Earth and Life Science

Quarter 1 – Module 2:
Minerals and Rocks
Earth and Life Science – Grade 11/ 12
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 2: Minerals and Rocks
First Edition, 2020

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Earth and Life Science
Quarter 1 – Module 2:
Minerals and Rocks
Introductory Message

For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Earth and Life Science- Grade 11/12 Alternative Delivery
Mode (ADM) Module on Minerals and Rocks!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by

educators both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or
facilitator in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum
while overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and
independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also
aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into
consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies
that will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them
to manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and
assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

1
For the learner:

Welcome to the Earth and Life Sciences-Grade 11/12 Alternative Delivery

Mode (ADM) Module on Minerals and Rocks!

The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often
used to depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create
and accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a
learner is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant
competencies and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in
your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You
will be enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while being an
active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

This will give you an idea of the skills or

What I Need to Know
competencies you are expected to learn in
the module.

This part includes an activity that aims to

What I Know
check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.

This is a brief drill or review to help you link

What’s In
the current lesson with the previous one.

In this portion, the new lesson will be

What’s New
introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.

2
 This section provides a brief discussion of
What is It
the lesson. This aims to help you discover
and understand new concepts and skills.

This comprises activities for independent

What’s More
practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.

This includes questions or blank

What I Have Learned
sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process
what you learned from the lesson.

This section provides an activity which will

What I Can Do
help you transfer your new knowledge or
skill into real life situations or concerns.

This is a task which aims to evaluate your

Assessment
level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.

In this portion, another activity will be given

Additional Activities
to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of
the lesson learned. This also tends retention
of learned concepts.

This contains answers to all activities in the

Answer Key
module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in

developing this module.

3
The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of
the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your
answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.

If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning
and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

4
 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written to help you to make a plan that the
community may use to conserve and protect its resources for future generations.

1. Identify common rock-forming minerals using their physical and chemical

properties (S11/12ES-Ia-e-4)

1.1 Demonstrate understanding about physical and chemical properties of

minerals;

1.2 Identify some common rock-forming minerals; and

1.3 Classify minerals based on chemical affinity

2. The learners will be able to classify rocks into igneous, sedimentary and
metamorphic (S11/12ESIb- 10).

2.1 Classify and describe the three basic rock types;

2.2 Establish relationships between rock types and the origin and
environment of deposition/formation; and

2.3 Understand the different geologic processes involved in rock formation

3. The learners explain how the products of weathering are carried away by erosion
and deposited elsewhere (S11/12ES-Ib-12).

3.1 Identify the different agents of erosion and deposition

3.2 Describe characteristic surface features and landforms created and the
processes that contributed to their formation

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 What I Know

A. Instruction : Write FACT if the statement is TRUE and write BLUFF if the

statement is FALSE.

__________ 1. Gold is a common metal that is used in electric cables and wires.

__________ 2. The hardest mineral according to Moh’s Scale is diamond.

__________ 3. Fracture is a property of mineral that refers to breaking.

__________ 4. Quartz is classified as Silicate based on its chemical composition.

__________ 5. The two types of mineral according to chemical properties are silicate

and non-silicate mineral.

B. Instruction: Choose the letter of the correct answer.

_____ 6. It is a process wherein a rock will continuously mechanically disintegrate

and chemically decompose through time.

a. Weathering b. Erosion

c. Deposition d. Dilation

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_____ 7. It is a process wherein the sediments will move from higher to lower

location.

a. Weathering b. Erosion

c. Deposition d. Dilation

_____ 8. It is a process wherein fragments will lay on a particular area.

a. Weathering b. Erosion

c. Deposition d. Dilation

_____ 9. It is a tiny rock fragment that was a product of weathering.

a. sediments b. pebbles

c. sand d. grabble

_____ 10. It is an agent of erosion that is generated by tides, tsunamis and seiches.

a. Running water b. Sea waves

c. Glaciers d. Wind

_____ 11. It is formed by heat and pressure changing one type of rock into another

type of rock.

a. Intrusive Rocks c. Sedimentary Rocks

b. Metamorphic Rocks d. Igneous Rocks

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_____ 12. It is formed by weathering, erosion, deposition, compaction, and

cementation of other rocks.

a. Igneous Rocks c. Sedimentary Rocks

b. Metamorphic Rocks d. None of the Above

_____ 13. A type of Igneous Rock formed in the deep part of volcanic vents or crater.

a. Extrusive Rocks c. Clastic Rocks

b. Intrusive Rocks d. Plutonic Rocks

_____ 14. Rocks formed as a result of volcanic activity, hot spots, and melting that

occurs in the mantle.

a. Igneous Rocks c. Metamorphic Rocks

b. Sedimentary Rocks d. None of the Above

_____ 15. It is the where the igneous rock was derived.

a. Magma b. Clay c. Lava d. Pebbles

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Lesson

Minerals and Rocks

2
Minerals, like human-being, have its own properties. These properties may
be different from one mineral to another in terms of its definite crystalline structure
and chemical composition.

In this module, we will talk about the physical and chemical properties of
minerals. Though, chemical properties are hard to see by our naked eye and we
need the help of experts like geologist (an expert that deals with the history of the
Earth’s rock) and mineralogist (an expert that deals with the classification and
properties of each minerals) in performing experiments that will lead us to different
observations about the minerals and rocks. On the other hand, physical properties
are visible and easily determine by the help of our senses.

Moreover, we will also discuss about the Weathering, Erosion and Deposition
and how these processes differ from one another. The different agents of erosion
will also be undertaken such as running water, sea waves, glaciers, wind, ground
water and gravity.

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 What’s In

Instruction: Classify the following words based on Earth’s subsystem:

LAND, WATER, AIR and LIFE.

OXYGEN STRATOSPHERE MAMMALS BACTERIA FISH

OCEAN HUMAN-BEING EXOSPHERE MANTLE ALGAE

LAKES ASTHENOSPHERE CARBON IRON RAIN

WATER LAND AIR LIFE

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 Notes to the Teacher
This module was designed and written to help you to be able to
make a plan that the community may use to conserve and protect
its resources for future generations.

What’s New

Instruction: Base on our topic last time, look for five different rocks in your
backyard and classify it according to their physical properties.

ROCK HABIT SIZE COLOR DENSITY HARDNESS

Guide Question:
1. Does the shape, size and color of the rocks differ from each other?
2. For the density, does the rock float or sink? How many of the rock floats? sinks?
3. Does the rock can be easily break or not? How many of it breaks?
4. Does the rock differ from one another?
5. What do you think would be the cause why rocks differ from one another?

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 Criteria Outstanding (3) Satisfactory (2) Poor (1)

Content All the facts and Some facts and It does not cater the
information are information are not information.
(2x)
present. present.

Coherence The sentences and The sentences within the There is no oneness
paragraphs have paragraph have oneness of idea.
oneness of idea. of idea, but do not have
relation to other
paragraph.

12
 What is It

Hey! Before you continue, please spare some time for this guideline.

Minerals have physical and chemical properties: Physical properties are

known for having its object existence that helps us see, touch, smell, taste and
hear to observe the characteristics of a mineral. Moreover, it can be measured by
physical means such as height, weight and motion. On the other side, chemical
reaction, does not have these characteristics meaning, it is more difficult to observe
using our senses and requires scientific knowledge and skills to determine its
chemical composition and chemical structure.

On the other hand, weathering is a process wherein rock by the presence of

different “weather” starts to physically disintegrate and chemically decompose
forming tiny fragments called “sediment”. After this process, Erosion will occur, as
the segment travels from one place to another by means of different agents, and
lastly Deposition is the process wherein sediments will lay on specific area.

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A. Instruction: Match the name with its descriptors in each number.

Carbonate Density Streak Hardness Fracture

Light transfer Specific Sulfide Cleavage Sulfate

Gravity

Halide Color Malleable Phosphate Luster

Oxide Habit Tenacity Brittle Silicate

__________ 1. It indicates that diamond has the highest resistance for scratching

while talc has the lowest resistance.

_________ 2. It indicates that the mineral has presences of elements bromine,

fluorine, chlorine and iodine atom that is combined to any atom of sodium,

potassium and calcium.

__________ 3. It indicates that the mineral has presences of sulfur and oxygen.

_________ 4. This is a physical property of mineral that can be easily seen by

means of its hue, lightness and saturation.

_________ 5. It refers to the shape of a mineral.

__________ 6. It can be described as brittle, malleable, sectile and elastic.

__________ 7. It indicates that the mineral has presence of one or more atoms of

lead, iron or nickel which is combined to sulfur.

__________ 8. It refers to the ratio of the mineral and other object.

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__________9. It indicates that the mineral has presences aluminium and iron

combined with oxygen.

__________ 10. It refers to the amount of matter in a mineral.

__________11. It is a type of tenacity, where in the mineral shatter into pieces.

__________12. It indicates that the mineral has presences of carbon and oxygen.

__________13. It refers to the tendency of mineral to break or bend.

__________ 14. It refers to the breaking of minerals even if it does not have

cleavage.

__________ 15. It indicates that the mineral has presences of calcium phosphate

combined with different compound.

__________ 16. It refers to the ability of the mineral to produce different line marks

after breaking.

__________ 17. It can be classified as opaque, transparent and translucent.

__________ 18. It indicates that the mineral has presences of silicon and oxygen.

__________ 19. It is a type of tenacity, wherein mineral easily hammered into

different shapes.

__________ 20. It refers to reflection of light and can be categorize as metallic,

submetallic and non-metallic.

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B. Instruction: Fill in the chart to complete the agent of Erosion. Choose your
answer below

NAMES DESCRIPTION EFFECTS

Running 1. Transport sediments by means of

water overland flow and stream flow.
2.

3. 4. Transport sediments with water by

currents and waves.

Glaciers A big block of ice that moves 5.

downside or outward form the
area of accumulation.

6. An air with a strong pressure. 7.

Ground Reserve water in the in- 8.

Water depth part of lithosphere.

Gravity 9. Enables to pull the soil resulting

Mass Wasting or landside.

A pulling force towards the center of Generated by tsunamis, tides and

the Earth. seiches.

Wind Sea waves Lateral, headward and vertical erosion

Pick up sediments to use as a Transport loose and fine sediment from

rubbing material as it pass through. one place to another

Controlled by the size, shape, and Dissolve soluble minerals that cause
depth of bodies of water with velocity hallows.
and volume of water.

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 What’s More

Materials: Colored paper/ construction paper, scissors, pencil/pen, paste and bond
paper/intermediate paper

Instruction:

1. Make three circles with 3 inches diameter each using colored paper.

2. Make twenty pieces of rectangular shape using colored paper.

3. Write IGNEOUS, SEDIMENTARY and METAMORPHIC rock in circle cut-outs.

One word in one cut-out.

4. Write the following in rectangular cut-out, one word in one cut-out.

FELSIC PUMICE PHYLLITE CONGLOMERATE PLUTONIC

BRECIA SLATE INTRUSIVE NON-CLASTIC CLASTIC

OBSIDIAN SHALE QUARTZITE SAND STONE MAFIC

ANDESITE MARBLE EXTRUSIVE SILT STONE SCHIST

5. Classify the following rock whether it is IGNEOUS, SEDIMENTARY or

METAMORPHIC.

6. Answer the following guide question:

a. How can you classify the following rock based on their types.

b. How will you describe an Igneous rock?

c. How will you describe Sedimentary rock?

d. How will you describe a Metamorphic rock?

7. Paste your work on bond paper.

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 What I Have Learned

Instruction: Identify the agent of erosion in the following picture

1. 5.

2. 6.

3. 7.

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 What I Can Do

Instruction: Fill in the concept map with different procedures in rock cycle below.

1. 8.
Igneous
magma
rocks

6. 2.
5.

Metamorphic
rock 7. sediments

3. 9.
4. Sedimentary
rocks

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 Assessment

A. Instruction : Write FACT if the statement is TRUE and write BLUFF if the

statement is FALSE.

__________ 1. Gold is a common metal that is used in electric cables and wires.

__________ 2. The hardest mineral according to Moh’s Scale is diamond.

__________ 3. Fracture is a property of mineral that refers to breaking.

__________ 4. Quartz is classified as Silicate based on its chemical composition.

__________ 5. The two types of mineral according to chemical properties are silicate

and non-silicate mineral.

B. Instruction: Choose the letter of the correct answer.

_____ 6. It is a process wherein a rock will continuously mechanically disintegrate

and chemically decompose through time.

a. Weathering b. Erosion

c. Deposition d. Dilation

_____ 7. It is a process wherein the sediments will move from higher to lower
location.

a. Weathering b. Erosion

c. Deposition d. Dilation

20
_____ 8. It is a process wherein fragments will lay on a particular area.

a. Weathering b. Erosion

c. Deposition d. Dilation

_____ 9. It is a tiny rock fragment that was a product of weathering.

a. sediments b. pebbles

c. sand d. grabble

_____ 10. It is an agent of erosion that is generated by tides, tsunamis and seiches.

a. Running water b. Sea waves

c. Glaciers d. Wind

_____ 11. It is formed by heat and pressure changing one type of rock into another
type of rock.

a. Intrusive Rocks c. Sedimentary Rocks

b. Metamorphic Rocks d. Igneous Rocks

_____ 12. It is formed by weathering, erosion, deposition, compaction, and

cementation of other rocks.

a. Igneous Rocks c. Sedimentary Rocks

b. Metamorphic Rocks d. None of the Above

_____ 13. A type of Igneous Rock formed in the deep part of volcanic vents or crater.

a. Extrusive Rocks c. Clastic Rocks

b. Intrusive Rocks d. Plutonic Rocks

21
_____ 14. Rocks formed as a result of volcanic activity, hot spots, and melting that
occurs in the mantle.

a. Igneous Rocks c. Metamorphic Rocks

b. Sedimentary Rocks d. None of the Above

_____ 15. It is the where the igneous rock was derived.

a. Magma b. Clay c. Lava d. Pebbles

22
 Additional Activities

Instruction: Walk inside your backyard, and look for different changes of rock.
What do you think would be the cause? Write your observation inside the box.

TALK AND WALK

___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________

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 Criteria Outstanding (5) Satisfactory (3) Poor (1)

All the facts and Some facts and The concept map
Content information are information are not does not possess

(2x) present to the present to the concept the concept of the

concept map. map. topic.

The sentences within the

The sentences and paragraph have oneness
Coherence There is no
paragraphs have of idea, but do not have
oneness of idea.
oneness of idea. relation to other
paragraph.

This is very This in not

This is applicable to the
Timeliness applicable to the applicable to the
present situation.
present situation. present situation.

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 25
WATER LAND AIR LIFE
ocean Asthenosphere oxygen oxygen
Oxygen Carbon stratosphere Human-being
lakes Mantle Exosphere mammals
rain iron carbon bacteria
fish
Algae
WHAT’S IN
1. BLUFF 6. A 11. B
2. FACT 7. B 12. C
3. FACT 8. C 13. D
4. BLUFF 9. A 14. A
5. FACT 10. B 15. A
WHAT I KNOW
Answer Key
 26
Guide Question: IGNEOUS SEDIMENTARY METAMORPHIC
FELSIC BRECCIA QUARTZITE
a. based on their properties
MAFIC CONGLOMERATE MARBLE
b. igneous rock are mostly black in
INTRUSIVE SAND STONE SLATE
color and compacted
EXTRUSIVE SILT STONE PHYLLITE
c. Sedimentary rocks have grains
PLUTONIC SHALE SCHIST
d. Metamorphic rocks have smooth
ANDESITE NON-CLASTIC
surface
PUMICE CLASTIC
OBSIDIAN
1. Hardness 6. Tenacity 11. Brittle 16. Steak
2. Halides 7. Sulfides 12. Carbonates 17. Light transmit
3. Sulfates 8. Specific Gravity 13. Cleavage 18. Silicates
4. Color 9. Oxides 14. Fracture 19. Malleability
5. Habit 10. Density 15. Phosphates 20. Luster
WHAT IS IT
 27
1. cooling
2. weathering and erosion
3. compaction and cementation
4. heat and pressure
5. melting
6. heat and pressure 1. gravity 5. running water
7. weathering and erosion 2. sea waves 6. glacier
8. melting 3. wind 7. ground water
9. weathering and erosion 4. ground water
WHAT I CAN DO WHAT I HAVE LEARNED
1. Lateral, headward and vertical erosion.
2. Controlled by the size, shape, and depth of bodies of water with velocity and volume of
water.
3. Sea waves
4. Generated by tsunamis, tides and seiches.
5. Pick up sediments to use as a rubbing material as it pass through.
6. Wind
7. Transport loose and fine sediment from one place to another.
8. Dissolve soluble minerals that cause hallows.
9. A pulling force towards the center of the Earth.
WHAT’S MORE
References
Agsalud, Pricilla Sidney L. et’al. Earth Science. Jimczyville Publication. 2014.pg.
27-44

CHEd Philippines. Teaching Guide for Senior High School

EARTH AND LIFE SCIENCE. 2016

28
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Region III,

Schools Division of Bataan - Curriculum Implementation Division
Learning Resources Management and Development Section (LRMDS)

Provincial Capitol Compound, Balanga City, Bataan

Telefax: (047) 237-2102

Email Address: [email protected]