A

SYNOPSIS ON

“AUTOMATIC THREE PHASE LOAD

SHARING OF TRANSFORMER”
By

GROUP MEMBER
(16251202)
UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

Prof. S.V.Patil
IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF

B. Tech.
ELECTRICAL POWER SYSTEM,
GOVERNMENT COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, KARAD.

YEAR 2017-2018

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING,

GOVERNMENT COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, KARAD-415124.
 GOVERNMENT COLLEGE OF ENGINNEERING,KARAD
(An Autonomous Institute of Government of Maharashtra)
VIDYANAGAR, KARAD, 415124 DIST SATARA
Phone – (02164) 271711 , 271712 Fax No. – ( 02164) 271713
Website :www.gcekarad.ac.in Email : [email protected]

SYNOPSIS

1) Name of Course : M.Tech Electrical (Power Systems)

2) Name of the Student : Mr. Bhavsar Atul Rajendra
3) Date of Registration : August 2016
4) Name of Guide : Prof. S.V.Patil.
Associate Professor in Electrical Engineering,
Government College of Engineering, Karad.

5) Proposed Name of Dissertation : “AUTOMATIC THREE PHASE LOAD SHARING OF

TRANSFORMER”.
6) Relevance:

The transformer is a very bulky and costly equipment of electrical power system that
steps up/down the level of power of the system. The transformer operates throughout the day
in the supply system which makes it one of the most important part of the electrical power
system. Many of the times the condition occurs in the system when the load on the
transformer fluctuates outside the normal operating range which may lead to the overload
condition and damage of the insulation of windings resulting the failure in operation of the
transformer, thus causing interruption of the supply.

One of the main reasons of overloading is the improper load sharing of the
transformers. One of the best solutions to avoid the overloading is to operate the number of
transformers in parallel. It is same like parallel operation of transformers where the number
of transformers shares the system load. The transformers work efficiently and thus damage is
prevented. The outcome of this project is based on reliable power supply and safety of
transformer. By implementation of this scheme, the problem of interruption of supply due to
transformer overloading or overheating can be avoided.

Methodology

There are different terms used in power system like load shedding, load sharing etc... So first
we have to differentiate between load shedding and load sharing.
- Load shedding – It is process of cut-off the loads on the approximated area
according to the load priority to reduce the increase demand greater than the supply.
- Load sharing - Load sharing means generally equally share the load in power
system. In power system load sharing of transformer is achieved with different techniques. It
means in distributed power system if two transformer is connected. One transformer share the
load in normal condition. If load demand is increasing and one transformer is connected not
able to fulfill demand than another transformer is directly connected with main transformer in
parallel and share the load. In power system it is called load sharing of transformer. Main
transformer is called power transformer and another transformer that are connected with the
main transformer are called slave transformer in power system. For supplying a load in more
than the rating of an existing transformer, two or more transformers may be connected in
parallel with the existing (main) transformer.
The transformers are connected in parallel when load on one of the transformers is
more than its capacity. Due to the parallel operation of transformer reliability of power
system is increase and damage to the various equipment in substation like transformers are
reduces. To archive parallel operation of transformers some conditions are to be satisfied
compulsory.

Fig 1 shows the two transformers are connected parallel. There are total two
buses in the system one is supply bus and another one is load bus. At the load
bus, load is connected. E1 is primary side voltage and E2 is secondary side
voltage. If a condition occurs and load is suddenly increased, then second
transformer is in parallel with the main transformer to supply the load demand.

II. NEED OF PARALLEL OPERATION OF TRANSFORMER

- If a large size means large rating of transformer is not available which can actually fulfill
the total requirement of load, two or more small size transformers can be connected in
parallel to increase the capacity.
- If installation place like substation is located far away, then transportation of smaller size of
transformer is easier and may be economical. It will directly affect the cost.
- If more than one the transformers run in parallel, is out due to fault of other parallel
transformers is the system will share the load, hence power supply may not be interrupted.
- If numbers of transformers run in parallel, we can shut down any one of them for
maintenance purpose. Other parallel transformers in system will fulfill the load without total
interruption of power.

III. CONDITIONS FOR PARALLEL OPERATION OF TRANSFORMER

When two or more transformers run in parallel, they must satisfy the following
conditions for satisfactory performance.
 -Voltage Ratio or Turns Ratio
If the transformer connected in parallel have voltage ratio different than this will not good
condition for system. Due to the different voltage ratio induced emf generated at the
secondary side will be different. Which cause circulating current flows in the loop which are
formed by the secondary windings under no-load conditions. The value of this circulating
current is much higher than no load current. So chances of damage the winding of
transformer. Circulating current cause the losses and damage the insulation of the winding.
So the voltage ratio should be proper manner to achieve better parallel operation of
transformer.

V1/V2=N1/N2

7)Block Diagram:

This is microcontroller based system. Power supply to the Loads from a single transformer
under normal condition and a standby transformer is connected in parallel through a circuit
breaker. A current transformer measures the load current continuously and send it to the
microcontroller by converting it to a corresponding digital value in order to compare with the
reference value set by the user. Whenever the load current more than reference value, the
controller give output signal to the relay which energizes the relay coil. The relay coil thus
sends a tripping signal to the circuit breaker.
Then standby transformer is directly connected to the main transformer. Thus the load is
shared by the transformers equally. The current transformer continuous measures the load
current and compares it with the reference value. Whenever the load current go below
reference value one transformer is shut down. If the load value increases further beyond the
capacity of two transformers, load will be cut-off from the main supply based on the priority
level set by the user. This is done to provide un-interrupted power supply to higher priority
loads. The load parameters are continuously displayed in the LCD. Due to this we can show
the peak load time duration.

8) Literature review:
1.A. Gouda, Smart Electric Grids Three-Phase Automatic Load
Smart Electrical Grids require nowadays a large interest in the electrical load
distribution balancing problem. This problem is a well known for not having an optimal
solution for large-scale systems, where the number of single phase consumers connected to
three phase systems increases especially in very large-scale electrical distribution systems.
This paper presents a new control technique for an automatic circuit phase change as well as
an optimisation approach using Genetic Algorithms (GA) used to enhance the solution of
electrical load distribution balancing problem. In the first part of the paper, the system under
study is introduced, as well as the various solutions adopted. In the second part of the paper, a
GA formulation and implementation of the solution is presented. The efficiency of the GA
solution is also discussed.
2. Sayali R. Tirpude: Automatic Transformer Load Sharing System Using GSM Modem

The development of any country depends upon a large extent on availability and
usage of electricity. In normal we used to control the industrial equipments by manual
operation. It is overcome by a new mode of communication which is used to control all those
equipments through load sharing mechanism by a single message from anywhere. The main
aim of this project is to protect the failing or damage of transformers having applied more
load on it to share these with another backup supply using GSM technology. The purpose of
this project is to provide a secured environment for the transformers from overloads which
are distributing power to certain regions by sharing these overloads with another parallel
supply

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