Statement of the Problem

This study aims primarily to determine the Perceived Impact of Absenteeism in

Grade 12 Senior High School in Relation to the Academic Performance in Calamba
Integrated School, (School Year 2017-2018.)

Specifically, it seeks to answer the following questions:

1. What is the demographic profile of students

1.1 Gender;

1.2 Age;

1.3 Year/Grade level?

2. What is the assess impact of absenteeism in terms of:

3.1 Failing Grade;

3.2 Low Grade;

3.3 No learning?

3. What can be the action plan that can do to less the absenteeism of the student

3.1 Write Attendance Policy;

3.2 Reward Good Attendance;

3.3 More Activities?

Definition of Terms

Absenteeism - The practice of regularly staying away from work or school without good

reason.

Academic Performance – Academic Achievement or (academic) performance is the

extent to which a student, teacher or institution has achieved their short or long-term

education goals.

Perceived – Become aware or conscious of (something); come to realize or

understand.

Impact – The action of one object coming forcibly into contact with another.

Relation – The way in which to or more concepts, objects, or people are connected; a

thing’s effect on or relevance to another.

Students – A person formally engaged in learning, specially one enrolled in a school or

college.

Family Problem – A colloquial and pejorative label by used workers in social agencies

and by the public to refer to the families who behaviour or social conditions they deem

in some respect problematic.

Poverty – The state or condition of having little or no money, goods, or means of

support; condition of being poor

Health Issue – A problem that affect someone’s health

Failing Grades – A grade/ mark that shows that someone’s did not pass a test or

course of study.
Scope and Delimitation
The purpose of this study is to provide information regarding to Perceived Impact

of Absenteeism of Grade 12 Senior High School Student in Relation to the Academic

Performance in Calamba Integrated School. The study considers student’s personal

information such as name (optional), gender, age and section

The researchers limited the study to 15 male and female secondary education

student enrolled in Calamba Integrated School, Grade 12 level. Each of respondents

was given a questionnaire to answer. The student selected came from two (2) different

sections to prevent bias and get objective perceptions.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This Study hopes to establish the understanding about Perceived Impact of
Absenteeism of students in their Academic Performance; the study could be importance
to the following;

Students- This study will help them to know that the absenteeism is a big problem that
can affect in their Academic Performance.

Teachers- This study will help them to know the reasons why their students always
absent.

Parents- This Study will help them to know what their fault why their child is always
absenting in their class.

Admin- This study will help them to know what can be suggestion to the teacher,
students and parents that experiencing the absenteeism.

Researcher- This study will help them to know what is the reasons behind of the
absenteeism of student for the researcher to know what can be suggest for them.
Paradigm

Independent Variables Dependent Variables

 Profile of the student  Assess Impact

a. Gender a. Failing Grade
b. Age b. Low Grade
c. Year/Grade level c. No Learning
 Absenteeism

Figure 1

Failing Grades students must pass all courses within the curriculum to be eligible for
graduation. When a failing grade is received, an F is recorded. The student must be re-
registered in the course before a passing grade can be earned. Each course syllabus
will state the criteria for satisfactorily repeating a course that has been failed. Student
must participate in additional learning experiences under the supervision of the course
director prior to receiving a final grade for the second attempt of a course that was
previously failed. Promotion to the next year of the curriculum is precluded until all
courses in the preceding year have been completed with a passing grade. Failing
Grades and low grade basically represent a student that does not learn or having hard
time learning or understanding what they are studying. Failing student tend to reduce
interest with studying and will have even worse grade. Lack of motivation usually is the
reason for this
RELATED LITERATURE STUDIES REVIEW

'Foreign Literature

Attending school regularly is a vital factor in school success for both students and

teachers. Excessive school absenteeism is often lined to poor school

Academic achievement, so school attendance by both teachers and students plays an

integral role in the success and educational advancement levels of any academic

institution and all students enrolled.

Successful schools cannot survive without physically present students .According to

the “Excessive Absences Intervention” research study by author Linda L. Williams,

excessive absenteeism by students may result in unlearned course material from fewer

hours of instruction, and a disruption of class instruction for teachers who have to

administer remediation for the absent student when he returns to school. Excessive

absenteeism by students may additionally result in poor academic achievement

because students are not receiving instruction on a consecutive basis. This problem

also causes low standardized test scores because absent students are not present to

learn key concepts and sills that are assessed on standardized exams.

Excessive student absenteeism can lead to an increasing disinterest in school and

academics in general. According to author Jason A. choeneberger’s “Longitudinal

Attendance Patterns” study, excessive absenteeism increases the chances of a student

eventually dropping out of school, which can lead to long term consequences for these

students, such as lower average incomes, higher incidences of unemployment, and a

higher livelihood of incarceration. choeneberger asserts that students who drop out of

school face a higher risk" of poverty because of their inability to secure quality paying

employment due to their lack of education and resources. Dropouts who lack education

and resources are more likely to commit criminal activity leading to incarceration.

According to the Center for Comprehensive school reform and Improvement,

attendance rates effectively predicted whether a student would fail a course or not, and

Surprisingly, attendance rate trumped grade point averages in predicting whether a

student would fail a class or not. In other words, a student could perform very highly

academically, but would likely still fail if he missed too much class. Additionally, the

more a student missed school over the course of several subset/sent years of school,

the more his A declined and the further behind he became in all subjects.

Foreign Literature

Decreasing the rate of student truancy and absenteeism has been and continues to be

the goal of school districts across the nation for over a century. Amazingly, little

research focuses on what schools can do to increase and maintain students daily

attendance and even fewer studies explore how families-school-community can build a

partnership tower" together towards this goal. Corville and smith (1995) state that

despite the long

History of concern over student attendance, the issue has received relatively little

attention from educational researchers. Instead of focusing on student attendance,

researchers have mainly focused on students who drop out of high school before

receiving their high school diploma. Even though a great deal of research exits on

students dropping out of school more so than on truancy, research on students who

dropout points to early detection of truancy in their lives before they drop out of school.

Dropping out of school, although defined by a single event reflects a long process of

disengagement and withdrawal from schooling and educational institutions (Finn,1989,

Newman, Wehlage, & Lamborn, 1992). In order to understand and reduce the problem

of students dropping out of school researchers should first investigate the early warning

signs in student’s behavior before it escalates to students actually leaving school.

Studies of students who drop out of school shows long-term patterns of students who

may be having difficulties at home and or in school at a very early age. Research has

shown that students who eventually drop out of school are absent more often than other

students beginning as early as the first grade. As the student gets older their patterns of

being absent from school increases. So efforts to decrease students from dropping out

of high school might be better spent on identifying early warning signs of truancy at the

elementary and middle school level. It is a fact that poor attendance predicts dropping

out of school chronic absenteeism can have a negative impact on the student and

school. Students who are not in school are not learning and are not being aide/lately

prepared to be successful in school and in life. Research on truancy and absenteeism

suggests that 8students with better attendance score higher on achievement tests than

their more frequently absent peers (Lamdin,1998). If

Schools across the nation are being met with the challenge of making adequate yearly

progress, which is a state mandate, and then more programs need to be funded in
schools toad dress the issue of truancy. So deal with the issue of truancy at the James

P. Timinity Middle school students have been identified with five or more absences. The

identified students prior and currentstandardi0ed test scores will be reviewed. Forty-one

six, seventh and eighth grade students were identified with attendance concerns. A

conference will be held to inform students of scores and attendance concerns. A

contract will be made with the forty-one students and weekly positive rewards will be

discussed with students for coming to school every day on time. The conference will be

followed by a phone call letter to parents to tall" about the attendance concerns. $he

students attendance will be monitored on a daily basis with weekly scheduled student

check- INS to talk about attendance. Violators of the contract will be informed of

consequences of being absent from school and a yellow card will be filed which will alert

the attendance officer. In the past my buildings response to filing yellow attendance

cards has been slow, causing many students with attendance issues to go unnoticed. It

is my hope that the process can be handled expeditiously with students being monitored

and frequent phone calls home to alert and inform parents of a student’s absence from

school. Historically, schools have always held the student accountable for truant

behavior. Corville smith, (1995) and Hoyle (1998) state that Truant and chronically

absent students were considered deviants9. Frequently schools did not contact families

until the problem was so severe that the student was failing their courses. Also research

shows that he learning environment of an entire school can be affected by an individual

students attendance problem. Most schools receive funds by the population they have

attending school on a regular basis. If districts and school attendance rates are low,

educational programs and resources are in (jeopardy of being cut. Also, in some
locations student attendance is used as an indicator of how well a school is functioning

and requirements are set and monitored for rating (Maryland state department of

education, 1999). Studies investigating family practice have suggested that 8not all

parental involvement activities are associated with attendance Lee, 1994 for example

parent involvement that requires checking homework and reading with a child is

associated with improved report card grades, achievement scores, and subject-specific

skills (Epstein 1991; Epstein, Simon, & Salinas, 1997 Muller, 1993). their researchers

have reported that 8specific family involvement practice such as parental monitoring,

parent-child discussions, parent participation at the school PTA membership are linked

to student attendance (Astone& McLanahan,1991;Ducwork and Dejong, 1991 Lee,

1994, Mcneal,1999. research shows that some parent activities are more likely than

others to affect attendance. furthermore studies show that schools who want to increase

daily attendance need to reach out and word" with parents to encourage parental

involvement in specific ways to address this problem. Innovative schools see the need

to develop productive school-family community connections to address this growing

epidemic of truancy. Kesler SKlar and Baker (2000) reported that over 90% of the

school districts they surveyed had at least one policy supporting parental involvement9.

7pstein and her colleagues have been working with schools, school districts, and the

state department of education to develop programs of

School, family and community partnerships (Epstein, Coates, Salinas, Sanders, &

Simon 1997 Sanders & Epstein,2000). In conclusion, research reveals a lot of important

information about student attendance. Identifying students early on who show signs of

absenteeism is a predictor of warning signs of students dropping out. even though

truancy is a major issue in middles school and high school, perhaps students should be

identified and monitored early on in elementary school. Educators need to continue to

find innovative ways to bridge the gap between home and school to communicate with

parents the need for a strong partnership so students can find success. students need

to "now that coming to school on time every day is important. Educators, when faced

with schools that have attendance problems may need to venture out beyond the wall of

the school, into the community to involve families and work together.

Local Literature

The study showed that being absent for three days in a month strongly correlates with

poor performance. As educators, it is important to know the threshold. Drawing policies

on school intervention regarding absenteeism requires guiding information on where to

draw the line. Policies cannot be simply drawn out of thin air. Three days in a month,

that number, a result of research, is a useful guide for teachers and school

administrators. $he study as described by the article is only an initial analysis of the

data. Ongoing research will continue to unravel further the underlying factors that result

into absenteeism. This is an important task" since this information likewise is necessary

to design the interventions that are relevant (de; Dios, 2010)

Local Literature
students in various gender groups, school levels, and locations are at-risk of dropping

out for various reasons. Come of these factors are common to all dropouts, while others

are more "evenly associated with specific groups. The adverse effect of

Poverty On children’s participation in school is clearly manifested in all dropouts, and

in many different ways depending on whether they are male or female, are in

elementary or secondary, in lower or higher school level, and in urban or rural areas.

Those who come from rural areas are most vulnerable in two ways. First, because their

parents have little and irregular income, they often lack money for school-related

expenses such as school allowance, transportation, uniforms and class requirements.

Families with limited financial resources prioriti0e their expenses, allotting whatever

little money they have to more urgent family needs like food, a finding which supports

earlier studies (Capili,1992. Only when parents have sufficient income are they able to

provide for school supplies and expenditures. Second, children from rural areas are

forced to engage in household tasks and income-generating Work by virtue of their

economic conditions. Boys from rural areas, regardless of age, help parents earn

money they take on whatever means of livelihood is available, from simple tasks like

weeding, to physically demanding work" such as farming and fishing. This finding is

consistent with an earlier report that documented a rather large percentage of young

boys engaged in child labor (National Statistics Office & International Labor

Organization 2001). Young girls, on the hand, are often asked to be caretakers for

younger siblings and, when necessary, for sick parents older ones find employment

either as farm help or housemaids. While parents consider education as a valuable

option for alleviating their poverty, they are compelled to withdraw their children from
school whenever it becomes more economically beneficial for the family. Aside from

financial difficulties, school-related causes such as loss of interest and lack of

motivation are also associated with dropping out. Teacher factor is particularly most

prominent among young boys. As for older boys, family and peers wield a strong

influence on their school attendance family problems and peer pressure affect

attendance and performance in school. The complexity of the dropout phenomenon

requires manifold and concerted solutions. Where poverty adversely deters

schooling, parents, schools and communities can work together to mitigate its effects on

young learners. for example, lack of money for school-related expenses can be

resolved through donations and assistance from Charitable organizations, private

companies and local community members. Transportation services, breakfast

programs, book loans, financial aids, and other kinds of services have already been

shown to be effective in preventing dropout (Bureau of Elementary Education, 1992;

Petilo, 2006). Schools should coordinate with and seek support from the local

government and the community to institute similar programs for students who are at-

risk. School-related causes such as fear of teacher and ineffective classroom

management can be worked out through Teacher re-tooling and curriculum

planning.

Family-related causes such as childcare and other domestic duties can be addressed

through community-based interventions such as daycare services designated for

children of working mothers. Student-related causes such as poor health, peer

influence, and low motivation can be managed using local government health programs

and school guidance services. Students in various gender groups, school levels, and
locations are at-risk of dropping out for various reasons. Some of these factors are

common to all dropouts, while others are more keenly associated with specific groups.

The adverse effect of poverty on children’s participation in school is clearly manifested

in all dropouts, and in many different ways depending on whether they are male or

female, are in elementary or secondary, in lower or higher school level, and in urban or

rural areas. Those who come from rural areas are most vulnerable in two ways. 5irst,

because their parents have little and irregular income, they often lack money for

School-related expenses such as school allowance, transportation, uniforms and class

requirements. Families with limited financial resources prioriti0e their expenses, allotting

whatever little money they have to more urgent family needs like food, a finding which

supports earlier studies ( Capili 1992)

CHAPTER III

THE METHODOLOGY
This chapter includes the presentation of methods, processes and procedure that have

been used in this study. The researcher discusses the sample size and sampling

technique that was chosen for the purpose of this study. It also provides information and

describes the description of the participants. The instrument used for data collection

also described and the procedures that followed to carry out this study were included.

The researcher discusses the statistical treatment of data used to analyze the data.

Lastly, this chapter helps the researchers on how the data being analyzed and

interpreted.

Research Design Instrument

To carry this study, the researcher will employ the descriptive research design.

Profile of the Respondents

The research study will use the purposive sampling technique. There will be

students and teachers to be ask to rate the students learning and school performance.

Student population and respondents of the study.

Section Male Female Total

T.V.L/H.E I 13 19 32
T.V.L/H.E II 4 19 23

INSTRUMENT OF THE STUDY

For the purpose of this study, the researcher made use of structured questions to save the

respondent’s time and gather necessary data. It contains the demographic profile of the

respondents and consists of twenty (20) questions set by categories namely: Use of

Instrumental Social Support, Mental Disengagement, Use of Emotional Social Support, Planning

and Active Coping. Using survey questionnaire with the rating scale of (5) strongly agree, (4)

agree, (3) neither agree nor disagree, (2) disagree, and (1) strongly disagree, researchers were

able to gather concise and precise information that will be used to answer the research

questions.

Data gathering Procedures

The data gathering procedures to be used in the study are the following.

1. Questionnaire Form. This instrument was structured by the researchers to set up

the socio-demographic profile of the student and teacher respondents. $he said

instrument will be used to determine the gender and age of the respondents. The

evidences on the effects of absenteeism to school and individual performances

and also its causes whether it would be a self-inquiry or family problem were also

listed in different sets.

2. Survey Questionnaire for Students. This instrument will be used to determine the

performances of the student who has frequent absences to the classes and his

contribution to school performance.

Statistical Treatment of Data
The following statistics will be used for the data analysis.

Statistical Treatments of Data

The following were the statistical treatments applied to the study:

The mean and the five –point Likert scale was to describe The Impact

Absenteeism Among Grade 12 Senior High School Students.

The formula for the mean is given is

N
N=
1+ Ne 2

Where:

n is the sample size

N is the population size

e is the margin of error

1 is the constant value

After knowing the sample size, survey questionnaires were distributed to the

respondents to gather information or data. Researchers used simple random sampling

wherein they select the papers of the respondents randomly to achieve the exact
number of respondents. In addition, because of this technique there is an unbiased

result of the data.

Weighted Mean

It is use to determine the indicators under stress coping mechanism of Senior High

School students.

fx
WM= ∑
N

Where:

WM=Weighted mean

f= frequency

x= ratings

∑fx=summation of the product of y and x

N= numbers of respondents

Likert Scale

Respondents were given a chance to rate each statement in the questionnaire. Their

answers were given a corresponding number as follows:

 5 Strongly Agree

4 Agree

3 Moderately Agree

2 Disagree

1 Strongly Disagree

The responses coming from the respondents were tabulated and mean score of each

item was computed using descriptive statistics. After the computation of mean score in

each item, researchers come up to the final 5 point scale

 CHAPTER 1

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Absenteeism in school is the habit of staying away from school without providing a

genuine or any reason for not attending classes. It is a truant behavior that negatively

affects the performance among students. Absenteeism, according to Merriam-Webster

dictionary means chronic absence. In the context of the school it is the habitual or

intentional failure from going to school. It cannot be denied that every now and then,

students may miss some school activities and lessons. But it becomes a problem if the

student will be away from school for many days. Going to school regularly is crucially

important for a student’s education and social skills. Chronic absentee students are

placed at a disadvantage both socially and academically. $hey miss out on critical

stages of social interaction and development with their peers and at the same time

impacts negatively on their academic progress. This can result to low self-esteem,

social isolation and dissatisfaction that could well have precipitated non-attendance in

the first place. School absenteeism is an alarming problem for administrators, teachers,

parents and the society in general, as well as for the pupils in particular. Unaccepted

absence has a negative effect on peer relationship which could cause absence.

According to some researchers, teachers identified effects of absenteeism on children

as' academic under-achievement, difficulty in making friends which could lead to

boredom, loss of confidence. Also, prolonged absence can have deleterious effects for

the child in later life. Students who are absent from school are at the greatest risk of

dropping out of school early. Absenteeism in students affects their school performances

especially when they are in a group or teamwork for their assignments and projects.
Since grouping will help develops the student’s cooperative and ability to share and gain

knowledge from their group mates, likewise, the group mates will also miss the

opportunity of gaining knowledge from the absent student (Koppenhaver 2003).

Absenteeism also affects the teacher’s ability present class work in a sequential and

organized way. This can have an effect on the progress of all the students’ attending the

class. Teachers sometimes have to adjust from the lesson in order for the student to

catch up. According to Schmidt in 1983, absenteeism affects the student’s ability to get

high scores in examinations which can cause the decreasing of grades or the student

may fail and will cause him/her to repeat the same year level. Students who have spent

time attending lectures or classes have a significant, positive effect on students’

performance. Students that participated exhibited higher grades and scores in

examinations that the student. The families of habitual absentees can also suffer. 5or a

poverty-stricken family, it may mean a continuation of the poverty and unemployment

cycle that may run in the family. This also contributes to family conflicts. The society

also suffers as the children of school age hang around in the streets. They can be found

must gallivanting around. Since they have nothing to do, they resort to petty crimes like

stealing other people’s belongings and properties. Others may resort to drug addiction

and other behavior that is detrimental to society. Thus, if the student keeps on being

away from school for too long, he may grow up to be a liability of his community and of

his country as a whole. It is the aim of every school to lessen, if not eradicate

absenteeism among its students. One way of addressing this problem is to identify the

causes why students become truant from school. Once they are singled out, understood
and analyzed, specifications and measures can be undertaken. This will eventually

redound to the better performance of the students, teachers and the school in general.

Background of the Study

A child or students interest is the most basic element that makes a group learning

system work in an organi0e way. Attending school regularly is a vital factor in school

success for both students and teachers. Excessive school absenteeism is often linked

to poor school academic achievement, so school attendance by both teachers and

students plays an integral role in the success and educational advancement levels of

any academic institution and all students enrolled. Student absenteeism is a serious

issue in public education. Concerted efforts have been expended aimed at engaging

students and promoting active learning, but schools are still full of “clock watchers”

Educators agree that prompt and regular school attendance is an important key

to a student’s success. Students should be taught to demonstrate respect for staff and

for peers, and one way to do this is to practice prompt and regular school attendance.

The relationship between the student’s physical presences on class discussions and

their learning performance is greatly relative. Class participation is just one way of

measuring a child’s learning ability. In a class, the teacher-student relationship is one of

the most fundamental units in student’s learning. Once the learning facilitator developed

good interpersonal skills to his students, students will show interest in classroom

discussion and motivates them to go to school daily.

 Learning in a system of group collaboration is one of the best ways in gaining

knowledge. It is a teamwork which the framework relies on an individual learning from

the others and others learning from that individual. When a student misses a day of

school he4she must have lost the chance to hear others, interpret and analy0ing the

lessons or coins the interaction within the class. This lost is being routed to two different

courses and varying factors under these courses. The inquiry might be a family situation

or an individual problem. Then, under these courses are the factors that contribute to a

child’s regular truancy. These may be finance concerns, disability, psychotic imbalance,

poor school climate, family health, transportation problems, drug and alcohol use, and

differing community attitude towards education ( Savers, D. etal, 2005)

.Marburger states that the difficulty inferring the effect of absenteeism on

performance because, once a student is absent in a class, he or she may miss the

opportunity of learning other techniques. He found out that missing in class progresses

the livelihood of missing examination material covered that day compared to the

students who were present in the class (2001). Absenteeism in one angle view point is

one of the most common causes of degrading performances of the students. Especially

to those who are included in the advance intelligence curriculum, absenteeism causes a

great lose and may result to giving up an aimed position. It can also cause social

repletion especially when a class is composed of a great number of students. This habit

can cause a dilemma to the school administration when big figures are involved and

may decrease the schools performance.

 Absenteeism in one angle view point is one of the most common causes of

degrading performances of the students. Especially to those who are included in the

advance intelligence curriculum, absenteeism causes a great lose and may result to

giving up an aimed position. It can also cause social repletion especially when a class is

composed of a great number of students. This habit can cause a dilemma to the school

administration when big figures are involved and may decrease the schools

performance

In the other hand, contamination of sickness and disease can be avoidable

because of the absences of a person. A student’s attendance may be the grounds of

the results of his or her learning performance. School administration and faculty may

also affect the absenteeism rate of their student, and so as the population of those who

practice absenteeism affect the administration and the school itself. There are so many

fruits that the root of absenteeism can produce depending to the situation of the

respondent. Hence, this research will be conducted. The issue of absenteeism is

complex and covers a range of behaviors, including chronic absenteeism, school refusal

and truancy. It is important for schools to investigate the patterns and underlying causes

of non-attendance so that appropriate strategies can be implemented to address the

specific type of absenteeism. There is no quick and simple solution, nor a one-size-fits-

all approach, to address absenteeism. Schools are encouraged to work with parents

and the local community to develop a strategy that best fits the needs of students and

the context of the community

Theoretical Framework
The student body is the greatest contributor to the success or the ground falling of

the school. An individual who have habitually made absences in class may have lost the

chance of learning. He or she might have less chances of getting an aimed position.

$he school who plays an important role to a child’s motivation has "known the impact of

absenteeism to a student and to the school performance its self

The chronic spread of absenteeism may have roots that affect the attendance of an

individual. A constant doing may lead to a constant result, just like domino (Asia child

Data Trend, 2008). Coping up is never easy, especially when there is a lot of work" to

be done. Some teachers are also considerate that slows down the run of class

discussion. Absenteeism alone when a large part of the school population is involved

may not only cause a problem to the school but also to the local administration

(Williams 2000). The performances being recorded at the diagnostic tests or midterm

exams for example will determine the schools performance. And when absences are

done, it can pull down even the highest scores. $that is why the results of absenteeism

are to be identified as so the solutions can be formulated to materiali0e the aims of the

school and the individuals