUpa, rasa, gandha, Sabdam and sparSam). The rest of
the four panca bhUtams have at best one or two of the five attributes only; as
a result, BhUmi devi is the embodiment of mighty riches (Vasumati,
VasundharA). Swamy Desikan reminds us that BhUmi devi has many other names
by which her ananta kalyANa guNams are celebrated (anyAni ca nAmAni anya
vimukhAni abidhAna vrttyA tava anubhAvam kathayanti). Some of these names
besides PrthvI, Vasumati, KshamA and ViSvambarA are: sarvam sahA, avani,
acalA, vipulA, anantA and daridhrI.
Swamy Desikan instructs us that She is the first among the VyAhrtis following
PraNavam (akAra vAcyan, BhagavAn) that is recited before performing
2
GaayatrI mantra japam. nigamAnta mahA Desikan describes BhUmi PirATTi as
the shore for the ocean of BhagavAn (vishNu jaladhe: velA iva) and that She is
the ultimate limit for the rows of Bhagavat tattvams (tattva taranga pankte:
viSrAnti bhUmi: asi).
She has the vAllabhyam over Her Lord and through that vaSIkaraNa Sakti
makes it easy for the sinners to approach Her Lord without fear. Exercising
Her PurushakAram (interceding on behalf of Her children), She becomes the
ladder (svargApavarga saraNi) as it were for ascent to svargam and moksham
by baddha jIvans.
She is seen and enjoyed by the yogis through their eyes of samAdhi (munibhi:
samAdhi nayanena paSyanti). She showers the wealth equivalent to Kuberan for
those who seek such wealth (tvAm sabhUtim samcintayan dhanadAdhikAran
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labhate). Of all the anugrahams that BhUmi PirATTi can confer, nothing can
excel the one in which She stays as the upAyam (means) for accessing Her Lord
and interceding with Him to bless the jIvans (kshame! nitya aparAdha nivahAt
cakitasysa janto: mukunda caraNau gantum tvam SaraNam). She is the
embodiment of blemishless compassion (anagha anukampA) and takes a vow on
Her own to protect the suffering jIvans (tanu bhrtAm rakshA vidhau mahatIm
apekshAm svayam vitanushe). Swamy Desikan concludes the BhU stuti with a
moving appeal for Her to place him at the sacred feet of the Lord (sarvam sahe!
vaitAna sUkara pate: caraNa aravinde samarpayitum tvam kshamA nanu).
In the BhU stuti, Swamy Desikan pays tribute to BhUmi PirATTi’s KshamA
guNam (forbearance) and easy approachability and infinite compassion (sulabha
anukampA) and staying as the wish granting Kaamadhenu to those who have no
recourses and resources (akincana kAmadhenU). Swamy Desikan performs his
SaraNAgati at Her sacred feet as one who has no other means (varAha
mahishIm viSvasya mAtaram viSvambarAm aSaraNa: SaraNam prapadye).
Swamy Desikan compares Her to the divine wish granting celestial kalpaka
creeper (sankalpa kalpa latikA) and recognizes Her as the ultimate boundary of
all tattvams (tattva taranga pankte: viSrAnti bhumi: asi). The Kavi simham
3
states that BhUmi PirATTi is beyond the words of praise (vAcAm abhUmi) and
yet She is easy to approach (bhUmi: asi) by the devotees, who seek Her
protection. She has immense power over Her dear Lord and intercedes
successfully on behalf of Her children suffering from the ills of tApa trayam.
dAsan,

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4
5
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bhUmi devi tAyAr with SrI Oppiliappan in sesha vAhanam - tiruviNNagaram

(Thanks: www.oppiliappan.org)
6
. ïI>.
ÉUsU´m!
bhUsUktam

. hir> Aaem!.
ÉUimÉURça *aEvRir[a=Ntir]< mihTva,
%pSwe te deVyidte=i¶mÚadmÚa*ayadxe.
|| hari: om ||
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bhUmirbhUmnA dyaur-variNA antariksham mahitvA |
upasthe te devyadite agnim annAdam annAdyAyAdadhe || 1 ||
Meaning:
Oh BhUmi PirATTi! You are called BhUmi because you are rich in all kinds of
wealth. You are vast in Your breadth and length, lofty through Your vaibhavam
and are resplendent and glorious in the milky way as well in all the space that is
desired by all! Oh Devi, whose source (mother) is 'aditi' implying a good force
as opposed to the evil force as You are ever ready to help us by being nearby,
because of your unlimited compassion (nirhetuka-dayA) and your ever-forgiving
attitude (aj~nAta-nigraha). Oh Devi who cannot be split by anyone! In the
middle of You between the sky and the earth, I invoke you through AdhAna
agni, who can consume the offered havis.
Comments:
Oh BhUmi devi! You are immeasurable in Your dimensions. It is not possible to

assess Your expanse. You shine forth in a manner that is respected by every
7
one. Your qualities of compassion and forbearance elevate You to dizzying
heights. You cannot be divided into finite pieces by anyone. We offer the Agni
that is capable of consuming the Havis for You producing the food that
nourishes us.
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SrI bhUmi devi is lofty through Her vaibhavam

SrI BhUmi devi tAyAr with SrI Oppiliappan - tiruviNNagaram
Aa=y< gaE> p&iîr³mIdsnNmatr< pun>,
iptr< c àyn! suuv>. 2.
Ayam gau: prSnirakramIdasanan mAtaram puna: |
pitaram ca prayan suva: || 2||
Meaning:
With His rays, the radiant Sun comes to our side like the food giving protective
8
Mother and blesses us with the fields rich in crops and ascends to the sky and
blesses us from there with the rain like the Father who nourishes us.
Comments:
In the 12th Slokam of BhU stuti, Swamy Desikan refers to the dhana dhAnya
samrddhi attained by the jantus, which become the objects of affection of
BhUmi PirATTi (bhUteshu yat tvat abhimAna viSesha pAtram, tat eva posham
bhajati). The three rainfalls in a month, the abundance of foods from crops are
made possible from the performance of various soma yAgams by learned
srautis. One such soma yAgam among the seven is athirAthram, which is a
twelve day long yAgam done for loka kshemam. Such a yAgam is taking place
from April 4-15, this year (2011) at Panjal, a Vaishika village near Trisoor,
Kerala, India.. The last time the athirAthra yAgam was performed at Panjal was
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thirty five years ago. Please enjoy reading about the details of the preparation
for this rare yAgam and the meticulous planning to perform it in the
sampradhAyic way at http://wn.com/athirathram2011 (Item 3 to 5 are in
English).
iÇ‡zÏam ivrajit vak! pt¼ay iziïye,
àTySy vh *uiÉ>.
trigum SaddhAma virAjati vAk patangAya SiSriye |
pratyasya vaha dyubhi: || 3 ||
Meaning:
With the movement (sancAram) of the sUryan, the world shines with light for
thirty nAzhikais (12 hours). May my speech in the form of eulogy reach Him as
He moves rapidly in the sky! Oh Lord Preceptor sUrya! May Thou chase away my
aparAdhAms and blemishes with the lustre of Your rays! May You be cool to me
and favour me with health for eloquence in speech and May Thou accept the
havis offered by me through Your jvAlais!
9
Comments:
The upcoming fifth mantram will refer to the close relationship between Agni
and sUryan and the links of the sAdhaka to both. One of the Rg veda mantrams
captures these links between the three (Rk I.1.7):
upa tvAgne dive dive doshAvastardhiyA vayam; namo bharanta emasi
Sage Aurobindo provides the meaning for the above Rk:
“To Thee day by day, O Agni, in night and light, we by the thought come bearing
our submissions (offerings)”.
During the day (light), it is the Sun, who transfers His radiance to Agni during
the night.
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ASy àa[adpanTyNtírit raecna,
VyOyn! mih;> suv>.
asya prANAt apAnatyanta: carati rocanA |
vyakhyan mahisha: suva: || 4 ||
Meaning:
His (sUryan’s) lustre spreads from morning to evening, in between the earth and
the sky and moves inside and out through the vital airs and invigorates as a life-
giver by ( Bhumi) Devi's grace. He reveals the great world of svargam for those
dear to Him.
Comments:
The world perceptible to human kind is dividable into three spheres:- Earth,
space and sky.
A form of Fire (agni) is recognized in each of the spheres. His names are Agni
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in this world, Vaayu in the intermediary space/world and sUryan in the sky/
AkASam. When contemplated together, one universal fire principle emerges as
PrajApati (the Lord of Progeny). Agni, Vaayu and sUrya come from this totality,
PrajApati. The chAndogya mantrams (4.17.1-3) attest to the origin of the three
(Agni, Vaayu and sUryan): “The Lord of progeny, for the sake of the world,
entered into meditation (dhyAna). From the heat (born of His thought) the
essence of the three worlds/spheres sprang forth. From Earth came Fire, from
space, wind and from the sky came the Sun”. The above BhU sUkta mantram
refers to this relationships among the three spheres and the Lord of Progeny,
the Lord of all.
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SrI BhUmi devi tAyAr and SrI Oppiliappan in sUrya prabhai

Thanks: www.oppiliappan.org
yÅva ³…Ï> prae vpmNyuna ydvTyaR,
sukLpm¶e tÄv punSTvaeÎIpyamis.
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yattvA kruddha: paro vapa manyunA yadavartyA |
sukalpamagne tat tava punastvoddIpayAmasi || 5 ||
Meaning:
Oh sUrya! Out of the extreme anger (fury) born out of my enmity/poverty, I

might have slipped in my ArAdhanam for You. Oh fire god! By your
industriousness/entrepreneurship, You sow the seed and pour water for the
Earth to grow! (agnerApa: adbhya: prthivI - taittirIyopanishad). From now, I
vow to eulogize You in a way that will please You. Please accept our worship as
well done, accept it and please be more effulgent again! (according to
scriptures, the sun's brilliance is transferred to the fire from the evening
twilight to the morning twilight-hence the sun is fire! Supporting kAlidAsa's
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words in the first verse of the fourth canto of raghuvamSa - dinAnte nihitam
teja: savitrA hutASana:)
Comments:
The usage of the powerful word “manyu” in this mantram reminds us of the
upAkarmA, where we do the “kAmokArshIt manyorakArshIt” mantra japam to
seek pardon for our many trespasses.
yÄe mNyupraeÝSy p&iwvImnu dXvse,
AaidTya ivñe tÎeva> vsví smaÉrn!.
yat te manyuparoptasya prthivImanu dadhvase |
AdityA viSve taddevA: vasavaSca samAbharan || 6 ||
Meaning:
Because of your anger from which emanated the earth and grew, May you
sustain it! May the vasus, rudrAs, AdityAs and ViSvadevAs come together and
take the collective responsibility to return to me my bhagavat bhakti that I
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threw away on ground because of my anger!
Comments:
After paying tribute to the power of sankalpa Sakti of the Lord to create and
next protect what was created, the sAdhakan begs for the restoration of
bhagavat bhakti, which he discarded in anger. He repents now and seeks the
help of the ashTa vasus, ekAdaSa rudrAs, the twelve AdityAs and the universal
gods (viSva devA-s) for the restoration of that lost bhakti.
meidnI devI vsuNxra SyaÖsuxa devI vasvI,
äüvcRs> ipt&[a< ïaeÇ< c]umRn>.
medinI devI vasundharA syAd vasudhA devI vAsavI |
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brahmavarcasa: pitrNAm Srotram cakshurmana: || 7 ||
Meaning:
She might be addressed by Her many names: medinI, devI, VasundharA,

VasudhA, VaasavI (as indrA as a representative, activates) but She is for sure
with Brahma varcas (spiritual splendour) and is the ear, eye and the mind of the
pitrs (manes).
Comments:
Swamy Desikan's BhU stuti Slokams provide the meanings for the many names
of BhU devi and salutes the doctrines linked to BhU devi as the divine consort
of the Lord (the second e-book in the Sundarasimham series, http://
www.sadagopan.org).
devI ihr{ygiÉR[I devI àsUvrI,
devI hiraNya-garbhiNI devI prasUvarI | 8
13
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VasundharA with brahma varcas! - SrI ANDAL
14
Meaning:
The goddess of Earth (Mother Earth) is pregnant (En-ceinte) with the whole
universal gold egg, as the best creator and the best sustainer.
Comments:
The definition for the nAmA, “bhUmi” in taittirIya brAhmaNa is: “That, which
became”. She is the creator of all the wealth (vasu-s) for the created beings as
Vasumati and She is the sustainer of them too.
rsne sTyayne sId, smuÔvtI saivÇI h nae devI mý¼I,
rasane satyAyane sIda |
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samudravatI sAvitrI ha no devI mahyangI | 9
Meaning:
May you reach and reside in my tongue to make it truthful! You (She as the
Mother Earth) comprise of all the seas and hence You are called 'samudravatI',
and You are named 'sAvitrI' since You are associated with the Sun by Your
wonderful brightness. You are our presiding deity benevolent, self-luminous and
a benign care-taker, day and night.
Comments:
This is a moving tribute to BhUmi devi by the mantra-drashTA. BhUmi devi with
the oceans as Her garland (samudravatI) and as one of the three vedic hymns
to the Sun as sAvitrI is saluted here.
mhae xr[I mhae=Xyixóa> ï&¼e ï&¼e y}e y}e ivÉIi;[I,
maho dharaNI mahodhyadhishThA:
Srnge Srnge yaj~ne yaj~ne vibhIshiNI l 10
15
Meaning:
You are the great Mother Earth (who bears everything without a grudge or
murmur!) established on a firm-footing (on His side in standing posture - ninRa
tirukkOlam - and on the horn of the great boar, varAha) on the top of every
creation and fearlessly in every sacrifice (as also like yaj~no vai vishNu:) thus
assuring the prapannAs complete protection from morbid and mundane fears
and never threatening the devotees like a tIkshNa-daNDa-dhara: (a tyrant/
dictator).
Comments:
BhUmi devi is the saha dharma cAriNi of yaj~na VarAhan. All the vessels used
in the Yaj~nams are found in the different limbs of this Yaj~na VarAha mUrti.
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As the consort of the Yaj~na VarAhar and as One who was rescued from the
prison of HiraNyAkshan by Her Lord, BhUmi devi has limitless bhakti for Her
Prabhu. She worships Her Lord at the uttara Kuru varsham with His mantram
and stotram (SrImad bhAgavatam: 5.18.33 and 5.18.39). Her namaskaraNams
are described by SrI NaarAyaNa BhaTTadiri in SrI nArAyaNIyam:
kincottareshu kurushu priyayA dharaNyA,
samsevito mahita mantranuti prabhedai: --- daSakam 21.7
Here, BhaTTadiri refers to Yaj~na VarAha mUrti being worshipped by His dear
consort BhUmi devi with powerful and glorious mantrams and stotrams (mahita
mantra nuti prabhedai:). BhUmi devi salutes Her Lord as omkAra rUpi, as One
understood through Veda Mantrams, as One whose svarUpam is defined by
Yaj~nam and kratu, as One whose limbs house big yaj~nams, as One who is
Karma Suddhar and as One of the form of the three yugams.
Wherever there is a Yaj~nam, Yaj~na VarAhan is present as the Yaj~na pati

with His patni, BhUmi devi. He performs the Yaj~nam as yajvA for those who
are unable to conduct that Yaj~nam. He also acts as Yaj~nAngan and helps
16
others to perform the Yaj~nam by investing them with necessary power,
sraddhA and Yaj~nopakaraNams and He becomes this way the Yaj~na vAhanan.
With all these help assisted at the same time by His dharma patni, He brings
the Yaj~nams to completion as yaj~na bhrt. It is all understandable that He
plays all these roles because He first created the Yaj~nam as yajn~a krt for
the well being of the universe and performed it with SrI and BhUmi devi on His
side as described in Purusha sUktam. The importance of Yaj~nams and His
devi's role is saluted by this mantram. (Refer also to the nAmAs in SrI VishNu
Sahasra nAmam as eBooks # 29 to # 33 at www.sadagopan.org)
#NÔpÆI VyaipnI sursiridh
vayumtI jlzynI iïyNxa,
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raja sTyNxae pirmeidnI ñae pirxÄ< gay,
indrapatnI vyApinI surasaridiha
vAyumatI jalaSayanI SriyandhA |
rAjA satyandho parimedinI Svo paridhattam gAya | 11
Meaning:
She is the consort of the leader (indra), pervading everywhere (omnipresent)

and the divine river (mandAkinI/gangA) here on the earth, thus purifying the
errant/erring souls. She is full of movement like air, brisk and breath of
everyone to be alive. she reclines on the water (payodhi), holds the riches in
abundance associated with the goddess of fortune. You are truly alive, on the
top of the earth all around.
Comments:
Here is another mantram full of poetic splendor as conceived by the Mantra-

drashTA.
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upendran is a name for VishNu. indirA therefore is the name of MahA LakshmI
(indra patnI). Like Her Lord, She has vyApti, the pervasive presence
everywhere (vyApini). He is saluted as “antar bahiSca tat sarvam vyApya
nArayaNa: sthita:”. She is pure and precious like the celestial rivers
(surasaridha) and destroys the sins of errant souls. She is dynamic in movement
like the fast flowing winds (vAyumatI) in the antariksham. Her Lord is jala
Sayanan and She is therefore jala Sayani and seeks the ocean as Her abode
(jala sayanI). As a glorious consort of sarva VyApi, BhU devi shares the
abundance of wealth along with SrI devi, the other consort of SrIman
nArAyaNa.
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‘mahIm devIm!’
SrI bhUmi devi tAyAr and SrI Oppiliappan - tiiruviNNagaram
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iv:[upÆI— mhI— devI— maxvI— maxviàyam!,
lúmIiàysoI— devI— nmaMyCyutv‘Éam!,
vishNu patnIm mahIm devIm mAdhavIm mAdhavapriyAm |
lakshmI priyasakhIm devIm namAmyacyuta-vallabhAm l 12
Meaning:
We salute BhUmi PirATTi (mahIm devIm), the consort of VishNu; we salute

that mAdhavI, who is dear to Maadhavan (Her Lord ) and who is the dearest
friend of LakshmI devi. Our salutations are to BhUmi PirATTi, who has
vAllabhyam (vaSIkaraNam) over Her Lord, acyutan.
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Aae< xnuxRrayE ivÒhe svRisÏ(E c xImih,
tÚae xra àcaedyat!.
om dhanurdharAyai vidmahe sarvasiddhyai ca dhImahi |
tanno dharA pracodayAt || 13 ||
Meaning:
We worship Her by knowing Her as One who (wields the bow and looks also like
a bow, lean in the middle) is adorning the bow. For that purpose we meditate
upon the One who blesses us with all success (sarva siddhi). May that dharaNi
dharA/BhUmi devI, prompt us for that meditation! (We worship Her for the
sake of worship - sAttvIka tyAga)
ï&{viNt ïae[amm&tSy gaepam!, pu{yamSya %pï&[aeim vacm!,
SrNvantI SroNAmamrtasya gopAm l
puNyAmasyA upaSruNomi vAcam | 14
19
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As a mother SHE carefully listens to all our pleas!

SrI bhUmi devi tAyAr - tiruviNNagaram
20
Meaning:
As a Mother, she carefully listens to all our appeals for ever and she is the
hidden and holy river of nectar; and as a bhaktA, aDiyEn never misses hearing
Her words of solace and being comforted by being near Her.
mhI— devI— iv:[upÆImjUyaRm!,
àtIcImena‡hiv;a yjam>,
Çexa iv:[uéégayae ivc³me,
mhI— idv< p&iwvImNtir]m!.
mahIm devIm vishNu-patnImajUryAm |
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pratIcImenAgum havisha yajAma: |
tredhA vishNururugAyo vicakrame |
mahIm divam prthivImantariksham | 15
Meaning:
Let us all pray to this Goddess of Earth, the consort of Lord VishNu especially
in sacrifices (yaj~na) by offering the oblations of food (havis) which will in turn,
come back to us as Her grants. Lord VishNu with the gigantic stature (by
incarnating as trivikrama) treaded the three steps (the great strides) and
measured the fourteen worlds inclusive of the Earth (mahIm prthivIm) and the
sky (divam and antariksham).
tCÀae[Eit ïv #CDmana,
pu{y‡ ðaek< yjmanay k«{vtI.
. hir> Aaem!.
21
tacchroNaiti Srava icchamAnA |
puNyagum Slokam yajamAnAya krNvatI || 16 ||
|| hari: om ||
Meaning:
The Goddess of Earth thus is paying utmost attention faithfully to the

devotees' prayers with a great care and involved interest sans pains and
transfers the holy eulogies to make the Lord, our Master hear and bless us
(plays the role of purushakAratvam)
nigamanam
In all the above bhUsUkta mantrAs, the underlying current is that Goddess
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Mother Earth is in tune with every aspect of Lord SrIman nArAyaNa and
worshipping Her amounts to (is as good as) worshipping Him directly! Let us
pray to Goddess kshamA (with Her attitude of patience/forbearance with us).
hari: om!
SrI bhUmi devi sameta SrI SrInivAsa parabrahmaNe nama:
22
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SrI bhU varAha perumAL - Kalahalli, Karnataka (Thanks: SrI L Sridhar)
23

SrI RanganAthar’s VimAna PaThakkam
www.sadagopan.org
Sincere Thanks To:
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2. Nedumtheru SrI Mukund Srinivasan, SrI Shreekrishna Akilesh,

www.desikan.com, www.exoticindiaart.com, SrI B Senthil Kumar and SrI
L Sridhar for the images.
3. Smt Jayashree Muralidharan for eBook assembly and Cover design

CONTENTS
Introduction 1
Nigamanam 21
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Para vAsudevan with SrI, BhU and nILA devi

Thanks: Nedumteru SrI Mukund Srinivasan
. ïI>.
nI¦asU´m!
nILA sUktam

INTRODUCTION
This sUktam is an ancient Veda bhAgam that prays for the anugraham of One
of the three devis of SrIman nArAyaNan. SrI devi, BhU devi and nILA devi are
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the three devis who stay on both the sides of the Lord in Paramapadam. On the
right side stays SrI Devi celebrated by SrI sUktam. On the left are BhU Devi
and nILA Devi eulogized by BhU and nILA sUktams respectively. Swamy
Desikan composed SrI stuti, BhU stuti and GodA stuti to celebrate these three
divine consorts of SrIman nArAyaNan.
SrI devi (Periya PirATTi) is the embodiment of the Lord’s dayA (compassion),
BhU devi is the personification of the Lord’s kshamA guNam (forbearance and
patience to forgive our trespasses) and nILA devi is the personification of the
Lord’s audArya guNam (koDai in Tamil or generosity). The three devis are
addressed by AzhvArs as “Pon MakaL, nila MakaL and Ay MakaL”. nILA devi is
the bride of KaNNan, who destroyed seven fierce bulls of Kumban, the brother
of YaSodA PirATTi in BrndAvanam; KaNNan won the hand of the beautiful
Yaadava kula maiden, nILA devi as kanyA sulkam during the KrshNAvatAram
through this valorous act.
nILA devi is also revered by AzhvArs and AcAryAs as Nappinnai in their

pAsurams and SrI sUktis. This Ayar pAvai with beautiful plaits (nal + pinnai) is
celebrated for Her perfect anga saundaryam that drove KaNNan into raptures.
1
That is why She is addressed as Pula(n) Mangai, who succeeds in keeping the
Lord under Her control through
Her sensory bhogams. SrI devi and
BhU devi in this context are known
as Pon Mangai and nila Mangai.
Nappinnai is the amSam of nILA
devi and the referral to ghrtavatI
(abundance in ghee) and payasvatI
(abundance in milk) in nILA sUktam
connects Her to the avatAram as
Nappinnai in the Ayar Kulam that
rears cows and calves and produce
abundant milk and butter for
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Bhagavat ArAdhanam as well as

ghee for yAga/yaj~nams.
Here are some tributes by the

AzhvArs on nILA devi as one of
the three wives of the Lord. In
these pAsura vAkyams, the divine
saundaryam of NappiNai that
aayarpADi
intoxicated Lord KrshNa is celebrated:
AZHVAR PASURAM-S ON NILA DEVI
tiruvAimozhi pAsuram-s of NammAzhvAr:
உடனமர்காதல்மகளிர் தி மகள்மண்மகள் ஆயர்
மடமகள், என்றிவர் வர் ஆ லக ம் ன்ேற,
உடனைவெயாக்கவி ங்கி ஆ ைலச்ேசர்ந்தவெனம்மான்,
கடல்ம மாயப்ெப மான் கண்ணெனன் ஒக்கைலயாேன
2
uDanamarkAtalmakaLir tirumakaLmaNmakaL Ayar
maDamakaL, enRivarmUvar aaLumulakamum mUnRE,
uDanavaiyokkavizhunki aalilaiccErndavanemmAn,
kaDalmalimAyapperumAn kaNNanenn okkalaiyAnE (Tiruvaimozhi 1.9.4)
Meaning:
Our Lord has three adoring consorts - Lakshmi, BhUmi and Nappinnai. He has
lordship over all the three worlds.
வளேவ லகின் தலாய
வாேனா ாிைறைய அ விைனேயன்
‘ களேவழ் ெவண்ெணய் ெதா ண்ட
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கள்வா!’ என்பன்; பின்ைன ம்
‘ தளேவழ் வல் பின்ைனக்காய்
வல்லானாயர் தைலவனாய்
இளேவ ேற ம் த விய
என்தாய்!’ என்பன் நிைனந் ைநந்ேத.
vaLavEzhulakin mutalAya
vAnOr iRaiyai aruvinaiyEn
'kaLavEzh veNNai toDuvuNDa
kaLvaa!' enpan; pinnaiyum
'taLavEzh muRuval pinnaikkAi
vallAn Ayar talaivanAi
iLavE REzhum tazhuviya
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entAi!' enpan ninaindunaindE (Tiruvaimozhi 1.5.1)
Meaning:
He killed the seven bulls to win the hand

of Nappinnai of sweet smile.
வம்பவிழ் ேகாைத ெபா ட்டா
மால்விைட ேய ம் அடர்த்த,
ெசம்பவ ளத்திரள் வாயன்
சிாீதரன் ெதால் கழ் பா ,
vampavizh kOtai poruTTA

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mAlviDai yEzhum aDartta,
cempavaLat tiraL vAyan
cirIdharan tolpugazh pADi,
---(Tiruvaimozhi 3.5.4 – first 4 lines) KrshNA wins the hand of Nappinnai
Meaning:
To win the hand of Nappinnai as the bride, the Lord with beautifully red mouth
and lips mortified seven bulls.
‘ கடல்ஞாலம் ெசய்ேத ம் யாேன’ என் ம்
‘ கடல்ஞாலம் ஆேவ ம் யாேன’ என் ம்,
‘ கடல்ஞாலம் ெகாண்ேட ம் யாேன’ என் ம்
‘ கடல்ஞாலம் கீண்ேட ம் யாேன’ என் ம்,
‘ கடல்ஞாலம் உண்ேட ம் யாேன’ என் ம்
கடல்ஞாலத் தீசன்வந் ேதறக் ெகாேலா?,
4
கடல்ஞா லத்தீர்க் கிைவெயன் ெசால் ேகன்
கடல்ஞா லத்ெதன் மகள்கற் கின்றனேவ?
‘kaDalj~nlAlam ceytEnum yAnE' ennum
‘kaDalj~nAlam AvEnum yAnE' ennum,
‘kaDalj~nAlam koNDEnum yAnE' ennum
‘kaDalj~nAlam kINDEnum yAnE' ennum,
‘kaDalj~nAlam uNDEnum yAnE' ennum
kaDalj~nAlattu Isan vantERak kolO?,
kaDalj~nAlattIrk kivaiyen sollukEn
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kaDalj~nAlatten makaLkaR kinRanavE? (Tiruvaimozhi 5.6.11)
Meaning:
The Lord, is the consort of all the three Devis : SrI Devi, responsible for His
aiSwaryam, BhUmi PirAtti, the land for those aiSwaryams, and Nappinnai, the
tender creeper from the Kulam of cowherds .
அங்கும் இங்கும் வானவர் தானவர் யாவ ம்,
எங்கும் இைனையெயன் ன்ைன அறியகிலா தலற்றி,
அங்கம் ேச ம் மகள் மண்மகள் ஆய்மகள்,
சங்கு சக்கரக் ைகயவ ெனன்பர் சரணேம.
ankum inkum vAnavar tAnavar yAvarum,
enkum inaiyai enRunnai aRiyakilaa talaRRi,
ankam cErum pUmakaL maNmakaL aaymakaL,
canku cakkarak kaiyavanenbar caraNamE. (Tiruvaimozhi 8.3.1)
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SrI bhUmi devi and nILA devi sameta SrI RanganAtha
Rangasthala, Karnataka (Thanks: SrI L Sridhar)
Meaning:
All sorts of beings (devAs, asurAs and humans) take refuge in the Lord, when
he is in joyous company of not only HIS consorts - which would have been
enough- but they (Lakshmi, BhUmi and Nappinnai) are progressively more
persuasive in their intercessions on behalf of the SaraNAgatAs.
Tirucchandaviruttam of Tirumazhisai AzhvAr
ஆயனாகியாயர்மங்ைக ேவயேதாள் வி ம்பினாய்,
ஆய!
6
AyanAki Ayarmankai vEyatOL virumpinAi,
Aya! (Tiruccandaviruttam 41 – first line)
Meaning:
You incarnated as a cowherd (Ayan) to marry Nappinnai of Ayar Kulam.
TiruppAvai pAsuram-s of SrI ANDAL
நந்தேகாபாலன் ம மகேள நப்பின்னாய்
nantakOpAlan marumakaLE nappinnAi (TiruppAvai 18-2)
Meaning:
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Oh Daughter in Law of Nandagopalan ! Nappinnai !
குத் விளக்ெகாியக் ேகாட் க் கால் கட் ல் ேமல்
ெமத்ெதன்ற பஞ்சசயனத்தின் ேமல் ஏறி
ெகாத்தலர் ங்குழல் நப்பின்ைன ெகாங்ைக ேமல்
ைவத் க் கிடந்த மலர்மார்பா வாய் திறவாய்
kuttu viLakkeriyak kOTTuk kAl kaTTil mEl
mettenRa panca cayanattin mEl ERi
kottalar pUnkuzhal nappinnai konkai mEl
vaittuk kiDanta malarmArpA vAi tiRavAi (TiruppAvai 19 – first 4 lines)
Meaning:
Oh Lord KrshNa! Lying on the soft (silky) bed on the ivory cot with Your broad
chest resting on the large bosoms of Nappinnai, whose tresses are adorned with
bunches of flower blossoms (This Paasuram inspired Swamy ParAsara BhaTTar
to compose his famous taniyan : nILAtunga stana giri taTI suptam udbodhya
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krshNam).
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nILA tunga stana giri taTI suptam udbodhya krshNam!

Tirumangai AzhvAr pAsurams
க்கிலங்கு கனித் வர்வாய்ப் பின்ைன ேகள்வன்
murukkilanku kanittuvarvAip pinnai kELvan (Peria tirumozhi 6.6.8 – 1st line)
Meaning:
The Lord of Nappinnai with youthful and delectable lips.
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அன்ைன னிவ ம் அன்றி
ன் குர லீர்வ ம்,
மன் மறிகட லார்ப்ப
ம்வைள ேசார்வ ம்,
ெபான்னங் கைலயல்கு லன்ன
ெமன்னைடப் ங்குழல்,
பின்ைன மணாளர் திறத்த
வாயின பின்ைனேய
annai munivatum anRi
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lin kura lIrvatum,
mannu maRikaDa lArppa
tumvaLai cOrvatum,
ponnan kalaiyalku lanna
mennaDaip pUnkuzhal,
pinnai maNALar tiRatta
vAyina pinnaiyE (Peria tirumozhi 11.2.5)
Meaning:
The Lord of Nappinnai with gentle gait and tresses adorned with fragrant
flowers.
NILA DEVI
In consonance with the SrI VaishNava tradition, ANDAL performs SaraNAgati

in TiruppAvai at the sacred feet of the Lord through His devi. This is known as
the PurushakAra Prapatti. Swamy ParASara BhaTTar through His famous
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taniyan for TiruppAvai reminds us of ANDAL awakening Nappinnai for
PurushakAra Prapatti. BhaTTar visualizes the Lord sleeping soundly in the
middle of the lofty breasts of Nappinnai. ANDAL reminds the Lord of His
duties to protect the world and sends the message through Nappinnai, who has
perfect vaallabhyam and vaSIkaraNam over Her Lord through Her bhogams.
In the context of discussion on the theological and ontological implications of

the doctrine of SrI devi (SrI tattvam), the questions that need addressing are:
 Is She on par with VishNu enjoying equal status as a vibhu?
 Are BhU devi, nILA devi and other Saktis listed in LakshmI tantram and
other PaancarAtra samhitA-s distinct from SrI devi and one another?
 Are they all to be taken as consorts of VishNu?

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 What are their ontological status with respect to VishNu and SrI devi?
VaikuNTha vAsi Dr. S.M.S. Chari addresses the above questions precisely:
tirukkuDantai SrI ArAvamuda perumAl in nAcciyAr tirukkOlam
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 Through the expression of eka Seshitvam, VishNu and SrI devi exhibit
vibhutvam and are upAyam as well as upeyam for a prapannan
 Purusha sUktam, BhU sUktam, Hari vamSam (an appendix of MahA

BhAratam) attest to the fact that both BhU devi and nILA devi are VishNu
patnI-s
 From an ontological stand point, both BhU devi and nILA devi are regarded
as two aspects/amSams of VishNu Sakti, which according to PaancarAtra
samhitA-s is MahA Lakshmi Herself. BhU devi is the amSam of kshamA and
nILA devi is the amSam of audAryam of MahA Lakshmi. Both are worshipped
along with MahA Lakshmi without affecting the unitary character of MahA
Lakshmi as the inseparable consort of VishNu enjoying the same status as
Her Lord. Vishvaksena samhitA goes on to point out that BhU devi and nILA
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devi are not vibhus like MahA Lakshmi and yet both are dear to VishNu and
are His consorts. The acceptance of additional consorts for the Lord does
not mitigate the unitary character of the Supreme Mother, MahA Lakshmi.
SrI devi has a special place on the chest (VakshaH sthalam) of Her Lord as well
as on the right side of Her Lord. She has the “svAbhimata nitya niravadya
anurUpa svarUpam” saluted in AcArya RaamAnujA’s SaraNAgati gadyam. She
has a beautiful form desired by the Lord, which is changeless and without any
blemish and matching Her Lord in every way regarding saundaryam, KalyANa
guNams and aiSvaryam. She is the One who is seated on the forever fragrant
lotus flower and destroys our pApams. She is the deva deva divya mahishi and is
the limit of dayA (dAkshiNya sImA). She is the yajamAni in the Lord’s house-
hold (grha medini).
BhUmi devi and nILA devi take their positions on the left side of the Lord.
BhUmi devi is like another embodiment (rUpAntaram) of SrI devi. She is the
object of unceasing reverence by all at SrI VAikuNTham (anavarata bahumAna
vishayai). She has the most beautiful green hue like the mountain at spring
time.
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nILA devi has the hue of a dark blue lotus (karu neydal pushpam). She is thus
neelotpala SyAmaLai. She exceeds the enchanting power of SrI devi, when it
comes to overpowering Her Lord through Her bhoga Sakti. The Lord, who is
forever awake (nitya bodan) gives up that ever vigilant state in nILA devi’s
company, relaxes and falls asleep amidst Her lofty breasts (nILA tunga
stanagiri taTI suptam). Such is Her power over Her Lord!
Now let us study the meanings/comments of the mantrams.

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13
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The Divine Couple

(Thanks: www.exoticindiaart.com)
14
. ïI>.
nI¦asU´m!
nILAsUktam

. hir> Aaem!.
nI¦a< devI‡ zr[mh< àp*e sutristrse nm>.
g&[aih.
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|| hari: om ||
nILAm devIm SaraNamaham prapadye sutarasi tarase nama: ||
grNAhi ||
Meaning:
aDiyEn seeks nILA devi as my refuge! Hail to Thee, whose vaibhavam is enjoyed
immensely by Her children!
"&tvtI sivtraixpÅyE> pySvtI riNtrazanae AStu,
Øuva idza< iv:[upTNy"aera=Syezana shsae ya mnaeta.
ghrtavatI savitarAdhipattyai:
payasvatI rantirASAno astu |
dhruvA diSAm vishNupatnyaghorA
asyeSAnA sahaso yA manotA ||
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Meaning:
Oh Lord who creates and rules this world and its beings! May all the directions
where I am, be filled with the abundance of ghee, milk and nourishing vastus
and also become pleasant places where the kith and kin as well as friends are
protected with (Your) power. May VishNu patni, BhUmi PiraTTi, who blesses
Her devotees with mental fortitude and forbearance, accept aDiyEn’s
ArAdhanam and bless every one in this direction with Her anugraha sankalpam!
b&hSpitmaRtirñaet vayuSsNxuvana vata AiÉ nae g&[Ntu,
ivòMÉae idvae xé[> p&iwVya ASyezana jgtae iv:[upÆI.
brhaspatir mAtariSvota vAyu:

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sandhuvAnA vAtA abhi no grNantu |
vishTambho divo dharuNa: prthivyA
asyeSAnA jagato vishNupatnI ||
Meaning:
Brhaspati (the deva guru), the enduring samAna vAyu, the life sustaining Vaayu
known as mAtariSvA and other prANa vAyus wish us only hitam
(auspiciousness). BhUmi devi, who supports the svarga lokam and stays as the
foundation of the BhU lokam is the Lord’s dharma patni. She is also the
Empress of all the Universe.
Comments:
The mAtariSvAn is the messenger of Vivasvat, a Vedic God, who brought hidden
fire to the Bhrgus (Rg Vedam I.93.6). mAtariSvAn can be considered as a Vedic
god associated with domestic fire. The fire stick in which the fire grows is also
known as mAtariSvAn. In essence, mAtariSvAn is one of the vAyu-s (life
currents). It is some times equated with samAna vAyu, one of the panca (five)
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PrANAs. These PrANA-s govern critical bodily functions and control the bodily
energies through the control of the different cakrAs (mUlAdhAra,
svAdhishThAna, maNipUra, anAhata, viSuddha, Aj~nA and sahasrAram). The
Panca PrANA-s themselves are: PrANa, apAna, vyAna, udAna and, samAna
vAyus. They move in the PrANa maya koSam and are the primary life currents
or vital airs. PrANa is the outgoing breath, apAna is the incoming breath, vyAna
is the retained breath, udAna is the ascending breath and samAna is the
equalizing breath. Control of these breaths through PrANAyAma yogam for
better health and gaining of siddhis is a major field involving expert guidance.
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SrI bhUmi devi, nILA devi sameta SrI sthalasayana perumAL - tirukkaDalmallai
(Thanks: SrI B Senthil Kumar)
ivñVyca #;yNtI suÉUit> izva nae ASTviditépSwe.
viSvavyacA ishayantI subhUti:
17
SivA no astvaditirupasthe ||
Meaning:
Surrounding the universe are the invigorating (nourishing good food) victuals.
May these be auspicious for us and stand near us!
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Prosperity and subhiksham-s are received through performance of yaj~nas

SrI Ahobila Mutt, SelaiyUr
Comments:
In the spirit of the above mantra, one Yajur Veda Mantram deals with the
beauty of the universe (Earth) as a source of prosperity, and happiness, a fit
place to dwell upon comfortably, full of corn, milk, sweet juices and fruits. This
mantram also points out that such prosperity and subiksham is gained through
the performance of yaj~nams with the recitation of Vedic verses in many
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metres like GayatrI, trishTup and jagati. This mantram is:
gAyatreNa tvA cchandasA parigrhNAmi traishTubhena cchandasA
parigrhNAmi jAgatena tvA cchandasA parigrhNAmi
sukshmA cAsi SivA cAsi syonA cAsi sushadA cAsyUrjasvatI cAsi
payasvatI ca --- Yajur Vedam I.27
VedAs speak at length about flora and fauna at many places. Speaking of flora,
the VedAs salute the Lord as Vanaspati, the Master of Forests and plants
(atharva Vedam III.8), the food grains, the cereals, the creepers, the fruit
bearing trees and non-fruit bearing trees, the medicinal herbs (oushadis).
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SrI Dhanvantari bhagavAn - Lord of the Oushadi-s

Thanks: www.exoticindiaart.com
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aayarpAdi girls waking up Nappinnai (thanks: www.desikan.com)
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The connection between the previous nILA sUkta mantram focusing on the
panca prANAs and the abundant food stuffs from the flora (cereals, grains,
medicinal herbs) and their utilization for higher goals is seen in another yajur
veda Mantram ( I.20):
dhAnyamasi dhinuhi devAn prANAya tvA dAnAya tvA vyAnAya tvA
dIrgamanu prasitimAyushe dhAm devo va: savitA hiraNyapANi:
prati grbNAtyacchidreNa pANinA cakshuse tvA mahInAm payo’asi
Meaning:
“The foodstuffs and water purified by the performance of yaj~nA strengthen

the body and sense organs. May we resort to yaj~nA for sound health, for
activities, for vitality, for long life full of happiness and prosperity. The
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glorious creator and emancipator of Universe, through His perfect
Omnipresence, blesses us for dissemination of true sublime knowledge”.
Aae< mhadeVyE c ivÒhe iv:[upTNyE c xImih,
tÚae nI¦a àcaedyat!.
. hir> Aaem!.
om mahA devyai ca vidmahe vishNupatnyai ca dhImahi |
tanno nILA pracodayAt ||
|| hari: om ||
Meaning:
We meditate on this MahA devi, nILA PirATTi. For that we devote ourselves to
the VishNu Patni. May that nILA devi invigorate us!
nILA devyai nama:
dAsan, Oppiliappan Koil Varadachari Sadagopan
21

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yathA virAD purushoham iti sAkshAtkaroti | tadAnIm vartamAna dehasyatatsvarUpatvAbhAvAt tan

purusha sUkta mantrams and comments

Word by word meaning:

s< gCDXv< s< vdXv< s< vae mna<is jantam!

pUrvAnvAkam of purusha sUktam

shözI;aR pué;> shöa]> shöpat!,

s ÉUim< ivñtae v&Tva, ATyitóÎza¼‚lm!. 1.

Word by word Meaning:

pZyaim Tva< srvtae=nNtêpm!,

naNt< n mXy< n punStvaid<

pZyaim ivñeñr ivñêp.

snatnSTv< pué;ae mtae me sanAtanastvam purusho mato me

*avap&iwVyaeirdmNtr< ih VyaÝ< TvyEken idzí svaR>

%Äm> pué;STvNy> prmaTmeTyudaùt>,

yae laekÇymaivZy ibÉTyRVyy $ñr>.

pué; @ved~ svRm!, yÑƒt< y½ ÉVym!,

Word by word meaning:

@tavanSy mihma, Atae Jyaya~í pUé;>,

padae=Sy ivña ÉUtain, iÇpadSyam&t< idiv. 3.

Word by word meaning:

AÚaÑƒtain jayNte.... jataNyÚen vxRNte, A*te=iÄ c ÉUtain, tSmadÚ< tÊCyt #it,

Meaning according to Dr. NSA swAmi:

“tripAd svarUpam amrtam, vinASa rahitam, sat, divi‐dyotamAnAtmake svaprakASa‐rUpe'vatishThate,

iÇpaËXvR %dETpué;>, padae=Syeha==ÉvaTpun>,

ttae ivñ'œVy³amt!, saznanzne AiÉ. 4.

Word by word meaning:

ivòa_yahimd< k«Tõmeka<zen iSwtae jgt!

mTs<kLp< n AitvteRt twa mm mihç> Ayuta<zen ivò_y Ahm! AviSwt>,

Meaning of the above passage:

tSmaiÖrafjayt, ivrajae Aix pUé;>,

s jatae ATyirCyt, píaÑƒimmwae pur>. 5.

Word by word meaning:

yTpué;e[ hiv;a, deva y}mtNvt,

vsNtae ASyasIdaJym!, ¢I:m #XmZzrÏiv>. 6.

Introduction to mantram 6 from Purusha sUkta samhitai in Saakalya BrAhmaNam:

Word by word meaning of the sixth mantram:

sÝaSyasNpirxy>, iÇ> sÝ simx> k«ta>,

deva y*}< tNvana>, Ab×Npué;< pzum!. 7.

Word by word meaning:

t< y}< bihRi; àaE]n!, pué;< jatm¢t>,

ten deva AyjNt, saXya \;yí ye. 8.

Word by word meaning:

tSma*}aTsvR÷t>, s<É&t< p&;daJym!,

pzU‡Sta~ í³e vayVyan!, Aar{yaN¢aMyaí ye. 9.

Word by word meanings and comments:

vAyavyAn ‐ vAyudevatAkAn lokaprasiddhAn; AraNyAn paSUn ‐ paSUnAm antarikshadhvArA

tSma*}aTsvR÷t>, \c> samain ji}re,

DNda‡is ji}re tSmat!, yjuStSmadjayt. 10.

Word by word Meanings:

tSmadña AjayNt, ye ke caeÉyadt>,

gavae h ji}re tSmat!, tSma¾ata Ajavy>. 11.

Word for word meanings:

The 12th to 15th mantrams:

yTpué;< Vydxu>, kitxa VykLpyn!,

muo< ikmSy kaE baø, kavUê padavuCyete. 12.

äaü[ae=Sy muomasIt!, baø rajNy> k«t>,

^ê tdSy yÖEZy>, pÑ(a‡ zUÔae Ajayt. 13.

cNÔma mnsae jat>, c]ae> sUyaeR Ajayt,

muoaidNÔíai¶í, àa[aÖayurjayt. 14.