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    Wargames Illustrated #094

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    Анатолий Золотухин
    This document provides information about miniature figurines available for purchase from Special Forces modeling company. It includes over 100 figurines across different eras and armies depicted in various poses and uniforms. The figurines are hand-painted and can be purchased individually or in sets to populate historical wargaming maps and dioramas. Contact information is provided at the bottom for inquiries.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Wargames Illustrated #094

    Uploaded by

    Анатолий Золотухин
    251 views60 pages
    This document provides information about miniature figurines available for purchase from Special Forces modeling company. It includes over 100 figurines across different eras and armies depicted in various poses and uniforms. The figurines are hand-painted and can be purchased individually or in sets to populate historical wargaming maps and dioramas. Contact information is provided at the bottom for inquiries.

    Original Description:

    Wargame magazine

    Copyright

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    This document provides information about miniature figurines available for purchase from Special Forces modeling company. It includes over 100 figurines across different eras and armies depicted in various poses and uniforms. The figurines are hand-painted and can be purchased individually or in sets to populate historical wargaming maps and dioramas. Contact information is provided at the bottom for inquiries.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    251 views60 pages

    Wargames Illustrated #094

    Uploaded by

    Анатолий Золотухин
    This document provides information about miniature figurines available for purchase from Special Forces modeling company. It includes over 100 figurines across different eras and armies depicted in various poses and uniforms. The figurines are hand-painted and can be purchased individually or in sets to populate historical wargaming maps and dioramas. Contact information is provided at the bottom for inquiries.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 60
    At a glance
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    The document is advertising model building services for historical buildings and terrain for collectors, wargamers and museums. A variety of scales and customizations are available.

    The document mentions making models of historic buildings and terrain features at various scales to add detail to gaming terrain.

    Details provided about the models include that they are built to customer instructions and focus on craftsmanship and historical accuracy. They can include larger illustrated models as well as simpler individual pieces.

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    as p€ origin tly WargarnesFoundry W.r of
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    haur.t p..k .o!r.i! rd fisrB (Sorry, hde ems de nor atailalle
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    For funher listinSs, seeout
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    nan ttotu ctqs tnn &
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    Arl9Madhg''...''''''','3lo fgur6,!o" in lsmm M€tal
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    aR22 cti'ghe . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33-50
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    ur.had Ir bow(s& re nd h. "Hm.nr' tmn" 1/600 dl€ Ade.
    dsd,*m9 .....-.. r25.e5 ian Civil wd Naml ru15 (p€rld fot
    Conrinenhl T.ooF in tlqnti.g th€ P.r.i Pi8 civil war $verin€
    shiF)........ . . . . . . . . . . . $6.40

    NOTE Br@thust Hobbi6 is L\e


    SOLI Nodh Ah.rid a8.nt for
    ARlsAdv's'Te.nHal''',,3350 Polly Oliv€r (Ad.iitu R.volr
    rion GngE),S.DD' PeEr Pi& and
    aRns adv.q.LEhrrnrcrp... i?50

    Aiert6i, 17'9 Regut.tion Qumtity DiFcormls :re


    Availabl€ for lffge Ord€rs
    Ail13Madh&TrtonHrl'.3350 - Contlct Us for Detailsl
    nd tudr edb shtsr whet
    ed Fdt figmhdd 6!b, Trade and Derle.
    ARr26 Srmdhs,SroldrHr . . . . 3350 od' nd, n6ss, sd €Ptu Inquiri€€ are Welcomel

    To reqtest ^ snecific listing' - U.S. Custom€rs. Please


    send a sef-addressed stamped envelope (SASE) with
    IMPoRIEDHoBBYPFoDucTsFAoMAFOUtttD
    tUe WAIO' 524 stamo face value. ItrteEatidal CustomeF. Pleas€
    12188BrcokhurstStre€t/Carden Crove,CA 9 AO,U.S.A. s€nd a s€if-addr€ss€d €nvelope (sAE) with two IRcs.
    Phone (714) 6363580 during stor€ hours (U.s. Pacific
    Tine) or useour 24hour fax nun'ber: (714)53&9150
    We ale acc€pt cheks fd d66ric U.s
    Slor. lto@: Mon.-'Illu.1030AM to 8 PM(20:00);
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    10

    HEROICS ROSFIGURES
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    SUDANRANGE(1880's) J'
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    sD7|fulridd4.kft'bryd er6 Eordi idnry{d! ir!

    sElfulri*d!.@bE $j6eo'&^ifuyd4tr!' $ijh4fu,MEolbi!fudd|q


    $leEo!6ihhnryd.c.d4etne
    sdl|'Ml@!44brd $j10Es'fuifurryMiEii4
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    sDs|i6il4mdE.d59 $f|d9dii4hfu€!}'biffidj&p

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    $f7 g|j.,Ertur1hl.qdr6.trdt 9PFlqsdffifufu.[t|!xd
    $|sst|j|l*iibyh!qlHqji4
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    $gMddilffitu4clt4dn

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    s87fufr4'fuM sol$FldE,Ddi4tk

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    14

    HASTINGS
    IN THEDININGROOM
    by Anthony Clipsom

    De Be is Antiquitatis(DBA) is one of wargaming'ssuccess bringthearmysizebackdownto an appropdatesize.


    stories. Coming after years of increasing complexity in rule CommandStructure
    writing,itmanagedto catchthe moodof Ancientsplayersfor a Armies of the Middle Ages had a recognisable command
    little light relief. It is, to some extent, an examPleof the structure,withthearmydividedinto divisions underaleader.ln
    wargaming "Holy Gmil", a set of rules *hich capturesthe feel conlrast.the commandstructurein DBA is simplisticin the
    of a period which can be written on the back of the proverbial extreme.Thereis one generalandthat is that. However,any
    attemptto realistically duplicatearmystructuregoesagainsa the
    For me, DBA hasopenedup new wargamingpossibilities. natureofthe rules.A compromise is to allowanarmyto deploy
    With no local club and a young family, my wargaming sub-commanders, who contributeto thePIPtotalandalsohave
    opportunitiesare Iimited.Chanceslol aclionrn my lavourile a chanceoftaking commandif the generalfalls.If a fixedPIP
    oiriod. Medieral.wereevenmorelimiled.Sincethe adventof additionis madefor the sub-commanders, the plesenceof a
    bBA, our occasionalwargaming cell has managedto run a commandstructurereducesthe helplessness in casesof a low
    seriesof mini-campaignsalong the lines of those in the rules. dicethrow.
    What'smore, DBA is quick and smallscale,which enables The change in ground scale means that it h virtually
    battles to be foughl ifl an evening on the dining room table imDossible for trooDsto be outsidecommandndius As the
    againstmy regularopponent,my wife Helen. DBA commandradiusof 1200pacesis far too high for Medieval
    For atl that, DBA isn't perfect.In orderto makethingsfast wafare an].ray, tbis is halved for the army commanderand
    andsimple,it tendsto makeblackandwhitedistinctions, like
    reducedby a factor of four for the sub-commanders. ln
    the armyis fully functionalor it is defeated,or an elementis addition.lthinkthatacommander\ability1ocontrolhistroops
    eitheraliveor dead.It also,due to its wide tinescale,makes fell dramaticallyoncehe enteredcombat,so I allowonly the
    great generalisations about troop types. Wlile the rules commander'sown element to be in commandin lhese
    encourage battlesonlyagainsthistoricalopponents, evenwithin
    this constraint,different troop typeswill be classifiedthe same
    Someof theseproblemshave been tackledin DBA'S big Troop Typ€s
    brother. D? Be i: Multitudininis (DBM), which has been The limited number of calegoriesof troops makes the
    designed for largerbattles.However,althoughit is possibleto differentiationbetweentroops. even in a singlecampaign,
    fight DBM actionson the small scaleI requir€ (aboul 100 difficult.The armywhichis easiestto duplicateisthe Norman,
    points),the additionalcomplexityofDBM isoffputting.After whichcanbe doneusirgtherulesastheystand.
    some thought, I decidedthe way forward foi me was to For the Englisharmy,it is necessary to distinguishbetween
    customise DBA. two classes of spearmen in the Fyrl, the superior Select
    Thebasicparameters wereto maintainthedesignphilosophy Fyrdmenandthe inferiorFyrd Militiamen The latterneednot
    ofDBA asfar aspracticable; simpleandabstractmechanisms, onlytobe inferiorto theircountrymen, but alsoto theNorman
    usingasfewthrowsofoneordinarydieaspossible and no record mercenary spearmen, I settled on an overall reductionin
    keeping.I assume some with
    farniliarity both DBA and DBM fighting power as most appropriate forthese inferiorspearmen
    (fromwhichI havetakenmanyideasandclarifications) burl m With the Norwegianarmy.the situationis not helpedby the
    suremostpeoplewho havereadthisfar will havethe requisite totallyinaccurateclassification of Vikingsas warband in the
    knowtedge. As a format,Ihavetriedto separateexplanationforarmy lists in the rules.The bulk ofthe Vikingarnyr{asmadeuP
    changes ftom listsof thosechanges, for ease of.eference for of members of the Norwegian national le\T, the leiddnS,who
    anyonewho wantsto try out mysugSeslons. foughtnot as wild warbandsbut as steadyheavyinfantry.As
    My effortssofar havebeenconcentrated in twotimeperiods: such,they too wereon a par with the EnglishSelectFyrdmen
    theNormanConquestandtheHundredYearsWar.Thisarticle andthe Normanspearmen. Theycouldtherefore,be dePloyed
    concenffates on the fomer camPaign, although many of the assuch. However, one could alsodeploythenassomeform of
    modifications ar€ used for both periods. For completenessI inferiorBlades,as suggested in the DBM army lists.As this
    haveincludedsomearmylistsfor 1066. seemsa rcasonable interpretationandseNesto addvarietyto
    anyrefightofthe campaign,Idecidedtotakethisoption.lnthis
    caseI decidedon a reductionin fighiingpoweragainstBlades
    MODIT"TINGTHE RIJLES and Spearsto make them the equivalentof SPearsin good
    going. I kept the superiorityagainstArchers a d Psiloi,
    Army Sir.€ reasoninq that the numberof archenin the ranks*ould given
    The answe;to this questionseemsobvious.DBA speofies12 them s;e advantage-Against Ituights, I again reduced
    elements andifwe scaleup 12elementstoa full scaleamy, we effectiveness,binging their vulnerability closerto spears
    get approximately6,000 men, an appropriate sizeof army for
    the period.However,24elements hasits advantage. Thelarger
    forcefills the battlefieldmore, encouraging the head-to-head It is unfortunately truethatDBA doesnot simulatearcheryvery
    confrontations typical of this period- The greater number of well. It does not take much effort to work out why. Massed
    elements makethe resultlesslikely to be settled on a couple of archery in the Middle Ageshad two main effects.Obviously, it
    luckydicethrows.Twentyfour elements, but a siflglecommand causes casualties.Italso,by causingcasualties or eventhrough
    die (hereafterrcfered to by its DBM title, thePIPdie),means the fear of suffering casualties,disrupts formations. DBA,
    that group movementis also encouraged. Finally, it givesa through its push back system,actually reflectsdisruption quite
    chanceto play around a little more with almy composition, well. While it will not noma y affect the ability of a group to
    introdu€ingthe ideaof elementequivalents from DBM, which move together(as it does under DBM), it does lead to a
    in turn allowsa slighdy more sophisiicatedmoralesystemto be disrupted frontage, allowing enemi€sin close combat to gain
    used.Using24elements,the groundscale needsto be halvedto overlaDs.However. archervhasno noticeableeffect in termsof
    €asualtiesin mostsituations.This is becauseelementsare either
    tully functional or destroyed.w1ile it is possibleto imaginea
    force of knightsriding down anddestroing a force of speamen
    in one dramatic charge, it is difficult to imagine a force of op.:c',goDs
    archersrcndedng the samespeaJln.en hors de combatwith one
    devastatingvolley. The rule wnters had, therefore, to makethis pp]ooUuctior].s
    anex[emelyudikely possibility, if not impossible. lt is possible
    to destroy elementsby concentrating the shootitrg
    archenon individualelements,but, unlesstheyhaveno target
    of lines of
    WARRIORS
    to their front, this is not a realisticdepictionof archerytactics.
    Unfortunately, I canthink ofno mechanismto overcomethis ofthe IDARITAGTS
    t 5mn Figuines detignea b! Tim Ha am
    problem that fits easily within the DBA system.I toyed with
    savingthrows, but really thesejust adjust th€ probabilities of Pdhaps the n6t flGsfut wanior oJhn ghmtion rides onto rh.
    destroyingan element,whichdoesn'treallytacklethe central satgama
    - @bl. thk momh. wilian th. B6tord. Duht oJ
    Nonand!, kng oJ th. Enilith - th. Conqum.
    problem. A better solution is a steppedsystemof destructionof
    elements, asin someboardgames. element An forced to recoil A nagnrent .n. pd. .dainq. wittion i \en on a Nrina
    .hatto, pdtina o \rln moil hdnbcth, pu\hina h^ hplm?ttothc
    by archeryis damaged,which affects its combat performance. bo.l ol -
    - h^ hdd d ld Honiaa.. Hc it dm?iwi6 d il.d ond
    The problem with this is it adds a need to rccord damaged aa.ulus , th. sood.; n ddg.l ot duhonry.
    elements. The ideal way would be to have a supply of A.tomporying th. Dlhc ^ Iu^tin b Bpt . th. papal randod beapr
    at Horting!, Aqain thi. i! d on. pi... .dtting , ho\? tldo harto bP
    rcplacementdamagedelements,completewith casualtyfi-
    gures.Alas,thiswouldbe expensive. Anotherwayis to record
    the status of each element on paper. While this violates the
    paperlessspirit of DBA, it is perhapsthe most flexible way. lf rmrw l,lHi:i:;,iJl,'"fii:'"il""1i1'j:ii:Sl'
    tl[tou.to tt.:pa
    o n ep j c i . i a r i i n B r
    you number or can othereviseidentify your elements, all you
    would needis a sheetof A4 preparedat the start of the game.A
    cornpromiseis to physicallymark the damagedelementson the
    table. I've su€cesstullydone this using litde self-adhesive
    colouredspotsattachedto tbe base.It canalsobe donewith the
    reinforcingings for file paperslippedover figures'headsor
    weapons, but I think thisis a bit ugly.
    Thereare otherproblemswiti DBA'S handlingof archery.
    One is lhar maximumarcheryrangeis tbe sameas minimum
    move distance$hich means that archers have no chance,to TWODRAGONS
    escapean enemycounter-attack. lndeed,mosttroop typescan
    attack from outside archery range, which meansthey are in
    PRODUCTIONS
    closecombatwith archersbefore the latter canloosean arrow.
    Thesimplest wayto dealwith thisproblemistoincrease archery appearthat they were successful on at least one occasion,
    ranges.U ortunately,200 pacesis a perfectlyreasonable surroundingand destroyingabodyof Fyrdnen.Theproblenis,
    maximum archeryrange. The obvious solution is to cut move did theEnglishrushoutafterthe Normansspontaneously or as
    distances,which ishowDBMtacklesthisproblem.Whilemore part of an ill-conceived,but sanctionedpunuit? Who wastaken
    trouble, it is worth it to allow archersmore chanceof openting
    historically colrectly. How do we recreatethe feigned flight at Hastings?The firsr
    The final problem is th€ curious death rvish archersdevelop part of the equationis simple.The rulesalreadyallow cavalryto
    whenorderedintobad going.Now it is absolutely clearthat,in break off contactwith inJantryreasonablyeasily. The sanction
    earlyMedieval warfar€,archerswere considered to be effective pursuit option is aho simple for, althoughthe opposingplayer
    in difficultterain. Whyin DBA closeorderspearmen aremore knowsthe flight is not real, it still throwsthe troopsdoing it into
    effectivein a woodor marshthanarchersescapes me. In fact, total confusionand an attackin thesecircumstanc€scanwin the
    rhe oniy inlanlry sorse than archen in bad eoing are camp battle,especially ifthe No'rmanforcehaslostenoughelements.
    followerslIt could be arguedthat archerslose their distant It isa gamble.Getit rightandthereis no NormanConquest, get
    shootingeffectin badgoing,burtheirclosecombatskillsshould it wrongand historyrepeatsitself-Ideally,I would alsohave
    be unaffected. liked to allowthe spontaneous punuit option,but I couldnot
    develop a simple mechanism. Just defining the circumstancesin
    lmpetuocityand Feign€dFlight
    which it might happen and which troops might be prone to it is
    I group thesetogetherboth becausethey interact and because
    difficult. Overall. therefore. I decided to missit out.
    they both reflecta basicproblemin DBA that thingsdon't
    happenunlessa player wantsthemto. In DBM, certain types of Morale
    troops are imp€tuous,attackingunlesspoints are spentto keep It maybesaidthatthegreatadvantage of DBA asa competition
    them in place.This systemcould be usedin DBA to make wargameis a clearendpoint.Like boxing,youhavea knockout
    certaintroops(e.9.knights)harderto control.BeforeI added route and points route to victory. You kill the generalor 1/3of
    this considerable conplexity,however,I lookedagainat the the army.Although,in broadterms,thk is howopenbattledid
    battlesthattookplace.Exceptin connection with feignedflight resolveitselfintheancientworld,it comesasa shockto thoseof
    at Hastings,thereis no signofimpetuousbehaviour.It seems ususedto complexmoralesystems. while it wouldlosea great
    that either the commanders had their men under confol or deal of DBA'S charm to bolt on such a system,in a
    impeauosity wasmoretemperedby tacticalcircumstance than non-competitiongame, wecanbealittle lessabruptinthisarea.
    somewould admit. I thereforedecidedit wasn'tworth the The idea is to staywith the sametwo basiccausesof army
    addition of rulesto coversomethingthat wasnot a major factor. collapse:panic resultingfrom the deathof a command,and
    Feigned flight presentsa difrerent problem. There is little attrition.The introductionof a commandstructuremeansthat
    doubt that the Norman cavalry at Hastingspretended to run the lossof thegeneralneednot meansuddendeath,but thereis
    awayto drawthe Engtishout of their positions.It *ould also srilla possibiliry thallhearmywill panrcandflee.
    I6

    STARFORTMODETS
    Fot d coroplele r(sr€re ot lslom defensive wqlls,
    to\r€rs €lc, tolo Ancl€Dts lo NopoleoDics.
    Fully lllusttqt€cl ccdcdognretelth scdl€ pldns.
    Sead 91 + A4 SSlf to:
    tt lrnlet GFng. tal, L.d. lst 2 3Q,B.

    Two shotsof a Da* Agesgame- not entiely dissimilorto the


    struggleon SenlacHiI - stagedbt thencn from OA Gbry at last
    yeals Panizan at Kelham Ha . (The 25ntn men are abo lrom
    OUGloit!)

    For the attrition effect, I split the army's morale into good, commdes. The command and control problems rcflect the
    shakenand broken. For simplicity, I chosethe break point as gadual loss of minor leadersand the problemsof motivating
    the lossof half the elementequivalentsin the army. While few wavenngtroopsto act-
    armies fought until they had lost half their men, it must be
    rcmemberedthat the loss of an element doesnot meanall the
    menwho makeit up are dead,jusi that they are in no condition RULEMODIFICATIONS
    to fight on as a body of men. The boundary between good
    momle and shakenis also arbitrarily chosenat one quarter of Sizp of Arni€s: These consist of 24 el€ment €quivalents.
    elementequival€ntsdestroyed.The shakenphasereflects tlvo Elementequivalentsare asfollows:
    asp€ctsof the declineof army competence;reductionin fighting CommandElement: 2
    ability and commandand control problems. The reduction in Psiloi: h
    fighting ability canbe rationalisedby sayingthat thoseelements OtheE: 1
    who arein combatar€ suff€ringincreasinglyftom casualtiesand
    exhaustion. Those elements not y€t committed have their GroutrdScale:This is half that givenin the rules,i.e. for 25mm,
    morale and will to fight undermined by the lossesto their lmm = I pace;for l5mm, 1mm= 2 paces.
    lr

    1 pdir of pi.t of sohl( of tht \onnu"\ anl Su\o$ "t I \o Drtgan Ptududions ]ji"n Dark A{s rungc.ln,i tt tlltLritn ol TDP
    dtsilnet & ptopritot ltln HallnDt.wntlttlb\ fr.elatl.et Mick (aolttg.

    C o m m a n dS t r u c t u r e A r l l r r n r i . s . r u \ I h r \ c r t c o n n r : r n . l . .r n J C l o s ef t ' m b a t m o d i l i e r s T
    : s..\trx m)difrcr!rr|,..rsii' ()
    up ro lso \ut. ( . n r . r r n d . r \ . I l 1 \ \ o \ u h c o m n r r n d e r sa r e u s e c l . ' I ( lr ' r ' ' l \ \ " r. .1._ '.
    l
    o n e r u n b . I ) o n r i r r r l . dr s s . . o n d r n c o m m r . d .
    C ( n n r , r d e r s e l e m e r r \h . r \e a c o r n n r n dr r c l i r \ o f 6 ( l l rp ! . e \
    i \ i k i n ! / . r l l , r . qx g l i . . t B h d c ! . S p c : r ro\ r K I l i g h t si n . s o o d
    S u h c o n m r n d e r \ ' c l e m e n r sh r \ e r c o n n n r n d r r . l i u s o f l 0 l r
    p ! . . s . t - r ) m h i . d r r . ! D d ( u h c o m n r r n d e r sl n c l o - \ cl o m t ! r
    I F \ r d m i l i t i xi n g o o dg o r n s
    r . L I u c . l h . i r c ( n n m r n LrIl t d i u s1 o I h ! i r o s n p e 6 o n . r lc l r n r . n t
    I D r m x s c d b \ d r n x n rs h o o r i n g
    T r o o t s r r . o u r ! f c o . r n ] l i n di f I h . \ r r e o u l s i d el h e c o n r n r r n d
    f u d i r \ o . . , ' t i n l i . r o i s i g h t o f c i t h . r r h c c n n r n r n d c r o r r l n r d d i l i o n r. r c h c r ! f o l o n g c r r . . . i \ . : \ h c n i . c l o s r c o m b r L

    S u l r - c . n n r x n ! l f r !h x r c t h . s x m . . o n r b r l b o . L r su s c o n r r n a L o s so f C o n r n a n d e r :l f t h e c o n m r n d c r i \ l ( x t . t h r o \ o n . d i c
    a n d r d d 1 r r e fs u b c o m n r n r d . .n i l l i n p h \ . I l t h . \ c o . c i \ c q u r l
    P l P d i & : T h . r r n r \ t h r . \ so r c d i . r t \f . r r n r l b u l r d d \ l P I P f . r I o o r l e \ sr h a nI h e f L r n b c ro l c l . n r . n t c q u i \r l c n l \ l o n . t h c r r m \
    \ u b c o m n r r n d . .t o ! i \ . i I \ P I P I { , t ! p a n l c s . r n d f l e e s i h c f i . l dl i t h c d r n \ d o c s . o t f l c c . r h c\ c c o n di n
    c o r J r m a nbde c o m e \ t h ec o m m n n d . r .b u l l o \ c \ h i ! r d d i r i o nf u t h c
    U { t r t d i s t a n . r sT
    : h r \ c l r . h r l i t h o s c! i \ . n i r I h e r u l e i .
    P i P s c o r c .. \ r m i r \ \ r r h n o r e m r i n i n ss L r tcr o n n n r n d e 1p5. r r i c
    D i s l a n st h o o i i n gE: l . n r c n L \ . c c . t r i n !r r c c o i lr c \ u h i i o m d r n a n l rnd ilc. immcdirL.l\
    s h o o l i n - sr i . ' I l o s . o n \ i d . r c d d r n r ! . d l)irnlsed elencnt!
    { r n r d e m o r . t l i s r l i o nI :h e a n n t l r ! h r sr ! . n o n n l l u r r l i li r h r s l o s l
    lorc.dlofe.orlsuifernolddirronllril.lf.cr , i e l e r e n re q u nr ' l . n t s
    18
    Where an army has lost between7 and 11 elements,all
    elementsin combatdeduct-l from their combatscore.In
    addition,for eachelementequivalentabovesix lost, deductI
    MACEDONIANS Other Ancient Rrnses
    ltp€'ch Byzantine Hun
    from thearmy'sPIP total. !!&!!E Lar€Roman Arab
    An armyrvhichloses12elementequivalenisis automatically Sassar;d
    demoralised. Mongols
    Samation Viking
    ARMY LISTSFORT066 HanCbin€s€ lndian
    Normans Goths
    English M3 Thnrjin sith Rh.nFni. Selucids Blerme
    RoyalHousecarles(Bl) {-l-8 elements New KingdomEgyptid
    (Bl)
    Earls'Housecarles
    selectFyrdmen(Sp) 8-lSelements
    FyrdMilitia(Sp)
    Archersandslingen
    Lithsmen(Bl)
    (Ps)
    0-6 elements
    0-2 el€ments
    0-2 elements Ml5
    '$ncld
    ni$ Ja\el;
    ffiffi
    I 'iT,1;iTiifiS#^
    I
    Royalhousecarles mayonlybepresenti{Harold commandsthe
    army. L-_-.:J
    The coreof the Englishforcesin 1066werethe housecarles, Clvalrv 23p erch
    the household troopsof King andthe earls.Until recently,the
    royalhousecarles, in particular,wereconsidered to havebeena
    smallstandingarmy,perhaps3,000strong.This viewhasnow
    been challengedand it is suggestedthat the number of MCJ GetHa\\ Cakl^
    'Ile$alfn
    MC5 Her$ ca\slry
    housecarles availableto HaroldGodwinsonwasmuchsmaller-
    manyof whom were settledon their estatesand would have MC? Elepha+2c6r{l:t
    beencalledup only in time of war. The list allowsyou to choose MC8 Cn€k L€ht CaralD
    the interprctationyou prefer.The bulk of anyEnglisharmyof MC9 lrrdt.e L€nt Caralo
    this period wasthe Fyrd. The majority oI the Fyrdmen present MC l0 B.ch.n Lietr Ca\alry II
    MCll Mac€teliet Caulry
    at any battlewouldhavebeenwell-equipped mendrawnfrom MC tl Macdbe Hea\! car"l^
    aroundthe country,the so-calledselectFyrd.The Fyrd militia
    (alsocalledthe greaterFyrd) wasthe lely of all free menfor
    localdefence, whichwouldhav€providedrelativelyfewmenin
    anygivenlocation.A fewFyrdmenwouldcany bowsor slings. Brelonsmay owe more to Normanprejudicethan reality, it
    Mercenaryshipcrews,calledlithsm€n,may also have s€rved doesaddvarietytothe army.Theinfantrywouldhaveincluded
    ashore.Thesewouldhavebeenequippedlike the Norwegian mercenaries, {eudalsupponenof knightsand perhapssome
    Letlang, andcanbe playedassuch. poorer knightswhose horsescould not be transported,so
    Norwegians qualitywasof a par with the EnglishSelectFyrd.The Norman
    Housecarles(Bl) 1-5 elements archers were used to soften up the English, rather than as
    Leidang(Bl) 13-22elenents skirmishers,so are classifi€das Archers proper. The great
    Archen (Ps) 0-6 elements debateas to whetherthere were crossbowmen at Hastings
    unfortunatelv doesnot affectthe armvlist underDBA.
    Like their English counterparts, the Norwegian forces had a
    core of housecarles servingthe King and his leadingrnen.
    However,Norwaywasa poorercountrythanEnglandandthe SELECTBIBLIOGRAPHY
    numberofNorwegian housecarleswassmaller.Themajorityof
    Hanld Hardrada'sarmywerefrom the Leidang,the Scandina- The Rules
    lian equilalent of the EnglishFyrd. The Norwegianarm) \NRG.De Be isAntiquitatr (DBA), March1990.
    probablycontainedquitea fe\r bowmen,but thesewouldhave INRG.De Be h Multintdini'(DBM), February1993.
    foughtin theranksof theshieldwall. Howevei,it ispossiblethat
    Pfus numerousnotes and articles in Slingshotand Watgames
    theycouldhave alsobeen deployedasskirmisheE,sothe option
    of usingthen asPsiloiis given.
    The Arni€s of 1066
    Thereare dozensof articlesandbookson the campaign.For the
    hishts(Kn) 5-9 elements
    (Cav) armies,the beginnercoulddo worsethanconsultthe following,
    BretonKnights 2-3 elenents which
    are written with the wargamerin mind:
    spearmen(sp) &l3elements
    Ar€hers(Bw) 4-6 elements ChdsGravett,Hastings1066(Osprey1992)
    lanHeath, Amies of the Ddl,t ,4ser (WRG 1980)
    The numberof Knightsshouldnot ouhumber the numberof
    Tetry Wise,1066Ye of Desnny(Osprey 19791
    BretonKnightsby morethanthreeto one-
    Despitethe commonperceptionofthe Normansasan almy Heath and Wise give a good run down of the evidenceof the
    of mailedknights,the problemsof transpo ing hones aqoss organisation ofthe threearmies,includingtheolderviewof the
    the Channelmeantthey wereprimarilyan infantryforce,like Englishforces.Gravettincludesthe new interpretationof the
    theiropponents. However,because a cavalryelementcontains Englishhousecarles andfyrd.
    only approximately half the men of an infantry element,the
    proportion of cavalrylooks higher. The mountedarmy is
    divided betweenFrench,Fl€mishand Norman knights and
    Breton knights.The latier are classifiedas Cavalrydue to a
    comDarative reluctance to set stuckin. While this view ofthe
    l9

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    27

    "It ls settled:theNegroufififlght!"
    TheAlirtcan.Amcrlcan
    Soldlertn theCtvtlWar
    By DavidBickley
    Readersof any of my previous offerings in this magazineor South then under his command. When Lincolo found it
    visitorsto the displaygamesstagedby Phil Robinson,Matthew expedientto repudiate Hunter's move, on the grcunds that he
    andmyselJover the pastthree yearsat manyMidland showswill had exceededhis authoity, Hunter's responsewasto raisethe
    probably haveguessedby now that I suffer from an addiction: I 1stSouthCarolina (African Descent)infanty regiment.At first
    am addicted to the marvellous American Gvil War figures th€ regimentwasordereddisbanded,but later it wasauthorised
    sculDtedand narketed bv Trevor Dixon of Dixon Minhtur€s. by Congress.In the following year two morc suchdesignated
    My;olection of Federali and ConfEderatesgrows ever more regimentswere mised.
    expansivewith each new releaseof figures as I "just have to The needto mise troops to rcplace the steadylossof men on
    have one or two of those new ones!" Thus it was that I first the battlefields and in the hospitals ensuredthat the issueof
    rccruited somenegrosoldien to my ranks,oDlyoneunit at first; 'Colored Troops' would not be limited to an obscurcargument
    but then, with eachnew releasecamethe temptatiotrwhich oDly of contrastingpolitical philosophies,but would be at the cenfe
    the true addict can comprehend. I could not resist, as unit of the struggleto first preservethe Union and then to bring the
    folowed unit, until l could field two brigades. 'Emancipation Proclamation' into reality by defeating the
    Having addedtheseunits to my forces,it becameincreasingly armies of the ConJederacy.Massachusettsand Connecticut
    necessaryto researchandiDterpretfor the tabletop scenariosin added to the now seemingly inexonble march towards the
    which my 'Colored Troops' could honoumbly and gallantly integation of African-Americansinto the fighting forcesof the
    panicipate. This article hasgown out ofthat processandseeks Union by their raisingStateRegimentsof'Colored Trcops': the
    to offer for my fellow gamersof the American Civil War a 5rh Massachusetts(Colored) Cavalry, together with the 54th
    choice of scenariosin which their own 'Colored Trcops' c-an and 55thMassachusetts (Colored) lnJanty the former of Fort
    march to glory across their tabletop battlefields. 'RiDg the Wagnerfame, immortalisediD the motion picture 'Glory' and
    Jubile€!' the 29th Connecticut (Colored) Infantry. As other units were
    raisedthey werc taken into Federalserviceand redesiglatedas
    'United StatesColoredTroops' underthe control of the Bureau
    A BRIEFACCO{INTOF TIIE RAISINGOF of C-olorcdTroops, opemting within the War Department by
    COLOREDTROOPS the sunmer of 1863.Theseunits of'Colored Trcops' werc to be
    'Free Military Schoolfor Applicantsfor
    African-Americans were first acceptedinto the servicoof the led by white officers. A
    United Statesgovemment during the Civil war as a consequ- Commard of Colorcd Troops' was establishedin Philad€lphia
    ence of an act passedin July 1862.In all sone 186,000 to help aspiringofficers. Thesemen hadto passtestsin military
    African-Americans served in 120 infantry regim€nts, 13 knowledge,mathematics,geographyand history andsowereto
    artilery regirnentsand sevencavalryregimentsduring the war. be educatedmen with active service rccords. Generally they
    The passageof these 'men of color' into the seflice of their were a cut abovethe averageVolunteer officer, but manywere
    countrywasneithereasynor smooth. held back from taking up such positions by the generaly low
    At the outsetof the war few Americansoutsideof the militant prestige enjoyedby commands in 'Colored'units.
    abolitionist circles would have thought of their AJrican,
    American fellow €ountrymenasan'thing other than 'property'. During the Civil War the 'Colored' units made up lessthan
    GeneralssuchasMcclellan evenfelt it their 'duty' to return the 1070 of the Union amies, y€t their casualty mte was
    runaway slaveswho reached Federal lines to their 'mastels', disproportionately high; some 30,000v/ere to die during the
    Many northem boys flocking to their country's call had never war, 3,000 on the battlefield, th€ remainder in hospitals or
    even seena negro, Although Ahtcan-Americans formed and campsof their woundsor of disease-A number of African -
    ddlled units aqossthe nonhem statesthek efforts to enlistor to Am€ricansoldien were awardedthe Medal ofHonor - fourteen
    have their units adopted for Federal seffice were almost at New Market Heights, though some had to wait an
    uniformly unsuccesstul.They werc tumed away by the War unbelievablethirty yearsto receiveit! At the conclusionof the
    Department\ official policy, "This Department has no inten- war almost 100 African-Americans had been Dromotedfrom
    tion at present to call into service of the Govemment any tbe ranks to becomeo6cers. the bighesrr;nking being a
    coloredsoldiers,"But the issuewascentmlto the war in the surgeon,LieutenantColonelAugustana.
    minds of many African-Americans and their fellow white It would be very wrong to suggestthat these 'men of color'
    abolitionists. "The colored American cannotbe indifferent . . . rverereceivedwith enthusiasn by aU,or even the majodt, of
    Out of this strife will comeour freedom." their white felow soldiers.Respectwas slowly and gudgingly
    It was Major General Benjamin Butler who fi^t advaned eamed by conduct in often the most desperateand deadly of
    the issueof the runawayslaveby his declarationthat they were circudstances,such as at the attack on Fort Wagner, at the
    'contrabandof war', and his consequentr€fusalto retum them
    Battle of the Crater, or at the Battle of New Market Heights, or
    south, realisingthat they were a significantcontribution to the by the widespreadpublic outrageat the newsof the Fort Pillow
    CooJederatewar etrort. ln the san€ year, 1862,Major G€neral
    DavidHunterdeclaredslavery'abolished'inthe Districtof the

    Opposite: Tro vieutsoI the fne A.C.W. gamesuged by thc sdaxh-built buiAings have hoardings bearing the names ol
    author & hi\ confedemte (smaI 'c') Phil Robitson (rhc fonous (7??) waryamen. (Not quik swe ulhy I got the livery
    Wolvethampton one) al Pattizan'95 at Kelham HaI lal stabk . . .)
    month. Figtes arc mainlt Diton Mi"iatures 25mn. The
    22
    --,1\ *Tg
    TWO SCENARIOSFORTHE TABLETOP ---
    I seemto recall that in an e rlier isslleof WaryamesI ustated,
    or perhapsits forerunner, there was an accountof the attacks
    made on Fon Wagner near Charleston, Soutft Carolina. For
    that reasonI havedecidedto limit the scopeof this article to two
    Sfll+r,y'-
    actionsfought during the siegeof PeteNburgand Richmondin
    1864-1865.The Battle of the Crater offers the Civil war I
    enthusiastboth the chanceto stagean historical rccreation of I
    I
    the events following the explosion of the mine under the
    Conlederatetrenchesand to explore the possibleoutcomesif
    Grant and Meade had not shrunk from their plan to use a
    Colored spearheadto their surpriseattack. The Battle oI New
    Market Heights offels a different sc€narioof an assaulton a
    strongly prepared position and the difficulty of managing
    superiornumbersin the face of determinedresistanceand
    ditricult field defences.
    u
    -,lrrnirn,.-

    TIIE BATTLE OFTIIE CRATER,30July 1E64


    From 4 May 1864,when the Army of the Potomac beganits
    movesouthwith the intention of confrontingand destroyingthe
    ConfederateAImy of Northem Virginia, Federal forces had THE PETERSBURGTHEATREOF
    executeda number of left flanking movementsfollowing each
    bloody and largely indecisiveclash, from the Wildemess, to oPEMT|ONS, 1864.
    Spotsylvania,to Cold Harbor. After nine daysof observinghis
    enemy, Grant shiJtedthe Army oI the Potomac south again,
    acrossthe Jamesto threaten Petersburgby 15 June. The clty municationtrenches.Grant realisedthat all this diggingwould
    had assumedincreasingimportance to the Confedemtecause. avail him but little unlessthe railroads supplyingthe city could
    Through its five railroads suppliesand mateials necessaryto be cut. They now becamethe focusof his planninganddirection
    fuel I-ee'swar effons continuedto reachthe Army of Northem of the activitiesof the Army of the Jamesand the Army of the
    virginia. Grant reason that if the oty could be taken then Potomac.First. on 21 June.he attackedthe WeldonRailroad
    Richmondmustnecessarily follow.Sucheventswouldhaveihe (unsu€cesstully) and the Southsideand the Richmondand
    effect of forcing the Confedente Army of Northem Virginia DanvilleRailroads(with temporarysuccess).
    into the open, whereGrant wassurehis superior numbersmust Itwas in the lull afterthesefirst unsuccesstul attemptsto cut
    crushit andso end the war. the city's railroad links that the plan which was to lead to the
    Smith's XVII Corps attacked the outer defenc€sof Peters- Battle of the Crater beganto be fomed. During a period of dull
    burg successfully on 15 June, but Beauregard,aided by but dangerouswork in a salient trear the Confederatelines
    reinforcements belatedlysent by Lee, once he knew that Lieutenant Colonel Henry Pleasantsof the 48th Pennsylvania
    Grant's immediatethreat to Richmondhad beenlifted. held on Volunteer Infantry conceiveda plan to tunnel under the
    to innerlinesof works.HearyfightiDgfolowedon 18June,but opposingElliott'sSalientandplantamine whichwouldblowa
    the Federalforceswereunableto take the city by assault.ln the vastbreachin the defences on detonationandallowtheFederal
    circumstancesGrant felt he had no choice but to begin to troopsto storm thrcugh andcapturethe city. Major GeneralA.
    constructsiegelines, eventhoughit wasnot technicallya siege, Bumside, in commandof the IX Corps, supportedthe plan to
    the city not being surroundedand isolatedfrom the remainder Meadeand Pleasantswasgivenpermissionto begintunnelling.
    of the Confederacy.Grant hadnow to concedethat he could no Work beganon 25June,althoughwithout the prcmisedsupPort
    longerfight the war of movementthat he hadinitiated little over of either men or matedals.Solving problemsof secretdisposal
    a month before. Lee was forced onto the defensivebehhd his of thesoil,to preventalertingthe defendingConfederates, and
    earthenforts andtrench linesin order to defendRichnond. He of ventilation, to dig a tunnel futher than engineeringwisdom
    had not the numbersto break the siegeby assault.Grant, saidcouldbe done,PleasaDts mencompletedtheir work on 23
    although he enjoyed massivesuperiority in men and material, July, whenthe tunnel lengthtotalled some585feet. Almost four
    and waseverydayrcceivingincreasingsuppliesfrom the north, tonsof blackpowderwasstoredin eight magazinesat the end of
    hadnot the meansto carry strongdef€ncesstoudy defended.He the works by 27July whenBumside submittedhis plan of attack
    wasunwilling to order anotherCold Harbor assault. for final aDDroval,
    Siegesare .by their very nature dow and tedious affairs, The plin called for the assault to be led by the Colored
    sapping the morale of both attacker and defender. Further, Division, then commandedby Brigadier GeneralFerrero,
    Grant'spositionwasmademorepressingby the comingelection which would fan out to the left and right of tie breach,allowing
    in the north. Lincoln, lacking decisivevictoriesiD the field, felt the fotlowing two divisionsto go straight forward and carry the
    that re-electionwasunlikely giventhe growingcasualtylists and crest to the rear of Elliott's Salient. Meade and Gmnt had t\r'o
    open war wearinessin some quaners. Although the fa[ of objectionsto the plan. The first wasto the planfor the attacking
    Adanta and the near destructionof Hoodt Army of Tennessee divisionto be split. Meadeorderedthat it would attackstraight
    had brought some relief to the northt cause,the solution so aheadfor CemeteryHill to the rear of the Salient.The second
    desiredin the Virginia theatrewasDotso near at hand. 'ColoredTroops'.Both Meade
    objectionwasto to the useof
    Onc€Meadehad failed to captwe PeteNburgon 18Junetie and Grant felt that it would be politically dangerousto sendin
    three armiesin the field had taken to consfiuctingever longer, their'Colored Trcops', who, although numerically the
    morecomplexand redoubtablelinesof works.In manyways strongestof Bunside's divisionsandwell tnined for the assault,
    they €ameto presagethe works of the Filst World War, with wouldbe seenasa disposable forceif the assaultshouldfail.In
    their interlinkedtrenches,strongpoints,redoubtsand com' the face of possible serious recrimiDations they altered
    visible to the rear of the Crater. To the right of the Crater the
    Third Maryland Battalion forced their way 300yards into the
    Confederatetrenches,
    By this time the surviving memben of the 22nd South
    Carolina, led by their sole remainiog officer, were able to
    /*: "i banicadea sectionof trenchto the southof the Crater. North of
    the Crater the 17thSouthCarolinabeganto occupythe trenches
    to limit Fedeml incursion into the lin€s. To the south of the

    -__x__ Crater, on a hillside some 300 yards away, the 59th Virginia
    formed up to sweepacrossfire on anyFederalstrying to form in
    theopengroundbehindtheCrater.At the sametime cannonin
    two other batteries openedup on the Federal attackersfrom
    between400and500yardsto the nonh andsouth of the Crater.
    The 34th Virginia, in.a ftont line trench, werc ableto bring one
    cannonto bear, firing canisterinto the Federalflank as the
    r/'--->/ trooDstried to moveforuard.
    Pouert DivisioD,following Ledlie\ attack, hadmovedto the
    right of the Crater, but there tlrcy were soonhalted in the maze
    of trenchesby the spi.ited resistancewhich they encountered.
    TheBattleof the Crater The Confederateshad begun to stabilise their position. The
    26thSouthCarolinanorvformed a thin defenseacrossthe gapof
    30July,1864. the blasted salient in the retrenchment which bad been
    constructedas a precautionduring the mining alarms. Lee had
    ordered Mahone to send two brigades to the sceneof the
    Burnside's planto havethe assaultled by oneof hisotherthree explosion. These two brigades, Weisiger\ Virginians and
    divisions. Unfortunately, the changedid not reach Bumside's wright'sGeorgians, reachedthedefensive lineat about8.30am
    headquarters until late in the eveningof 29 July, necessitalingandchargedthecontused massof troopsin thervorks.
    urgentrevisionofplans-Bumsidefelt unableto decidewhichof with the threeleadingdivisionsdisorderedin the Crater area
    hisremaininsdivisionsshouldleadtlrc assault.so he hadtheir the Colored Division moved forward to take its Dart in the
    commandenlrawstraws.BrigadierGeneralLedlieof theFilst alsaukat a lrtlle after8.00am.At first the leadelemenlswere
    Division drew the straw which chose his command for the only ableto stumblein andarcundthe estimated10,000Fedenl
    attack.He had beenin his commandfor just six weeks,and troops alreadyoccupyingthe Crater area. In the confusionthe
    would lose it soon after as a result of his conduct during the t'xo brigadecommandenof the Colored Troops rcceivednew
    assault. orden from Fe[ero, safein the rear, to advanceand take the
    Meade remindedall his commandersthat 'promptitude, rise of Cemetery Hill. Parts of three of Thomas\ regiments,
    mpidity of execution,and cordial cooperation'wereessentialto about300menin total,managed ro form for the attackbeyond
    the success ofthe plan.He mightaho haveaddedthatclearing .he Crater. They began their charge, almost immediately
    the hont of tbeir own positionsandthe acquisitionof ladders comingunder the fire of a battery deployedaloogthe Jerusalem
    might have been a usefulideal The attackwas set then for Plank Road, 500 yards to the west. The charging Federals
    3.00amon the moming of 30 July. As Ix Coryslay in lriait collidedwith thoseof weisiger's Virginia Bdgadein the maze of
    behindthe mine the fuse was lit at 3.15 and the expected rifle pits andtrenchesandfierce hand-to-handfighting resulted.
    explosionawaited.By 4.15, with no soundor sight of any Outnumberedand unsupportedby the cowering massesin the
    explosion, twovoluntee6re-entered themineandrelitthefuse. Crater, the ColoredTroops broke andran. In the fierce fighting
    It explodedwith spectaculareffect at 4.45amard the Battle of there were incidents of unrivalled brutality as the enraged
    th€Craterbegan.Thatis, it beganabouttenminuteslaterwhen Confedentes realisedthat they were fighting agarnstcolored
    the stunnedand shakenFirst Division could be movedforward soldiers.Many were shot while trying to surrenderor escapeto
    into the assault. their o\{n lines. Troops still in the Crater werc keeping up a
    Leaving their own lrenches without ladders slowed the strong fire, but the Confedemtecounter-attack now reached
    attack, asdid their rcaction whenthey beheldthe destructionin within 20 yardsof the Crateras,by about 10.00am,wrighfs
    the Crater, menstoppingto gaze,or collect souvenirs,or to dig Georgianshadfallen in behindthe Virginians.
    out Confederate casualties. The crater resulting from the The work in the Crater had becomehot and desperatefor the
    explosionwassome170feet long, 70 feet wide, and about30 Fedemlstroops asthe moming had wom on. Now they were to
    feetdeep.About 278d€fendenwerekilled,woundedor buried come under the galling fire of Colonet Haskel's Coehorn
    in the explosion's aftemath. Men chargedinto the crater,but mortars, from as closea range as 20 yardsl The two mortars
    then found they were unable to easilyascendits far side. lobbed their 18 pound shels into the Federals, causing
    Confusionfollowedasunitsbecamemixedup anddisordered. considerablecasualtiesand no little lossof momle. The troops
    NeitherLedlienor Bumsidewerecloseenoughto the front to in the Crater now found themselvessurroundedon three sides
    bring order to the chaoswhich wassoongnpping the attack. and, althoughonly 100yardslrom the safetyof their own lines,
    The plan had called for the attack by IX Corps to seize quite unableto rette for risk of the destructiveenemyfire.
    CemeteryHiI behind the Salient.To support IX Corps' attack Mahone'stwo brigadeshad immobilised an attack by three
    Meadehad V Corpsand XVII Corpson eitherflank- There FederalCorps. Bumside'slX Corps had been driven back into
    would be 110 guns and 54 mortars to fire into the stunned the Crater area; Ord's XVIII Corps had fallen back to its main
    defenders the moment the mine exploded and to Fevent lines; while wa[en's V Coryshad neverevenmanagedto start
    Confederate gunners in adjacent works fiom enfilading the foNard. At 1.00pm. Sander'sAlabama Brigade, reinJorcing
    attack.A part of Marshall'sBrigadeclearedthe far sideof the Mahone, accompaniedby the 61st and 17th South Carolina
    Crater and formed for an advanceon the flse to the rear. The regimentschargedthe Cmter. The bemusedFederalsfougit,
    14thNew York Heaif Anillery found onepartly buried cannon fled or surendered and by 2.00pm,the Battle of the Crater was
    to be stil serviceableand tumed it to fire on Confederates over,Grant'slosses wereabout3,50O; L€e'sabout1,500.There
    24
    wasno gdinftom the attack. Flag,FirstBrigade,
    As a result of the Court of lnquiry which soonafter convened Headquanefs
    Bumside was sent on extended leave, never to be recalled; Ferrero'sColoredDivision.
    Fenero was transferred away from the theatre aod Ledlie
    resignedhis commission.One African-American soldier could Affer 'Oeath ln lhs Trenches".
    write home,"Whenwe were orderedto do our duty we *ent colour.ltr,frto .iin} Greeqa*ki Red' c*n a buffi.l - aed.
    like men." The conductof the leadingColoredtroopsin the
    d6bacleof the Battle of the Crater went a long way towards
    breakingdownprejudiceand resentmentamongsttheir white
    fello*s.

    THE COLORXDDIVISION AT TIIE BATTLE OF


    THE CRATER
    Fouth Division,rhe IX Corps; Brigadier GeneralFerrero.
    Filst Brigade:Colonel Sigfried (48th Pennsylvania)
    27thU.S. ColoredTroops
    30thU.S.ColoredTrcops
    39thU.S. Colorcd Troops
    43rdU.S. ColoredTroops
    S€condBrigad€:Colonel Thopas.
    l9th U.S. ColoredTroops
    23rdU.S. ColoredTroops
    28thU.S. ColoredTroops
    29thU.S. ColoredTroops scalewith lesslossto the 'look of the thing' thanin the larger

    WARGAMINGTIIE BATTLE OFTIIE CRATER There are two scenarioswhich the Battle of the Crater offers
    to the wargamer, The first is aD attempt to recreate the
    The first requir€mentfor any action fought out on the tabletop historical eventsof the battle, with the explosionof the mine or
    wiil b€ the Crater itsef, together wiih such parts of its the 6lst waveof Federalassaultsafter the explosionasa staning
    surounding area as playeN deem necessaryand dictated no point. The accountprovided in this article will enablethe game
    doubt by available space and prefered figure scale. The to be organised in a way whichrcflectsthe events,thoughthe
    simplestmethod of constructionwould be a cloth drapedover actualnumberc of troopsinvolvedmightneedto bescaleddown
    somelow booksor woodenlathes,liberally sprinkledwith earth to preservethe flow of the game. All the artillery, with the
    coloured scatter. For the more permanent feature - and the exception of the Coehom morta$ and the one ConJederate
    more eifted terrain builder - there are severalpossibititiesfor piece brought into action by the 14th New York Heavy
    construction. Some examples might be carved polystyrene, Artillery, fleed not be on the table. The second possible
    perhapsftom someelectricalgoodspackagingor carvedhom a scenario whichsuggests itsefis thatofthe'Wlat if.''tlpe. What
    terraintile suppliedby T.S.S.- maybetheywouldevenconsider mighthavebeenthe outcomeif Grant andMeadehadbacked
    manuJacturingsuch a feature at some future date- Another Burnside'schoicefor the attack to be spearheaded by the
    example could be made fron either DAS Pronaoor Modru. trainedand motivatedunitsofFerero\ ColoredDivision?In
    dftped over crumplednewspaperor Tearionsoaked,crumpled this'refighf theattackwouldbeginin thesamemanner,but the
    kitchen roll. troops from Fenerc's commandwould have to have a higher
    For the numerous trenches and earthlrorks which were moraleratingand perhapsa movementbonusover the rough
    thickly sprcadover the battlefield there are a numberof systems terrain of the Crater to teflect their inqeased levels of
    available. Two such are those manufacturedby Ian Weekley proficiencyand applicationin that situation. ln both s.enarios
    under the Batlleground trademark and those more rccently the Confederate defenders must suffer an initial period of
    availablefrom Monolith Designs.For the DIY terrain builder morale loss, perhapsrandomly generatedby dice throw at the
    one simple method usedby my friend Phil Robinsoninvolves outset,in order to reflectthe severedisruptionand surprise
    modelling in DAS Pronto over existingtenain features(which whichtheexDlosion ofthe minesenerated,
    are coveredprior to modelling with a plastic film to aid easeof
    separationonce the modelling material dries) and making the
    wooden reverse faces by pressing matchsticksinto the wet
    naterial. This is sinple, quick andvery effective- exanplescan
    be seen in tbe pbotograpbsof our Spotsylvatria game in
    WaryamesI ustruted76.
    ln respectof the Colored Troops on the .able, I can do no

    w
    better tban recommend the extensive range available from
    Dixon Minhtur€s as my own penonal prefereDce.The number
    and variety of posesand head q?es meansthat you can bring
    your units to life with a little care and attention to d€tail -
    alreadytherefor the painter,thanksto the sculp.oisskillsand
    efforts! The caretul selection of 'character' heads and the
    ingenioususeof colour will enableyour units to appearas'real Guidon of Thomas's Brigade
    individuals', rather than merely the 'three dimensionalcoun- of Ferrero'sColoredDlvision-
    ters'whichoften 'grace'the tabletop.In 15mmscalethereare
    ColoredTroops availablefrom a numberof manufacturers,and after "Bafiles and Leaders".
    the paint job conversioncan be canied out mor€ easily in this field {hne: Sh.ded parE green.
    25
    Thescenarios of theBattleof theCraterwhichspringto mind Facing the Federals along the New Market Heights was a
    seemwell suitedto a multiplayer,umpire,controlled gameor fomidable line of defencesincor?onting two lines of abatis,
    to the solo scenario,with the responsesof the defendersbeing breastworks and artillery redoubts which commanded any
    controlledrather than played out. The challengein these approachtowardsthe Confederatelines.The westemendof the
    formatsmightbe to achievea numberof 'objectives' generated line restedon SignalHill with its artillery rcdoubt commanding
    ftom Burnside'spla:ls, orMeade'sadaptionsofthem, on a scale a clearfield of fire over the attackingforc€. Thus, the defendeN'
    from merelyholding the immediateCrater areato full seizureof field of fire ftom infantry rifle pits and artillery emplacements
    CemeteryHill andthe breachofthe Petersburg defences. In a swept the lower slopesof the Heights from the New Market
    gameagainstanotheropponent theseobjectivescould remaiir, Road to Deep Bottom. To make mattels more desperatefor
    with othe$ being devised for the Confederateside, ranging any attackersthere were two lines of abatisto sumount. The
    from completerepulseanddestructionof the attackingforcesto outer one constructed from felled trees with sharpen€d
    €vacuation of those portions of their forces not rcuted or branchesto ensnareany tloops crossingit. The secondmade
    destroyed by the 'victorious'Federalunits. even more formidable by the incoryoration of much cheveaux
    At a smallerscaleof game,there is scopefor individual de frise, logswith sharyenedstakesdriven ttuough them.
    skirmish action within the warren of trenches and dfle pits Defending these impressiveworks was Lieutenant Colonel
    beyond and to either side of the Crater. This givesa different Bass with the lst, 4th and 5th Texas and the 3rd Arkansas
    t,?e of 'fiench warfare' game than the more usualone of the supported by the dismountedveterans of Brigadier General
    Fint World War period with the addeddimensionsof the Civil Gary's Brigade. For artillery support thesetroops had units of
    War technologyand the social attitudesand motivationsof the the 3rd RichmondHowitzers and the 1stRockbridgeAnillery.
    Eoops from both sides of the conflict to be taken into The wholeforc€ numberedsome1.800menandcameunderthe
    considentionby the gameo[ganiser. overall commandof BdgadierGeneralGregg,the seniorofficer
    onthefield.
    I shall turn now to consider the secondof my two chosen Duncan'sBdgade launchedthe attack by moving againstthe
    actionsfeaturing units f.om those sening in the United States first line of abatis. Not until his troops were struggling to
    Colored Troops,the Battle of New Market Heights. rcmove and crosslhis fust obstruction did the defendersopen
    firc, with the 24thVirginia from Gary\ commandenfiladingthe
    attackingunits. Duncanhimselfwaswoundedin the ma€lstrom
    TIIE BAT'TLEOFNEWMARKET IIEIGIITS, of lead that had engulfed his command and as men fell like
    29SEPIEMBER1864 leavesin a strong wind his senior regimentalcommaDder
    In earlySeptemberof1864GranthadorderedMajor General ColonelAmesordereda retreat.As Duncan'sattackfaltered
    Butler'sAImy ofthe Jamesto preparefor an advanceagainst ColonelDraper'sBrigadewasmakingrnoreprogress, onlyto be
    Richmonds southeastemdefences.The attack$as to havetwo halted when Duncan'swithdrawal left its flank seriouslyin the
    objectives.The first wasto attemptto force Lee to movetroops air and open to attack.
    {iom the Petenburg lines to the defence of Richmond, thus Stayingdoggedlywith his initial plan Bimey orderedforuard
    weakening that city's defenders and perhaps bringing an Draper's Brigadeoncemore,with Terry'sforcesdemonstrating
    opening for an attack. The secondobjective was the possible againstthe Confederate left in supportof the renewedattack.
    captureof Richmonditself,longa Northem'waraim'. Draper'sBdgade of the 5th, 36th and 38th 'United States
    Butler senttwo oI his commanders forwardto executethis Colored Troops',supportedby a skirmishline of the 22nd
    'United StatesColoredTroops',movedforwardout of Deep
    order. Major GeneralOrd, with elementsof XVIII Corps
    €rossedthe JamesRiver and attackedalongth€ VarinaRoad Bottomonc€moreandorto the line ofDuncant ftst assault.
    towardsFo Harrison,the easternextremityof Richmond's As the early moming fog beganto lift the attackinglines madea
    exteriordefencelines.Major GeneralBimey'sX Crrys he sent tempting target for the defendersof New Market Heigbts. As
    to join with BrigadierGeneralPaine'sColoredDivisionfrom they broke into a chargethe troopsof Draper's commandfound
    XVIII Corps at Deep Bottom. From thh point the two themselvesfiIst slowedby marshyground and then tangled in
    commandswere ordered to strike north, usingfarm roads and
    tracks, to assaultthe formidable defencelines which lay along
    the New Market Road. Buder lvas very much in favour of the
    usein the fieldofhis'ColoredTroops',recognisingthe blowto
    Confederate moralethat anydefeatat theirhandscouldbring.
    The force he establishedfor the attack included no fewer thafl
    fourteenregimentsof United StatesColoredTroops.In the
    main these units were rested and reasonablytrained for the
    ,rlttlll\t}{
    In t}le early moming fog of 29 Septemberthe Federaltroops t\\t' =:
    movedforward to begin the attack in three columns.Brigadier L1,1rrrrlf);
    General Terfy's X Corps' Division to the right, taking up a
    position along Four Mile Creek, followed by a Brigade of
    'Colored Troops'. To the left Brigadier General Bimey's kk!yxtt*kY

    Divisions advanced to the attack, with Brigadier General


    Paine's 'Colored Troops' leading the advance, folowed by
    BrigadierGeneralFoster'sDivision.As it approachedFour
    Mile Creek Paine'scolumntumed towardsthe eastand formed
    line of battle facingthe right of the ConfederatepositioDs.The
    gap between Paine's forces and Terry's was bridged by
    dismounted'Colored Cavalry'. The spearheadof Paine's
    attackingforce wasColonel Duncan'sBrigadeof'United States The Battle of New MarketHeights,
    ColoredTroops'. Foster'scommandwere held in reservealong 29 September,i864.
    the GroverHouseRoad.
    the same line of abatis which had trapped Duncan\ earlier
    attack. In the confusion the attack faltered as the soldiers MAGIC THE CATIIERING ABAIS
    stoppedto fue on their tormenton, thus unwittingly aiding in
    theirownslausbter. rfuE.!k
    For almosa halJ an hour the 'Colored Troops' neither
    advancednor retired but t.aded shotswith their foe. Finally the
    Confederatefire beganto slackenand Draper wasableto order ute&edodFta.Ieta
    the chargeto continueforward towardsthe Heightsthemselves.
    Stoming forward the secondline of abatiswas penetratedin
    severalplacesand rhe rifle pits behindrbemsoonoverruDin I3ENEE
    hand-to-hand fighdng.enablingthe Herghtsrhemselves lo be
    seDed.On Drapeis len. the 22nd UnrredStatesColored '60'
    Troops' forned from skirmish line into line of battle and Kd\GA tr.Lvt a roP

    €hargedthe New MarketRoad.On Draper'sdght, Terry sent


    foHard the 3rd New Hanpshire and the 24th Massachusetts to
    attack the Confederate left, defend€d by the Rockbridge
    Artilery. Their spirited chargeled to the batterybeingforcedro l'lcroas/!tiniaturss
    withdrawftom the field. lt was about8.00amand the major
    actionslvere over, leaving the Federah in possessionof their Td:{olsl4'6tr3\IcrilG5clJ,n
    objectivesand the Confederatesin retreat. The outcome had 50p + sAD for ]vI: r/95 Lbr
    beentumed when Gregghad been foiced to draw aroopshom
    theNewMarketHeightsto counterOrd'spushalongtheVarina
    Roadtowads Fort Harrison.Confederate losseswereDerhaos
    in theorderof 50casualiesfrom a forceot no morethan t.80b. 3tffi6!!ofueb0q
    r6!i4!@!!ofusq!.00t
    while the Federalslost 850from a total force of some 13,000.
    ld'Nhhd|Lffiqb6op
    Numeroussoldien were cited for their bravery, with fourteen ts\@qret6!!o6oB
    AJrican-Americansoldiersreceivingthe Medal of Honor, along
    hlidc:B}dqaqLl(Fddth
    with two oftheir whiteoffi€ers.
    htsd'&rtr4bkr,,@

    |lF Fhniq t[.tab Minitukl


    WARGAMINGTHE BATTLE OFNEWMARKET -
    HEIGHTS
    At first glancethe imbalancebetweenthe two forcesseemsto
    offerlittle to attractthe devoteeofthe Civil War,with somany
    actionsmore evenlypoisedto choosefrom when seekinga AFTERWORD
    satisfyingand demandingtabletop encounrer.However, I feel I havehadthe pleasure ofseeingmanywellpresented Amrican
    that the imbalanceof the two sidesneednot be a detraction. Civil War gamesin a variety of scalesat showsfrom 'Salute' id
    ratherthechallenge liesintheplayersseekingto achieveagreed thesouthof Englandto 'NortbemStandard'in Newcastle upon
    objectives beforethe expirationofan agreednumberofbounds Tyne over the years,but I cannot recall ever noticing units of
    of play.For theConfederate player,the objectivewill beto use 'Colored Troops' representedon the tabletop. Perhapsthis
    his artilery and dfle fire to augment the difficult terain h€ articlemightiD somesmallwayencourage thosewho sharemy
    defendsand breakup the Federalattacksinto piecemealand passion for the'BlueandtheGray'to considerrepresenting the
    uncoordinated thrusts.For theFederalplayerthechallenge lies gallant and significant role of African-Americans when plan-
    in coordinating the attacksandbreachingboth linesofabatisto ning their forthcoming demonstration games or club night
    bring his superiornumbersinto play and attemptto overrunthe meetings.As I write this, Phil RobinsonandI are well advanced
    defendersbefore the time allocatedfor the gamerunsout. in planning our gamefor later in the summer.Perhaps,by the
    Thescenario mightinciudethe effectsofthe fogwhichwould time this adcle gracesthe pages of W.Igam€s lllustrated,
    screenboth sides from each other, but aho hamDerthe readen will have visited those shows at which we will be
    coordinationol the allackingFederalunirsand rhe effeds of demonstratingour game and will have had the oppo(uniry to
    Confederateartillery fire from the Heights. It might also be appreciatethe role of a significant but neglectedarm of the
    extendedto allow Greggto retain mote troopsin the area, Federalforcesin the latterstasesof thewat.
    ignodng for the convenienceof the gamethe effects of Ord's
    attacksalongthe VarinaRoad.
    The terain for the gamewi not require major work. Most BIBLIOGRAPHY
    playersin the.periodshouldpossess the necessaryfeaturesro Ameican Civil War Day by ,a), Bowman [Ed].
    representthe Heights, the works and rifle pits, and there are TheAmeican Civil Wat, GnessIF.dl.
    many willing manufacturerswaiting to provide thesefor rhose TheAmetican Civil War Sorrce Book, Haylhomethwaite.
    withoutanyelementtheyleelthey lackto rcundoff the game. BanksandLeade$,Volume4,JohnsonandBuel[Eds].
    Abatis canbe simply made by raiding a €onvenientgardentree BeforcPetercbury - In'Co'nbat', Congdon[Ed]
    for twigsroughly in scale,while cheveauxde frise can be made TheCivil Wat, RedRiv?rb Appomakot.Foote.
    from similar materials, with cocktail sricks to reptesent the ?rs Civil Wal, Guernseyand Alden.
    stales, or can be purchasedftom Irl€gulrr Miniatur€s for a TheCivilWat Ba efreldGuide, Kertl:,edy.
    reasonableprice. The effectsof the early moming fog might be Deathin the Trenches- Tine Life Bool<s, D^\\s
    reproducedby either the use of hidden map movement until Encyclopediaof the Ctu Wdr, Bowman [Ed].
    units come within view of each other or by the use on the TheLast Citadcl,T r'udea[.
    tabletop of wadding material - such as we used to reprcsent TheSiegeol Peetsbutg, Ct,],len.
    aerial shell burst, described in Wargamesnuslrst€d, issue A Stillnessat Appomattox, Cauon.
    number86.
    film andbatteries{or your cameraasthereis muchto recordand
    Avtstt to Bnkarest very litlle in the way of souvenirsor postcardsavailableon the
    spot.)Thepice of admission is about50pandduringthe daysI
    MflttaryMuseum spent there I met very few other visitors. There is definitely
    somethingfor everyone,from Ancientsto the SecondWorld
    by NickComish
    There are several floon which trace, chronologicaly, the
    Earlylastyearmy researchinto the Greatwar on the Eastem nilitary historyof the Ronanian people.In the basementa
    Front had reachedthe point whereit wasessential to increase variety of pre-Romanexhibih are displayed,including a
    the depthof work on the Romanianinvolvementftom 1916. selectionof stone,iron and bronzeweaponsand a considerable
    Informationin Englishon the RomanianArmy is diffrcultto numberof domesticitems,reflectingRomania'spositionas a
    find.MymainsourceuntillasryeatwasTheTimesHistoryofthe trade route between the nomads of the Steppe and the city
    G/€arWdrpublishedvery neartheevent.However,dueto the dwellersof Greeceandthe Meditenanean coast.
    contemporarynature of the reporting there is considerable'fog' Of considerableinterest to me was the Roman and
    to shrouddetailsof organisations etc.from anyhostilereaders. particularlyth€ Byzantineperiod. Seeminglythere has been
    (Norman Stone'sEastemFrcnt is an invaluablemodem little or no researchcaniedout into theseperiods,otherthan
    source,but somewhatscathingof the Romanianefforts,) locally,for sometime.The Museumhasan impressive display
    I hadcommunicated with the culturalstaffat the Romanian of modelsin 3D plaster,includingfortifiedDaciansettlements,
    Embassyin Londonand,throughtheirgoodoffices,established Roman and Byzantine watchtowers and a 10th Century
    a link with the Centnl Military MuseumsofBukarest'sdirector Byzantine fortress. I made pencil sketches of these as the
    of collections.Il becamequickly apparertthat my research lighting and my camera skills were Dot up to the task of
    *ould advanceat a snail's pace and at great incoflvenienceto photographingthem. A selectionof Roman and Dacian
    my correspondent. Consequently I decidedthat a visit would weaponryandequipment roundoffthisfascinating section.The
    savea massive amountof troublefor all concerned andsatisfya Danube traced the northern boundaryof the Roman and
    longhelddesireto vhit the'Padsof theEast'.Findingthetime, Byzantine Empires intermittently for several centuries. The
    theticketandthevisa(obtainable fromtheEmbassyfort23.00) military architecture of tiis period and location was of a
    rvere very straighlforward.The Romaniannational carrier defensivenature. A systemof watchtowersactedasa 'trip-wire'
    'Tarom'fliesfiequentlyfuomStanstead andis ascomfortable as for barbarianincursionsfrom the North and, when actingin
    anyandcheaperthan most.However,travelguidesarehardto tandemwith the Danubeflotilla andmobileforces.Drovedan
    come by and given the'political correctness(in the nicest efleclilemeanrof holdrnglhe hne.Wrrha r\alchloserand
    possibleway) currentlypurgingthe streetnamesof Bukarest somecavalryyou'vethe basisof a gameagainstanyvarietyof
    (and leadingto considerable confusion)buy one when you opponents. Indeedthesefortificationswerebeingusedinto the
    arrive.atleastit'llbe a little moreuDtodate! late Middle Agesin the samemannerasthe Border Peletowers
    The only interestingpart ofa generallycloudyflightwaslhe - morewargaming stimuli,moreenemies.
    time spentcrossingthe CarpathianMountains.Eventhoughit Ronania emergedftom Roman-Byzantine influencein the
    wasearlyAugustandtheweatherbeautiful, belowiheclouds,it early yearcof the 13thCenturyfollowingthe 4th Crusadeof
    was obviousthat the Carpathianpasseswould be simpleto 1204that finally crippledByzantinepower. Increasinglythe
    defendwith a ninimun of forces:long.narro! androcky.with exhibitsreflectWestemand Northern Europeaninfluences.
    The strugglewith the expandingOttoman Empire is compre-
    Immigrationandbaggage collectionpresented no problems, hensively €overedwith muchweightbeinggivento the walsof
    thoughCustomsofficialswith AK47scanbe a dauntingsight, \4adTepes(CountDracula)whois well-placed in thepantheon
    particularlywhenyou'vegot excess cigarettesl
    The cunencyis oI Romaniannationalheroes.
    the Isi, whichexchanges at roughly2000to !1.00 sterling,but Ottomancontrolover Romaniawasa matterof divideand
    dollarsaremoreacceptable. All major creditcardsareperfectly rule. Completepolitical control was rarely exercised,but
    ac€eptable, certainlyin Bukarest.Travellerschequescan be Turkish and Easterninfluencein weaponswasgreat. There are
    changed,but only througha limitednumberofoutlets-Ignore manyexamplesof highlydecoratedpistols,swordsand horse
    the blackmarketeteers -nasty fellowsl furnilure.The technological advan€es of the Westlound their
    Bukarestis a delightfulcity, an amalgamof Eastemand way via Austria, Hungaryand Polandand the 17thCentury
    Westernarchitecturalstylesmainly datingback to the 18th €xhibitsareaninteresting mixtureof EastandWest.
    Century.In the mainit remindsme of picturesof Parisat the The 18th Century gallery marks the move towards the West
    tum of the €entury, broad tree lined boutevards.Peugeot with weaponsthat could fit easilyinto any Westemarmoury of
    articulatedtrams and locally-produced Renaultsadd to the the time.Thisbecomes morepronounced with the onsetof the
    Frenchatmosphere.Naturally there has been €onsiderable19thCenturyand the growthof Frenchinfluencein military,
    postwardevelopment, but theobviousl, d€riecldchara€ter of cultural and Dolitical ideas. DesDite their defeat in the
    thecityremainsveryevident.Itis a city in whichto walkor use NapoleonicW;rs Frenchinfluenceoi military dressduring the
    publictransport- cheapreliabletams, busesandmetrowhich 19thCentury wasprofound. The principalitiesof Moldavia and
    seem to mn for 24 hou^ a day and none of that senseof Wallachia,ftom which grew presentday Romania, both
    apprehension or tensiononefeelsin manylargecitiesacrossthe equippedanddressed theirarmedforcesafterthe Frenchstyle.
    worldtoday. Ottoman €ontrol gradually faded away through the 19th
    Havingfounda suitablehotel(FrenchandGermanareoften Century. In 1866 a Hohenzollem was crowned as Prince of
    moreusefulthanEnglishby the way),I unpackedandsetoffto Romania,thoughnominallystill a vassalof tle Sultan.
    walk to the Museum-Havingenjoyeda few localbeerson the The influenceof Austria-Hungaryand Germanybeganto
    wayI foundit - exactlywherethe mapsaidit wouldbe! replacethat of Franceduring the late 19th Century in terms of
    The Museumoccupiespart of what wasformerly an infantry dress and organisation.Uniforms, equipment, flags and
    baracksandisrcgardedasa militaryestablishment. Photogra- memorabilia arewell'displayedto coverthe 80yearsbeforethe
    phy, withoutpermission, is prohibitedboth insideandoutside Russo-TurkishWar of 1877. Thh war led to Romanian
    thebuilding.Permission canbe easilyobtainedfrom oneof the independence andPrinceCarolbecameKing CarolL
    curators,thoughit's betterdonebeforehand.(Takeplentyof The Romanians regardthe Russo,Turkish War astheirWar
    28
    of lndependence.There is much photographic and physical photo-disptays. Surroundingtheseare a splendidselectionof
    evidence ofequipment:French,Turkish,Russianandeventhe photographs of whichI haveonly everseenone in a Westem
    American Berdan rifle- The siege of Plevna in 187 is publication.AgaintherearemodelssportingRussian,cerman
    wall-coveredwith diagams and pictures.However, the panor- andRomanianuniforms.
    amashowingthe stormingof tbe Grivitza redoubt by Ronanian The Cold War yeals displaysare in the processof re,
    troops is a delight. The mannequinsare life-sized,the organisationand one emergesin the 6nal galery which
    backgroundart work and lighting splendidand the sound-track commemoratesthe overthiow of Nicolae Ceausescudurins
    of martial music ideal. The spectators are 'in' the Turkish DecemberlSSa The pholographicand literaryevidenceari
    position and the Romaniansare coming at you. The attendant simply displayed, as are bloodstained items of civilian and
    waskind enoughto run the displayfor me and jolly good it was military clothing. Particularly evocative are photographs of
    tool Althoughsmallerthan the famouspanoramaat Waterloo thosewho died during the fighting in Bukarest and elsewhere
    the Romanians at leastkept theirsdusredlA panoramain the theyarenot vaguefiguresin sepiaphotographs, but 'peoplelike
    Medieval section, although larger, is less convincing (in my us'. The poignancyof this memorialgalleryneedsno further
    opinion) as it is raised about 18" above floor level and description; it standsfor itselfand needsto be experienced to
    approached from theside. appreciate its eloquentundentatement of the nationt struggle
    Romaniahada secrettreatyof alliancewith Austria-Hungary Iorfteedom.
    andGemanylrom 1883,rcnewedin 1914andbrokenin 1916. Outside,in the quadrangle formedby the boundarywall, the
    From the 1890sonwardsAustro,Hungarian unifom stylesand embryonicAeronautical Museumand an administrativeblock,
    pe$onalweaponry- Mannlicherriflesandcarbines-beganto is what I canonly describeasheavenon earth for artillery buffs
    replace the French. The cerman model of rhe Maxim with a few oddmentsfor the lankies'among us. T34l85,a
    machinegun,along with the Krupp 75mrn field gun was Hanomagprimemover,a SkodaL4O,aJslll mountinga Scud
    imported during the first decadeof the century.There aremany missilec.1966and a communications traileraboutwhi€hno-oDe
    examples of theseweaponsto beseenandtouched.TheBalkan knewan)thingl
    Warsof 1912-13 sawonly minimalinterventionby Romania. A railwaymountedSkoda305mmHowitzer with ammunition
    The Great War provided the Museum with infinitely more wagonsand lifting equipment sits casuallyon a railway track.
    exhibitsand another splendidpanorama.This time of the This pie€ewastakenintactfrom the Hungaiansin 1919and
    chargeof the 32ndInfantry,duringrhe summerof 1917,at the forms a magnificent backdrop to a fabulous colection of
    Battle of Marashest.Surprisedby the cermans, rhe 32nd ordnance.Another Skoda305nm Howitzer, made in 1918,
    chargedin their white shirts and re-took a key position- rests on a steel bolted platform. Krupps, the Geman
    anotherexcellentpiec€of illusion. manufacturer, is represented by a 210mmmortarm.1891/1916;
    The Great War gallery shows rifles l-ebel, Mauser, and 210mm motar 1885/1916 whichwasdismountedfrom its
    Martini-Henry(asusedby the Militia in 1917),Mosin,Naganr cupolain one of the forts that ringedBukarest.A complete
    (Russian) and small arms such as the AustrianSreyrand Krupp m.190475mm field gun. limber and caissonset (as
    SpanishSmitl andWessonpistols.Americanfield telephones, suppliedtoRomaniaandothersbefor€19i4)wasparkedneara
    Schwazlose(Austrian),Lewis, Russianand cerman Maxirn Krupp77mmfieldguncapturedfrom the cermansin 1916.An
    machineguns are all availableto touch under supervision. In interesting Krupp-Putilov m.1909 105mm short-barrelled
    additionthere are Romanian,French,British, Russianand Howitzerstood alongsideanotherthree (yes, threel) Skoda
    Geman uniforms.Thereareaho penonalitemsof kit wom by 305mn Howitzersm.1911/16on a similar platform to that
    MarshallBerrholt,who headedthe Allied militarymissionro described earlier.
    Romania from 1917, and the Romanian Field Malshau Mounlain guns,not surprisingly, loomedlarge:a Whitworth
    Averescuwho wasthe Commander-in-Chief durinqthe Grear m-1883 63mmi Russia\ Obukov m.1904 76.2mm;the Franco,
    War and the War ot Re-Lnrfic?tion in lalq (th'ch treed RussianSchneiderPutilov m.1902/0476.2mm: Skoda sun/
    Transylvaniafrom Hungary) and the re-occupationof Bessar- Howilzerm.1899l04mm:Armstrongm.l88l (long-bairel)
    abia,formerlya Russianpossession. 63mm;afld a Grussonm.1885/1916 53nm which formed the
    The inter-war yeals displays show the Allied influence on main armamentof the Romanianmountain batteries.
    uniforms.Khaki of a browner hue than the Bdrish colour, To enlargethe artillery branchof the field armiesthe smaller
    French Adrian helnets, Austrian and Cze€hsmall arms and Hotchkissm.1891/1916 57mmgunsweredismounted fromtheir
    pistolsfrom a variety of manufacturers. cupolasin the Bukarestfodfication ring, aswere someof their
    '57's
    Romaniahadbeentalen overduringtheearlyyearsof World heaviercounterpartsas noted earlier.Severalof these
    WarTwo, by a fascistorganisation - the Iron cuard - whichwas were given extemporisedmountings and used as anti-aircraft
    strongly supported by Nazi cermany. To regain Bessarabia weaponsdudng 191G1917, frequentlywith pa( of the cupola
    (lost againto Russiain 1940),Romaniasuppliedtroopsand remainingasa shield.
    provided ra\r naterials (particlarly oil) to assistwirh Operation I spentmanyhappyhouls in the glorioussunshine(94'F in the
    Barbarossa in June1941. The Romaniansre,oc€upied Bessar- open) making notes and taking photographs. Unfortunately
    abiain 1941ar\dparticipated in the Crineancampaign of 1942. two rolls of film were damaged, leaving me with a lirnited
    By Novemberof that yearthe bulk of theirforceswereholding selectionof mainly WWI pieces.However, therewasa very well
    the Iine north of Stalingad for von Paulus'sSixrhArmy - not an preservedMontigny machinegunof the 1880son a caniage and
    enviableposition! variousDe Bangeweaponsof the late l9th Century that feature
    The Soviet winter otrensive of 1942,43 decimated the in t}le backgroundof my snaps.
    il-equippedand poorly suppliedRomanians.The Museum Thanls to Horia Serbanescu of the CentralMilitarv Museum.
    doesnot dwell on this aspectof the war, but givesgreater Bukare\tand his sraHtor their parienceand kindnessro an
    emphasis to the periodafter the Romanian-Soviet atlianceof
    August l9zl4. The Romanianstumed againstthe Germans
    retreating through Romania and various Romanian units WARGAMES FIGURES PAINTED
    accompadedthe Sovietadvanceinto Hungary and Czechoslo- to collectolsshndancls. S€DdSAEor ilro IRCSlor pncelist
    vakiaduringthelasteightmonthsof thewar.Theexhibitsrange to: D, Seaerove.
    from a 'mound' of Germansmall armsincluding MP38,Assault THE I.AST DETAIL
    rifles, panzerfaust, hand grenades,MG36 and 42 to life-size 196 Parlaunt Road, L-anglev.Slouqh,Berkhire SLj] 8Az
    ESSEX Ml NIATU RES ESTABLT'HED
    1e7e
    25mmBRITISH
    NAPOLEONIC
    BRMSH NAP]OLEONIC BN31 tign Dngoonlrooper- BNH3 NEOO Bdlishho|s€adill€fvlimb€rwilh lwo
    Th€ Bdish NapoleonicUne Inhnlry are BN32 ughr Dngoonrrumpeter-BNH3 c s€ar€dgunn€rs,lour horsersam
    mod€llsdwnhltls 'slovFpip€ shakownicn BN33 Ughl DragoonOfticff - BNH3 c andlwo mounledddvsrs V
    puts|tlem in approJdmatsly
    lie samepenod BN34 Ughl DragoonGuidonb€8rcr- NEOT PairotlimberhoE€switmounted
    as lie Fcnch q€ alEady produce. BNH3 c horsernilbry driverlo make4 horse
    BN35 HorseArlillerymanwilh rammsr c iaamhlo6 horseleam L
    BN1 Uns inlanlryadancing (highpons)A BN36 Ho|l€ Adillarymanwilh linslock c NEA10 Bridsh,ock€llaunch€.wilh lwo
    BN2 Uneinlanlryadvancing(shouldor€d BN37 HotseArlill.rymanwnhhsndspike c K
    musksl) A BMA c NEQ11 Bnlishrcckelcariage wi|f' limb€r,
    BN3 Grenadierorligcomp.(hlghpo ) A BN39 HeavyDragoonlrcopsr(hslmet)- four holseleam,iwo ddveB andtwo
    BN4 Gr€nadisror lighl comp.{€hould€rcd BNH2
    must€l) A H.avyD|agoon
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    BN5 Drummor C 8NH2 C ARMSH APOLEOI{ICHOBSES
    SN6 Slandadb€aEr C BN41 HsavyDtagoonOlficer{helmst)- BNHI Hussarshorso E
    BN7 Olficer C BNH2 BNH2 HeavyDlagoonsho6e E
    BNE Fiflemanadvancing A BN42 HeavyD6goonGui{ronb€ar€r BNH3 Ugn Dlagoonsho6e
    BNg Binemankn€elingffdng A (h6lmet)-BNH2 BNH9 HeavyOmgoonshorsegalloping E
    BN10 Riflemanomcsr C
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    AN12 lnlanlryolfic€rmouedonhols€ H BN43 Tmoper-BNHg NSg Wellinglononiool D
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    BN14 Foolanilb,ynan carryingball C Bl|45 Trump€ler- ANH9 c NS16 Aidds campwih hors€
    BN15 Foolarlill€,ynanwnhhandlever C BN46 SiandardB€arer- BNH9 c
    AN16 FoolAdillerytnanstoppingvent 25mmI{APOLEONICARIY PACKS
    hole C MPOLEONIC EOUIPiIEI{T - !68.75 POSTFAEE
    BNIT Highlanders(h. highpone A NEQI Bilish gpdrcannon N
    BNl7a Highlanderflankcoy. adv.,nigh NEo2 Briish 6pdrcannon N SA6-Bdtish S8s-Flench Sgt Auslrian
    porle A NEO3 French12pdrcannon N
    BNl8 Highlander marching shouldercd NEO4 FrcnchSpdrcannon N
    musket A NEQs Fcnch 4pdl cannon N
    BNiSa Highlander flankcoy.,marching,
    shoulde€dmuskel A
    BN19 Highlanderoflicer C
    BN20 Hignbndefsld. boaret C
    BN20aHighlandsrpip€r C
    BN21 Huss lrooper-BNHl A
    gN22 Hussarhumpeler-BNH1 C
    BN23 Hussaroffcer-BNH1 C
    BN24 Hussar Guidonbea€r- BNH1 C
    BN25 Ughtinf.,adv/atlacking A
    BN26 Ughtinf.,kneeling fring A
    BN26a Lightinl., Oficer C
    BN27 HeavyDagoon trcoper(bicome)-
    BNH2 A
    BN28 HeavyDragoonlrumpeler(bicome)=
    BNH2 C
    BN29 tl€avy DBgoonOrfi€r (bicome)-
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    BN30 HeavyDragoonGuidonb€ar€r
    (bicoms)-BNH2 c

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    /[lUSnAIE -trcichtdgare painted


    Batlalion byDaleRawson.
    H I G N O U A L I T Y2 s m n F I G U R E SF O R T H E
    WARGAMEF AND COLLECTOR
    D E S I G N E DB Y P E T E BM O B B E Y

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    ITI

    3 3r IyAININ al\! NIEYIII i.


    xt vehklesandfigorespaintedby H.r.PaintingseNic€r.

    F.- r H EA T L A N T W
    I CA L L

    ffi
    RVM2]Pantherc wnhzmmertl .. f695
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    SSlS SSPanzeflaqerteam l men,panz€rfausv. un€r
    grenad€ & maqneli. bomb... f] l0
    U5INFANTRY ]94445
    A U S I 03 0 c Na , l G t e a m p r o n e f r.r.n. .q. . . . . . .
    A U S ] l 6 0 m m m o r r a f t e a m l .r.n.g. ...... . . . . . .
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    Ai CHILTERNMINIATURES
    Chiltem ]\liniatut-esare pleasedto announcethat the GHe range of 1000/0pewter miniaturesare
    nol{'availabie through their mall order sewice.pleasesenda large SAEfor our latest listing.

    This month $'e illustmte some samplesof rhe 1,/2400scale\4ryV2Micronautscurenrly available.


    Refi8ht The Pacificcampaignwith everl,thingftom PT Boatsto rhe Yamamalo.

    CHIL'rf,RNMINI{TIJRIS \licronautranqesmcludcr Rangesavailableinciude:


    1[lmbourne Road
    London SW17 8JS \4ostmalorJapancsc andUS \cssels Wwll Micro Armour 1/2as
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    nadUS arrcraft \ TVVII
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    When replying Io advens Gennannaratrncludin-e theGrafzeppehn CombatCommandSets 1/2aS
    pieasemention Wargames ltalianandFrenchna\1 Micro Armour Decals 1/2As
    Illustrated All caricr modetsrnctudcs€pcrarc
    aircrafl

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    40 CoalwayRoad
    Wolverhampton
    l5mmWWII wv31LZ
    England
    TeVFax:01902-654164

    Allthe belowlistedvehiclesareto 1/100thscaleso gel the big one!Youget 20%morevehiclefrom S.O.D.


    and PeterPig!Theyare availablein indlvldualunitsatcompetitiveprices.
    15S54aT26(62),gb r26(a4),s. T26(S) C2.50 15G19 PzKplwlAuslBCommad e2.50
    15811 Aedod30cwioxD-G.s.Truck €3.00 15S55 8.T.5 42.50
    15812 &dlord3lonoD-G.s.Truck €3.00 15456 G M.C.2TonTruck 13.00 15G21 6F.A.D.AmouredCar
    15819 Ddchm4 LighlTak 42.00 15857 L.C.T.sLarceLrndn! caft !T.B.A. 15G22 PzKpidvlTls I AusiE
    15823 MarldaMkll !3.00 1585a HoneyuqhlTank €2.50 15G23 PzKpi,V Panlher
    15SZ) B€lganTlsLighlTank !2.00 15859 M24ohaiiee e300
    15830 US75mmPad(Ho*ilzer !1.50 15861 T3.185 C4.(n e2.00
    15S31 6pdA Gun e15O Rubs
    Blit2spielwwll e2.15 e250
    15833 LBDGJeep 81.50 t2.50
    15434 NomalJeep t1.50 isnnBUllolNGs 15G28 Harcfrag25v1ausfD e3.00
    15835 g*e J€€ppluskil lorlananons BLOltl CalecondEFP€gasusCaie e5,50
    LRDc/airbome C1.50 BLol 5/2 concrcl€ConlrolTder e2.50
    15836 Lloydoamef 4200 15G32 SOKFZ222 e2.50
    i5837 6pdfA/Tcun Anbome e1.50
    1583€ Dinqo,!,rC t2.00 15G2 P2Kplw lVAusfD notutetbin e3.00 15c34 1o.scmLEFH1a'
    15B3ab Dinqo,.r'c e2.00 15c3 P2Kptw tvAusiD-tur€rbin m.00 i5G35 t0.5mLEFHla(M)"
    15839 F@nch4hmAnli-Tankcun 42.00 15G4 Pz$t{ lVAusrF-longTsmm e3.oo 15G36 6.8cmPAK43[41' !2.m
    15840 MsHallTack !3.50 15G5 sommA/Tcun !1.0o 15G37' Twing Tdilslor above t0.50
    15941 Uftiles6do4 $.0O l5G6 Hdomag251/1 f3.0O 15G38 HoBeDrawnLimber el.50
    15942 VJW2F6nch75mmInlanlry Gui €1.5O 15G7 Haomag25l/10 !3.00 15G39 HoEeo€wn Sl€ can
    15S43 Sh€manTank $50 15G3 AdbAmourcdoar lr.5o 15G40 250/10
    15a44 ShomanFi@lly €350 15Gg STUG L shonTsmm t3.00 f3.50
    15845 Crcnwell 14.00 1 5 G 1 0S T u c | | | - r o n g 7 s m m $00
    15816 Churchill e400 15G11 [email protected] e400
    158a7 17pdf e2.00 15G12 Moio..ycLe Combnahon tls0 Scw1snPzKplwwlhspanishTuml €2.50
    1584a F.C.M.FrenchTsk 4250 15G13 Hanomag 251/lAuslc ls.m
    158,€ Sheman105Howi2er e3.50 15G14 Hanomag2511975mmSp4ia $.00
    15850 T3476 t4.00 15G15 PzKptulvAuslH skds t3.00 ilore Russian,GermanandFrenchguns
    15851 25pdr 11.50 15G16 STUGltAlslc-skins e3.00 soon.S.D.D.srockPotg|PigWWttInrantry,
    15952 ouaded Lihbor 13.00 15G17 50mmstaticl/T Empla@menl C1.5o SAElor llsllnEs.
    1595A StuadLghl lank !2.5o 15G13 PzKplvI C2.5O

    a oNowFoEsonEn NccorrPLEfLv
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    "WIN EF'S EYEVIE$'" IST1IEUITIMATE Benrley4.5 rlrsuperchaEed uK 1930
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    cd packsx6(Bndomsel&lDn) stater49€ o.M.2.3[f llaly1930
    whil€ ndar p ls x6 (pe.on & modern)
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    ModemFl(1994) 1995F1Pack
    cl B€neton c2 McLden xl Oher6n96savailab € [email protected]:15mm
    c2 Mclaen C3 Fera. x1 Pi€ies, l5mm HomeGuad, 1/60(rlhcoaia ,
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    29

    THEBATTIEOFTICONDEROGA,
    1758
    Parl II
    By SteveBruce

    WARGAMINGTICOI\DEROGA player can commit any aniving reinforcementunit to his


    division.(The anival point is changedto the ptayer\ prefer-
    Whi€heverrulesetplayersuseto recrcatethe battletheymust
    ence.)He canalsoamendthed6 unit roll by I up or downto ger
    allowfor the followingconditions.
    a betterunit. ADCSmay spendonly 1 tum with Abercromby
    I The Abatis beforeretumingto their command,they may then be sentoff
    All movemeniwithin the abatisareais halved. again.This representsthe constantinformation flow to HQ.
    The abatisprovidessoft cover for all rroops moving through In the lists1FCEmeansl foot commandelement;allOfficer
    it. Skirmisherswho haveadoptedfiringpositionswithinit count figuresare dismounted.All BattalionshaveindividualCom-
    hardcover. mandelements,and thereare alsoProvincialBrieadielswho
    All troopsin the abatisareaaredisordered. command allofrheirColony s forces.
    (Theymayn;r command
    The abatiscanonlybeclearedby arrillery. Regulars. ) An indicationof the personality's
    moralemodifieris
    gjven,eg: +2, andastandarddefinitionsuchas"Bold".
    2 The Log Palisad€Entrenchm€nt
    D€fenderscount very hard cover. It is a nedium diffi€ulty Playenshouldbe ableto conve(thesetotheirownrules. The
    obstacle,which can be climbedby any troops.It couldhave Frenchplayerrepresents Mont€alm.(A secondplayercoutdbe
    beeneasily I-evisif required,a third Bourlamaque.) The British players
    demolished by 6pdrgunsor heavier.At somestages
    of the battleit wasfired ac€identally represent Gage,Prevostandcrant.
    or deliberatelyand this
    optionshouldposea problemfor theFrenchplayer. E Time!.sle
    3 Supports The battlebeginsar 11.30anwith the advanceof the Brirish
    Montcalmused grenadiers skirmish screen.Nightlallis at 9.00pm,bur the Britishwould
    andveteranlighttroopsasarearline
    behindthebattalions,bothassupportreserves have to abandon the atrackby 7.00pmat the latestin orderto
    andasa thrcatto
    keepthen firing.The Britishassaults retum to camp. They would be terrified of marching back
    weresupportedby other
    unitsto the rear.Theplayersmustgivemoralebonusesrosuch throughthewoodsafternightfall.
    suppo(edunitsif theirrulesdo not caterfor thrs.

    4 Visibility NOTESONTIIE ARMY LISTS


    In densewoods3";in openwoods5";otherwiseby lineof sight. I havegiven the troop lists in genericterms so that playen may
    All Bdtish movementsare visibleto the Frenchoutsidethe use a rulesetof their choice.The Frenchorder of battle is
    forestline. AII Frenchmovements are visibleto the British if accurate, but someportionsofthe Britishorderareguesswork.
    beyond3" behindthelog palisade. For exampleI canfind no BattlefieldCommandstructurein the
    Off iableunits,suchasthe Britishriver boats.arevisibleby hisloriesand different sourcesplaceBritish RegularRegiments
    line ofsight andanyoff tableunitsmay be fired at ifin range. in different divisions.The British order therefore representsa
    The weatheris brightandsunny. reconstructionbasedupon a crosssectionof histori€alsources,
    (I would be interestedto hear from anyone with more
    5 Smoke
    informationon this.)
    The wind is blowingnorthwardsand smokemovesat 2', per
    My ownpreference is anetementsystemwhich mountsthree
    figuresto a basefor British and FrenchRegulars,American
    Cottonwool markersshouldbe placedto rhe front of firing
    units and moved at rhe end of each rum. Obscuring smoke Militia andBritishGrenadiers. Two figuresto a basefor Light
    shoulddeductatleast25%fron firing. lnfantry, CanadianMilitia, La Marine and French Reeular
    Crenrdier..Ind,ans.Voyageurs Gages Lightsand Rangers are
    6 Reinforcements basedin three figure elementsof two bases,one of two fisures
    Ar the startof eachtum the Frenchplayerrolls td6, anyresult andoneolonefigure,
    of6 meansthatoneofhis reinforcement unitshasarrivedarthe Basedupona I figur€to 30menratiorhismeansthat a base
    landingplaceof hischoice.(L on rnap3.) represents1 British Line Conpany or 2 FrenchLine Com-
    At theendofeachturn theBririshplayerrolls1d6,anyresult panies,anidealscalefor mostFIWactions.
    of 6 meansAbercrornbywil €ommita reserveunit. Roll ld6
    agarn: BRITISHTROOPSAT TICONDEROGA
    I SirWilliamJohnsonkMohawksarriveat point25. Non playerC-in-CMajor GeneralJamesAbercromby
    2 The flankforcebar8esappeararpoinr22. 1FCE0m Rash
    I The Nes York Ran8ingcompaniesappeaI al poinL24.
    4 The 3rdNewYork Banalionanivesatpoint23. TROOPSOF lHE CENTREDTIISION
    5 Oneartillerymodelof the player'schoiieanivesat point ColonelThomasGage1FCE+2m Rash
    23. ADC CaptainAbercromby1FCE0m Bold
    6 All Artillery modelsarrive at point 23. Conv€rgedGrenadiers
    7 Command 7 elements
    BritishRegularGrenadiers,90meneach.
    The gameworks best when there are one Frenchand three Veteran,Excellentmorale.SkimtishorLine.
    Britishplayers.The Britishcommanding a divisioneach,with ColonelHoliman1FCE+1m Bold
    Abercrombyas a non playerC-in-C.If an umpireis usedhe ConvergedRegularLight InfantrJ
    shouldensurethat the British do not communicate saveby 7 elements
    RegularLightInIantry,50meneach
    messengers. By sendingan ADC back to Abercrombythe Experienced.
    Excellentmorale.Skirmishers.
    30
    Majo. Proby1FCE+rm Bold MajorDuncanCampbell1FCE+2m Rash
    Bmadstr€€t'sbatteauxmen 46rhReginent
    4 elements 90 nen each.
    frontiersmen, RegularLine Infantry,76meneach.
    8 elements
    Vetenn, Goodmorale,Skirmishers Experienced,Goodmorale.
    Lt. ColonelJohnBradstreet1FCE+3m Bold Lt. ColonelEyreMasseyIFCE +2m Bold
    44thRegiment NewYork Pmvincial Reginent
    RegularLine lnfantry,100meneach
    9 elements lst Battrlion
    Voteran,Goodmorale. 5 elements ProvincialLine Infantry,100meneach.
    Lt. ColonelWilliam€yre 1FCE+2n Botd Average,Goodmorale.
    ColonelOliverDelancey IFCE +2m Bold
    55thRegim€nt
    8elemenlsRegular menedch
    LineIn[antry.78 2ndBattslion
    veteran,Excellentmorale. 5 elementsProvincialLine lnfantry,100meneach-
    Lt. ColonelJohnDonaldson1FCE+lm Bold Average.Goodmorale.
    ColonelClinton1FCE+1rn Bold
    N€wYork lndep€ndentCompanies
    RegularLine Infantry,95meneach
    4 elements MassachwettsProvincialRegiment
    Average,Goodmorale. BrigadierGeneralJedediahPreble1FCE+3m Bold
    Major Rutherford1FCEOrnBold
    lst Battalion
    ConnecticutPrcvincial Regim€nt 4 elements ProvincialLine Infantry,100meneach.
    MajorGeneralPhineasLyman lFCE +2m Bold
    Average,Goodmorale.SkirmishorLine.
    lst Battalion ColonelJohnThomas1FCE0m Cautious
    5 elements ProvincialLine Infantry,100meneach. 2nd Battalion
    Average,Goodmorale. 4 elements ProvincialLineInfantry,100rnenea€h
    ColonelEleazurFitch lFCE 0m Cautious Average.Goodmorale.Skirmishor Line.
    2ndBattalion ColonelAbijah willard 1FCE+1m Bold
    5 el€mentsProvincialLine Infantry,100meneach.
    3rd Battalion
    Average,Goodmorale. 4 elements ProvincialLine lnfantry,100meneach.
    ColonelNathanwhiting 1FCE+lm Bold Average,Goodmorale.SkirnishorLine.
    3rd Battalion ColonelEbenezerNichols 1FCE0m Cautious.
    5 elements ProvincialLine Infantry,100meneach- TROOPSOF TITELEFT DIVISION
    Average,Goodmorale. Prevost(60rh)lFCE -lm Rash
    ColonelJarnes
    ColonelDavidWooster1FCE+2m Bold ADC CaptainCunningham lFCE 0m Bold
    Conn€cticutRang€rs 80thR€gimentGag€'sLighr Infantry
    3elementsConnecticut meneach
    Rangingcompanies,6{J
    Light Infantry,100meneach.
    5 elements
    Average,Goodmorale.Skirmishers. Experienced,Goodinorale.Skirmishers.
    Major IsraelPutnam1FCE+2m Bold MajorDarby1FCE+2m Inspiring
    Provincial Regiment
    Massachus€tts 2nd Batlalion 60th RoyalAm€ricanReginent
    BrigadierGeneralTimothyRuggles1FCE+3m Bold b elemenrs Reguldr Lrnelnlantr].82meneach.
    4th Battalion Experienced, Goodmoraie.
    l00meneach.
    4elementsProvincialLinelnfanlry, Lt. ColonelFrederickHaldimand1FCE+2m Bold
    Average,Goodmorale.Skirmishor Line 4th Battalion60lh RoyalAm€ric6nReginent
    ColonelThonasDoty 1FCE+lm Bold 9elementsRegularLineInfantry,100meneach.
    sth Battalion Experienced, Goodmorale.
    4 elements ProvincialLine Infantry,10Omeneach. Ll. ColonelBaronMunster1FCE0mRash
    Average,Goodmotale.Skirmishor Line. 27thRegiment
    ColonelJoseph WilliarnsIFCE 0m Rash LinelnianLr).80meneach.
    SelemenlsRegular
    6th Batlalion Veteran,Goodmorale.
    100lneneach.
    4elementsProvincialLinelnfanlry, Ha!ilandIFCEr2m BolL
    Lr. ColonelWilliam
    Average,Goodmorale.SkirmishorLine. NewJersey"Blue!" Provincisl Regiment
    ColonelHoar 1FCE+2m Bold 8elementsProvincialLine lnfantry,100nen each.
    TROOPSOF I'IID RIGIiT DIVISION Experienced,Goodmorale.
    Lt. ColonelFrancisGrant(42nd)1FCE+2m Bold l elementProvincialGrenadiers,100men.
    ADC CaptainMoneypenny1FCE0m Bold Experienced,Goodrnorale.SkirmishorLine.
    I elementProvincialRangingcompany,60men.
    Roger'sRangerc
    meneach. Experienced,Goodmorale.Skirmishor Line.
    4 elements
    Rangers,100
    Lt. ColonelJohnShaw1FCE0m Bold
    veteran,Goodmorale.Skirmishers.
    MoheganandStockbndge
    2 elements men.
    IndianRangers,60 RhodeIsland ProvincialR€giment
    Experienced.Goodmorale.Skirmishers. ProvincialLine Infantry,100meneach.
    8 elements
    Major Robe( Rogers1FCE+3m +ld Inspiing Raw.Goodmorale-
    "Blacl$i,atch"Regiment ColonelHenryBabcock1FCE+2m Bold
    42ndHighland
    l0 elementsScolsLineInfanlry.100meneach. NewHampshireProvincialRegiment
    Veteran,Excellentmorale- ProvincialLine Infantry,100meneach.
    3 elernents
    3l
    Experienced,Goodmorale.SkirmishorLine. Veteran,Excellentmorale.
    ColonelHart lFCE0m Cautious Lt. ColonelPrivasIFCE +3m Bold
    MassachusetlsLigbt Battalion La SarI€ Reginent
    4 elements
    ProvincialLighr lnfantry,60meneach. 4 elements RegularLineInfanrry,78meneach.
    Experienc€d,cood morale.Skirmhhers. Expeienced,Excellentmorale.
    ColonelOliverParrddge1FCE+1rn Bold I elementGrenadiers, 50men.
    Veteran,Excellentmorale.
    l elementLight Picquet,40nen.
    FRENCHTROOPS ATTICONDEROCA Veteran,Excellentmorale.
    Notei All FrenchcrenadiersandLight picquetscan
    beusedas Lt. ColonelSenezergues 1FCE+3m Bold
    Lineor Skirmishtroops. RICII TLANK TROOPS
    ROYAI ROUSSILON DRIGADEIN THE CEN'IRE 3 elements La MarineColonyInfantry,50meneach.
    C'in-CandCommander ofthe Centre Average,Goodmorale.Skirmishers.
    LouisJoseph, MarquisdeMonrcalinlFCE +4m.r1d lnspiring CaptainRaymond1FCE+1m Bold
    Chiefof Staff 2 elements CanadianMilitia,50 meneach.
    Colonelt-ouisAntoineDe Bougainville Raw.Poormorale.Skirmishers.
    1FCE+2In 1dCautious CaptainNigon1FCE+1m Bold
    BrigadeMajor 2 elements CanadianMilitia, 50meneach.
    AdjutantGeneralPiereAndre. ComreDe Monreuu Raw,Poornorale. Skirmishers.
    lFCE +2m Bold Captainde laNaudiere1FCEornCautious
    2 elements CanadianMilitia,50 meneach.
    Royal Roussi on Regitrpnt
    5 elements Raw, Poormorale.Skirmishers-
    Regular LineInlanrry.7t meneach.
    Experienced, captain Gannes IFCE +2mBold
    Goodmorale.
    I elementGrenadiers, 50men. GAP AND RTVERGUAXI)
    Veteran,Excellentmorale. 1 elementRegularVolunteerLight Company,54men.
    I elementLighrPicquer,40 men. Veteran,Excellentmorale.
    Veteran.Excellentmorale. CaptainDuprat1FCE+2m Bold
    Lt. ColonelPoulhariez lFCE +3m Bold 1 elementRegularVolunteerLightCompany,54men.
    Veteran.Excellentmorale.
    2ndBattalion Berry R€giment
    CaptainBernardlFCE +2mBold
    5 elemenl(RegulrrLineInrdntry. 70meneach.
    Raw,Goodmorale. I elementmixedIndiansandVoyageurs,30 men-
    Veteran,Goodmorale.Skirmishers.
    2 elementsLight Picquets,40meneach.
    Average,Goodmorale. La MarineCaptainLangyMontegron1FCE+4m
    Lt. Colon€lTrevio1FCE0m Cautious 1 nodel I x light brass3pdr with 12 Cannonier,Bombardier

    DeL€vis'sVet€ranLight companies Average.Goodnorale.


    4elementsRegularmixedderachments,69neneach.
    REINFORCEMENTUNITS
    Veteran,Excellentnorale. SkirmishorLine.
    First Unit
    LA REINE BRIGADE ON TIIf, RIGHT WING
    2 elements CanadianMilitia,40meneach.
    BrigadierGaston Raw. Poor morale.Skirmishers.
    Francoisde LevisIFCE +3m +1d Inspiring
    Lt. Duplessis1FCE+1m Cautious.
    l,a R€ineR€ment
    4 elemen|s RegularLrneInfant' v. 70menedch Second Unit
    Experienced, Coodmorale. 3 elements CanadianMilitia, 50meneach.
    I elementGrenadiers,50 Raw, Poor morale.Skirmishers.
    men.
    Veteran,Excellenrmorale. Commissary Boisvert1FCEornCautious
    l elementLight Picquet,40men. ARTILLERY SUPPORT
    Veteran,Excellentmorale. BaatcryJ
    Lt. ColonelBernes1FCE+lm Cautious I model5x 6pdrswith30mixedcrew.Average.coodmorale.
    GuyenneRegiment Battery K
    5 elements RegularLine Infantry,75meneach. l model5 x l2pdrswith 60mixedcrew.Average.cood morale.
    Expedenced, cood morale. RFIERI'E A1 FORT CARRILON
    l elementGrenadiers,50 men. 3rd Battalion B€rry Regiment
    Veteran,Excellentmorale. l elementLine lnfantry,100men.Raw,coodmorale.
    I elementLight Picquet.40men. Lt. ColonelTre€esson 1FCE+2m Bold
    Veteran,Excellenrmorale. 4 modelsammoandsupplycartsescortedby:
    Lr. ColonelLaunay1FCE+1m Bold 4el€mentsLine Infantry,T0meneach.Raw.cood morale.
    LA SARRDBRIGADEON THE LEFT WING BaneriesI, N and M
    ColorelFrancois CharlesdeBourtamaque 1FCE+2m Bold l modelin ea€hbattery4 x 12pdrswith 24miredcrew.
    LanguedocRegim€nt Average, goodmorale.
    5 elements RegularLineInfanrry,T0meneach.
    Experienced, cood morale.
    I elementGrenadiers,50 men.
    Veteran,Excellentmorale-
    l elementLight Picquet,zl0men.
    .AMOST
    VIIJTINOUS.TOOKING
    CIVALCADE'
    TheAfgfianReguhrArmytn the 19thC.entury
    Part 18: Illstory andOrgantsatlon
    By lan Heath

    janadat. T\ree such platoons constituted a battety (kuno


    TIIE ARTILLERY
    commandedby a major (rne.rt; anothersourcesaysthe battery
    Though Dost Mohammedpossesseda considerablenumber of was commandedby a,tifd", with the major as his second-in-
    guns, these were invadably antiquated pieces, many dating command). Sometimesbatteries were divided up on active
    back to the 18lh Century or even earlier (a brassgun captured service, when two-gun platoons might be a[ocated to the
    by the Bdtish in 1879bore the date'1625').Belew describes supportof individual infantry reeiments.
    gunshe sawin 185?asso old andrusty that they were 'probably An assonmentof betweenthree and eight horses,mulesor
    asdangerousto themselvesastheir enemies'.Thh remainedthe ponies(often usedin placeof mulesby the mountain-battedes),
    caseuntil 1869,when,after havingbeenpres€ntedby the Indian or sometimesbullocks or camels,were allocatedper field-gun
    Govemment with a siege-battery(four 18-pdn and two 8" or mountain-gunfor transport, most commonlysix or eight for
    howitzers)and a mountain-battery(four 3-pdrsand two 12-pdr the former and up to five for the latter, which were sometimes
    howitzers),SherAli determinedto modemhe his o$,nartillery drawnby a teamof two or threeponiesrather thanpackedup on
    in its entirety. The British helpfuly, if shortsightedly,aranged their backs.The heaviestgunsof all werehauledby elephants.15
    for a s€nior Afghan anificer to be trained at Peshawar,and AI AJghanbatteriesnot composedof siegeor mountain-guns
    provided working models and blueprints so that Sher Ali was were designatedhone-artillery by the British, but this was
    able to manufacturehis own guns. Subsequentlyconsiderable simply asmany qewmen ascould find themselvesa space$ete
    quantitiesof rifled and smoothboremuzzle-loadingfield-guns, normally to be seenmounted on either the gun-teamsor the
    rifled mountain-guns and breechloading Armstrongs \verc addiaionalhorsesthat c.arriedthe battery'sprcvisionsand other
    producedin found esat Kabul, Herat and ehewhere,to sucha mataiel. G\n-cani^ges, limben and wagons alike were all
    high standardthat only a tiger's face and Persianinscription on madeon the Bdtish pattem, and in the absenceof information
    the barlel distinguishedthem from British pieces.During the to the conffary one has to supposethat they were likewis€
    1880sthe BalaHhsararsenalat Kabulevenstartedto produce painted grey, if at all. (The only allusion to colours that I've
    Gatling guns(the Afghansalsohad Gardiner, Nordenfeldt and comeacrossis a commentthat somegunsseenat Kandaharin
    Maxim machine-gunsby the 1890s). 1872weremountedon carriages 'whitewith age.)
    The total number of guns available by the outbrcak of Under Sher Ali the number of men per battery appearsto
    hostilitiesin November1878waswell in excessof 300,the most have beefl 70 for mountain-guns,bulock-drawn batteries and
    detailed figures claiming that there werc 145 'horsed guns' siege-guns,and 150 for field-batteries, but under Abdur
    consistingof 89 breechloaders (6, 8, 9 and l2-pdrs are all Rahman battery strength was standardisedat 100, with each
    recorded,the majority being 6 and 12-pdrAmstrongs) and 56 platoon comprising32 menplus a
    Jamadar.Sidearmsc.aniedby
    brassmuzzleloaders, apparendymostly 6 and g-pdrsbut also gunnersconsistedof a pistol in mountain-batteriesand a sword
    includingsomeI and l2-pdrsi150mountain-guns, madeup of in field-batteries,while the crewsof garrisonartillery carriedno
    six4-pdr breechloaders,48 iron 7 andg-pdrsand96 brass3 and annamentat all.
    6-pdrs and f2-pdr howitzers, all mu?zleloaders and the The braveryof Afghan gunnen - rhe majority of whomwere
    majority of them rifled: 34 siege-guns,16 of then elephant Qizilbashes and their expertise in selecting their gun-
    drawnand the remaining18bullock-dmwn; andfinally 50 small positions, are both frequendy praised by ey€-witnesses.
    'gunsof position', theselast two groupsincluding 8' howitzers,
    However,the accuracyof their fir€ wasgeneraly very poor, not
    18and24-pdrsmoothbores,zGpdr breech{oadeNand mortars least because their fuses (fiIst used only in 1879) and
    firing shotweighingup to lzolbs. ammunitionalikeweresounreliablethat,evenin Britishhands,
    The fact that the British found a large numbetof thesegunsin Afghan,guns 'only occasionally. . . placed a shel with any
    storagein 1879confirmssuggestionsthat there wasfrequendya effect."'An eye-witness ofAfghanartilery pmcticeduringthe
    shortage not only of appropriate ammunition, but also of 1880s observed thatthei fire was'seldorn nearcrthan50yards'
    trained gunnels.Certainly the Herat garrision in 1877included fromthetarget.Shell,round'shot,canisterandgrape-shot were
    only 500artilertmer whenits allocationof serviceableguns(let all theoretically available, round-shot and gape being those
    alone the 12 it had in store) called for more than 900, while mostcommonlyused.
    Abdur Rahnlao in 1882had only r,600 gunnersin his entire
    almy, barelysufficieDtto manhaf his 182gunsat that date. The
    only contemporaryBritish estimateof the stlength of SherAli's GUARDTJNITS
    artillery (5,190nen) is calculatedfrom the number of batteries Under Sher Ali and Yakub Khan these appear to have
    into which it was organised,so cannot be taten too literally. comprisedttuee infantry regimentscalledthe /rdrli Pd,anr, or
    Significantly field-armies encountered during 1878-80were 'Orderly' Regiments, and a cavalry regiment, the Rira/a-i
    usuallyaccompaniedby at most only 3040 guns Sftdri. An accountof 1879describesthe former asbeins made
    The artillery was subdividedaccoding to the type of animal up of menspeciallyselecLed from amongstall the annj i other
    by which it was dftwn, into iavdli ('horse-dmwn', or field- regiments.Another source,by describingthem as'the kilted or
    afillery), qatati ('nule-drawn', or mountain-artilery), flt Orderly Reginents', suggeststhat they and the exotic troops
    ('elephant-drawn', orsiege-artillery) andgapi('bulock-drawn' dressed in imitation of a British Highland regiment (and
    or fortress-anillery). Organisationwasbasedon the gubdrSor consequenlly referredto as the ltigbla_nd GuaJd in Brilish
    platoon, of two guns,their crews,and(in the caseof field-pieces sourc€s).wereone and lhe samerhing.'' These Highlanden'
    at least) six ammunition wagons,all under th€ commandof a could be found both on foot and mouted, Hensmandescribins
    thCmas SherAli's 'mountedrifles'. However.it seemslikelv
    that in realiLvehheroniy oneA di Puh,1nwasacruallyh;s
    attired, or that the kilt waspart of a 'dress'uniform, only wom
    for ceremonialguard duty; certainly soldien of an ,Orderly'
    regiment seen in action by Mitford late in 1879did not wear
    kilts. In addition the identification of the .HiqhlandeN'wirh the
    'Orderlies'isnot an
    absolutecenainty,sincelhomasHoldich,
    member of the Boundary Commissionwhich visited Herat in
    a
    QUAL,ITICA
    20mm(l / 72) scaleligurines
    I885. actuallydescribesrhe imrtarionHighiandbodyguard'
    that warchedoverthen ar beingdraun chieflyftom rhiLgar
    The SefiowAltetdative'
    "S€ntiesreponZllhstothesodl!€€sr,0lou!an&of'elrl'
    Regrmenl.whrchappearsto bavebeenan otberwiseordinary
    WeI nine.cnralb,atlaslclunl bUtlEypromise 10runabourald
    Under Abdur Ra]lman the /rlari grew to a strengthof four util the&sr oItheirmai€sardve,whichshouldnlb€loolongnow.
    normally 1,000,strong regimeDrs and the Srafti to three
    800-strongregiments,all better-armedand uniformed than the ForaI youACWfais,dleReb€lCaralryshouldnowbein senice,
    rest of the army. However, Holdich described,Orderlies, he readytotileontheunionGialrylauchedLdmo lLNen
    sawin 1893as being 'the old soldiersof the force, respectable. rel€€ses wil bedislt|oufledfting-line,IbrEeholdets
    elc.1ob€
    quietmen. . . wellstricken in years. swifrlyfolos€dbythei$t oftheZouaves.
    Abdur Rahmanalso had a 2oo-strongcavalryunit of female Noraslbrlnessagefci!ellyouAncieslal|!,wllohaveplobably
    haremguards('femaleslavesandservanrs'), described in 1890 feltlefrou qplo now.Havenof6ar,qEhaveenqas€d theservices
    as armed with a sabreand carbine and wearins a veil under a ofanaddnional desiqmer
    wllohasbeeibeavering a$ayb€hjndlhe
    solarhelmetor felt hat.le sc€n6s producingasplendidrangeof!'tidhd CenturyADRomais
    andnalclinglafiadall!, theftst ofwhichshouldb€available
    by
    th€rimeyour€adthisad- sendlor delail5
    TIIEMILITIA Forillust'dledcatalogue
    ands.mplesend50pstand3! IRCS tol
    In addition to the regulararmy, the serviceof tribal contingents
    could alsobe calledupon in a variety of ways,ihe only onewith ouAliflC|tsr, 29lhe Qra!ro&, Hnwic&Bcd!Mr$ rIC,
    which we are concemed here being the semi-regularmilitia
    fbeE cludE Obffittt@br
    force known as the ./ezailciir (after the traditional matchlock A rlal ft lcaat ln tlo.lh An rtc. !
    j?zail\L-otKhassadats. TolalUngin 187?-78some 80-95.000
    horse- and 60.000[oor. elemenlsof rhis torce invariably
    accompanied regulararmyunitsin tbefreldin aLleastequalatrd
    *iffi,-*H:-fiHHffi
    oftensuperiornumbers.Thenajoriry wereprovidedbilarious
    chieftainswhen called for, in retum for their $ants of tax-free
    land, but a small number only about 2,000men in 1846and
    3,500in1857,but subsequently increasing to about7,500hone TIIE REGULARARMY ONTHE BATTLEFIELD
    and 9,000foot under Sher Ali were paid directtyby the ThoughAfghan regularswerc emplacedand manoeuvredwith
    Government.Thesereceivedtheir pay evenwhennot engaged a surprisingdegreeof regularity prior to battle being opened,
    on activese ice, in exchangefor which they were expectedto andwhile it is record€dthat theydid not fight in uresmc way as
    be ready to serveat a moment'snotice. mostAJghansbut insteadattempted'to fight a battle with some
    Thos€in dircct Govemmentemploywerechiefly usedto hold approachto Eurcpeanmethodd,oncecommittedto actionth€
    fons and minor posts throughout the country on a vinually indications aretharunitson the wholesoonlostformationand,
    permanentbasis,and in addirionto lheir pay consequentl) rn consequen€eprincipally of their insufficient training and
    receivedarms(usuallymusketsor the oldervarieries of nJleas poor leadership. manyindividualstendedro fal backon lheir
    they were phasedout of servicewith the regular army) and a traditional fighting skills, where good use was made of the
    yearly issue of clothing. crodekoff records thar the latter slightest cover to work their way close to the enemy,slines
    consistedof a red cap, a kaftan and a pair of trousers, other preparatory to launching a chaqe that was intended to be
    sourcesindicatingthat ar leastsomeof the clotheswere actually decisive. Getting clo6e to rhe enemy rvas tooked upon as a
    worn-out or surplus regular army uniforms. In 1885a British necessitybecauseol lherr poor marksmanshipwith their
    officer even forJ'nd a Khassadar infantryman in AJghan Gov€mment-issueifles, Hensmannoting ihat they feh tha! at
    Tu*estan wearingthe 'kilt', trousersandbeaten,uDhehea of a closequaners they might possibilyhit their man, but ar longer
    'HighlandCuard .Tl
    iangesthey could not hope to shoot well.'He adds that
    Militia organisationadheredto the traditional decimalsysrem otherwise,thoughthey might shootrapidly andresolutely,they
    establishedunder the Duranis, based on the 100-shons tendedto lose hean at the minimal effect of their fire and fall
    company.nowmostcommonly calledabarra&andcommandei back,abandoningevenstrongpositionswhich would havebe€n
    by a radDarii. This was still subdividedinto ten sectionsof ten otheruise difficult to take.
    men, though the eistence of an officer called a Diniaba*i There arc neverthelessindications that formal arrav was
    fleaderof50)suggests rheresere alsobalf-companias, suchas sometimes mainlainedevenin action.Ar Maiwandin I8dO,for
    were lo be Iound in regulararmy organisarion.Anyvhere instance,one irfantry regiment marchedup on the left of the
    betweenthree and six compafliesappearto have formed th€ British line 'and exchangedvolleysat a few hundredyardswith
    command of a sartip, and larger bodies lvere nominally the lst Grcnadierc', while in a minor engagementat Zurgun
    commandedby a safiang, b\tt organisation becomesa bit Shahr tkee weeks earli€r some of Alub Khant infantry are
    woo[y ar this juncrure. Yate noted one group of three evenrecordedattemptingro form squarein the faceof a cavalry
    companies that hadbotha rrrrp aDda.ra.,targ,whereasother cbarge,a British officer statingthat'when we cam€within about
    groups had neither (in whi€h case the senior sadrarri took 300yardsof the Afghan infantry their generalsmanagedto rally
    command). Another militia officer w^s the hazafiashi or them into somekind of separaresquaresto receiveour shock.
    minqbashi (leadet of 1,000). crodekoff rccords that .every They vrere, however,too late, and our fellows in the front line
    thousandKlairaddruis fumished*irh a srandard.' gotin amongstthembeforetheywerequiteformed.'2
    WARRIORMINIATURES KEEPWARGAMING
    14TlvertonAvenue,GlasgowG329NXScotland iit_ffrfllE{sit p.,
    . - _,t..^.t
    _ . .Tara<,
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    lhaatr,/ol'.A. ttut dqd.d@ e@.
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    riatreii]qFE . .. , .- ---;-i
    Pki6estL inlec$h| enplc 24h@dwDl$P, tFbl€0141'7783126 Le Marchantbarracxs,LondonRoad,
    Madolha'!?rtc Devizes,wiltshire,
    sN71o
    2ER,uK
    l5oo IIIIES - odlvSnrtt !.1.50r€l Chw tm f@r-td Bi[t' lr.{ddj6
    flddEcwnM6rdkdmibs AC{,Nrif n 56(I 18$Caw Cohri.'lZ][dd ffiffi
    BddsLFai@C;d @EldladSlclelNifiinuoi lmpic h 6dr my pad 6Mt@tue ws 3h.ll be.tthe following 3hom in th€ nerlutuE:
    24lh June Fiasco,Leeds
    25i! MK)IE0NICA[IltS - 0lv.vfr69rrl$X2 7trdl ]fl) pi&.qg|irish, Fftd,, AmdSDotuC.ntB
    ftNiar. Ru!i& A6-hir($ddr stMhh Julv Atac[ Ddizd
    tmpiG CEd!R@a Paid\ lldid, Com Exchans€
    E@l&li'r'fg-'NLY ttg.t!ttuA.orrdr. Sodhsn Milhai6, Gcsfr
    led6daq Nss4 s!nM( lldBoLi,Ir&lddhE, M.de*, ACWNddrdd soud'dc Fon Bbckhu6il
    - I80,ltnzrr, M 40b d@ i@
    25@DlAAruIES 29rhB0thJulv STaa,Sournemodh
    Oak66ad Schoo. OuckLan6
    Ntl/20m
    25@EeW$-80f2&, ltuflo]lrl& AIitrde!@bpqualiyanot
    SDd6hCn{Wa Vptm dd Mdm USAEstriw l5m Cobnilt'd E4lipnali5lirg

    Details of batdefield deploymentare rare. At Maiwand the


    regular infantry formed the centre (seven regiments) and
    'at
    reserve (three rcgiments), with their artilery distributed
    intervals', while the iregular horseandfoot formed the left and
    ight, the latter consistingentirely of cavaby including tbree
    regimentsof regulars. In the confrontation betweenthe rival
    regularforcesof Amir Abdur RahmanandAlub Khan at Karez
    in July 1881,Alub drew up in line on dsing gound with his
    artillery to the ftont and his cavalry on the left, *hile Abdur
    Rahman'stroops formed up in column, with their guns to the
    hont and cavalryon the right. 'Ayub senthis cavalryround the
    right flank of the Amir's force to attackthe baggage.The Amir
    moved his cavairy to his left, faced them about, and engaged
    Ayub's cavalry, who had got completelyround the right flank
    and were to the right rear of the baggage.In the meantime
    AFb's infantry hadcomeinto the plain in line, andhisright was
    attackedand driven back by two of the Amirt regiments;but
    being reinforced he in his tum drove back thesetwo-r^egiments
    onto the guns.'The repulseendedin a generalflight."

    NOTES
    ls Elephantshad been usedin the Afghan army sincethe 18th w WARGAMESRESEARC
    GROUP
    Century, usually for the transport of suppliesor guns. Timur
    Shah, however, is recorded to have sometimesused his in
    battle, to disrupt enemyformations. ln 1878Sher Ali is said to
    have had 100 elephants at Kabul, and there were others
    elsewhere.Many, if not all, of thesehad been Fovided by the
    British since1869.
    16J. Luther VaughanM) Senicein theIndian Amy andAfte\
    1904.
    K TheKeep
    LeMarchantBarracks,
    Wiitshire,
    Devizes,
    LondonRoad.
    SN102ER,UK
    T€l& Fax{01380)724558
    PublicationB
    C.S.G.
    NEW! Warg.mesc.mpaignsbyC.S.Grant e12.5O
    Acomprehensive introduction,usefuI for mostperiods,
    1?Both thesereferencesare from the accountsof eye-witnesses
    in IndiabyC,S.Grant
    Wellingiton f4.50
    to ihe massacreof the British Mission in Kabul given in
    Pa iamenttryAccountsand Pryers 1880,Vol. LII, which state lmportedtromthe U.S,A.
    that one, two or evenall three of the 'Orde y'Regiments took NEW! B.ttl$of theAmericanCivilWar f9.95
    pan in the attack. 15 HistoricalScenarioswritten primarilyfor regimentaI
    t3 T. Hung€rford Holdich The Indian Bo e and. 1880-19W, "FkeandFury"scenarios
    basedrulesystems,witht]/vo
    lq)1. included.
    le John Afred Gnray ,{, ,l e Court of theAmir,1907. f9.95
    ArmatibyArtyCunliff€
    'o TechnicallyKiarsalar horsemenwere known as I(iapdnit- Otiickplayrulessystem,AncientstoEarlyRsnaissance.
    rowdrs. Such inegular cavalry, describedas 'armed in every TradeTermsAvailableon A!l theAbovePublications
    conc€ivableway' (everythingfrom swords,shieldsandlancesto POSTAGE PACKING
    &
    matchlocks,Martinis andChassep6ts beingattribut€d to them), UnitedKingdom-Add 10%lvinimum50pj
    was heavily relied upon in the provincesof Herat and Afghan Maximumf3.00
    Turkestan, AirmailEuroDe-Add 25%Minimumf1.00
    21C.E.'{ ateNofth Af Restofworld-Add 25%Surface;50%Airmail
    Ehanistan,1888.
    2 waler AsheP€rsonalRecorb of the KandaharCampaignbt Minimumi1.00
    Offrce6 EngagedTherein,1881. Visa,Access(Mastercad, Eurocad) & JCBAccepted
    aPa iammtaryAccountsord Papers1881,Vol. LxX. In fact
    Forafulllistofallourproducts pleasesendan s,a.e,
    or
    Abdur Rahmanwasnot present,his troops being commanded 2lRC'stotheaboveaddress.
    by Ghulam Haidar lftan.
    35

    ARUSSIAN
    TROM SCENARIO
    FOR
    BATTATION/PJGIMENIA
    SIZED -TIIEDEFENCE
    GAMES OF\IIIJAGE
    T'.3MINCXI
    1942
    By ChrisPeers
    In an earlier WI I examined one of the small-scalebattles oppostethe south-westem comer of ,.VillageT", and halted
    describedin W. Victor Madej's The Russo-GermanWa\ tune 400yardsawayto fire ar the defetrdersposir-ions.
    Ten minures
    1941-Maf 1945 - Sma Unit Actions, Improvisatiotts anil later the olher four tanks T-l4s - appeared.
    and charged
    Pa itan Wafate (Valor Publishing,Allentown, Pennsylvania, straight lowards tle Cermans. As usuatrhe
    l?mms wire
    1986). I have found this book especially useful becauseit completely ineffective againstthe T-34s, which
    simDIvroled
    concentrateson historical actions of rhe size which we as over rhe fronr line and drove aroundal wiit in
    the co;oanv s
    wargamers are likely to be ableto recreareon the tabte.so I posirion.They soon deslroyedthe anLi-tankguns,
    Uur ine
    make no apologiesfor presentinganotherone here, Compared Geman infantry stood fast and without their
    "Kurovitsky, o*,n infanrrv
    to 30th August 1941",which involveda small supponthe tankscoulddo [rrle to harmtherDlir appears
    !hai
    Geman companyagainsttwo Russiancompanies,this battle is their foxioles. dug into deep-frozeD ground. were able to
    somewhatbigger - a reinfor€ed companyve^us a rei orced withstandthe preslureol rbetanksdriving
    o!er rhem.andthe
    regiment- but should be just about within the resourcesof a metr 'nsidewere relalivelysafe &om
    machjDe-gun and €ven
    smallgroup of players,evenif a 1:1figure scaleis used.Like its high-explosivetue. After two houls of chaos,
    wtttr the r-:+s
    predece\sor il illuslraresthe considerable quaharivesuperioF charging here and there exchangingfire with Germans
    ity which the cermans slill enioyedat riris date, bui riere aroundrbem.rhe RussianiDfantryfitraUy all
    appearedin roughly
    shouldbe plenty of opponunitiesfor the Russianplayerto show ballalon stretrgti ("approximately300'
    accordingto rle
    how it should be done within the limitations imDosedbv his Gernansource).Because ofthe deepsnowrheyhadrdadvance
    commandandcontrolsystem. inthetracksofthetanks whichwasprobablywhathaddelayed
    The German thrust toreardsMoscow in the autumn anat them - and their attack was noiable
    for its ineptitu'de.
    winterof 1941,and the subsequenr Russiancounteroffensive, Advancingin a disorganised manner.rbey beganro panica!
    left the centralpart of the ftont in an extremelyconfusedsrate, soonasthe cermansopenedfire oo them
    wjth unitsofboth sidesholdingpocketsandsalients i therrofficeisdrove
    facingin all them forward at pistol point for while, but the attack was
    directions.Thusin lateFebruary1942,the2ndBattalion;frhe quicklyrepulsedand the infantryretired
    backinto the forest,
    C€rman 464rh lnfanrry Regimenr.belongrnglo rhe 25jrd followed reluctantlv bv the tanks
    Infanlry Division.lound 'tself detendingits posirionsagajtrsr Another attack waisoon launched,however,
    wirh souadsof
    Russianartackscoming from the wesi The bartalionwas RussiatrinfanEy riding oD rop ot lbe T-34s.
    This time the
    holdiDga village known in this sourceoDly a,r -ViUageT' defenders werereadyfor tbem.runningout to thro\r anti-tank
    (presumably hom itsshapeonfie map),nonh ot Olenin; near mjnesunder rheir tracksas rhey enreredlhe
    Germanlines.
    the railway iine which linked the towns of Rzhevand Velikive Three of them were knocked out and the
    survivor retreated;
    Lukj.ThefrontUneranforaboul2500 yardsnonh-soulh alo;g meanwhile,the Russiansfollowing on foot cameunder monar
    the westemedgeofthe village,lookingout towardstheedgeof fire and quickly followed ir. The KVs
    conthueat to fire in
    an extensiveforest,acrossa strip of opengound 500to 1000 support, but to litde effect. A few Russian
    deracnmenBwere
    yards wide. The weather was extremely cold with deep snow, left strandedamongthe cerman
    outposts,andhadto be cleared
    out of whicb the cermans bad consrrucredimpiovised
    defences.
    CompanyE of the 46,tth held the sectorin the centre of the
    village.wrth F Companyro th€ nonh. Companyc occupieda
    posation on lhe left o[ the ba alion. exrendingjusr over 1000
    yads beyondthe built-up areato the south.
    During most of February the sector was qui€t, but the
    Russianswere secretlyamassingsizeabl€forcesin the foreststo
    the west. An holrr after sunrise on 27 February. about 80
    Russianinfanrryemerged from rhewoodsandmadi a hopeless
    attack against F Company at the north-west comer of the
    village. The attackerswerequickly mown down, but this did not
    preventthe SovietsIaunchingidenticalattacks,at the sametime
    andin the sameplace,everydayuntil2 March.Thisapparently ^t
    ;"1
    pointless activity was presumablyintended as a diversion to
    distract attention from the main effort to the south, but in the
    event it proved futile. On the evening of 2 March, a Russian
    desefer appearedin the cerman lines and aDnouncedthat an
    eDdreinfantryregimenr.supponedby sixlaDks.wa! preparing
    to attackthe sectorheld by CompanyG.
    Thecompanycommander rhereforetook precautioDs.
    anritank minesacrossthe road leadinglo rhe vi agelrom the
    lalng 't.
    . l
    &
    south-west,andforming a teserveof ten menfrom eachplatoon
    ro counler.arlack anyRussianbrea-k-in. He wasalsoreinforced GEXAI{ pFals|v: msfTro.r Anolrp "vlr cE T-.
    with three37mmanti-tank guns,which in rhe eventprovedto be
    of little value.
    At 0820on I March the viuagewas bombedby Russian
    a[craft, while two KV heavy tanks came out of the forest SUGGESI6aornD^ftYoFuYflG^Rc^
    out by local counter-attacksduring the following night. RegimentalReccePlatoon(on skis)-
    On 5 Marchthe Russians triedagain,thistime in force.Two HQ with 1rifle €lement(4'5men),1sniper.
    or threeinfantryregrments and16tanksattackedtheentire2nd Threesections, eachof6'10men(2 elements) with SMCS-
    Battalionsector,supportedby adllery andmortarfire, which Understrengthcompanyof four T-34l76s.
    wasagainmadeineffectiveby the deepsnow.But after dark
    they finally managedto penetratethe depletedG Company's Understrength platoonof two KV-1s.
    front and get infantry into the souihernpart of the village. Two Rifle Battalions,eachwith -
    "VillageT" wasevacuatedbythe Germanson 6March,andthe BattalionHQ with 6-9rnenin two elements.
    lin€re'established two milesfurthereast. Anti'TankRifle Platoonwith nineanti-tankrifles.
    Though typical of countlesssuch actionsduring this period,
    the way the initial attackon the villagewashandleddoesnot ThreeRifle Companies, eachwith -
    refle€tmuchcrediton the Russiancommander. His attemptsat HQ - rwo dfle elements (3'4 men), two Maxim MMGS,two
    a diversion were ill-timed, and he failed to exploit the 50mn Lighr mortan.
    invulnerability of his tanks by supporting them at the right ThreeRifle Platoons,eachof-
    momentwith infantry.The questionis,canyou do better?The HQ 1 rifle element,2light machine-guns.
    folowing briefings and orders of battle for both sideswilt give Thre€sections, eachofS-10riflemen(2 elements).
    youa chanceto find out. Notethat asdetailedorganisations are
    not givenin the sourceI havereconstructed themasbestI can, Note that most of the above units are understrength.In
    usingthe standardtableswhereinformationis lacking. particularI haveassumed that, owingto the difficultiescaused
    by the deepsnow,mostofthe battalionsupportweaponshave
    hadto be left behind.
    GERMANBRIEFING
    You are LieutenantViehmann,commandingG Companyof SPECIALRULES
    znd Bat.alion,46,1tIInfantryRegiment.You are defendinga
    sector on the southem edge of the village, facing westwards- As usualI havetriedto keepthesenotesgeneralenoughto fitin
    Your dght flank is coveredby E Companyof your battalion, with whateverrulesetyouareusedto.I haveassumed thata 1:1
    andyourleft by a conpanyof 1stBattalion.All youl troopsmay figurescalewill be employed,but thisscenarioisprobablyjust
    be dug-inin slit trenchesor foxholes.You ar€ expectingan big enoughto be feasiblewith a set of ruleslike Commard
    attackby a regimentof Soviet infantry, supportedby six tanks.Decitior, in which an elementrepresentsa platoonof about
    Your orders are simply to hold your positions, and to prevent40-50 infantry, or five vehicles or guns. Other suitable rules
    the enemyfrom gettinginto the villageand rollingup the line include the wRG 1925--1950 set, and the ne\\ Grcy stom, Red
    heldby the othercompanies of the battalion. Sre€ltrom FirebaseGames(which I admit I havent tded yet,
    but theylook interesting).
    Any set of ruleswhichcoversthe RussianFront shouldbe
    CompanyHQ 2 rifle elements (3-4meneach),l radio. ableto copewith the effectsof snowon movement,but in this
    ThreePlatoons,eachof - action it also influenced events by d€adening the effect of
    HQ of r dfle element,l MG34light nachine-gun,1 anti-tank artilery. Therefore treat all high-explosive as one calibre
    rifle. categorysmaler than it actually is (using the \\aRG rules, for
    TwoSections, each1rifle element,1MG34. example,treat82mmand76mmroundsasbeingin the "37mm
    to 60mm"category).when movingin the iracksofthe tanks,
    CompanyR€serve Russianinfantrymayignoremovementpenaltiesdueto snow,
    ThreeSections, eachasabove. but somemodifiershouldbe inlroducedmakingthemeasierto
    Three37mm,{-,{5anti-tank guns. hit astheyarea bunchedtarget.UnderwRG, treatthemasin
    SLOW modefor firing purposes.
    Two MG34son rripodmounts. How you classifyyour troops' rnorale and training levelswill
    Sufficientanti-tankmines to cover a frontageof 100yards,
    and depend on the rules, but the contrastbetweenthe veteran
    to equipthreerifle elements (countingasantitank genades). German unit and the inexperiencedand hesitantRussian
    infantrywill have1obe broughtout. On the other hand,the
    BattalionMortar Sectionin DirectSupport,with fire controller Soviettank crewsshoweda greatdealof dashand determina'
    andburiedtelephone line, andthree8lmmmortars. tion in the absence ofany decentsupport- no doubtincreased
    Battalion Mortar Sectionasabove,but in GeneralSupport.Fire by the realisationthat they rverecompletelyinvulnerableto the
    from thissectionmustbe requested viathe BattalionComman_ 37mms.If they had showedsometac.icalsenseas well, the
    der, whosecommandpostis behindE Companyhsectorinthe outcome of the attack on 3 March might have been different,
    village. but that is for the player io put dght if he can . .

    RUSSIANBRIEFING VICTORYCONDITIONS
    Your orders are to force the enemyto evacuatethe village by Simple.The Russians win if.hey get at leasttwo tanksand a
    outflanking it from the south. The sector south of the builtup platoon of infantry off the table along the line A-A (seemap)
    areais believedto be heldby a singleGermancompany. beforenightfatl.The Gemanswin if theydon't
    50,000+SECoNDHANDWARGAMESFIGLTRES
    RegimentalHQ1015nen in 2or3elements,lradio. Alwaysin stock.All scales.
    Mostmanufacturers.
    RegimefltalHowitzer Platoonwith forward observer(no radio) SAEstatingintercstsfor liststo:
    andfour 76mm/L17infantryguns,undercommand. A.J. Dumelow,
    53StatrtonRoad,Stapenhill,
    Mortar Companywith fire controller(no radio) and three Burton-on-Trent,StaffsDE159RP.
    82mmmortan,undercommand. Tel€phoner(0283)530556.
    T't'o picturcsof the Wotld Wsr Tbo, EastemFrc gameput on by the Defty club at Partizan '95at KethamHaU tastmonth. The
    showwasa bit of afeattfor WWII gane6 ||ith oher gamesput on by Colin Runfotu & the Societj TtlentiethCenturyWaryamers
    (photosof thebg6ne in alutwe ksue)snd no lessthanseventnde standlcarrying WWII rangei.fot
    There'sanotherPaftizan at KelhamHa oh satuda)'. Augtltt 19th.(Denonstritorc are urgTdto provide their own back-drcp to
    saveourphotogruphet haringto I g hisaraun.l!l
    38
    Shor +4
    FASTATTACK Modifiers: weaponRange:
    Medium
    Long -4
    0

    WarfaleRsles
    WorldWarII Coastal We8ponT!p€: Automatic
    Stabilised
    +2
    +2
    47mm+ -1
    By DominicSkelton
    In recent years, the war on tbe "Narrow Sead' has glown 4'+ 3
    steadilyin popularity, with severalcommercialrules setsbeing Visibility: Nrght 4
    available, along with a wide variety of high quality models, FoC 3
    maidy in 1:600scale.However, beingan awkwardsort, I'm not Mist -2
    happy with the rules currently available. The main reasonfor Rain - I
    this is the scaleat which the commercialrules operate.They're SeaStatel Calm +1
    a[ designedfor squadronsof boats, with relatively little Choppy -1
    attention being pard to detail in terms of individual vessels. Rough -3
    Theserulesare intendedto fill in the gap left b) commercial Miscr0atr€ous. Smoke -2
    sers.aDdenableyou to fight actionsin whrcheacbvesselis an Targetl,€ngth
    "individual". They're best suited to gameswith no more than -1
    Under50'
    one or three boatsper playet, asany more tendsto result in tie Very Large
    gamebeing too slow, and measurementsare given in inches. Target +2
    Megalomaniacs(eg. me!) should use a very large floor, four TargetSpeed
    inchesinsteadof one, and 1:72Airfix ships!(And the budding E ormore -2
    Richard Marshesamong you can use yofi soatch_built Hunt
    classdes[oyers; don't peoplethat talented makeyou sick?) Werpon Range
    Ranges: \T€ Short Medium l,ong
    MG 3' 6' 12'
    ORDERS HMG 4' 8" r6'
    All movementand firing is simultaneous,so Playersmustwrite l5mmCannon s' 10' m'
    ordersfor eachvesselat the beginningof eachtum. Thesemust 20mmCannon 6' t/' 24'
    include: 25mmCannon 8' t6' 32'
    30mmCannon 9' 1a' 36'
    1. The speedof the vesselthat move. 27l40mmCannon t7' 24' 48"
    2. Any tumsit's goingto make. 47l50mmCannon 15" 30' $"
    3. Any torpedoes it's firingthat tum. 5TmmCannon 1A' 36' 72'
    4. Any depth-chargesto be released. 3"CaDDon 48" 99'
    4" Cannon 30' w 12ry'
    MOVEMENT
    Vesselsmoveat a rate of oneinch per tum for everyfive knots of
    Eff€ctsof Hits
    sDeed.Therefore a vesselcaDableof 36knots would be tounded youscorea hit on anenemyvessel, roll percentage
    diceto
    off to 35 knors, giving sevefinches per tum. Vesselswith more When
    see whether therc are any specialeffectsother than actualhull
    than one engine/propellorhave severalmaximum speeds,the
    damage.Note that all hits causehull damage:any other effects
    s€condandanyfurther onesreprcsentingthe vessel'smaximum
    are additional. For a hit to causeany damage,it must penetrate
    speed with one or more engines/propellon knocked out.
    the target. Armour valuesare oDefor woodenvessels,and two
    Acceleration is limited to a changeof three inchesspeedper
    for metal. Additional armour Sivesan additional one armour
    tum, and dec€lerationis limited to a changeof two inches. pointper 5mmof armour.
    Tuming is givenin 30 degreeincrementsrather than the more
    usualtuming circles.Each boat hasone (or more if it hasmore
    than one rudder),tumiDgvalueG).Theseare the numberof l- 60 Hull hit only.
    inch€sa vesselmust travel fovard (minimum) , beforecarrying 6l- 70 Randomcrew hit.
    out a 30 degreetum. All tums are carried out by pivoting the 71- 80 Randomgunhit.
    model aiound its bow. A protractor can be usedif you feel it\ 81- 84 Randomenginehit.
    necessary,but most wargame6 should have no prcblem in 85- 86 Randompropellor sbaft hit.
    guessing30 degrees(one point of the clock). sometimes 87- 88 Randomrudderhit.
    damageto a vessel'senginecanmean it doesn'thavesufficient 89- 90 Helm hit.
    novement to make even a single tum. ln these cases,a note 91- 92 Depth-charge hit.
    "canied
    should be made of how far the model moved. and this 93- 94 Randomtorpedohit.
    over"to the nexttum. 95- 98 Fuelhit.
    99-100 Magazirc.
    GIJMIRE
    Gunneryis the mainstayof this form of combat, and due to the SIMON'S SOLDIERS
    operational level of the game, it is treated in a rather more A p.ofesstonalpairling seflice for wargameB bY a mlgmer'
    complicated way than is normal; although this is mainly All scalercat.ied ior (up io r lornm) bd t slM a sPecialitY,
    with a
    apparent in the next section, on hit effects. Therc are a few nmb6 of slmdards avatlableto suit Your taste ad Your pocket
    modifiersto hit that wouldn't nomally be seen,but nothing too For a l5tm sampl€ sad €1.50 to 14 Cae F&nnon, Bnc&Ia,
    drasticl addgatd, Mtd. GIao. CF3l ztIG ot conl!.i
    Stn@ Chdl€so.th d 0655 768556 for dei.ils.
    Firins is done on a d20. a modified scoreof 12or more hits.
    39
    If you hit a location which isn't presenton the rargetship (eg. a
    torpedohit on a landing craft), count ir asjusr a hul hit. AI hits
    by cannon have a chance of causinga fire: a d20 rol of 20
    TO THE
    incidatesthat a fre hasbeenstarted-
    Hull Hifs: To work out how muchhull damagea hit causes,roll
    a d6 and coDsultthe followine table:
    RETTOUBT'9EASTBOURNE
    MEIIATANMS
    WARGAMES SOCIETI
    Calibn DieRo[
    ofHil I 2 3 4 5 6 Pefthation
    OPEIIIIAY
    MG 0 0 0 r 1 1 d4-1 at
    HMG 0 l l l l 2 d 4 Easlbourne Redoubt
    15mnCannon I l l 2 2 3 d 4
    20mnCamon I 2 2 2 3 4 d 6 eAnd A 23rd luly 1996
    2jmn Cannon 2 2 3 3 4 5 d 6 lO.E ro E||n
    30mnCannon ) 3 4 5 6 7 d 8
    3740mm Cannon3 5 7 9 t 2 15 d8+l
    47l50mmCannon4 8 1 2 1 6 2 0 25 d10+1
    5TmnCanoon 4
    YCannon 8
    8 t
    18
    2 t 6 2 0
    30 42 55
    25 d10+4
    70 dr2+6
    DisplayGames
    4 Cannon 10 30 50 70 90 n0 &n+6 Particlpation
    Games
    Crew Hits: Crew hits strike a mndom crewmaD (dice for Trade Stands
    which). Automatic weapons hit d2 crewmen
    insteadof one, and guns3" or larger hit a d4 crew.
    Re-enactment
    It should be noted that a "hit" doesn'tnecessarily Groups
    meanthat the shot hasstruckthe crewman;he may
    be caught in the blast, struck by splinters, or
    something like that. Therefore it's possiblefor a
    man to survive a "hit" from even a 4'gunl
    Woundedcrewareout ofaction until attendedto I b'hon..ira,rrhn!;drcd.{
    by the vessel's sick-berth attendant (see the .Dh! iii eojdr 3 nL! d.r id i s htnd! rnGphsft.
    relevant seclion). To determine vrhether a crew-
    manis killed, wounded,or not affected,roll a d6
    and refer to the following table:
    ShaftHits: Forthisroll a d6, addingoneifHMG, twoifcannon
    Calibre NoEffect Wound€d Killed
    up to 20mm,ttuee if cannonup to z()mm,andfour if
    MG lto 3 4or5 6
    larger. A scoreof si! or more meansthat the shaft
    HMG lto3 4 5+
    has been wrecked, with the same effect as if the
    15mm lorz 3or4 5+ enginehad been destroyed.Note that it's possible
    20mm lor2 3 4+
    for a vesselto have an engineworking and a shaft
    25mm | 2or3 4+
    still OK, and not be able to move. For examplea
    30mm 1 2 3 +
    two engined boat could have its pon Gorry, left)
    3'l40mm NA lor2 3+
    engine wrecked, and its starboad (right!) sha.ft
    47l57mm N A I 2 +
    destroyed.
    Larger NA NA Auto.
    Rudder Hifr: RoI a d6. Add one if HMG, two if cannonup to
    Gun Hias: If a gun is hit, rol a d6. Add one if the hit is fron an 20mm,three if up to 30mm,and four if lalger. A
    HMG, two if from a cannonup to 25mm,three ftom score of six or more meaDsthat the rudder has
    a cannonup to 40mm,andfour from a Iargergun.A beenblown off, and may not be repaired.
    modified scoreof six or more meansthat the gunhas Helm Hits: These are worked out in the sameway as rudder
    been wrecked, and may not be used for the hirs. However, if the helm is damaged,the boat
    remainderof the game. wont necessarilytravel straightforward. Roll a d6:
    hgine Hits: When an enginehit occurs,rcI a d6 andcheckthe 1-2 Tum left at maximumrate
    . table given below. A wreck result meansthat the 3-4 Move straight forward
    engineis out of action. Crew have one chanceat 5-6 Tum dght at maximumrate
    making a repair, and succeedon a roll of 3f on a
    d6. Thisisn'timmediate,however,andthe repair A repair may be att€mptedonceper tum. A score
    takes d6 mov€sto carry out. If a wreck and fir€ of six on a d6 is a successtulrepair.
    resultoccurson the table, a repair may not b€ Torpedoand
    attempteduntil the fue hasbeenextinguished. IhpthChargeHils: For theseroll a d6, addingoneif HMG, two
    if cannonup to 25mm, and three if larger.
    Calibre NoEff€ct Wrcck€d Wrerked&Fift A score of five or more meansan exDlo-
    MG/'I{MG 1to5 6 NA sion. This causessix dl00 points of hul
    Upto30mm 1to4 5 6 damage, and three d6 rolls on the hit
    Upto40mm lto3 4or5 6 Iocation table. Any locations hit arc dam-
    Upto5Tmm 1or2 3or4 5016 aged as if hit by a 47mm cannon. ln
    Larger | 2or3 4to6 addition. the exDiosioncausesa fire.
    , r , : r i , r r i r r r , r , , l i , i ' . ' , r r i f r , d : ' r r , , r r i . r ) : , , i i . r n , , r , r , , , , . \ , , , i r r i r , r i i , l r i , ,r i i !, r, r , r, j i i , i i

    , r ' ' j , . , i ' i , , ,!r' . . i r , i , , . . , : r i r " . , ' ., , , . , j r , , -

    r r i I i ! r , r i 1 r , . i ' , r : j , l J , : F r r j , l / r J , r r j r , , , , I r , r ' , , . " i r { ' , , i r i , r1 1 4 r , r , , ,


    THE RUSSIANS ARE COMING!

    RRL RR2 RRCI

    RR'1 RR5 RRC2

    RRI RR8 R R s r D e m o l i r i o cnr o u p


    RRIO R R Il RR12

    RRIl RR14 RRI5 RRC5 RR{5

    RR]6

    Distributor for Selected Ranges of


    B & B Miniatures in North America
    12188arookhurst
    Streel,Gard€nGrove,CA 92640U S A
    Phone(714)6363s80or useour24 hr faxr(714)6369150 Trade & Dealer lnquiries are Welcome!
    tr'uel Eits: Roll a d6 and consult the fo[owing table. An representthe time taken for the depth-chargesto sink.) Any
    explosionhasthe sameeffect asone c-aused by a hit modelswithin 4' of the market take damaseasfollows:
    on torpedoesor depth-charges."Fuel" explosions
    on €oal-firedvesselsare acauallyboiler ruptures.

    TlTe ofPropulsion
    P€trol Die-sel Coal
    C.libre NoEffect Fire Explosiotr NoEffecl Firc Explo6ion NoEfrect Fire Explocion
    MG/HMG 1to3 4or5 6 Ito4 5016 NA I to5 NA
    Up to 30mm 3ot4 5016 1to3 4or5 6 Ito4 5 6
    Up to 40mn 7or2 3 4to6 lor2 3or4 5016 lto3 4or5 6
    Up to 57mm 1 Z 3to6 I 2or3 4to6 o
    Larger NA | 2to 6 I 2 3to6 I 2to5 6

    Hits: Theseareworked out in the sameway ashits on


    Msgazine DamsgeInllict€d
    toryedoesor depth-charges.However, an ex- 0' 6 d20Hull points.
    plosion destroysthe ship completely. In addi t' 4 d20Hull points.
    Disianc€
    tion, any vesselswithin 8" take four d6 points Fmm 2" 3 d20Hull points.
    worth of hull damage,anda d6 roll of five or six Mffkcr 3' 2 d20Hull points.
    meansthat a fire startson board. 4" d20Hull points

    Wooden hulled vesselstake double danage. In addition, any


    FIRXS model which finishes within 1" of the marker may have its
    These are fairly straight-forward. Each turn, a player may machineryunseatedby the blast.Roll a d6 for eachenglne,a
    attemptto put out anyfires on board. Roll a d10,a scoreof ten is scoreof 4, 5, or 6 meansit\ beenwrecked,and may not be
    successfulfor a rvoodenvessel,and nine or ten is successfulfor a reDarred.
    metal vessel.Corvettesor la4er add one to the roll, to reflect
    their larger dews and superior damagecon[ol. Fires cause
    damaseasfollows: TORPEDOES
    lst Turn of fire d2 Hull points. Torpedoesare fired at the end of a move. For each torpedo
    2ndTum of tue d4 Hull points. fired, a pieceof string,72"long,is placedon thetable.Oneend
    3rdTum of fire d6 HUI points. of thesting shouldtouchthefiring model,anditshouldstretch
    4thTum of fire d8HUI points. out in approximately the direction which the firing tube is
    5thTum of fire d10Hulpoints. facing. A marker is then placed9" along the string. In the next
    6thTum of fire dl2HuIpoints.
    7thTum of firc d20Hu[ points.
    8thTum of firc dl00 Hu points. Wherecan I find2000MilitaryBooks?
    9thTum of fire Vesselis burnedoul andsinks. ln the
    KENTROTMAN
    Catalogue
    SICK.BERTHATTENDANTS o{ coulse!
    If a vesselhas a sick-berth attendant (and he's still alivel), he
    may attempt to "patch up" woundedcrew memb€rs.Each tum
    roll a d6, a scoreof six meansthat one woundedcrew member
    may be retumed to action. Officers aJealwaystreated before
    ratings (we[ they would be, wouldn't they?). If the SBA is
    himself wounded, it's a caseof "physician heal thyself' before
    any other crew canbe attendedto.

    DEPTH.CHARGES
    Depth-chargeswere quite extensivelyusedby coastalforc€sfor
    damaging sEa[ vessels.They were fused for quite shallow
    detonation,and the shockwavescausedby the explosioncould
    easily rip the bottoms out of small vessels,esp€cially*ooden

    Depth-chargesare quite a useful weapon, especiallyif used


    againstslow-movingtargets.At the beginningof a tum in which
    depth chargesare used, place markers dorn, rcpresentingthe
    depth-charges.Those which are dropp€d off racks are placed
    immediately behind the models, while those fued from "Y"
    guns (depth-chargethrowers) are placed4' to the side of the Mailorderis ourspeciality.
    model. Only one depth-chargemay be releasedfrom eachrack KENTROTMAN LTD.
    m a rum. UNITI1, I35 DITTON WALK,CAMBRIDGE,
    The rest of the move is then cafied out. and the effectsof CBs8QD
    depth-chargesare calculatedat the end of the tum. (This is to
    tum. rt s movedanother9',alongthe srring.andso on, unLilit I tend to just
    keep a tally.
    reaches the end of lhe string.wbenit s consideredto haverun
    out of propellant and sunk. 9. Miscelamous. This includes the rudden, heln, bridge
    Ifar anyslageInils movement.a modetpasses wirbinJ,,ofthe crew, and anlthing elsewhich t've nissed!
    torpedo,rt nsksbeirg bit. RoUpercenrage djce,aodcheckthe Frcm thesenotesand the examplesincluded,it shouldbe no

    TrlgdSp€€d
    Static Undcr2cn Und€r4ch Under6cm U erScm Underl0crn l0cm+
    Very Shallow 15% 10% 8./. 5% 3% 2% t%
    Shallow 20% 15% 10% 7%
    Taryet Medium
    5% 3./o 2%
    30% m1" . 150/0 tly" 8% 6yo 4%
    I)€pth Deep 50% 40%
    Very Deep
    25yo 20y" tsv. toyo 6%
    70% 55% 45% 35% v" 150/. 10%
    Extremely Deep n% 70y" 45% 35% 2510 15%
    II a modelis hit. ir s probabtya caseof.coodnigbr Vieona.l ploblem to dlaw up charts for different mod€ls. A umber of
    However.tbereis rhe possibilityof rhe torpedoSeinga dud. booksare availableon rhe subjectof MTBS.In particular, there
    Ro[ad6foran lE torpedo,orad10for21',6rpedo.Ascoreof wasa panworkcailedWdl Macrm. a fewyearsago(published
    oDemeansthat the torpedo is a dud. Dud roundsinflict a mere by Orbis. I lhinll. This includedan issu; on vhtii torpedo
    rwo d20.pomrs oJ impad damage.Torpedoeswhicbdo go off bo-als,wbich is invaluable.coDtainingpreny wel aI of the
    arealittl€ moredangerouslRolta d6,andmuhiplvtheresirlrbv mlormauonneeded
    400for an t8' rorpedo.and 000for a 2t,,rordd;. This is rb;
    numbero[ bull poiDrslost. [n addirion,eacbengineon the
    v€sselis destroyedon a d6 rcI of 4, 5, or 6. Finafy, it causes MODELS
    thr"eed6 rclls on the hit location table, with damagefor special
    effects being worked our as if for 30mm camon if air tS, Finally, a brief note on model availability. The .wo mamranges
    torpedo, and asif 4ommcannonif the rorpedo'sa 21,,. are thoseproduc€din 1:600by Sk]'trGxand SDD.Thesecontain
    a huge variety of vessels, including MTBS, Ianding claft,
    escorts.and mercbantmen. Tbesecan be supplemetrtad wi$
    the exlensiverangeof l:700plasrickits producedby Japanese
    DAMAGECARDS brms. Althougn rheserangesConcentmte oo larger vessels,
    Damagecardsare relativelyealy !o draw up. Theyie ben there are a couple of harbour sets, and one pacawhich. for
    uusrraredby the ts,o examplesincluded.They showaI lhe aboutf2.50. providesyou q/i$ laodingcrafl dapaneseiypes.
    inJormarionabourn vessetthat s necessary for ibe game.The but in rbis scalethey can be usedfor other nations),cabin
    ulrormauonlsdtvtdedrnroninegeneralcaregones: cruisers. rug!{ver} useful.). anda varielyof orhersmauaratt.I.d
    1. _cuns.Eachgunis markedon the card,alongwithitscrew. h€anily recommendrhis for addingvarieryto your games.
    MGs andHMGSneedonecrewman,cannonuplo 30mmneed (How aboul\endinga \mall boal asborelo extricalean aeenr.
    two. cannonup to 40mmba!e three.up to 5?mmhavefour, J whihrholdjnga mnning6refighlwith E-BoaLs?)
    havefive. atrd4"_guns havesix crew.Muhiptemountingsonly . Megalomaniacswill find enough l:72 scalekits to keep you
    needexlrarrewil tbeyre single-shol weapons, so a rwin20mm happyfora while.includingthe awesome Flowerclassconetre
    ueru(on tautomatrc)treeds2 crew, wbile a lwin s?mm from Revell.ln thisscaleiCsworthwarchiDqout torthe limited
    -released
    mountingneeds8. production run kits which are periodicany by smaler
    Erms.Finafly.in this scaie.theres amplescopefor scratch-
    2._Speed.A vesselhasone box with -1 (reverse),one with 0 buiidjng-andconversion etrrbusiasls.
    One thingwonh noringit
    (deadstop), and one box per 5 knots of speed.Boxesare you're aiter making Iarger shipsis that the Ajrfx coastali-'un
    crossedout proportionally$ithlossof enginevshafts. (E.g. a emplacement serincludesa turretedgun whicbmales quiie a
    twn-motor vessel, capable of 40 knots, would have-its passable4.7' naval gun (and the shield'spreny well th6 right
    maimum speedcut to 20 knots, or 4,, per tum if it Iost one shapel).AnF ay. I hopelbar you giverbaserutesa rry. a; I
    engne.) noperhatyouenJoythemasmuchasI do!
    3, Tum. This showshow many inches a vesselhas to move
    foruards to carry out on€ tum. The first box is wirh all rudders
    OK, the secondis with oneknockedout, andsoon. *****lr******
    4. Drau€ht..This is.only imponant for working out torpedo
    hjts, althoughsadjsricumpirescouldpur aJeasof shallowsoD
    rbetable.to makeUfemoreawkwardfor tbe players.I havenr
    B.B. IIIARGAII,IES
    comeup*lttrany hardandfastformulafordraugbts:I selrtetor 206! EINIOI{ ElrIlIl trf,FOTEOXtCS
    educated guesswork! Paintedaod Unpainted
    5. Torp€doel-._Thh s€ction also includesalepth-charges.
    Borh SECOIIDEIIID BOTTDGTUES
    are crcssedoff asthey're usedor destroyed. S.PL, Av-dlonHlll, MagazineGarles
    6. Engines. This sectionincludesengines,propellor shafts,and FIISflC l,F.V.. I Ftct tES
    engrne€nngcrew, Any casualties amongengrneeringslaff musl ln2 & Ln6Rea6t n6]€de and paintedAF.Vs
    DerepkcedlTomelsewhere. or the vesselmust stop. 2ornrn Figures,WWII,Napoleoni;,AC.W. & mor€
    7. Fires. This is just to makeit easierto keeptrack ofany fires. Airfix, Matchbox,Escietc.
    Sad S,'-E, Iorllt,t:
    8. HUI Points.A boat bas one hull poinl per toDne of 58 H!| lod, SpLr|odh, Ilfot|rtcf, lfnto :ttF,
    dlsplacemenl.You may 6Dd it easierlo put boxeson dle Tct: 01603{988tt.
    darnage chan.andsimptycrossthemout asdanageoccun,but
    '3F;g
    Rules,RulesandMoreBloodyRules
    bemoansPeterTanner

    In my last comment(WarSamesI wtmted 88) | explained\\hy publishthis kind of dross,thoughthankfullynot thisone.For


    wargames unsuitedto competitiveplay. In
    are fundamentally the momentthoughwe shouldforget this hopelessgoup of
    essence tnercweretwo malnreasons: individuals and concentrateon thosewhosecontribution to the
    poolofsalivaon a pointstable.
    1- Thereis no setofrulesadequately capableofhandlingsuch hobbyis likelyto bemorethana
    For most would-be rule write$ yet to take the plunge the
    2. Suchencounters thatdo takeplacearesoremovedftom war worry is that the r€sultwon't be "realistic".But think for a
    mombntwhat "realistic" meansin this context.It meansthe
    thattheveryword "wargame"is beingmisused.
    playersof the gamefeelingthat the right historicalresultis
    To r€capbrielly on the reasonsfor the fi.st: being obtained.Fine as far as it goes, but what is their
    Wargames aretoo impreciseandwargamers, parlicularlythose perception ofhistoncalrealitylikelytobebasedon?Apartfron
    whowantto win, too pickyandcompetitive, to acceptthatmost a fewseriousbuffsof a periodit is morelikelythannotto come
    rulesarein factguidelines ratherthanabsolutes. No setof rules down to a few books(mostlythoseon uniformsand second-
    caneverhopeto coverthe permutations andcombinations of hand,plagiarised coffeetableglossies with lotsof goodpictures
    troops,scenery,desiredmovesand"whatifi'that arelikelyto - particularlythe sexy,new,computerenhanced 3D maps),a
    aris€in the averagegame.The introductionof competition coupleof wargamesmagazinearticles(usually"plagiarism'
    strainsotherwise perfectlyreasonablerulespaslbreakingpoint. city" - sorry Duncan),a coupleof filrnsand maybethe odd
    BBC2documentary-
    Wargamers in competitionare gamesplayersin competition. (A few years ago Halifax wargames Club's excellent Pony
    The "war" elementof wargamesvanisheswhen the game wars seriesof participationgamesand rulestook this line of
    becomes all.Thereis nolongeratie-inbetweentheplaye$and thoughtto its logicalconclusion.They attemptedto simulate
    tbeir counterpartsfrom history. For a wargameto retain afly Holl'ryood rather than history. lt workedvery well inde€d.
    kind of semblance to what might have really happenedthe Otherrulewritersdo the same.but areeitherlesshonestabout
    players,albeit on oppositesidesof the table, must both it or lessawareo{it!)
    co-opemteandcompete, Providing,therefore,that the rule writer canwrite a set of
    I would challenge anyoneto produce a significantnumberof rules whi€hsimulatehis players'l;kely versionsof reality,no
    histoical examplesof the sort of brigade/divisional level matterhowlimited,he doesnlhaveto worryat all aboutreality
    encounters usuallyseenin competitiongames.Suchexamples itself.[Butwouldhesleepnights?Ed.]
    thatdo existarefewandfar betweenandce ainlynot typicalof Seenow how Gamesworkshop, for example,havecoped
    the period. Firc and Fury style gamesget haltuay there, but with this?By creatingtherules,historyandtrooptypesfor their
    evenso ahegamesI've seenare somewhatcontdvedand too owngamesno-onecanclaimthat they arewrongor inaccurate.
    "ChaprerApproved"
    wellbalanced to beevenhistorical"what ifs". MoretypicallyI'd In factthe reverse isrrue. Unless it's (that
    be panicularlyinterestedto hearfrom anyonewho can shed ''Recent isGames workshop produced) it s got no place in a game at all.
    light on the little known Polish'Aztecencounterwhich look research brings new troop types and scenarios to light
    placein Kent (to judge by the scenery)in the Renaissancewhichjustcoincidentally tie-into newlinesof figuresandsoon.
    peiod (wheneverthat was),whichI sawrecendyat a battleof Okay, so it's as much marketing asrulerelated,but youcansee
    the intellectualninnows as a steptowardssometat title or the Doint. No-one can attack Games WorkshoD for inaccuracies
    another. Not that it was alone in its degreeof esoteric and challenge their credibility in the same way that they can,
    quaintness. editorwould wel€ome any articleon thePolish say, the wargames Research Group.
    [The
    na\yin the FifteenthCentury,whi€hwouldcontribute towards This inability to be challengedon groundsof accuracyclearly
    "histoicizing"thisclash.l providescomfort to a lot of fadtasyand sciencefiction playen
    However,it\ thefirstpointthatI wantto expandon thistime andrulewriters.Unlessthe gamesto be playedarebasedon a
    anddelveinrothe worldof wargames rules. specificbookor film thereis nothingfor the playersro measure
    Rule selsall have their supportersand detractorsand are success against,otherthanenjoyment,whichis no badthing.I
    sometimes the sourceof endlessarguments, The lattercanbe don'tintendto attackfantasy andscience ficaiongames(at least
    overcomeby the co-operation- competitionbalancethat I notyet)because manyinterestinganduseful gamesmechanisms
    would stressis a vital parl of any worthwhilegame. Once canstartlife with them- shiftingto histo calgameslater.One
    presentthisleadsto but onecon€lusion: Any wargamer canand problemremainshowever:with no recreation of historyro work
    shouldwritehisownrules.Evenif firstattemptsarelikelyto be towards,the playerscan drift rowardsspendingmore time
    heavilybasedon existingsetsof rulesit is this typeof a€tivity concentrating on rhat elusive+1 mther rhan.,doesthat result
    thatwill sropthe hobbystagnating. agreewith what historytellsus is likely to havehappened?',.
    Thereare not a lot of situationsmore patheticthan those (As a quickanecdote:I wasat a showin 1994when a public
    involvingwargamers who studyrulesto work out how to win. participationgame using music from a cassetteplayer for
    You knowthetype,"A classfiguresin a chargewill alwaysgeta atmosphere andscenesettingwastold to tum it off because the
    minimumof 2 hitsper figureprovidingthatthe targetunit is 1? fantasyplayerscouldn'tconcenrrate. )
    figuresorfewer,whichonly givesthe targeta onein sixchance Returning to thosewargamerswilling to have a go at writing
    ofstanding.Theybreakthrougheverytimeprovidingyoukeep rules- bewareofthe rule writer with "relevantexperience". I
    a sub-officer within300mmandso . . . ' andsotheydribbleon. meanthe re-enactor, sportsarcher,fencer,TAmemberandso
    At leastofleof the wargames glossies
    hasevengonesofar asto on. Chancesare tbat their rules wil rcflect their relevant

    Opposi'tetth)opics of Ma* A en's Thity Yea$ Warcollecfon. Figutesarc25mmRedoubtEntery ses(. . . andRedoubtdesignet


    B an also scratch'built that imptessivetower). Mark's occa.sional
    seies on buildin| up a TyW amy tri rccommencein the nett
    nonth or two. Thebuildin| behindthecommandgroup is a Mayhen Miniaa&s (neeTheDrum) rcsinpiece.
    experienceandwe'll all sufferfor it. SuchinsideinJormationcan
    be usefulif setin context, but mostisn't. Runningaroundwith a
    15foot stickmay giveyou moreof an insightinto what it waslike
    being an English Civil war pikeman than not running around
    with a 15foot stick. However, it wil probably not in itself give a
    lot of insight into what an English Civil War battle was like.
    Discussionsabout how much of the wood a tree canseebecome
    pertinent andthe dangeris that we endup with a setofrules that
    talksabouttheveinson leaves.
    lnlerestinglyenoughall the professional soldierwargamers
    thatI've met,whohaveseenaction,eitherrcfuseto write.rules,
    concentrateon a "cleaner" period of war, or acceptthat what
    they've experienc€dcannot be recreatedin a realistic manner,
    but say something to the effect of "What the hel, I'll & 17th
    lTth SEPTEMBER 10.30am - 5.30pm
    concentrateoo a fun game and thosenot in the know will never at THEHEXAGON,READING
    be any the wiser". Remember too the military adage that THE WARGAMESEVENTOF'THEYE.IIR
    "Amateurs talk taclics, whilst professionalstalk logistics". It's
    FEATURES IMERNATIONALOPEN
    enlightening to relatethisto the usualamountofattentionpaid WARGAJTIES CHAMPIONSHIPS
    to logisticsid wargamesrules.
    In summarythen, my argumentis that anyoneshouldbe able NOWINCORPORATES 8 PERIOD5
    to write a useful set of wargamesrules. Proof of the pudding
    comesin using them in a game and it is here that writing a
    winningor losingsetof rulescomesdown to the playeN. If they
    accepthistoricallimitations, doctrine andthe fact that therewill
    alwaysbe eventualitiesneedingconcensusrather than rules to
    r€solve, then the rule writer is horne and dry. lf the players
    * r{EwdrxlHmorl'sNc {tde drDs *
    won't acceptthis, if they are of the son who n€ed to feel that
    an''thing canbe looked up in a rulebook, then throw something LOTS OF PRIZES
    Pe6nd boDhra Dluslanp u5h oda 'or winnes & runrs uD
    commercialat them and retire to the bar. (It's alsobetter if you Championofthamo.ons ;oDhv & Dize.BeslPainredAmy hinv
    avoid Free Kriegspielswith them too.) & odz; and tro;hiar 6r lhe Ben Team
    Donl take the penultimatecommenttoo much to heart. I'm Don't Els you pl;@ - get you 6ty ltr e.rly
    all in favour of publishedrules too. How elsecanthe wargames * Warcames
    -tot usFatedToDhu & @h odzes
    Bat Dnustaubicane
    world spread new ideas and mechanismswhich are a good r Miniature l,,l/aaanes TroDhv& @h Ddza
    thing?How manysuperbideasarepresentlykickingaroundon tot B6t Patud@b.;n Gne
    hand-witten or mos-t ?ed sheetsof paper waiting to solve MASSTVE IRADE FAIR, BBING & BTJYSTAIJ,
    another gamer's problems or provide him with just the DISPI.AYS & MUCH, MUCH UORE
    mechanismthat he needsto complete his own ideas?This is TradeEnquniesto:Rov8oss,ElmFarm,Hankerton,Wilb SN169sz
    All@mpetinonand di3playqameenqutrEslo:Chris5mith,
    maybean area in which Waryameslllustated. n pl^y a part. 8 Bramwellalose, Thakhani,8e*shne nGl l4Fz fte101635861398)
    It's $eat to publishrule sets,but why doesit needto be whole SendsAEforinfomation & frce factssheet
    setsof rules?Standaloneideasarefine.(SeeDerekHenderson
    in WI38, R. JamesOliverin WI73, andothers.)No-onehasa
    monopolyon being right or in havingthe ultimate answer.For C H E T I F E RB O O K S
    far too longthe likes of the WargamesResearchGroup, at least Mike Smith
    on the faceof it, havetriedto setthemselves up assomekindof Todd Close,Curthwaite,Wicton, Cumbria
    definitive body. (Let's start with that title, eh!) That's Tel: 0228 71868
    marketingto the subconsciousfor you. We've a1lgot aoeam a MILITARY BOOKS
    living somehow,but there existsa warm and fuzzylevel of tlust and Soid Send sae fot .atalogue
    in every hobby which is very capableof being exploited. Yes,
    they are "one of us", but rcmember that even most murder not symmetrical scenery, and led to arguments over local
    victimsknowtheirkillersl interpretations of the standard rules. This Iast despite the
    For a long time WRG AncientslookedIike creatinga new almostlegalislic mannerin whichlhe ruleswerefinatttwritren
    wargamesphenomenon,dominating the market and becomea and a plethoraof amendments beingissued.(Sone of which
    world standard.It wasn'tuntil they hadcrept their way up to 6th would carefullymovecommastwo or three words to the right.)
    Edition that things seemedto go honibly wrong for their fans The simple fact that you can't legislatefor players who's sole
    and the bubble burst. Seventh Edition wasn't reauy a 7th aimwasto win wasneverrecognised. ffit hadbeen,thenmost
    Editionat aI, but a 1stEditionof a newsetof rules.I guessit amendments and the telephonehotline(!) would have been
    was marketing and the desireto maiDtainfollow on salesthat discardedin favour of telling the playersto get a life_
    kept the edition count rolling. Wargamerswho believe in the Soto sumup: let'ssupportthe innovativesideof the hobby.
    cosy,ftatemal side, as opposedto the commercialside, of the Be prepared to try out your fellow wargamers'new rules and
    hobby must now be gateful for the wide range of other rules write your o\{n. l-et's blow a big raspberryat thosewho would
    available. wish to impose a standard way of doing things in our very
    'fhe
    argumentoften put forward in favour of universalsetsof individual hobby. The only peoplewho needstandardrules are
    rules was that a player would be able to tum up at any club competitiongamemand as is abundandyclear the hobby
    (doubtlessclutchinghis 1,500point superamy) andsettleinto a doesnlneedthattypeof playeranlray_
    gamethat he understood.This was unfortunately true. It also
    satisfiedinnovation, reducedwonhwhile discussionover inter- * Plagiarism: Taking and using another person's thoughts,
    pretationsof history and associatedrule mechanisms,redu€ed writings or inventions as one's own. Use of one source is
    gamesto equalpointed straightpunchupsover moreoften than plagiarism; usingtwo isresearch.
    47

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    48

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    49

    HOVEtSna LeISune GAMES


    ".11";ll'1""
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    ||ErylSmm a.c.!so.l6
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    51
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    I L L U S T R A T E DI N C O L O U RI N T H I S I S S U E
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    'NEW TIIE SIKH WARS' 25mm
    First Sikh War(1845-46)& The SecondSikh War (1848-49)
    Figu.€s65p Dosigoedby Alan! MichaolP€iY
    sK12 rddryn4 running,3hould.6d muskol Sl(z| $ard6rd Bdd dtu4inO
    TheArmy of theSudej sK13 lnhntyna charoing,ltrl€d muskol Sle4 DrummdadEene
    SK14Infantyhd sEnding,tuin! SK25Eugl* ad6cino, s4dding ell
    &ilsh InEYryh sh.0id@ a pek d b4o.43 sK15 Inbntyme .Endin!, ptimhg s(26 srq@nt dwdng, nllrat 8..d,
    SK1 Ol6d 56idlno, hard. b.hind b.a.t €p sK16lnl.ntFa kn.6lino,f '{ shi.id,.lug muEkst
    SK17InfantF$ wnd.d Sl('t In|€ntryM M.nin!
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    @a! @p ,itl n.ck @r6in Sl@ Inhn4nEn runnins,should.Fd m6kor
    sK3 Oind chdging *fl lwd The Sikh Amy - The Khalsa
    sK4 $aftr.rd B@Grad@dnq sK31 InkntyM primDo
    sK5 si.ndard Bd* chdgin! s*h lnfanty *dinq @14 sd irtu6n3 sl(32 lntdryFan loadinq
    sK19 Olfc4 sErlning,3Nd lhould€rc. slg3 In&ntydan sdvscino, lllH e 3hi6ld
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    SK21OfE4 .dErcins *i'| pislol,poritno & sl(35 Inlantymanmund.d
    SKg Inlanrym.n sEnding
    sKlo InhnnyM matding sK22 $.ndard Bs& slandho
    s(1 1 InfanWM adE qno

    ffiRINTHISISSUE
    AMERICAN CIVL WAR CAVALRY'
    Fl{ures!1.20 Ho6€s t3.5o ACWCa!5OTrcop€r,l€Pi, rclax€d,
    civaLRY sod Eh€athed f|oasES
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    ACWCaV/KOffcer, kopi,swordd.awn ACWCa,.52Tloop€r,kePi.tidngpisiolto ACWH3Troning,n.ck arch.d
    Acwcav4s Guidionweaing kepi ngnr AC$/H4Tro(ing, headuP
    ACWCaV4S BuglorwearingkoPi ACWCaVS3 Conf€d€Eie,Hussa/jacksl, ACWH5Cantedng,neckarch€d
    ACWCaV4T Trcoo€r,k€pi, sholld.rod slouchhat, ssp6€l€ rds€d AC!lH5Canbnng,hoaduP
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    GERMANTRENCHMORTARCREW GW111 Crcwmanin tunicst nding
    Flgutg 6{,P SSG72G€man 25mmMin€r'w6.lerlr€nch modar
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    NAPOLEONIC 25@ CPMPRISINci
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    CHINAl33tl9o0 IATE ROMANEMPTRE
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    1861-1865
    Designed byAlan aod Michael Perry

    FIGURES
    FROMTHECOLLECTION
    OFSTEVEMUSSARED.
    MOSTF GUFES[4AYBE PAINTEDSO AS TO TO BE SUITABLE
    FOREITHERSIOEOF TI..]E
    CONFLICT

    ACW42 GENERAL
    GRANT.ACW43 ROAERT
    E. LEE-ACW44 OFFICEB,ACW45 GUIDION,
    HORSES1. 1. 6 & 8

    BUGLER
    ACW46. TROOPERS
    ACW47to 49. 6 . .1,7 & 5.
    HORSES

    TROOPEBS
    ACW50to52. 'HUSSAR'
    CONFEOERATE ACW53. HORSES3-2_6&7.

    'HUSSAR'
    CONFEOERATE ACW54& 55. HOFSES4&3. ABT|LLEBY
    ACW36to 41. lzpdfF|ELDGUNSSG6l
    The CONNOISSEURRanee
    Figures by PETER& CHRISGILDER

    COLONIAL
    SERIES-SUDAN
    FOOT C25 AnsarSwordsman MOUNTED
    c1 Britishinfantrvmarchino
    - C26 AnsarSpearman CC1 BritishHussar
    Britishinfantri/
    firinq C27 AnsarRifleman CC2 BritishHussarOfficer
    c3 Britishintantiknd;ting C28 Emir CC3 BritishHussarTrumDeter
    rnnq C29 StandardBearer CC4 BritishLancer
    a Britishinfantrvloadino C30 FuzzieWuzzie CCs BritishLancerOfficer
    c5 BritishinfantiAt Rea:dv ' Swordsman CC6 BritishLancerTrumDeter
    BritishInfantrv
    Otlicer c31 FuzzieWuzzieSpearman CC7 AnsarCavalrywithiword
    BritishInfantriBuoler
    - c32 BritishWar CCB AnsarCavald,
    c8 SmttishInfaniry withsDear
    Correspondent CCg AnsarCavalriwithriit€
    marchino c33 BritishLadv CC10AnsarCameliider
    c9 Smttishlnf antrvfirino with
    c34 BdtishOffi;erfirinooistol soear
    c10 Scottish Infanti kneAing BritishOtticermar;hinq CCll AnsarCamelrider with
    I|nng EgyptianOfficer rifle
    c 1 1 Scottish Infantrvloadino c37 Scottish Bagpiper CC12BritishCametCom
    Scottish InfantriAt Re;dv ' c38 IndianInfantryon guard CC13BitishCametCorb
    c13 Scottish InfantriOtficer c39 hdianInfanlrv tirino Otficer
    c14 Scottish Infanti Buoter
    - c40 IndianInfantiOffi;er CC14 BritishMountedOflicer
    CamelCorofirino c41 BritishOfficerin Fez CC'15Mounted Emir
    CametCori kneEting c42 BritishArtilleryman CCl6 BenoalLancer
    lrng c43 BritishArtilleriman CClT BendalLancerOttic€r
    c17 CamelCorpOtticer c44 BritishArtillervman CC18Mounted AnsarCamd
    c18 NavalLanding Party British
    Artilleiman Riderwithsword
    marchino c46 IndianNativeWater
    C19 NavalLa-nding PartyAt camer
    Heaoy Ot7 Indian ArmyMuleteer CAMELS
    c20 NavalOfficer C48 BashiBazookadvancino HC1 CamelCorD Camel
    c2'l Sudanese lnfantry elg BashiBazook firino walkino
    marching C50 Yorks& Lancsadv;ncino HC2 Camel-CorD Camel
    c22 SudaneseInfantryAt C51 cuardsAdvancino kneelino
    Fleady C52 EgyptianArtitterv;an HC3 Dervish-Camelrunnino
    cn EgyptjanInfantry C53 EgyptianArti eiman HC4 DervishCamelwalkini
    marching C54 DeadArab -
    HCs Dervish Cameltallino
    c24 Egyplian InfantryAt C55 FuzzieStandardBearer
    heaoy tnc. nder)
    C56 FuzzieEmir HC6 PackCam€lwith handler

    CONNOISSEUR FIGURES CONNOISSEUR USA


    27 SandycombeRoad,Kew. P.O.Box8647
    Richmond,SurreyTWg2Ep. Tampa,FL.3i!67t-8647
    g156
    Tel& Fax:0181-910 Tel: 813 96il 7885Fax:813 2652308
    Painkl lislttes ba Stel'eDedn

    PRICES:
    25mm FOOT & MTD 55p each
    25mm HORSE 8Op each

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