Bicol State College of Applied Science and Technology

City of Naga

Case Study on House-Hold Energy

and Water Consumption

Fiona E. Rodriguez
BSIT-FT 2A
 I. Introduction

Energy and water were both an important contributors to the community and
most especially to the whole country. The energy run most of the man-made
inventions like the equipment, appliances, technologies and more. People couldn’t
take any minute without the energy especially here in the Philippines for these
country is prone to floods cause by the rain and typhoons which somehow be the
reason of black out of every affected community. In the same manner, water were
affected by the natural occurrence of climates nor worst by human beings which is
the produced human waste that greatly put the quality and supply to risk.

People carelessly consume the energy and water daily as the supply are still
enough to provide the consumer’s needs. In Metro Manila and here in Bicol Region
the called water and energy interruption is frequently applied which aimed is to
control and sustain the resources that we currently have today. House-hold energy
and water audit will be a great idea in enabling the consumer’s to be aware with their
monthly usage. These may also be the best way to start practicing the ways to
sustain the water and energy up to more generations to come.

II. Thesis Statement

The case study aims to monitor the house-hold monthly consumption through
daily consumption through daily monitoring of the energy and water consumption. By
adopting these practices consumers can be able to adopt and apply the proper
saving measures that these study will conclude.

III. Body
The researcher listed the gathered data in the house-hold energy and water
consumption for a month period of time. The data below shows the energy and
water consumption in the house-hold and also, it provides the energy and water
saving measure which is included in the study.

The table 1 shows the data in the house-hold energy consumption per day in
watts per hour.
 Table 1. House-Hold Energy Consumption
Inventory of house- Average Hours Consumption
hold appliances Quantity Power Rating used (per day) (watts per hour)

Electric Fan 2 65 watts 10 hours 1,300 watts per

hour
Cellphone Charger 2 10 watts 5 hours 100 watts per
hour
Florescent Light 5 5 watts 3 hours 75 watts per hour
Wifi Router 1 5 watts 14 hours 70 watts per hour
Rice Cooker 1 350 watts 1 hour
350 watts per
hour
Television 1 48 watts 6 hours 288 watts per
hour
Refrigerator 1 85 watts 24 hours 2,040 watts per
hour
Formula: Quantity x Power Rating x Average Hours used (per day) = Consumption
(watts per hour)
The table 2 shows the average monthly consumption of water in the house-hold.
Table 2. House-Hold Water Consumption
Water Monthly No. of household Average monthly consumption
Fixtures Quantit water members per person
Inventor y Consumption
y (CuM)
M1 M2 M3 M1 M2 M3 M1 M2 M3

Faucet 2 11 10 8 3 3 3 4 3 3
Cu Cu Cu perso perso perso consumptio consumptio consumptio
M M M n n n n per n per n per
person person person
Kitchen 1 5 5 4 3 3 3 2 2 1
Sink Cu Cu Cu perso perso perso consumptio consumptio consumptio
M M M n n n n per n per n per
Faucet person person person
Formula: Average Monthly Consumption = Monthly Water Consumption/No. of
household member
The table 3 shows the recommended saving measures in consuming the water
and energy in the house-hold.
Table 3. Proposed Energy and water saving measure
Energy Water
Unplug unused electronics or gadgets Use a basin in washing the dishes
 Turn off lights in daylight Use one (1) glass of water when brushing
teeth
Turn down electricity when not home Save used water laundry and bath for
bathroom flush
Turn off refrigerator once or twice a week Save water from rain for bathroom
consumption and in laundry
Invest in energy-efficient appliances and Do full loads of laundry
bulbs
Repair any electrical wirings or issues Fix leak faucets

IV. Decision Criteria (Proposed Solution)

The case study mainly focus on the ways to conserve and sustain longer the
energy and water resources. Based from the above proposed energy and water
saving measures the “invest in energy efficient appliances and bulbs” is somewhat
the most necessary to adopt as a more reliable saving measures. In every individual
household, although all the listed in table 3 were all good conservation practices yet
investing to more efficient energy nor appliances is a good thing and best decision to
make.
According to Clearly K, et.,al (2020) from the article of Resources for the
Future, it states that “energy efficient LED light bulbs are able to produce the same
amount of light as in candescent light bulbs by using 70 to 80 percent less
electricity”. As to the given example from these article investing to these energy
efficient bulbs nor appliances will be a big help in lessen the bill consumption and
will also contribute in preventing climate change and or global warming.
Investing to an energy efficient appliances and bulbs also promote “protection
to the environment from harmful gases and in climate change”, Through switching
from high consuming appliances and bulbs to an energy efficient one are a way of
sustaining and protecting the natural resources that we now still have like the raw
materials which is use in producing energy or electricity. As the article of Astra
Energy discusses the 5 significant benefits of using the energy efficient appliances
by Afox (2021), the said article also provides various significant on why a household
should switch to the most convenient appliances, energy and water.
Renewable energy will also be part nor covered by the energy efficient, for it
also contribute to a convenient consumption of energy and water. Also by doing so
the effect on the environment and or resources will be consume lesser than usual. It
will also save more from higher bill expenses. There are a lot of renewable energy
which can be offer to every household consumers, one of these are the solar panels
and solar energies. A lot who has capability of affording these renewable energy
enjoys hassle and higher bills expenses. Aside from these sources there are also
the wind energy, hydro energy, geothermal, and biomass fuels are somehow applied
 to various places in the Philippines and even in the other countries. (Lecture 6.
Renewable Energy sources for the build environment)
According to U A S K EDIRISINGHE(2012) it evaluates the effectiveness of
the lightning system of using LED technology in commercial buildings in Sri Lanka.
The study focuses on evaluating the advantages of LED compared to fluorescent
light. It also stated that “the power consumption per unit area was reduced up to 60
percent for LED Lighting system compared with the florescent lighting”. As this study
provide efficient evidence regarding in the above percentage of its effectiveness, it
highly proves that in every household LED will be worth invested for.
Fluorescent light is the commonly known light since the LED light, solar
energy, wind energy, geothermal energy and more are recently introduced to
everybody nor to most countries that is also why we experience high consumption of
energy which results in high bills and not efficient consumption of energy. As the
energy increases in consumption, we then invested to more energy efficient LED
bulbs and appliances through checking its watts per hour consumption. With these
conclusions it came up with the result that we should start applying the smart
choices and decisions which is to invest in energy efficient appliance and bulbs.

V. Assumption
The study proposed various conclusions and/or saving measure practices
which will be adopt in individual house hold. By doing so the study expected that the
energy and water bills will be lessen. Also, the study is expecting that the provided
saving measure practices will be applied successfully in the day to day basis of the
consumers.

VI. Data Analysis

The gathered data’s from table’s 1-3 will be the parameter in knowing if the study
is successful with its objectives. Graph 1, will discuss the household energy
consumption under consumption of energy used (watts per hour).
 Consumption (watts per hour)

Electric Fan Cellphone Charger Fluorescent Light Wifi Router

Rice Cooker Television Refrigerator
Graph 1. Consumption of Energy (watts per hour)
Based from the above data’s, it primarily conclude that some of the
household appliances were a bit higher in consumption. The listed appliances above
are the usual or most used in every household those are normally the high consuming
in energy. According to the article and studies available in these study it primarily shows
that appliances nor bulbs which are high in watts per hour consumption will result in
higher electric bill which also can affect the climate change and can trigger the global
warming. Based from the above pie the refrigerator has the highest consumption of
2,040 watts per hour, followed by the electric fan with 1,300 watts per hour, the rice
cooker with 350 watts per hour, television with 288 watts per hour, cellphone charger
with 100 watts per hour, fluorescent light with 75 watts per hour and the wifi router
which is the lowest consumption with 70 watts per hour.

Graph 2. Consumption of water per household members

Water is our main source of living we couldn’t live without it. Based from
the above data in household water consumption, the faucet is the higher consuming in
water compared to the kitchen faucet. If you will look closely, in every household kitchen
faucet is the most used faucet in a day to day scenario, yet, the data above shows that
the rest of the faucet are recorded with high number of consumption. It best explains
that in every household the kitchen faucet is the mainly used faucet ,yet, it only
recorded a lower water consumption consumes a lot of water per day compared to the
other faucets that normally by individual members of the household.

VII. Justification
The study can justify that every household members are truly could not properly
consume every sources like the energy and water properly. Upon providing the
proposed saving measures the consumers are able to be aware of their daily to monthly
consumption and with these they can be able to be conscious and be careful with their
careless usage of energy and water. According to McMahon, JE et.,al (2006) “reduction
in water consumption at the end-use level directly reduce energy consumption” and
“recent findings states that the larger energy savings are not only available but may be
more cost-efficient from water efficiency measures that had been identified in
California’s electricity saving plans”. The stated conclusion and findings of McMahon
only shows that when a consumers reduce its consumption a lot of water and energy
will be conserve.
As the study introduced the proper practices to the members of the household,
from its monthly high consumption the recently usage results to efficient usage. Through
adopting and applying the proposed saving practices in a daily lifestyle surely there will
be a big changes. More effective usage nor consumption will then lead to energy and
water sustainment, also, it will prevent from global warming outbreak and a prevention
from shortage of resources.
The table 4 shows the proposed saving measures of the study and its expected
outcomes.
Table 4. Energy interventions and expected outcomes.
Energy Intervention
Saving Measures and Interventions Expected Outcome
Unplug unused electronics and gadgets.
Turn off lights in day light.
Turn off refrigerator once a week.
Turn down electricity when not home.
Invest in an energy-efficient appliances
and bulbs.
Repair any electrical wirings or issues.
 Water Intervention
Saving Measures and Intervention Expected Outcome
Use one (1) glass of water in brushing
your teeth.
Use a basin in washing the dishes.
Save used water from rain for bathroom
consumption and in laundry.
Save used water in laundry and bath for
bathroom flush.
Do full loads of laundry.
Fix leak faucet.

VIII. Conclusions and Recommendations

Improper usage of energy and water were the main reason of lack of resources
in Metro Manila, by means of applying those saving measures especially the, (1) unplug
unused electronics or gadgets, (2) turn off light in day light, (3) save water from laundry
for bathroom flush, (4) save water from rain for laundry and bathroom flush, (5) do full
loads of laundry are all easy to do and apply. If the saving practices will be successfully
adopt then it will not only save the energy and water resource it will also help the
consumers to be a responsible users and perform properly the must conservation.
IX. Executive Summary
As the case study undergoes investigations and several research about the
energy and water consumption, the researchers figured out the relevant solutions in the
arousing issues today. Some of the practices as a saving measures are: invest in an
energy efficient appliances and bulb, saving water from rain and used water to be used
in flush and more. Although, the researcher focus in the ‘invest in an energy efficient
appliances and bulbs’ as the main scope of these study for it highly promotes
conservation and best fit to a family consumption. Also, according to the studies and
article of Cleary, K et,.al (2020), Afox (2021), and U A S K EDIRISINGHE (2012) it all
discuss and provide data’s nor evidences about the saving efficiencies of investing to
more energy efficient appliances and bulbs. Through these study it let people embrace
the right and must practices that should be applied in consuming the energy and water
in the very begging.
These study will serve as an eye opener to those whom waste and over
consume the resources- energy and water. People especially us consumers should
start now while we can still save and secure our resources, it’s better to start now than
never.
 References
Clearly K, et.,al (2020). Energy Efficient 101:
https://www.rff.org/publications/explainers/energy-efficiency-101/?
fbclid=IwAR2OeDGpkL5AsPag3b7ad6Jwj1_sPJ-NVONrjbuEYlTsOJNGdD0UV0ki84g
Afox (2021). 5 Significant Benefits of Using Energy-Efficient Appliances:
https://www.astralenergyllc.com/5-significant-benefits-of-using-energy-efficient-
appliances/?fbclid=IwAR05rTs6-
x7eTkfuMXAQuKQIJDrPJiuHenza1a3T_QYnI2ZfyQTlk-73TaE
U A S K EDIRISINGHE (2012). How to conserve energy: 31 ways to save
Electricity at home: https://www.ecofriendlyhabits.com/how-to-conserve-energy/?
fbclid=IwAR19E30X2R_VBrhI35t1ctY2C3u6doQ-AxhRFW-ytZgvzMXPXYtSsQw_Jfs