Citing Textual Evidence
Citing Textual Evidence
Citing Textual Evidence
Textual Evidence
Tips and Resources
What does it mean? Why do we have to do it?
● As readers, writers and thinkers, it is ● Read closely to determine what the
natural for students to develop ideas, text says explicitly and to make
ask questions, and make claims logical inferences from it; cite
regarding what they are reading. specific textual evidence when
● Citing textual evidence requires writing or speaking to support
students to look back into the text for conclusions drawn from the text.
evidence to support an idea, answer a CCSS.ELALITERACY.CCRA.R.1
question or make a claim. ● It is an important skill especially in a
● Citing evidence requires students to society where it is increasingly more
think more deeply about the text, important for students to be critical of
analyze the author, source etc. what they read.
● Students also need to practice finding ● It encourages students to use higher
strong evidence to support their ideas. level thinking skills.
○ Good evidence doesn’t require a ● It is hard! Students struggle with it,
lot of explanation to fit a claim. and the sooner we start helping them
with it the easier it will become.
Tips
Summarized from
The Great Books Foundation
Click on link for more detailed explanations!
1. Model the importance of evidence
○ Use evidence when you share ideas and always encourage students to provide
evidence.
2. Choose texts and questions that warrant close reading
○ Choose complex short texts that will encourage students to form ideas and opinions.
3. Explain what makes strong evidence
○ Remind students that good evidence fits the question and the answer.
4. Ask text dependent questions
○ Make sure the questions you ask require students to go back into the text.
5. Encourage collaboration
○ Have students work together and discuss.
6. Have students reflect on their own use of evidence
○ Have students selfassess: do they think they did a good job finding evidence?
Strategy Ideas
1. Conversational Roundtable
○ Click on the link to access an article that explains the importance of collaborative
conversations and how this strategy can be used.
2. Discussion Web
○ This web can be modified in many ways to encourage students to find evidence
supporting both sides of a central question.
3. It Says, I Say, And So
○ This is a great strategy for teaching inferring and using evidence. Math example
included.
4. Vocabulary Study
○ Require these components to encourage students to use evidence when
determining meaning of vocabulary words word, clue(evidence), explain,
meaning
5. Math Justifications and Grading Process
○ This article explains how evidence can be used in justifying an answer in math
and includes great rubrics for assessment.
Additional Resources
Click on the book cover to explore each book on Amazon!
Articles and Web Resources
Show Me the Proof: Requiring Evidence in Student ResponsesFisher and Frey
Common Core Teaching and Learning Strategies from ISBE
Tips for Citing Evidence in Writing and Close Reading from UVM
Checklist for Students to Evaluate their Use of Evidence from ReadWriteThink
Developing Evidence Based Arguments Lesson Idea from ReadWriteThink