MUSIC GRADE 10

Q 2 - WEEK 1
MUSIC OF AFRICA

EXPECTATIONS
After going through this module, you are expected to describe the
historical and cultural background of Afro-Latin American and Popular
music.
PRETEST
Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the letter of the
correct answer on your answer sheet.
1. This is the term used to describe the fusion of West American with
Black American Music.
A. Afrobeat
B. Axe
C. Apala
D. Jive
2. It is a popular form of South African Music featuring a lively and
uninhibited variation of the jitterbug, a form of swing dance.
A. Juju
B. Marabi
C. Kwassa Kwassa
D. Jive
3. This musical genre from Nigeria in the Yoruba tribal style used to
wake up the worshippers after fasting during the Muslim holy feast
of Ramadan.
A. Afrobeat
B. Axe
C. Apala
D. Jive

4. It is known as a South African three- chord township music which evolved

into African Jazz.
A. Juju
B. Marabi
C. Kwassa Kwassa
D. Jive
 5. It is a hard and fast percussive Zimbabwean dance music played on
drums with guitar accompaniment, influenced by mbira – based guitar
styles.
A. Axe
B. Jive
C. Jit
D. Juju

LOOKING BACK
Directions: The following are composers of 20th century music. List down
the style of music they developed and give its characteristics.

COMPOSER STYLE OF MUSIC CHARACTERISTICS

Claude Debussy

Arnold Schoenberg

Bela Bartok

John Cage

Leonard Bernstein

BRIEF INTRODUCTION OF THE LESSON

MUSIC OF AFRICA
Music of Africa has always been an important part in their daily life.
African traditional music is largely functional in nature, used primarily in
ceremonial rites, such as birth, death, marriage, succession, worship, and
spirit invocations. Music and dance are also important to religious
expression and political events.
TYPES OF AFRICAN MUSIC
1. Afrobeat – term used to describe the fusion of West African with black
American Music.
2. Apala (Akpala) – Musical genre from Nigeria in the Yoruba tribal style
to wake up the worshippers after fasting during the Muslim holy feast of
Ramadan.
 3. Axe – popular musical genre from Salvador, Bahia, and Brazil. It fuses
the Afro – Caribbean styles of the marcha, reggae and calypso.
4. Jit – a hard and fast percussive Zimbabwean dance music played on
drums with guitar accompaniment, influenced by mbira – based guitar
styles.
5. Jive – a popular form of South African Music featuring a lively and
uninhibited variation of the jitterbug, a form of swing dance.
6. Juju – a popular music style from Nigeria that relies on the traditional
Yoruba rhythms.
7. Kwassa Kwassa – a dance style begun in Zaire in late 1980’s
popularized by Kanda Bongo man.
8. Marabi – a south African three- chord township music of the 1930’s –
1960’s which evolved into African Jazz
VOCAL FORMS OF AFRICAN MUSIC
1. BLUES is a musical form of the late 19th century that has had deep
roots in African – American communities. The notes of blues create expressive
and soulful sound. The feelings that are evoked are normally associated with
slight degrees of misfortune, lost in love, frustration, or loneliness.
2. SOUL Music was a popular music genre of the 1950’s and 1960’s. It
originated in the United States. It combines elements of African – American
gospel music, rhythm and blues, and often jazz. The catchy rhythms are
accompanied by handclaps and extemporaneous body moves which are
among its important features. James Brown was known as the “Godfather of
Soul”.
3. SPIRITUAL its texts are mainly religious, sometimes taken from
psalms of Biblical Passages. The Vocal inflections, Negro accents, and
dramatic dynamic changes add to the musical interest and effectiveness of
the performance.
4. CALL AND RESPONSE pertaining to a style of singing in which a
melody sung by one singer is responded to or echoed by one or more singers.
ACTIVITIES
Activity 1. CONCEPT MAP
Directions: Choose at least two vocal forms and give the characteristics of
the following and then explain the importance of this music to
the life of the African people.
VOCAL
MUSIC OF CHARACTERISTICS IMPORTANCE
AFRICA

ACTIVITY 2: LISTENING
Directions: Listen to the music of Shakira entitled “Waka Waka” (This Time
for Africa) then in one paragraph explain the message of
the song.

REMEMBER
Music of Africa has always been an important part of the daily life of
African people, whether for work, religion, ceremonies, or even
communication.

CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING

Directions: Why is music important on the life of African people?
List down five (5) reasons.

POSTTEST
Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the letter of the
correct answer on your answer sheet.
1. This is the term used to describe the fusion of West American with
Black American Music.
A. Afrobeat
B. Axe
C. Apala
D. Jive
 2. It is a popular form of South African Music featuring a lively and
uninhibited variation of the jitterbug, a form of swing dance.
A. Juju
B. Marabi
C. Kwassa Kwassa
D. Jive
3. This musical genre from Nigeria in the Yoruba tribal style used to
wake up the worshippers after fasting during the Muslim holy feast
of Ramadan.
A. Afrobeat
B. Axe
C. Apala
D. Jive
4. It is known as a South African three- chord township music which
evolved into African Jazz.
A. Juju
B. Marabi
C. Kwassa Kwassa
D. Jive
5. It is a hard and fast percussive Zimbabwean dance music played on
drums with guitar accompaniment, influenced by mbira – based
guitar styles.
A. Axe
B. Jive
C. Jit

References
•https://www.solsamba.co.uk/brazilianmusic/maracatu/#:~:text=Maracatu%20is%20a
n%20ancient%20carnival,preserve%20African%20culture%20and%20heritage.
•https://www.dictionary.com/browse/call-and-response
•https://www.slideshare.net/RonaJaneBlanco/afro-latin-american-and-popular-music
 MUSIC GRADE 10
Q-2 WEEK 2
LATIN AMERICAN MUSIC
EXPECTATIONS
After going through this module, you are expected to analyze
musical characteristics of Afro-Latin American and popular music through
listening activities.

PRETEST
Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the letter of the
correct answer on your answer sheet.
1. A popular courtship dance with European and African instrumentation
and characteristics.
A. Bossa Nova C. Reggae
B. Zouk D. Cumbia
2. Theatrical Spanish dance used by the Spaniards in bull fights.
A. Bossa Nova C. Reggae
B. Paso Doble D. Samba
3. A modern Trinidadian and Tobago pop music combining “soul” and
“calypso” music.
A. Reggae C. Soca
B. Salsa D. Were
4. Originated from the Spanish word “Taner” meaning to play.
A. Reggae C. Soca
B. Salsa D. Tango
5. A Jamaican sound dominated by bass guitar and drums.
A. Reggae C. Soca
B. Salsa D.Were
LOOKING BACK
Direction: Fill in the blanks with the correct answer. Write the answer on
your answer sheet.
1. the term used to describe the fusion of West African
with black American Music.
2. a popular form of South African Music featuring a
lively and uninhibited variation of the jitterbug, a form of swing dance.
3. a South African three- chord township music of the
1930’s – 1960’s which evolved into African Jazz.
4. hard and fast percussive Zimbabwean dance
music played on drums with guitar accompaniment.
5. a popular musical genre from Salvador, Bahia,
and Brazil.

BRIEF INTRODUCTION OF THE LESSON

LATIN AMERICAN INFLUENCED BY AFRICAN MUSIC
1. Reggae – a Jamaican sound dominated by bass guitar and drums.
2. Salsa – is a social dance with mark influence from Cuba and Puerto
Rico that started in New York in the mid-1970s.
3. Samba- is the basic underlying rhythm that typifies most Brazilian
music.
4. Soca – a modern Trinidadian and Tobago pop music combining “soul”
and “calypso” music.
5. Were – a Muslim music performed often as a wake – up call for early
breakfast and prayers during Ramadan celebrations.
6. Zouk – a fast, carnival – like rhythmic music, from Creole slang word
for “Party.”

VOCAL AND DANCE FORMS OF LATIN AMERICAN MUSIC

1. Cumbia –originating in Panama and Columbia. The cumbia became a
popular courtship dance with European and African instrumentation and
characteristics.
2. Tango-The word tango may have been of African origin meaning
“African Dance” or from the Spanish word “Taner” meaning “to play”(an
instrument).
3. Cha Cha- the Cha cha cha or simply cha cha is a ballroom dance that
originated in Cuba in the 1950s. It was derived from the mambo and its
characteristic rhythm of crochets-3 quavers-quaver rest, with a
syncopation on the fourth beat.
4. Rumba-the rumba is a popular recreational dance of Afro-Cuban
origin, performed in a complex duple meter pattern and tresillo, which is a
dotted quaver. It is normally used as a ballroom dance where a solo
dancer or a couple in an embrace through slightly apart- move with the
hips rocking to a fast-fast-slow sequence and often containing cross
rhythms.
5. Bossa Nova-originated in the late 1950s when a slower, gentler
version of the classic Cuban samba became popular with the upper and
middleclass sectors of Brazilian society. The name bossa nova is
Portuguese (the language of Brazil) for “new trend”.
6. Reggae- an urban popular music and dance style that originated in
Jamaica in the mid-1960s. It contained English text coupled with Creole
expressions that were not so familiar to the non-Jamaican. It contained a
Western style -melodic-harmonic base with African sounds and
characteristics, American pop and rock music mannerism, and a
preference for a loud volume in the bass.
7. Foxtrot- Originated after 1910 in the USA. It was executed as a one
step and syncopated rhythmic pattern.
8. Paso Doble- the paso doble meaning (“double step”) is a theatrical
Spanish dance used by the Spaniards in bullfights. The music was played
as the matador (a bull fighter whose task is to kill the bull) enters (paseo);
and also, during passes just before the kill (Faena).
ACTIVITIES
ACTIVITY 1. SPOT THE DIFFERENCE
Directions: Identify the difference between Bossa Nova and Reggae in
terms of its characteristics. List down Filipino or Foreign
musicians who are known in this kind of vocal style.
BOSSA NOVA REGGAE

REMEMBER
Latin – American Music Influenced by African Music are Reggae,
Salsa, Samba, Soca, Were, Zouk and their vocal and dance forms are
Cumbia, Tango, Cha cha cha, Rumba, Bossa Nova, Reggae, Foxtrot and
Paso Doble.

CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING

Directions: Complete the chart below. List down terms that are
associated with the word inside the box.

Popular Latin- Vocal and Dance

American Music Forms
 POSTTEST
Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the letter of the
correct answer on your answer sheet.
1. A popular courtship dance with European and African instrumentation
and characteristics.
A. Bossa Nova C. Reggae
B. Zouk D. Cumbia
2. Theatrical Spanish dance used by the Spaniards in bull fights.
A. Bossa Nova C. Reggae
B. Paso Doble D. Samba
3. A modern Trinidadian and Tobago pop music combining “soul” and
“calypso” music.
A. Reggae C. Soca
B. Salsa D. Were
4. Originated from the Spanish word “Taner” meaning to play.
A. Reggae C. Soca
B. Salsa D. Tango

5. A Jamaican sound dominated by bass guitar and drums.

A. Reggae C. Soca
B. Salsa D. Were

References
https://www.solsamba.co.uk/brazilianmusic/maracatu/#:~:text=Maracatu%20is%20a
n%20ancient20carnival,preserve%20African%20culture%20and%20heritage.
https://www.dictionary.com/browse/call-and-response
https://www.slideshare.net/RonaJaneBlanco/afro-latin-american-and-popular-music
https://www.biography.com/news/bob-marley-biography-facts
https://www.last.fm/music/Sitti
 MUSIC GRADE 10
Q-2 WEEK 3
POPULAR MUSIC
EXPECTATIONS
After going through this module, you are expected to analyze
musical characteristics of Afro-Latin American and popular music through
listening activities.

PRETEST
Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the letter of the
correct answer on your answer sheet.
1. Literally means music of the populace.
A. Hip hop C. Rock and Roll
B. Popular Music D. Alternative Music
2. An expressive folksong in narrative verse with text dealing typically
with love.
A. Blues C. Standards
B. Ballads D. Rock and Roll
3. Known as the King of Pop music.
A. Michael Jackson C. Ed Sheeran
B. Elvis Presley D. John Lennon
4. Music which used to denote the most popular and enduring songs
from a particular genre or style. Frank Sinatra was one of the
proponents of this style. .
A. Ballads C. Jazz
B. Disco D. Standards
5. The term originally used to refer only to Philippine pop songs,
particularly ballads in the late 1970s.
A. Folk Music C. Original Pilipino Music
B. Alternative D. Standards
LOOKING BACK
Directions: Compare and contrast African Music from Latin
American Music. List down at least 3 for each circle.

BRIEF INTRODUCTION OF THE LESSON

Popular Music
Popular music literally means “music of the populace” similar to the
traditional folk music of past. As it develops in the 20th century, pop music
(as it has come to be called) generally consisted of music for
entertainment of large numbers of people, whether on radio, or in live
performances.
Folk Music
Folk music refers to melodies and songs of the common people that
are handed down from generation to generation dealing with almost every
kind of human activity, folk music often expresses the character of ethnic
and social groups, and sometimes of a nation.
Country and Western Music
Music is blend of popular musical forms originally found in the
Southern United states. It has roots in traditional folk music and evolved
rapidly in the 1920s.
Ballads
The ballad originated as an expressive folksong in narrative verse
with text dealing typically with love. The word is derived both from the
medieval French “chanson balladee” and “ballade” which refers to a
dancing song.
Standards
In music the term “standard” is used to denote the most popular and
enduring songs from a particular genre or style, such as those by Irving
Berlin, Cole Porter and Rodgers and Hart. Its style is mostly in a slow or
moderate tempo with a relax mood. It also features highly sing able
melodies with the range and technical capacity of the amateur singer.
Rock and Roll
Rock and roll was a hugely popular song form in the United States
during the late 1940s to the 1960s.It combined Afro-American forms such
as the blues, jump blues, jazz, and gospel music with the western swing
and country music.
Disco
The 1970s saw the rise of another form of pop music known as
“disco”. Disco music pertained to rock music that was more danceable,
thus leading to the establishment of venues for public dancing also called
discos. The term originated from the French word “discotheque” which
means a library for phonograph records.
Pop Music
Parallel with the disco era, other pop music superstars continued to
emerge. Among them were Neil Sedaka (Laughter in the rain), Diana Ross
and the Supremes (Stop in the Name of Love), Olivia Newton John (Stop
in the Name of Love). Pop superstars in more recent years include solo
artist Celine Dion, Madonna, Whitney Houston, Mariah Carey, Justin
Timberlake among many others. Perhaps the most solo performer of all
time is Michael Joseph Jackson.
Hip Hop and Rap
Hip hop music is a stylized, highly rhythmic type of music that usually
(but not always) includes portions of rhythmically chanted words called ra
“rap”. In rapping, the artist speaks along with an instrumental or
synthesized beat. Hip hop arose in the 1970s within the Afro-American
and Latino youth in the Bronx area of New York City. But by the 1980s.
Alternative Music
Alternative music was an underground independent form of music
that arose in the 1980s. It became widely popular in the 1990s as a way
to defy “mainstream” rock music. It was also characterized by high energy
levels that bred new styles such as new wave, punk rock, post- punk, indie
rock, gothic rock, jangle pop, noise pop, industrial rock and shoegazing.
Philippine Popular Music
The one word that comes to mind when we think of contemporary
Philippine music is the type of commonly known as Original Pinoy Music,
Original Philippine Music or OPM for short. The term was originally
referred only to Philippine pop songs, particularly ballads such as those
popular after the fading of its predecessor, the manila sound in the late
1970s.

ACTIVITIES
ACTIVITY 1. DESCRIBE ME
Directions: Give the characteristics of the following genre of music.
Write your answer on a sheet of paper.
MUSICAL STYLE CHARACTERISTICS

1.Pop Music

2.Alternative

3.Ballads

4.Rock and roll

5.Standards

REMEMBER
Clearly, diversity of styles and forms was a major characteristic of
20th century music-as it continues today for 21st century music. The range
spans the enduring works of the classical masters to the folk, country and
western, jazz, pop, rock and roll, rap, and hip-hop music of contemporary
artists. In effect, there is something for every musical taste, interest, and
preference.
CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING
Directions: Identify the following. Write your answer on your answer
sheet.
1. Originated from the French word “discotheque” which
means a library for phonograph records.
2. The word is derived both from the medieval French
“chanson balladee” and “ballade” which refers to a dancing song.
3. Its style is mostly in a slow or moderate tempo with a relax
mood.
4. It has roots in traditional folk music and evolved rapidly in
the 1920s.
5. Also known as Original Pinoy Music.

POSTTEST
Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the letter of the
correct answer on your answer sheet.
1. Literally means music of the populace.
A. Hip hop C. Rock and Roll
B. Popular Music D. Alternative Music
2. An expressive folksong in narrative verse with text dealing typically
with love.
A. Blues C. Standards
B. Ballads D. Rock and Roll
3. Known as the King of Pop music.
A. Michael Jackson C. Ed Sheeran
B. Elvis Presley D. John Lennon
4. Music which used to denote the most popular and enduring songs
from a particular genre or style. Frank Sinatra was one of the
proponents of this style. .
A. Ballads C. Jazz
B. Disco D. Standards
5.The term originally used to refer only to Philippine pop songs,
particularly ballads in the late 1970s.
A. Folk Music C. Original Pilipino Music
B. Alternative D. Standards

References
Horizons 10 Music Appreciation for Young Filipinos
Department of Education
 MUSIC GRADE 10
Q-2 WEEK 4
MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS OF AFRICA AND LATIN
AMERICA

EXPECTATIONS
After going through this module, you are expected to explore ways
of creating sounds on a variety of sources suitable to chosen vocal and
instrumental selections.

PRETEST
Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the letter of the
correct answer on your answer sheet.
1. It is a pitched percussion instrument with bars made from logs or
bamboo.
A. Balafon C. Kora
B. Zither D. Agogo
2. What musical instrument is used to believe that these can carry direct
messages to the spirits after the death of a loved one?
A. Shekere C. Talking drum
B. Rattles D. Trumpets
3. What group of musical instruments are played by trapping or enclosing
a body or column of air and causing it to vibrate?
A. Chordophone C. Idiophone
B. Aerophone D. Membranophone
4. Which of the following does not belong to the group?
A. Musical Bow C. Whistles
B. Reed Pipes D. Trumpets
5. African people frequently used their bodies as musical instruments.
Which of the following is not included?
A. Clapping of hands C. Pounding upper arms and chest
B. Slapping of thighs D. Striking of knees
LOOKING BACK
IT’S ALL ABOUT MUSIC.
Directions: Imagine a particular performance without music. What would it
be? Write a short description on that kind of performance.
Guide questions:
1. Do you think music is very important in every stage performance? Why?

Or Why not?
2. What is the greatest role of music in every performance?

BRIEF INTRODUCTION OF THE LESSON

Musical Instruments of Africa

African music incorporates all the major instrumental genres of
western music, including strings, winds, and percussion, along with
tremendous variety of specific African musical instruments for solo or
ensemble playing.

Classification of Traditional African Instruments

A. Idiophone-these are percussion instruments that are either struck
with a mallet or against one another.
1. Balafon-West African xylophone.it is a pitch percussion
instrument with bars made from logs or bamboo.
2. Rattles-are vessel made of seashells, tin, basketry, animal hoofs,
horn, wood, metal, cocoons, or tortoise shells.
3. Agogo-a single bell or multiple bells that had its origins in
traditional Yoruba.
4. Atingting kon- are slit gongs used as communication between
villages.
5. Djembe- West African drums. Shaped like a goblet and played
with bare hands.
6. Shekere- type of gourd and shell-like megaphone from West
Africa.
B. Membranophone-are instruments usually drums, which have vibrating
animal membranes.
1. Body Percussion- African people frequently use their bodies as
musical instruments. Aside from using their voices, they also clap
their hands, slap their thighs, pound their upper arms or chest or
shuffle and stomp their feet.
2. Talking Drum-is used to send messages to announce births,
deaths, marriages, sporting events, dances, initiation or war.
C. Chordophone-are instruments which produce sounds from the
vibration of strings. These include bows, harps, lutes, zithers and lyres of
various sizes.
D. Aerophones-are musical instruments that produce sound primarily by
trapping or enclosing a body or column of air and causing it to vibrate.
1. Flutes-they are usually fashioned from a single tube closed at one
end and blown while being held whether vertically or side-blown.
2. Horns-are found almost everywhere in Africa and commonly
made from elephant tusks and animal horns.
3. Reed Pipes-made from hollow guinea corn or sorghum stems,
where the reed is a flap partially cut from the stem near or one end.
It is the vibration of this reed that causes the air within the hollow
instruments to create the sound.
4. Whistles-are found throughout the continent and may be made of
wood, or other materials.
5. Trumpets-African trumpets are made of wood, metal, animal
horns, elephant tusk and gourds, ornamented with snake or
crocodile skin or the hide of zebras, leopards and other animals.
Musical Instruments of Latin America
Materials for making indigenous musical instruments range from
hollow tree trunks, animal skins, fruit shells, dry seeds, cane, clay, and
hard wood trees, to jaguar claws, animal and human bones, and specially-
treated inflated eyes of tigers.
The indigenous music of Latin-America was largely functional in
nature, being used for religious, worship and ceremonies. The used of
instruments as well as singing and dancing served to implore the gods for
a good harvest or victory in battle, to guard against sickness and natural
disasters, and of course to provide recreation.

ACTIVITIES
ACTIVITY 1. SOUND OF MUSIC
Directions: Describe the nature and qualities of the following
categories of African musical instruments.
CATEGORY QUALITIES

1.Aerophone

2.Idiophone

3.Chordophone

4.Membranophone

REMEMBER

There are four classifications of musical instruments namely;

idiophone, chordophone, aerophone, and membranophone. Many
instruments are made from natural elements like wood, metal, animal skin
and horns.
CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING
Describe how African musical instruments are sourced from the
environment. Give at least 5 examples.

POSTTEST
Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the letter of the
correct answer on your answer sheet.
1. It is a pitched percussion instrument with bars made from logs or
bamboo.
A. Balafon C. Kora
B. Zither D. Agogo
2. What musical instrument is used to believe that these can carry direct
messages to the spirits after the death of a loved one?
A. Shekere C. Talking drum
B. Rattles D. Trumpets
3. What group of musical instruments is played by trapping or enclosing
a body or column of air and causing it to vibrate?
A. Chordophone C. Idiophone
B. Aerophone D. Membranophone
4. Which of the following does not belong to the group?
A. Musical Bow C. Whistles
B. Reed Pipes D. Trumpets
5. African people frequently used their bodies as musical instruments.
Which of the following is not included?
C. Clapping of hands C. Pounding upper arms and chest
D. Slapping of thighs D. Striking of knees
References

https://www.google.com/search?q=musical+instruments+of+africa+and+its+classific
ation&rlz=1C1CHBD_enPH913PH913&oq=musical+instruments+of+africa&aqs=chr
ome.3.69i57j0l7.10290j0j7&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8

https://www.google.com/search?rlz=1C1CHBD_enPH913PH913&ei=GjVaX_-
DDZ2Ir7wPova9mAE&q=musical+instruments+of+latin+america+and+its+classificati
on&oq=musical+instruments+of+latin+america+and+its+classification&gs_lcp
Horizons-Music and Arts Appreciation for Young Filipinos
 MUSIC GRADE 10
Q 2 - WEEK 5
MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS OF AFRICA AND
LATIN AMERICA

EXPECTATIONS
After going through this module, you are expected to explore ways
of creating sounds on a variety of sources suitable to chosen vocal and
instrumental selections.

PRETEST
Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the letter of the
correct answer on your answer sheet.
1. Which percussion instrument is made with bars made from logs or
bamboo?
A. Balafon C. Kora
B. Zither D. Agogo
2. It is an instrument believed to carry direct messages to the spirits after
the death of a loved one.
A. Shekere C. Talking drum
B. Rattle D. Trumpet
3. Which group of musical instruments are played by trapping or enclosing
a body or column of air and causing it to vibrate?
A. Chordophone C. Idiophone
B. Aerophone D. Membranophone
4. Which of the following does not belong to the group?
A. Musical Bow C. Whistle
B. Reed Pipe D. Trumpet
5. These are percussion instruments that are either struck with a mallet
or against one another.
A. Chordophone C. Idiophone
B. Aerophone D. Membranophone
LOOKING BACK
DIRECTIONS: Recall the classification of music and give 2 examples of
each.
1. : &
2. : &
3. : &
4. : &

BRIEF INTRODUCTION OF THE LESSON

Musical Instruments of Africa
African music incorporates all the major instrumental genres of
western music. These includes strings, winds, and percussion, along with
tremendous variety of specific African musical instruments for solo or
ensemble playing.

Classification of Traditional African Instruments

A. Idiophone - these are percussion instruments that are either struck
with a mallet or against one another.
1. Balafon - a pitched West African xylophone with bars made
from logs or bamboo.
2. Rattles - vessels made of seashells, tin, basketry, animal hoofs,
horn, wood, metal, cocoons, or tortoise shells.
3. Agogo - a single or multiple bells that had its origins in
traditional Yoruba.
4. Atingting kon - slit gongs used as communication between
villages.
5. Djembe - West African drums shaped like a goblet and played
with bare hands.
6. Shekere - type of gourd and shell-like megaphone from West
Africa.
B. Membranophone - are instruments usually drums, which have
vibrating animal membranes.
1. Body Percussion - African people frequently use their bodies as
musical instruments. Aside from using their voices, they also clap
their hands, slap their thighs, pound their upper arms or chest or
shuffle and stomp their feet.
2. Talking Drum - is used to send messages to announce births,
deaths, marriages, sporting events, dances, initiation or war.
C. Chordophone - are instruments which produce sounds from the
vibration of strings by plucking or through the use of bows such as
harps, lutes, zithers and lyres of various sizes.
D. Aerophones - are musical instruments that produces sound primarily
by trapping or enclosing a body or column of air causing it to vibrate.
1. Flutes - they are usually fashioned from a single tube closed at
one end and blown while being held whether vertically or side-
blown.
2. Horns - are found almost everywhere in Africa and commonly
made from elephant tusks and other animal horns.
3. Reed Pipes - made from hollow guinea corn or sorghum stems,
where the reed is a flap partially cut from the stem near or one end.
It is the vibration of this reed that causes the air within the hollow
instruments to create the sound.
4. Whistles - are found throughout the continent and may be made
of wood, or other materials.
5. Trumpets - African trumpets can be made of wood, metal, animal
horns, elephant tusk and gourds, ornamented with snake or
crocodile skin or the hide of zebras, leopards and other animals.
Musical Instruments of Latin America
Materials for making indigenous musical instruments range from
hollow tree trunks, animal skins, fruit shells, dry seeds, cane, clay, and
hard wood trees, to jaguar claws, animal and human bones, and specially-
treated inflated eyes of tigers.
The indigenous music of Latin-America was largely functional in
nature, being used for religious, worship and ceremonies. The used of
instruments as well as singing and dancing served to implore the gods for
a good harvest or victory in battle, to guard against sickness and natural
disasters, and of course to provide recreation.
ACTIVITIES
ACTIVITY 1. IMPROVISED INSTRUMENT-MAKING
Aim: Create an improvised African or Latin American musical instrument
made of recyclable materials.
Materials: leaves, twigs, scraps, plastic bottles, dried leaves, tin cans,
pebbles, etc.
Procedures:
1. In a short bond paper, draw/print the musical instrument you intend
to create;
2. Name the different parts and label the materials you are going to
use;
3. Make the improvised instrument; and
4. Name and write a short description about your instrument.

DOCUMENT YOUR WORK

1. In a short bond paper, attach 2 photos.
Photo 1- your picture while creating the instrument
Photo 2- photo of your improvised instrument
2. Criteria for rating the activity.

Materials used in the instrument 15

Functionality of the instrument (produces sound) 15

Short description about the instrument 5

Photo 1 attachment 5

Photo 2 attachment 5

Over-all appearance of the instrument 5

TOTAL /50
 REMEMBER
There are four classifications of musical instruments namely;
idiophone, chordophone, aerophone, and membranophone. Many
instruments are made from natural materials like wood, metal, animal skin
and horns. The indigenous music of Latin-America was largely functional
in nature, being used for religious rites, worship and ceremonies.

CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING

Describe how was your experience while doing your improvised
musical instrument using recyclable materials.

POSTTEST
Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the letter of the
correct answer on your answer sheet.
1. Which of the following is not a function of Latin American music?
A. provide recreation C. implore gods
B. used in religion D. used in education
2. African people frequently use their bodies as musical instruments.
Which of the following is not included?
A. Clapping of hands C. Pounding upper arms and chest
B. Slapping of thighs D. Striking of knees
3. What group of musical instruments is played by trapping or enclosing
a body or column of air and causing it to vibrate?
A. Chordophone C. Idiophone
B. Aerophone D. Membranophone
4. Which of the following does not belong to the group?
A. Musical Bow C. Whistle
B. Reed Pipe D. Trumpet
5. What musical instrument is used in sending messages to announce
births, deaths, marriages, sporting events, dances, initiations or war?
A. Shekere C. Talking drum
B. Rattle D. Trumpet
References
https://www.google.com/search?q=musical+instruments+of+africa+and+its+classific
ation&rlz=1C1CHBD_enPH913PH913&oq=musical+instruments+of+africa&aqs=chr
ome.3.69i57j0l7.10290j0j7&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8
https://www.google.com/search?rlz=1C1CHBD_enPH913PH913&ei=GjVaX_-
DDZ2Ir7wPova9mAE&q=musical+instruments+of+latin+america+and+its+classificati
on&oq=musical+instruments+of+latin+america+and+its+classification&gs_lcp
Horizons-Music and Arts Appreciation for Young Filipinos
 MUSIC GRADE 10
Q 2 - WEEK 6
POPULAR MUSIC

EXPECTATIONS
After going through this module, you are expected to perform a
selection of Afro-Latin American and popular music in appropriate pitch,
rhythm, styles and expressions.

PRETEST
Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the letter of the
correct answer on your answer sheet.
1. It is known as the music of the populace.
A. African music C. Latin music
B. Folk music D. Popular music
2. Which of the following refers to melodies and songs of the common
people?
A. African music C. Latin music
B. Folk music D. Popular music
3. Which popular music is a combination of Afro-American form and
Western swing and country music?
A. Ballad C. Folk songs
B. Disco D. Rock and Roll
4. This music pertains to rock music that was more danceable.
A. Ballad C. Folk songs
B. Disco D. Rock and Roll
5. Which popular music features highly singable melodies and
performed by the likes of Frank Sinatra, Nat King Cole and Matt
Monroe?
A. Ballad C. Standards
B. Jazz D. Rock and Roll
LOOKING BACK
Give at least 2 examples of African and Latin American musical
instruments for each classification.

1. Aerophone
2. Chordophone
3. Idiophone
4. Membranophone

BRIEF INTRODUCTION OF THE LESSON

Popular music literally means “music of the populace” ensemble

playing. Similar to the folk music of the past. Otherwise known as pop
music, generally consists of music for entertainment of large number of
people.
GENRES OF POPULAR MUSIC

1. Folk music refers to melodies and songs of common people, handed

down from one generation to the next. It deals with every kind of human
activity and it expresses the character of ethnic and social groups.

2. Country and Western music is a blend of popular musical forms

originally found in Southern United States. It features simple tunes and
accompanied by a guitar. The themes capture the romantic imagery of the
American cowboy.

3. Ballad is an expressive folksong in narrative verse with text dealing

with love usually used by poets and composers. Blues Ballads, Pop
Standard and Jazz Ballad, Pop and Rock Ballads are some of its variation.

4. Standards is used to denote the most popular and enduring songs from
particular genre or styles. It has slow or moderate tempo with relaxed
mood and singable melodies. Frank Sinatra, Nat King Cole and Matt
Monroe are the popular standards singers and performers.
5. Rock and Roll popular song in the US. It is a combination of Afro
American forms and Western swing and country music. Lead instruments
were piano and saxophone but later replaced by modern instruments.
Major proponents were Elvis Presley and The Beatles.

6. Disco music pertained to rock music that was more danceable. It has
soaring and reverberating sound style. Bee Gees, ABBA, Gloria Gaynor
are some popular superstar of the disco genre.

7. Hip-hop and Rap music is stylized high dynamic type of music that
includes portion of rhythmically chanted words called rap.

8. Alternative music was an underground independent form of music, it

is known for unconventional practices and highly characterized by high
energy level.

ACTIVITIES
Activity. Just Sing It!
1. Choose one genre of popular music, research about it and watch
music videos available on YouTube or any music video platform.
2. Sing the chorus part of your preferred song and have it recorded
(minimum of 30 seconds to 1 minute video)
3. Submit the video presentation to the teachers’ Fb messenger or e-
mail account.

Criteria for rating

Choice of song 10
Voice quality 10
Musicality (elements of music_ 5
 REMEMBER
 The diversity of the styles and forms of music is clearly visible in the
different genres of popular music; and
 There is something for every one’s taste, interest and preference.

CHECKING YOU UNDERSTANDING

In a rate of 1-5, 5 being the highest, how well can you describe
each genres of popular music? Encircle your rating.

POPULAR MUSIC RATING

1. Folk music 5 4 3 2 1
2. Country and Western music 5 4 3 2 1
3. Ballads 5 4 3 2 1
4. Standards 5 4 3 2 1
5. Rock and Roll 5 4 3 2 1
6. Disco music 5 4 3 2 1
7. Hip-hop and Rap music 5 4 3 2 1
8. Alternative music 5 4 3 2 1

5 – VERY WELL 3 – QUITE FAMILIAR 1 – NO IDEA

4 – WELL 2 – NOT REALLY FAMILIAR

POSTTEST
Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the letter of the

correct answer on your answer sheet.

1. It is known as underground independent form of music arose in 1980’s.
A. Alternative music C. Rock and Roll music
B. Hip-hop music D. Standard music
2. Which of the following genre was popularized by the likes of Bee Gees,
ABBA and Gloria Gaynor?
A. Alternative music C. Disco music
B. Ballad music D. Standard music
3. Which popular music is a combination of Afro-American form and
Western swing and country music?
A. Ballad C. Folk songs
B. Disco D. Rock and Roll
4. Elvis Presley and The Beatles are among the personalities who
popularized this genre?
A. Ballad C. Folk songs
B. Disco D. Rock and Roll
5. Which popular music features highly singable melodies and
performed by the likes of Frank Sinatra, Nat King Cole and Matt
Monroe?
A. Ballad C. Standards
B. Jazz D. Rock and Roll

References
Horizons 10
Music Appreciation for Young Filipinos
Learners Material
Department of Education
 MUSIC GRADE 10
Q 2 - WEEK 7
PHILIPPINE POPULAR MUSIC
EXPECTATIONS
After going through this module, you are expected to perform
selection of Afro-Latin American and popular music in appropriate pitch,
rhythm, styles and expressions.

PRETEST
Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the letter of the
correct answer on your answer sheet.
1. It is popularly known as the “Manila Sounds”.
A. Alternative Music C. Pop Music
B. Jazz D. Pinoy Rock
2. Which of the following is a combination of ethnic instrumentation and
electronic accompaniment?
A. Folk Alternative Music C. Pop Music
B. Jazz D. Rock and Roll
3. Which type is made popular by the likes of Parokya ni Edgar and
Eraserheads?
A. Alternative Music C. Pop Music
B. Hip-hop D. Pinoy Rock
4. This type of music becomes popular especially in dance forms.
A. Alternative Music C. Pop Music
B. Hip-hop D. Pinoy Rock
5. Which popular music uses western type melody and harmony while
expressing uniquely Filipino emotions?
A. Original Pilipino Music C. Pop Music
B. Hip-hop D. Pinoy Rock

LOOKING BACK
Name the different genres of Philippine popular music.
BRIEF INTRODUCTION OF THE LESSON

ORIGINAL PILIPINO MUSIC (OPM)

Most of the compositions made use of Western type melody and
harmony while expressing uniquely Filipino emotions in movingly poetic
lyrics. At the start, English and Tagalog are the dominant language
however, other ethnolinguistic groups began to sing and record their
songs in their native dialect. 1980’s and 1990’s regarded as the golden
era of Philippine ballads.

PHILIPPINE POP MUSIC

Pop music in the Philippines started as an adaptation or translation
if not complete imitation of Western hits. The start of “Manila Sounds” in
mid-1970’s gave rise to the songs using a colloquial language called
Taglish. Among the proponent of Manila Sounds are APO Hiking Society,
Hotdog, and VST & Co..

PHILIPPINE JAZZ MUSIC

Philippine musicians have also been inspired by jazz music. The
Katindig family pioneered Latin jazz in Manila.

PHILIPPINE FOLK ALTERNATIVE MUSIC

The new form of music combines ethnic instrumentation with
electronic accompaniment while presenting themes and issues of
Philippine society and environment. Some composers who championed
this style were Joey Ayala and Grace Nono.

PHILIPPINE ROCK MUSIC

Philippine or Pinoy rock emerged in 1973, it’s a combination of rock
beat with Filipino lyrics. It was introduced by Juan Dela Cruz Band.
Today’s Pinoy rock bands are Parokya ni Edgar, Sponge Cola and others.

PINOY RAP MUSIC

Rap music was also made popular by such composers and
performers like Francis Magalona, Andrew E and Gloc 9. Magalona was
the first Filipino rapper to cross over to the mainstream and was credited
for having pioneered the merging of rap with Pinoy rock.
 PINOY HIP-HOP
Pinoy hip-hop become popular especially in dance forms. Many
groups have joined the Hip-hop International contests which is
considered as the “olympics of hiphop”

ACTIVITIES
ACTIVITY 1. Research a song sample of each type of Philippine Popular
Music. Write the song title and the artist/performer.
1. Philippine Pop Music
2. Philippine Jazz Music
3. Philippine Folk Alternative Music
4. Philippine Rock Music
5. Philippine Rap
6. Philippine Hip-hop

REMEMBER
The different forms of Philippine contemporary music have provided
a rich and diverse musical background for its composers and performers
to draw from and build upon.

CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING

Describe the characteristics of Philippine popular music in 50 words
or more. You may use your answer sheet for this activity.
POSTTEST
Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the letter of the
correct answer on your answer sheet.
1. It is known as the golden era of Philippine ballads.
A. Original Pilipino Music C. Pop Music
B. Hip-hop D. Pinoy Rock
2. The different composers and performers who championed this style of
music are Joey Ayala and Grace Nono.
A. Alternative folk music C. Disco music
B. Ballad music D. Standard music
3. Which type is made popular by the likes of Parokya ni Edgar and
Eraserheads?
A. Alternative music C. Pop Music
B. Hip-hop D. Pinoy rock
4. It was popularized by Katindig family of musicians.
A. Alternative Music C. Pop Music
B. Jazz D. Rock and Roll
5. Which popular music uses western type of melody and harmony
while expressing uniquely Filipino emotions?
A. Original Pilipino Music C. Pop Music
B. Hip-hop D. Pinoy Rock

References

HORIZONS 10
Music and Arts Appreciation for Young Filipinos
Grade 10 Learners Material
Department of Education
 MUSIC GRADE 10
Q 2 - WEEK 8
AFRO-LATIN AMERICAN AND PHILIPPINE MUSIC

EXPECTATIONS
After going through this module, you are expected to evaluate music
and music performances using guided rubrics.

PRETEST
DIRECTIONS: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the letter of
the correct answer on your answer sheet.

1. It grew its influence from the indigenous, Spanish-Portuguese and

African culture.
A. African music C. Philippine music
B. Latin American music D. Western music
2. Which of the following is considered as an important part of the daily
life of African people?
A. food C. politics
B. music D. religion
3. Which of the following evolved to its own identity from Pre-Spanish to
the present?
A. African music C. Philippine music
B. Latin American music D. Western music
4. Which of the following is not mentioned as the use of music to African
people?
A. communication C. religion
B. entertainment D. work
5. Which popular music uses western type melody and harmony while
expressing uniquely Filipino emotions?
A. Original Pilipino Music C. Pop music
B. Hip-hop D. Pinoy rock
LOOKING BACK
Directions: Name the different genre of Philippine popular music.

BRIEF INTRODUCTION OF THE LESSON

MUSIC OF AFRICA
African music is a collective result of cultural and musical diversity of more
than 50 ethnic divisions of the continent. Music has always been important
part of the daily life of the African people whether for work, religion,
ceremonies or even communication.

MUSIC OF LATIN AMERICA

The music of Latin America is a product of three major influences—
indigenous, Spanish-Portuguese and African. It is also referred as Latin
music because of the impact on the countries colonized by Spain and
Portugal.

PHILIPPINE MUSIC
Philippine music evolved into its own distinct identity from its Pre-Spanish
roots through the Spanish and American periods up to the present. In
terms of its development, Philippine contemporary music has provided rich
and diverse musical background.

ACTIVITIES
ACTIVITY 1. MUSIC CRITIQUING
1. Critique your classmate’s performance done previously in module 6
2. Exchange video performance with a classmate.
3. Evaluate the performance of your classmate with the use of the rubric
below:
 5-
4- 3- 2- 1-NEEDS
CRITERIA VERY
GOOD FAIR POOR IMPROVEMENT
GOOD
1. How well the
performer
expresses the
song?
2. How well the
performer
pronounces the
lyrics?
3. How well the
performer
interprets the
song?
4. How well the
performer sings
based on the
elements and
styles?

4. Submit your evaluation to your teacher using the following format.

Name (classmate you are going to evaluate)
Type/Genre of music
5- 1-NEEDS
4- 3- 2- TOTAL
CRITERIA VERY IMPROVE
GOOD FAIR POOR POINTS
GOOD MENT
1. How well
the performer
expresses the
song?
2. How well
the performer
pronounces
the lyrics?
 3. How well
the performer
interprets the
song?
4. How well
the performer
sings based
on the
elements and
styles?
TOTAL /20

Remarks/Comments/Suggestions
Name of Evaluator (YOU)

REMEMBER
The different forms and genres Afro-Latin American music and
Philippine contemporary music has provided a rich and diverse musical
background for its composers and performers to draw from and build
upon.

CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING

1. Identify ways on how can you appreciate Afro Latin American
music?
2. How proud are you with our very own music?
POSTTEST
Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the letter of the
correct answer on your answer sheet.

1. It grew its influence from the indigenous, Spanish-Portuguese and

African culture.
A. African music C. Philippine music
B. Latin American music D. Western music
2. Which of the following is considered as an important part of the daily
life of African people?
A. food C. politics
B. music D. religion
3. Which of the following evolved to its own musical identity from Pre-
Spanish to the present?
A. African music C. Philippine music
B. Latin American music D. Western music
4. Which popular music uses western type melody and harmony while
expressing uniquely Filipino emotions?
A. Original Pilipino Music C. Pop music
B. Hip-hop D. Pinoy rock
5. Which of the following is not mentioned as the use of music to African
people?
A. communication C. religion
B. entertainment D. work

References
HORIZONS
Music and Arts Appreciation for Young Filipinos
Grade 10 Learners Material
Department of Education