Senior High School

Earth Science
First Semester - Quarter 2
Deformation of the Earth’s Crust
Folding and Faulting
S11ES-IId-27
Earth Science– Grade 11
Alternative Delivery Mode
First Semester - Quarter 2 Deformation of the Earth’s Crust Folding
and Faulting
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education - Region III

Secretary : Leonor M Briones
Undersecretary : Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Author: Maribel L. Ocila

Language Reviewer: Joselito G. Milan
Content Editor: Marciano V. Cruz Jr.
Cherilyn R. Goyena PhD
Illustrator: Maribel L. Ocila
Layout Artist: Maribel L. Ocila

Management Team
Gregorio C. Quinto, Jr., EdD
Chief, Curriculum Implementation Division
Rainelda M. Blanco, PhD
Education Program Supervisor - LRMDS
Agnes R. Bernardo, PhD
EPS-Division ADM Coordinator
Marinella P. Garcia Sy, PhD
EPS – Science
Glenda S. Constantino
Project Development Officer II
Joannarie C. Gracia
Librarian II

Department of Education, Schools Division of Bulacan

Curriculum Implementation Division
Learning Resource Management and Development System (LRMDS)
Capitol Compound, Guinhawa St., City of Malolos, Bulacan
Email address: [email protected]
 Senior High School

Earth Science
First Semester - Quarter 2
Deformation of the Earth’s Crust
Folding and Faulting
S11ES-IId-27
 Introductory Message

For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Earth Science Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Deformation of
the Earth’s Crust—Folding and Faulting.

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators from
public institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator, in helping the learners meet the
standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming their personal, social, and
economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent learning
activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help learners acquire
the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their needs and
circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of the
module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that will
help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module. You also
need to keep track of the learners’ progress while allowing them to manage their own
learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as they do
the tasks included in the module.

For the learner:

Welcome to the Earth Science Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Deformation of
the Earth’s Crust—Folding and Faulting.
This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for guided
and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to process the
contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.
This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

This will give you an idea of the skills or

What I Need to Know competencies you are expected to learn in the
module.

This part includes an activity that aims to check

what you already know about the lesson to take. If
What I Know
you get all the answers correct (100%), you may
decide to skip this module.

1
 This is a brief drill or review to help you link the
What’s In
current lesson with the previous one.

In this portion, the new lesson will be introduced to

What’s New you in various ways; a story, a song, a poem, a
problem opener, an activity or a situation.
This section provides a brief discussion of the
What is It lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.
This comprises activities for independent practice to
solidify your understanding and skills of the topic.
What’s More
You may check the answers to the exercises using
the Answer Key at the end of the module.
This includes questions or blank sentence/
What I Have Learned paragraph to be filled in to process what you learned
from the lesson.
This section provides an activity which will help you
What I Can Do transfer your new knowledge or skill into real life
situations or concerns.

This is a task which aims to evaluate your level of

Assessment
mastery in achieving the learning competency.

In this portion, another activity will be given to you to

Additional Activities
enrich your knowledge or skill of the lesson learned.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References - This is a list of all sources used in developing this module.
The following are some reminders in using this module:
1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to
consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not alone.
We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and gain deep
understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

2
 What I Need to Know

This module encourages you to describe how rocks behave under different types of
stress such as compression, pulling apart, and shearing (S11ES-IId-27).
Various activities such as experiments are provided for you to perform to strengthen
your knowledge and skills regarding the topic.

At the end of this module, you are expected to:

 describe how rocks are deformed by stress and undergo solid deformation
(stained);

 explain how tension, compression and shear stresses produce geological

structures; and

 perform simple activity that shows how rocks behave under different types of
stress using localized materials.

What I Know

Directions: Choose the correct answer. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. What term is used to a change in shape, position and/or volume of rock in response

to stress of forces?

A. Metamorphism C. Magmatism

B. Deformation D. Foliation

2. Which of the following is the change in shape or volume of the rock that experienced

stress or force?

A. Stress B. Strain C. Shear D. Brittle

3. Which of the following best describes geological forces that pulls in opposite
directions?

A. Confining C. Regional

B. Compressional D. Tensional

3
4. Which of the following pairs is CORRECT?

A. Fracture: Bend - Fold: Break

B. Stress: Cause - Strain : Effect

C. Elastic :Metal Wire - Inelastic : Rubber band

D. Compressional: Stretching - Tensional: Squeezing

5. What is the resulting strain produced when tensional stress is applied in the rock?

A. Lengthening and thinning of the rock

B. Tearing of the rock
C. Shortening and thickening of the rock
D. Rounding of the rock
6. What is the resulting strain in ductile deformation?
A. Flow back into original shape C. No change in shapes
B. Permanent change in shape D. Temporary change in shape
7. How will a rock respond if it is subjected to high heat and pressure?
A. It will most likely to break C. It will most likely to bend
B. It will most likely to expand D. It will most likely to melt
8. Which of the following pair best describes the deformation of a green stick freshly
removed from tree?
A. Elastic : brittle C. Elastic : inelastic
B. Brittle : elastic D. Inelastic : brittle
9. Which of the following correctly describes the two types of faults?
A. Dip-slip moves in vertical while strike-slip moves in horizontal direction
B. Dip-slip moves in horizontal while strike-slip in vertical
C. Dip-slip and strike-slip moves in the same direction
D. None of the above
10. What term is applied to the block of rock above the fault plane?
A. Fold C. Footwall
B. Syncline D. Hanging wall
11. Which type of dip-slip faults are most likely seen along divergent boundaries?
A. Normal faults C. Footwall
B. Reverse faults D. Hanging wall

4
12. What type of fault is in the Philippine Fault?
A. Dip-slip fault C. Normal fault
B. Strike-slip fault D. Reverse fault
13. Which of the following best describes the folded structure of rocks?
A. Anticline : Upward Syncline : Downward
B. Anticline : Downward Syncline : Upward
C. Anticline : Upward Syncline : Sideward
D. Anticline : Sideward Syncline : Upward
14. Rocks that are subjected to forces may deform in what ways?
A. Fracture and faults C. Bend and joints
B. Break and fracture D. Fracture and fold
15. Which fault type would be most prominent at a transform plate boundary?
A. Reverse fault C. Strike-slip faults
B. Normal fault D. Transverse

What’s In

Direction: Complete the puzzle below by filling in a word that fits each clue.

M M M

1. The process through which pre-existing rocks are transformed into metamorphic
rocks.

L A N

2. Preferred alignment of sheet silica minerals with respect to the stress being applied.

N S

3. Metamorphic rock that has distinct banding formed by high temperature and pressure

S D O

4. Parent rock of Quartzite

O T

5. An intrusion of hot, molten magma that will change the rock.

5
 What’s New

Which Type of Geological Stress Are You?

Tensional, Compressional or Shear Stress………...find out which type of
geological stress you play!

4. In a party or gatherings
Start Here! you preferred to

1. If you accidentally  Alone or stay in old 6. If you encounter a

created/invented a friends problem, you
time machine, you will GO TO NUMBER 6  Prefer to solve it
 Travel to the future  Eager to meet alone
GO TO NUMBER 4 someone, meet new GO TO PROFILE A
friends
 Go back in time to  Ask help to friend
correct mistakes in GO TO NUMBER 5 or family.
the past GO TO NUMBER 7
5. It starts raining while
GO TO NUMBER 3 you are walking down
the street with your
2. You’d like to change friend, you
yourself into a 7. You love to share
 Stop for a while and your secret to your
 Cat, so you can look for a place to
stay in house hide  Friend
contentedly all day GO TO PROFILE B
GO TO NUMBER 6
long
 Diary
 Don’t mind the rain,
GO TO NUMBER 4
as long as you GO TO NUMBER 8
 Bird, so you can fly have a friend by
and explore the your side
sky
GO TO NUMBER 7
8. You always dream
GO TO NUMBER 5
about
9. Do you sometimes  Successful artist to
3. For you friendship is imitate someone else’s be the center of
 Gift of God look? attraction
 Yes! I love to try GO TO NUMBER 9
GO TO NUMBER 2
new style
 Having a buddy to  Successful in
GO TO PROFILE C business of
share all your
secrets and  No! I have my own chosen career
thoughts style GO TO PROFILE C
GO TO NUMBER 5 GO TO PROFILE A

6
 PROFILE A PROFILE B
You are very independent You are thoughtful and
that you want to work alone. love the company of other people.
Just like a tensional stress, it Just like compressional stress,
tends to pull apart from the you like to squeeze to others.
others.

PROFILE C
Though you are nice and
caring, you can get careless at
times. You want the company of
others and you can work alone.
Just like shear stress, you like to
move past to each other.

What is It

You have learned from the previous lesson how rocks are compressed, collide or pulled
apart. The volume and shape of the rocks are evidently affected.

Deformation refers to the changes in volume and or shape of rocks as they

are squeezed by compressional forces or stretched by the tensional forces. Stress is the
force per unit area applied on the rock while strain change in shape or volume of the rock
that experienced stress. Thus: Stress = cause Strain = effect

Types of Stress

1. Tensional involves forces pulling in opposite directions,

which results in strain that stretches into thin rocks

A
2. Compressional involves forces pushing together or the
stress that results from the shortening in one dimension of an
elastic body due to oppositely directed collinear forces tends
to crush it.

7
3. Shear involves transverse forces that result in deformation of
material by slippage along a plane of planes parallel to the imposed
stress or regions of material moving past each other.

Figure 1. Types of Stress: tensional (A), compressional (B) and shear (C)

Type of Stress Associated Plate Resulting Strain Associated Fault

Boundary and Offset Types
Tensional Divergent Stretching and Thinning Normal

Compressional Convergent Shortening and Reverse

Thickening
Shear Transform Tearing Strike-Slip

Table 1. Table showing types of stress and resulting strain

The resulting strain in rocks can be classified into elastic, ductile or brittle
depending on the stress applied in the material. Elastic deformation is strain that is
reversible after a stress is released, while ductile deformation occurs when enough
stress is applied to the material that causes changes in shape and no longer be able to
return to its original shape. Yield point is the point at which elastic deformation is sur-
passed and strain becomes permanent. Brittle deformation materials respond to stress
by breaking and fracturing.

Rocks that are subjected to forces may deform in two ways. First is fracture
(break) that happens in the uppermost part of the crust which tends to break when sub-
jected to compressional or tensional forces. Two types of fractures are faults that
breaks along when there is considerable movement while joints are those breaks where
there is little or no movement. Second is fold (bend) happens deep within the crust and
the rocks do not break the way they do at the earth’s surface. Rocks bend and go out of
shape. Hanging wall is a block of rocks resting on the fault plane. Footwall is a block
below the fault plane.

Two Types of Faults

1. Dip-Slip Faulting involves the movement of blocks of rocks mainly in vertical

direction, move up and down

8
 Types of Dip-Slip Faults

A. Normal fault formed when the crust is

stretched or pulled apart by forces in opposing
directions and when the hanging wall moves
down with respect to the footwall.

B. Reverse fault when the crust is squeezed or

compressed, the hanging moves up relative to
the footwall

Figure 2. Types of dip-slip faults: normal fault (A) and reverse fault (B)

2. Strike-Slip Faulting involves movement chiefly in the horizontal direction

( sideways or laterally)

Kinds of Strike-Slip Faults

A. Right-Lateral Strike-Slip Fault

sideways movement of fault to the
right .
A
Example: San Andreas Fault in California U.S.A.

B. Left-Lateral Strike-Slip Fault if the

other block moved to your left then
the fault is a left-lateral strike-slip
fault.

Example: Philippine Fault

B
Figure 3. Kinds of strike-slip faults: right-lateral (A) and left-lateral (B)

9
 Philippine Fault is an example
of Strike-Slip Fault. In reality,
the Philippine Fault consists of
several faults parallel to one
another and it is called
Philippine Fault Zone. The fault
extends from Luzon through the
eastern part of the Visayas,
down to eastern Mindanao.

Figure 4. Philippine Fault System

Basic Types of Folds

1. Monocline is a bend in rock strata that are otherwise

uniformly dipping or horizontal

2. Anticline is when rock layers are bent upward, they

form a folded structure

3. Syncline is when rock layers are bent downward

Figure 5. Basic Types of folds: monocline (A), anticline (B) and Syncline

10
 What’s More

INDEPENDENT ACTIVITY 1

Objective

To describe the differences between elastic, ductile and brittle deformation of

rocks.

Materials

Rubber band Clay Pliers

Metal wire of paper clip Small metal springs

Procedure

1. Gather all the materials needed in the activity. Place them on a table.

2. Stretch the above mentioned materials one by one using your hand. Observe what
will happen to the material.

3. Stretch again the materials using pliers or hand tool. Use maximum force.

INDEPENDENT ASSESSMENT 1

Direction: Answer the following questions in your activity notebook.

1. Which of the material is elastic or inelastic?

______________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________

2. How will you know if the material is elastic or inelastic?

______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

3. If the material is inelastic, which is brittle? Ductile?

______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

4. How will you know if the material is brittle or ductile?

______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

11
5. Based on the activity, do you think rocks can be deformed if subjected to pressure or
forces? Why or Why not?

______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

INDEPENDENT ACTIVITY 2

Objective

To describe how rocks are deformed by stress and show how folded and faulted
rocks undergo solid deformation (stained).

Materials

Sand Coarse soil Wooden Board Plastic Box

Procedure:

1. Place the board vertically inside one end of the box.

2. Build up several layers of coarse soil and sand. Do not fill more than half-full. (Only
thin layers of coarse soil are needed to sprinkled along the front of the box, in order
to save coarse soil and to allow the materials to be reused several times.)

3. Push the vertical board slowly then push vertical board across the box, so that it
begins to compress the layers.

4. When you notice the layers beginning to bend, stop pushing the board.

5. Hold the board upright and draw a scaled diagram of the result.

6. Continue pushing the layers with the board until the sand is about to overflow the box.

7. Hold the board upright and draw a scaled diagram of the result.

8. Then add arrows to your diagram to show the directions of the forces which are acting
while you compress the layers with the board.

INDEPENDENT ASSESSMENT 2

Direction: Answer the following questions in your activity notebook.

1. Are the layers still horizontal or are they folded?

_______________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

12
2. Did one set of layers slide over the rest?

_______________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

3. What happened to the material as you keep on pushing the board? Describe the
arrangement of sand and coarse soil.

_______________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

4. How are folds and faults formed?

_______________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

5. Based on the activity, describe how fold and faults influenced the deformation of rocks.

_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

INDEPENDENT ACTIVITY 3

Objective

To describe the different types of stress

Materials

Modelling clay in different color

Procedure:

1. Take a block of clay in different colors. Make different layers with a total of 5 cm
long, 5cm wide, and 2 cm thick. Make sure that the layers of different colors are
visible.

2. Slowly push on opposite ends of the blocks. Sketch what you observe.

3. Make another block of clay same as in Procedure no. 1. Then gently pull the sides
of the clay in opposite directions. Sketch what you observe.

4. Make another block of clay this time place your hand flat on opposite sides of the
clay block and slowly move your hands in opposite direction sliding past each
other. Draw what you observe.

13
INDEPENDENT ASSESSMENT 3

Direction: Answer the following questions in your activity notebook.

1. Describe the blocks that you produced in the activity.

______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

2. What happened to the block of clay as you slowly push on opposite end? What type
of stress is that?

______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

3. What happened to the block when you gently pull the opposite sides? What type of
stress is that?

______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

4. What happened to the block when you slowly moved your hand on opposite direc-
tions sliding past each other? What type of stress is that?

______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

5. Based on the activity, define the three types of stress

______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

What I Have Learned

Directions: Carefully read each statement that describes the level of your understanding
in the concepts presented in the module. Indicate the level of your understanding which
you feel by encircling the number in the given scale below.

Contents Scale
1. I can describe how rocks are deformed by stress and undergo 1 2 3 4 5
solid deformation (stained).
2. I can explain how tension, compression and shear stresses 1 2 3 4 5
produce geological structures.
3. I can identify different types of stress. 1 2 3 4 5

14
Contents Scale
4. I can define different types of faults 1 2 3 4 5
5. I can perform a simple activity that shows how rocks behave 1 2 3 4 5
under different types of stress

Scale Label of Capability Description

5 Very High I understand all the topics with no mistakes

4 High I understand most of the topics presented with minimal
mistakes
3 Moderate I understand most of the topics but I still need some
practice
2 Low I have basic understanding of the topics but I still need to
review the concepts
1 Very low I have only little understanding of the topics. I need to
retake and review most of the concepts

What I Can Do

What’s on your mind?

If rocks can be deformed by stress
and undergo solid deformation, how
about a student like you in this critical
situation? How can you cope up with
stress causing situations in your life?
Write your answer in a separate sheet
of paper.

15
 Assessment

Directions: Choose the correct answer. Write your answer in the separate sheet
of paper.

1. What is the process of breaking of rocks in the conditions of low pressure and
temperature near the earth’s surface?

A. Fracture C. Stress

B. Fold D. Strain

2. What is the movement of rocks in the horizontal direction (sideways or laterally)?

A. Dip-slip Faults C. Normal Fault

B. Strike-slip Faults D. Reverse Fault

3. The Philippine Fault is categorized as what type of fault?

A. Dip-Slip Fault C. Normal Fault

B. Strike-Slip Fault D. Reverse Fault

4. Which of the following is the surface where fault movements takes place?

A. Hanging wall C. Fault Plane

B. Footwall D. Joints

5. What is the term used when rock layers bent downward and form a folded structure?

A. Anticline C. Monocline

B. Syncline D. Faults

6. If stress is the force applied to a rock, then strain is what?

A. Melting of rock C. Decrease of Stress

B. Increase of Stress D. Deformation of Rock

7. Which of the following involves forces of pulling rocks in opposite directions?

A. Tensional C. Confining

B. Compressional D. Shear

16
8. Which type of stress can result in folding and thickening of rocks by the forces that
pushes them together?

A. Tensional C. Confining

B. Compressional D. Shear

9. Which of the following occurs when there is enough stress to a material and change
the shape permanently?

A. elastic deformation C. Yield point

B. Ductile deformation D. Brittle deformation

10. In which type of fault does the hanging wall moves down relative to the footwall?

A. Normal C. Reverse

B. Thrust D. Strike-slip

11. In which type of fault does the hanging wall moves up relative to footwall when the
crust is squeezed or compressed?

A. Normal C. Reverse

B. Thrust D. Strike-slip

12. Which of the following is NOT a correct pair?

A. Fracture : Break C. Anticline : Upward

B. Dip-slip : Vertical direction D. Stress: Change in Shape

13. What is the resulting strain produced when compressional stress applied in the rock?

A. Lengthening and thinning of rock C. Shortening and thickening of rock

B. Tearing of the rock D. Rounding of the Rock

14. Which type of dip-slip faults are you most likely to seen along convergent
boundaries?

A. Normal faults C. Anticline

B. Reverse faults D. Syncline

15. Which of the following is NOT a correct pair of fundamental kind of stress?

A. Compressional : Squeezing C. Shear : Wrenching

B. Tensional : Stretching D. Fracture: Bend

17
 Additional Activities

Research areas where faulting and folding is present. Make a photo collage of
deformation of rocks. You can use pictures from the internet or other sources.
Check out the Rubric for the Photo Collage.

Rubrics in Collage

4 3 2 1
Creativity Exceptional degree Most of the Only few areas Showed little
of student collage reflects of the collage effort in
creativity. Very student reflects student creating the
unique and shows creativity. creativity. collage.
originality.
Design Student went above Student met Student almost Student did
and beyond expectations in met required not meet the
expectations in the creation of expectations in required
creating design. design. their design. expectations
in their
design
Requirements All requirements are All One of the More than
met and exceeded requirements requirements one of the
beyond are met. was not met requirements
expectations. completely. was not met.

18
 19
What I Know What’s In Assessment 1
What’s New
1. B 1. METAMORPHISM 1. Rubber band—elastic,
Answers may vary
2. B 2. FOLIATION metal wire—inelastic ,
3. C 3. GNEISS Clay— inelastic
4. B 4. SANDSTONE Metal spring — elastic
5. A 5. CONTACT 2. Elastic describes a
6. B material that returns to its
original shape once the
7. C stress is removed.
8. A Inelastic describes material
Independent Assessment 3 does not return to its
9. A
1. The blocks produced in the original shape after it is
10. D deformed.
activity are identical when
11. A there is no force applied on 3. Clay– ductile
it.
12. B Metal spring—ductile
2. The clay thickened in the
13. A 4. Brittle materials respond
middle. Compressional
14. D stress. to stress by breaking and
fracturing.
15. C 3. Clay thinned in the middle.
Tensional stress Ductile materials respond
to stress by bending or
4. Clay is offset at the edges. deforming without breaking
Independent Assessment Shear stress.
2 5. Yes, they will change
5. The three types of stress shape in response to stress
1. Folded are Compressional
involves forces pushing
2. No they are somewhat
together. Tensional
like squeezed by the
involves forces pulling in
force of board. Assessment
opposite direction and
3. The material produces Shear involves transverse 1. A 11. C
folds and faults. forces.
2. B 12. D
4. Folds are produced
when the rocks bend 3. B 13. C
due to pressure in
4. C 14. B
inner crust while faults
occur when rocks What I Have Learned 5. B 15. D
break near the surface 1. Deformation 6. D
of the earth’s crust.
2. Fracture 7. A
5. Folds and Faults con-
tribute to the changes 3. Folding 8. B
in topography of the 4. Stress 9. B
Earth.
5. Dip-Slip 10. A
Answer Key
References
Rabago, Lilia M. Ph.D., Flores Alvin C., Mingoa, Thelma R, Ph.D. Ferrer, Diana L.,
Obille, Jr. Eligio., Cano, Miguel C. Dynamic Science: An Integration of Physical and
Biological Sciences, Quezon City: Vibal Publishing House, Inc. 2003

Salt Lake Community College, “An Introduction to Geology” Accessed July 6, 2020.
htpps://www.opengeology.org/textbook/9-crustal-deformation-and-earthquakes

Earth Science Education “CPD Taster Activities for Teacher” Accessed July 8, 2020.
htpps://earthscienceeducation.com/taster/deformation.pdf.

United States Geological Survey– NYC Regional Geology—The Highlands Province.

Accessed July 22, 2003. https://www.commons.wikimedia.org/wiki
File:Faults_and_folds.jpg

Northern and Central portions of Philippine Fault System by Gubernatoria. Accessed

July 24, 2009. https://www.en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:PhilippineFaultSystem03.jpg

20
 For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:
Department of Education, Schools Division of Bulacan
Curriculum Implementation Division
Learning Resource Management and Development System (LRMDS)
Capitol Compound, Guinhawa St., City of Malolos, Bulacan
Email address: [email protected]