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    Section 2 Basic Properties of Function

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    Ibrahim Hasanov
    This document provides a refresher on basic properties of functions. It defines the domain as the set of inputs and the range as the set of outputs of a function. It discusses x-intercepts as the points where a function crosses the x-axis and y-intercepts as the points where it crosses the y-axis. The document also defines monotonicity and describes operations that can be performed on functions and their graphs such as reflection, shifting, and absolute value. Several tasks provide examples of identifying these properties and performing operations on specific functions.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Section 2 Basic Properties of Function

    Uploaded by

    Ibrahim Hasanov
    35 views4 pages
    This document provides a refresher on basic properties of functions. It defines the domain as the set of inputs and the range as the set of outputs of a function. It discusses x-intercepts as the points where a function crosses the x-axis and y-intercepts as the points where it crosses the y-axis. The document also defines monotonicity and describes operations that can be performed on functions and their graphs such as reflection, shifting, and absolute value. Several tasks provide examples of identifying these properties and performing operations on specific functions.

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    This document provides a refresher on basic properties of functions. It defines the domain as the set of inputs and the range as the set of outputs of a function. It discusses x-intercepts as the points where a function crosses the x-axis and y-intercepts as the points where it crosses the y-axis. The document also defines monotonicity and describes operations that can be performed on functions and their graphs such as reflection, shifting, and absolute value. Several tasks provide examples of identifying these properties and performing operations on specific functions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    35 views4 pages

    Section 2 Basic Properties of Function

    Uploaded by

    Ibrahim Hasanov
    This document provides a refresher on basic properties of functions. It defines the domain as the set of inputs and the range as the set of outputs of a function. It discusses x-intercepts as the points where a function crosses the x-axis and y-intercepts as the points where it crosses the y-axis. The document also defines monotonicity and describes operations that can be performed on functions and their graphs such as reflection, shifting, and absolute value. Several tasks provide examples of identifying these properties and performing operations on specific functions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 4

    Mathematics – Refresher course - Section 2 Basic properties of function

    2.1. Domain and range


    A function is a rule that assigns to each object in a set 𝑋, one and only one object in a set 𝑌.

    Task 1 Are all graphs the graph of a function ?

    a) b) c) d)

    Let 𝒇: 𝑿 → 𝒀 be a real-valued function of one variable 𝑿 ⊂ ℝ, 𝒀 ⊂ ℝ, 𝒚 = 𝒇(𝒙), 𝒙, 𝒚 ∈ ℝ.


    1) The domain of a function 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) (denoted: 𝐷𝑓 ) is the set of all arguments 𝑥
    for which a value of the function can be evaluated: 𝐷𝑓 = {𝑥 ∈ ℝ ∶ ∃𝑦 ∈ ℝ 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥)}.
    2) The range of a function 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) (denoted: 𝑅𝑓 or 𝐷𝑓−1 ) is the set of all those values of 𝑓(𝑥) that
    correspond to arguments in the domain: 𝑅𝑓 = 𝐷𝑓−1 = {𝑦 ∈ ℝ ∶ ∃𝑥 ∈ 𝐷𝑓 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥)}.

    Note that:
     the domain of a function is the shade of its graph on 𝑥 −axis,
     the range of a function is the shade of its graph on 𝑦 −axis.

    2.2 𝒙 −intersept and 𝒚 −intersept

    1) A number 𝑥0 ∈ 𝐷𝑓 is an 𝒙 −intersept (root/zero) of a function 𝑓(𝑥) iff 𝑓(𝑥0 ) = 0.


    2) A point (0, 𝑦0 ) is a 𝒚 −intersept of a function 𝑓(𝑥) iff 𝑓(0) = 𝑦0 .

    Note that:
     a zero (root) of a function 𝑓 is the point on 𝑥 −axis at which the graph of a function 𝑓 crosses this
    axis,
     a 𝑦 −intersept of a function 𝑓 is the point on 𝑦 −axis at which the graph of a function 𝑓 crosses this
    axis.

     Beata Ciałowicz ~5~


    Mathematics – Refresher course - Section 2 Basic properties of function
    2.3 Monotonicity
    1) A function 𝑓 is increasing (𝑓 ↗) on the interval (𝑐, 𝑑) ⊂ 𝐷𝑓 iff:
    ∀𝑥1 , 𝑥2 ∈ (𝑐, 𝑑): [𝑥1 < 𝑥2 ⟹ 𝑓(𝑥1 ) < 𝑓(𝑥2 )].
    2) A function 𝑓 is decreasing (𝑓 ↘) on the interval (𝑐, 𝑑) ⊂ 𝐷𝑓 iff:
    ∀𝑥1 , 𝑥2 ∈ (𝑐, 𝑑): [𝑥1 < 𝑥2 ⟹ 𝑓(𝑥1 ) > 𝑓(𝑥2 )].
    3) A function 𝑓 is constant on the interval (𝑐, 𝑑) ⊂ 𝐷𝑓 iff:
    ∀𝑥1 , 𝑥2 ∈ (𝑐, 𝑑): [𝑥1 ≠ 𝑥2 ⟹ 𝑓(𝑥1 ) = 𝑓(𝑥2 )].

    Task 2 Find a domain, a range, an x-intersept and a y-intersept of the given function and check
    monotonicity:
    a)
    f(x) g(x) 𝑦
    3

    -1 1 3 -0.5 2 5 7 −2 0 2 𝑥
    -1 −1
    -3

    domain

    range

    x-intersept

    x-intersept

    monotonicity

     Beata Ciałowicz ~6~


    Mathematics – Refresher course - Section 2 Basic properties of function
    b) 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 − 5
    domain

    range

    x-intersept

    x-intersept

    monotonicity

    c) 𝑓(𝑥) = |3𝑥 − 7|
    domain

    range

    x-intersept

    x-intersept

    monotonicity

    d) 𝑓(𝑥) = √6 − 2𝑥

    domain

    range

    x-intersept

    x-intersept

    monotonicity

     Beata Ciałowicz ~7~


    Mathematics – Refresher course - Section 2 Basic properties of function
    2.4 Operations on graphs
    If 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) a function and 𝑎, 𝑏 ∈ ℝ, then:
     𝑦 = 𝑓(−𝑥) is the graph of 𝑓 reflected across the 𝑦 −axis,
     𝑦 = −𝑓(𝑥) is the graph of 𝑓 reflected across the 𝑥 −axis,
     𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥 + 𝑎) is the graph of 𝑓 shifted left (for 𝑎 > 0) or right (for 𝑎 < 0)
    horizontally 𝑎 units,
     𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑏 is the graph of 𝑓 shifted up (for 𝑏 > 0) or down (for 𝑏 < 0)
    vertically 𝑏 units,
    𝑓(𝑥), 𝑓(𝑥) ≥ 0
     𝑦 = |𝑓(𝑥)| = { .
    −𝑓(𝑥), 𝑓(𝑥) < 0
    Task 3 Let a function 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) be given. Make a graph of this function and graphs of functions:
    𝑦 = 𝑓(−𝑥), 𝑦 = −𝑓(𝑥), 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥 − 2), 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) + 1, 𝑦 = |𝑓(𝑥)| , where
    a) 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥
    b)

    c) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2

     Beata Ciałowicz ~8~

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