Application of Fourier Analysis

Application of Fourier Analysis:
Introduction:
We have solved a lot of questions related to Fourier analysis in our course and will
be solving more in the future. It might be boring for some of us, but it becomes interesting
when we know its application. Initial Fourier series was found to solve the heat equation which
was a differential equation. But When time pass it become more and more applicable to the
processes in science, as the series deals with the periodic function which is the behavior of
waves too. It was used to solve problem relating to waves. Later on, the Fourier transform was
discovered which is used to solve problem which are relating to non-periodic function. As the
years passed more modifications were made in it before useful than ever.
It is mostly used in signal processing, Music, noise cancellation, pictures (JPEG), in

biotechnology, X-Ray Crystallography, passive sonar. And we also use it in our daily life a lot
without knowing it.
Differential equations:
As the Fourier series was initially discovered for solving the heat equation which is a
differential equation, so it was used to solve other differential equation, it made the calculation
much easier and time preserving.
It is mostly used to solve equation like heat equation, wave equation and Laplace equation.
For example:
the Fourier series solution to the differential equation y′′+2y=3x with the boundary conditions y
(0) = y (1) =0.
Solution.
We will use the Fourier sine series for representation of the nonhomogeneous solution to
satisfy the boundary conditions. Using the results of Example 3 on the page Definition of
Fourier Series and Typical Examples, we can write the right side of the equation as the series
Biotechnology:
The process for finding protein mutation libraries is a very important process using iSAR
(innovative Sequence Activity Relationship). If we can analyze the mutation, we can prevent
many diseases and can cure more and could improve our health and other important
application in biochemical. iSAR converts the amino acid sequence into a protein spectrum
after its numerical encoding using selected physicochemical properties of its constitutive amino
acids and subsequent treatment using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), It then finds a regression
function that correlates changes brought in the spectra due to mutations and observed changes
in the fitness of the protein variants as measured experimentally.
Fourier transform is integral to all modern imaging, and is particularly important in MRI. The
signal received at the detector (receiver coils in MRI, piezoelectric disc in ultrasound and
detector array in CT) is a complex periodic signal made of a large number of constituent
frequencies (i.e., bandwidth). This can be visualized as multiple sine and or cosine waves along
a time-axis. Fourier transform represents the same data over a frequency-axis. A common
example is the MR spectroscopy image in which different molecules are at different frequencies
along the x-axis.
Approximation Theory:
approximation theory is concerned with how functions can best be approximated with
simpler functions, and with quantitatively characterizing the errors introduced thereby. In this
theorem we use the Fourier series to write a function as a trigonometric polynomial.
Control Theory:
Control theory deals with the control of continuously operating dynamical systems in
engineered processes and machines. The objective is to develop a control model for controlling
such systems using a control action in an optimum manner without delay or overshoot and
ensuring control stability. It’s mostly used in control systems an example of control system is it
is used in car’s cruise control, which is a device designed to maintain vehicle speed at a
constant desired or reference speed provided by the driver.
Control theory can also be used to monitor the stock market or to analyze real time data.
Every entity to be controlled can be associated to a controller and every data that is being
monitored becomes the data point. Now all the laws of control theory are applicable to this
scenario. Likewise, social sciences, medicines, and statistics are some domains which I feel are
very closely associated to the controller and data point analogy.
The Fourier series of functions in the differential equation often gives some prediction about
the behavior of the solution of differential equation. They are useful to find out the dynamics of
the solution.
The spectrum Analyzer:

Int is modern Era is a very important instrument for a researcher, it reads a digital signal
and provides Fourier coefficients which correspond to each of the sine and cosine of Fourier
series expansion of digital signals. This instrument uses FFT (fast Fourier Transform) provides
frequency component of the source signal.
Noise Cancellation:
As the using FFT we can identify the source of noise it can also be used for eliminating
the source of noise by introducing IFFT(Inverse Fast Fourier Transform).It is Used in DSP (Digital
Signal Processing ) which cleans up, transforms or amplifies a signal by FFT’ing the signal ,
removing, shifting or Damping he unwanted frequency components and then transforming the
signal back using IFFT on the filtered signal.
Data analysis:
Fourier transform can be used as high-pass, low-pass and band-pass filters and it can also be
applied to signal and noise estimation by encoding the time series.
In Cell phones:
Every mobile device has been built in high speed cellular data connection, just like the
Fourier transform because sound may be represented by a complex combination of their
waves.
Input Transducer:
This device converts physical signal from source to as electrical, mechanical, electronic
final more suitable for communicating.
MP3 & JEPG

Fourier series can almost approximate any wave and when it converges it converges really
fast. Compression is an application too; MP3 format uses this for audio compression. We take a
sound expand it Fourier series, the result is almost an infinite series but it converges so fast that
taking the first few terms is enough to reproduce the original sound.
JPEG uses the same idea. When we want the speckles to be removed from our pictures. The
boundaries between the picture and the speckles are the highest frequency component of the
image. Using the Fourier analysis, we can drop all the highest frequency components, then
reconstitute the picture, and so the speckles are removed using this method.
An experiment done by a student, which can be useful in shoe

production:
A student took the data generated by a person running on a force plate, since the force
exerted on feet from running is periodic for the most part, she fitted the data with a curve using
Fourier analysis, it can be very useful in developing better running shoes.
Digital Radio Reception without any superheterodyne circuit:

Most of the digital reception was done using a superheterodyne circuit which that
uses frequency mixing to convert a received signal to a fixed intermediate frequency which can
be more conveniently processed than the original carrier frequency. Using Fourier analysis
Digital radio reception can be done without the superheterodyne circuit or receiver.
Passive Sonar:
It is a method for detecting acoustic signals in an underwater environment, usually the
ocean. The Difference between the active and passive sonar is that the passive Sonar system
doesn’t emit s signal, it detects the acoustic signals emanating from the external sources. Which
usually uses Fourier transform.
Using the fractional Furrier Transform (FrFT) if used be much more useful than then Fourier
transform itself, the Fourier transform fails to fully address the issues like Doppler estimation
with chirp waveform and low-signal-to-noise ration detection due to the vagaries of the
medium, it can all be countered by using FrFT.
Human body:
When we are in are environment where there is a lot of noise, our mind makes our ears
hear just what we want to ear, by ignoring the other noise. It is just like using Fourier analysis in
Music or signal processing to cancel the unwanted frequency and use the frequency we want.

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Application of Fourier Analysis

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Application of Fourier Analysis:

It is mostly used in signal processing, Music, noise cancellation, pictures (JPEG), in

The spectrum Analyzer:

MP3 & JEPG

An experiment done by a student, which can be useful in shoe

Digital Radio Reception without any superheterodyne circuit:

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