Republika ng Pilipinas

KAGAWARAN NG EDUKASYON
Rehiyon IV-A CALABARZON
SANGAY NG BATANGAS
St. Blaise Community Academy, Inc.
San Luis, Batangas/ [email protected]
 043 – 740-960609997646638 / 09218539116

Name of Student: ___________________________________________________ Section: ________________________

Present Address: ____________________________________________________ Contact no. ____________________
Subject Matter: Science
Topic: Heredity: Inheritance and Variations (Quarter 1- Module 3)

WHAT ARE YOU SUPPOSED TO LEARN?

After going through this lesson, you should be able to:
1. Define what is heredity, genes and chromosomes.
2. Discuss the location of genes on chromosomes.
3. Identify the number of chromosomes in both male and female.

WHAT I KNOW?
Directions: Analyze the questions and answer the following questions. Write your answer on the space provided.
_____1. It is the study of heredity, or how genes carry and bring the transfers of characteristics or traits in living things.
a. Genetics c. Chromosomes
b. Heredity d. Inheritance
_____2. __________ are the different qualities that are passed down from parents to child.
a. Genes c. Traits
b. Genetics d. Chromosomes
_____3. A structure found inside the nucleus of the cell.
a. Centromere c. Chromosomes
b. Autosome d. genes
_____4. Humans have _____ pairs of these small thread-like structures in the nucleus of their cells
a. 14 c. 50
b. 23 d. 20
_____5. The chromosomes are made up of the chemical substance called __________.
a. Nucleic acid c. chromosomes
b. Genetics d. DeoxyriboNucleic Acid

WHAT’S NEW?
Directions: Identify whether the following parts of your body is the same to your mother or to your father. Put a check on its
corresponding column.
MIX AND MATCH

EYES

NOSE

MOUTH/LIPS

HAIR

COLOR OF SKIN

COLOR OF EYES

HEIGHT

WHAT IS IT?
Genetics is the study of heredity, or how genes carry and bring the transfers of characteristics or traits in living things. It
focuses oh how different qualities, called traits, re passed down from parents to child. Genetics helps explain what makes you
unique, why family members look alike, and why some diseases run in families.
Heredity is a biological process where a parent passes certain genes onto their children or offspring. Every child inherits
genes from both biological parents and these genes turn into specific traits or characteristics. Some of these traits may be physical
for example hair and eye color and skin color etc. On the other hand, some genes may also carry the risk of certain diseases and
disorders that can be passed on from parents to their offspring ( diabetes, Cardiovascular diseases)

SCIENCE 9 – HEREDITY: INHERITANCE AND VARIATION

Genes on the Cells
The genetic information lies within the cell nucleus of each living cell in the body. Each gene is a piece of genetic
information. All the DNA in the cell makes up for human genome. There are about 20,000 genes located on one of the 23
chromosome pairs found in the nucleus.

Chromosomes
A chromosome is an organized package of DNA found in the nucleus of the cell. A structure
found inside the nucleus of a cell. Humans have 23 pairs of these small thread-like structures in the
nucleus of their cells. 23 or the half of the total 46 comes from the mother while the other 23 comes
from the father.
At one point along their length, each chromosome has a constriction, called the centromere.
The centromere divides the chromosomes into two ‘arms’: a long arm and a short arm. Chromosomes
are numbered from 1 to 22 and these are common for both sexes called autosomes. There are also
two chromosomes that have been given the letters X and Y and termed as sex chromosomes. The X
chromosome is much larger than the Y chromosome.
Some chromosomes may carry thousands of important genes while some may carry only a
few. The chromosomes, and therefore genes, are made up of the chemical substance called DNA
(DeoxyriboNucleic Acid). The chromosomes are very long thin strands of DNA, coiled up tightly.

Chemical Bases
The genes are further made up of unique codes of
chemical bases comprising of A, T, C and G (Adenine, Thymine,
Cytosine and Guanine). These chemical bases make up
combinations with variations and combinations.
These chemicals bases are part of the DNA. The words
when stringed together act as the blueprints that tells the cells of
the body when and how to grow, mature and perform various
functions. With age the genes may be affected and may develop
faults and damages due t environmental and endogenous toxins.

Males and Females

Women have 46 chromosomes (44 autosomes plus two copies of the X chromosome) in their body cells. They have half of
this or 22 autosomes plus an X chromosome in their egg cells.
Men have 46 chromosomes (44 autosomes plus an X and a Y chromosome) in their body cells and have half of these 22
autosomes plus an X or Y chromosome in their sperm cells.
When the egg joins with the sperm, the resultant baby has 46 chromosomes (with either an XX in a female baby or XY in a
male baby).

Location of Genes on Chromosomes

Geneticists use 2 types of maps to describe the location of a
particular gene on a chromosome. The first type of map uses the
cytogenetic location to describe a gene’s position. The cytogenic
location is based on a distinctive pattern of bands created when
chromosomes are stained with certain chemicals. The second type of
map uses the molecular location, a precise description of agene’s
position on a chromosome. The molecular location is based on the
sequence of DNA building blocks or the base pairs that make up the
chromosome.

Cytogenetic Location
Genetics use a standardized way of describing a gene’s cytogenetic location. In most cases, the location describes the
position of a particular band on a stained chromosome: The combination of numbers and letters provide a gene’s “address” on
a chromosome: This address is made up of several parts.

The first number or letter used to describe a gene’s location represents the chromosomes. Chromosomes 1 through 22
(the autosome) are designated by their chromosome number. The sex chromosome are designated by X or Y.

The arm of the chromosome. Each chromosome is divided into two sections (arms) based on the location of narrowing
(constriction) called the centromere. By convention, the shorter arm is called p, and the longer arm is called q. The chromosome
arm is the second part of the gene’s address.

SCIENCE 9 – HEREDITY: INHERITANCE AND VARIATION

 WHAT’S MORE?
Directions: Read the following sentence and identify whether the following statement is true or false.
________1. Genetics is the study of heredity, or how genes are carried and bring the transfers of characteristics or traits in living
things.
________2. Traits are the different qualities that are passed down from parents to child.
________3. Genes are the biological process where a parent passes certain genes onto their children or offspring.
________4. The genetic information lies within the cell membrane of each living cell in the body.
________5. Human have 23 pairs of small thread-like structures in the nucleus of their cells.
________6. Chromosomes are number from 1 to 20 and these are common for both sexes and called autosomes.
________7. The chromosomes, and therefore the genes, are made up of chemical substance called DNA (DeoxyriboNucleic Acid).
________8. Women have 46 chromosomes.
________9. Men have 45 chromosomes.
________10. When the egg joins the sperm, the resultant baby has 46 chromosomes.

WHAT I CAN DO?

Directions: Rearrange the jumbled letters to reveal what is asked in each number. Use the given clues.

1. study of heredity TISCNEGE

2. different qualities IRASTT
3. parents pass certain traits to children YTREHEID
4. chemical base that is part of DNA EANINED
5. constriction of chromosome ORTCNEMEER
6. distinctive pattern of bonds ICTEENOGTCY
7. precise description of genes position on chromosome RALUCELOM
8. chemical substance NAD
9. chemical base that is part of DNA YTIENMH
10. organized package of DNA EMSOOROMCH

ASSESSMENT

Directions: Analyze the questions and answer the following questions. Write your answer on the space provided.
_____1. It is the study of heredity, or how genes carry and bring the transfers of characteristics or traits in living things.
a. Genetics c. Chromosomes
b. Heredity d. Inheritance
_____2. __________ are the different qualities that are passed down from parents to child.
a. Genes c. Traits
b. Genetics d. Chromosomes
_____3. A structure found inside the nucleus of the cell.
a. Centromere c. Chromosomes
b. Autosome d. genes
_____4. Humans have _____ pairs of these small thread-like structures in the nucleus of their cells
a. 14 c. 50
b. 23 d. 20
_____5. The chromosomes are made up of the chemical substance called __________.
a. Nucleic acid c. chromosomes
b. Genetics d. DeoxyriboNucleic Acid
_____6. Shorter arm of the centromere.
a. P c. s
b. Q d. k
_____7. Longer arm of the centromere.
a. P c. k
b. Q d. s
_____8. It is the distinctive pattern of bands created when chromosomes are stained with certain chemicals.
a. Cytosine c. molecular
b. Guanine d. cytogenetic
_____9. A precise description of a gene’s position on a chromosome.
a. Molecular c. genes
b. Cytogenetic d. genetics
_____10. When the egg and sperm join, what is the expected number of chromosomes a baby can have?
a. 23 c. 46
b. 22 d. 45

SCIENCE 9 – HEREDITY: INHERITANCE AND VARIATION

WHAT I CAN SHOW?

st
How do you think having knowledge, skills, values/attitudes in Heredity: Inheritance and Variation can develop your 21
century skills? (Communication, collaboration, creativity, critical thinking, productivity, leadership and technology literacy
st
*Choose at least one or two 21 century skill*)?
(PLEASE WRITE YOUR ANSWER ON THE PROVIDED ANSWER SHEET.)

REFERENCES

Banares et al.. Insight Holistic Approach in Science 9

https://www.google.com/search?q=chromosome
https://www.google.com/search?q=parts+of+the+body
https://www.google.com/search?q=genes+in+cells

SCIENCE 9 – HEREDITY: INHERITANCE AND VARIATION

 NOTE: PLEASE SUBMIT ONLY THIS PORTION OF THE MODULE TO SBCA FOR CHECKING.

Name of Student: ___________________________________________________ Section: _____________________

Present Address: ____________________________________________________ Contact no. __________________
Subject Matter: Science 9
Topic: Heredity: Inheritance and Variation (Quarter 1- Module 3)

WHAT I KNOW? Write only the letter of the correct answer.

Pre-Test. Multiple Choice

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
WHAT’S MORE? Write your answer in the table below.

True or False
1. 6.
2. 7.
3. 8.
4. 9.
5. 10.
WHAT I CAN DO? Write your answer in the space provided below.

Enumeration
1. 6.
2. 7.
3. 8.
4. 9.
5. 10.

ASSESSMENT Write your answer on the space provided

Multiple Choice
1. 6.
2. 7.
3. 8.
4. 9.
5. 10.

WHAT I CAN SHOW? Write your answer in the space provided below.

SCIENCE 9 – HEREDITY: INHERITANCE AND VARIATION

 ST. BLAISE COMMUNITY ACADEMY, INC.
Junior High School
San Luis, Batangas/ [email protected]/ www.chs-sbca.com

Module 3: Quarter 1
Topic: Heredity: Inheritance and Variation

NAME OF STUDENT:

SCIENCE 9 – HEREDITY: INHERITANCE AND VARIATION