Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 59 views

    Melvin Mughal Empire

    Uploaded by

    marvs
    The document summarizes the six major Mughal emperors who ruled India: 1) Babur, the first Mughal emperor, conquered northern India and established the Mughal dynasty. 2) Humayun expanded the empire but lost control to Sher Shah Suri and had to flee before returning to defeat him. 3) Akbar greatly expanded the empire through conquest and established an efficient administration, making the empire prosperous. 4) Jahangir expanded the empire further and was a great patron of art. 5) Shah Jahan's reign marked the golden age of the empire, with iconic buildings like the Taj Mahal constructed. 6) Aurang

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Melvin Mughal Empire

    Uploaded by

    marvs
    59 views4 pages
    The document summarizes the six major Mughal emperors who ruled India: 1) Babur, the first Mughal emperor, conquered northern India and established the Mughal dynasty. 2) Humayun expanded the empire but lost control to Sher Shah Suri and had to flee before returning to defeat him. 3) Akbar greatly expanded the empire through conquest and established an efficient administration, making the empire prosperous. 4) Jahangir expanded the empire further and was a great patron of art. 5) Shah Jahan's reign marked the golden age of the empire, with iconic buildings like the Taj Mahal constructed. 6) Aurang

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    The document summarizes the six major Mughal emperors who ruled India: 1) Babur, the first Mughal emperor, conquered northern India and established the Mughal dynasty. 2) Humayun expanded the empire but lost control to Sher Shah Suri and had to flee before returning to defeat him. 3) Akbar greatly expanded the empire through conquest and established an efficient administration, making the empire prosperous. 4) Jahangir expanded the empire further and was a great patron of art. 5) Shah Jahan's reign marked the golden age of the empire, with iconic buildings like the Taj Mahal constructed. 6) Aurang

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    59 views4 pages

    Melvin Mughal Empire

    Uploaded by

    marvs
    The document summarizes the six major Mughal emperors who ruled India: 1) Babur, the first Mughal emperor, conquered northern India and established the Mughal dynasty. 2) Humayun expanded the empire but lost control to Sher Shah Suri and had to flee before returning to defeat him. 3) Akbar greatly expanded the empire through conquest and established an efficient administration, making the empire prosperous. 4) Jahangir expanded the empire further and was a great patron of art. 5) Shah Jahan's reign marked the golden age of the empire, with iconic buildings like the Taj Mahal constructed. 6) Aurang

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 4

    “Summary of Mughal Dynasty”

     Who are the Mughals?


    Mughals – are the members of the Muslim dynasty of Turkic-Mongol origin that ruled most of
    northern India from the early 16th to the mid-18th century.

     As early as the 17th century, the term Mughal covered a large number of groups. Generally, all
    Central Asian immigrants to India.

     The Mughals were Muslims who ruled a country with a large Hindu majority.

     Mughal dynasty started when the first emperor Chagatai Turkic prince Babur invaded the
    Northern part of India.

    “Six Major Mughal Emperors of India”


    Babur
    (AD 1526-1530)
     Babur was a Muslim Emperor from Central Asia
    and the first Mughal Emperor, He was a descendent of Genghis Khan and Tamerlaine.

     In 1494, when his father died, Babur at the age of 12, became king of Fergana. (in present-day
    Uzbekistan), although he was swiftly deposed by older relatives.

     In a few decades he tries to consolidate and to control Samarkand but he loses control over
    and over again. By 1501, he was again to regain control of Samarkand but was shortly
    thereafter defeated by his most formidable enemy, Muhammad Shaybani, khan of the
    Uzbeks.

    Babur is known for defeating:

     Ibrahim Lodhi in the First Battle of Panipat


    (AD 1526)

     Rana Sanga (Sangram Singh) at battle o Khanwa (AD 1527)

     Medini Rai of Chenderi at Battle of Chanderi


    (AD 1528)

     Mahmud Lodi at Battle of Ghagra (AD 1529)


    Humayun
    (AD 1530-1556)
     Humayun is the second Mughal Emperor and was the eldest son of Babur.

     Humayun had three brothers, Kamran, Askari, and Hindal

     Before Babur died, He nominated Humayun to take His throne and fulfill His given promises.
    Also, Humayun keeps His promise to be kind to His brothers so he divided their particular
    land.

     , Humayun engage in conflict with Sher Shah Suri, the Battle of Chausa (1539 CE), this the
    brutal defeat for Humayun for almost 8000 Mughal soldiers died in this battle.

     For the second time the Battle of Kannauj (1540 CE) Humayun force to fight again with Sher
    Shah’s army but his mogul soldiers were already weak from the previous attacks they have to
    give up his kingdom and soon

    Akbar
    (AD 1556-1605)
     Akbar is the third Mughal emperor and was the son of Humayun

     He introduced a land revenue system called Todar Mal Bandobast or Zabti system

     He defeated Hemu at the Second Battle of Panipat (AD 1556) with the help of Bairam Khan

     Akbar was unstoppable in His reigning, He keeps expanding His empire to North, West, and
    East part of India.

     The Mughal Empire under Akbar is divided in 3 phases

    Akbar conquered:
     Malwa (AD 1561) after defeating Baz Bahadur followed by Garh-Katanga (ruled by Rani
    Durgawati)

     Chittor (AD 1568)

     Ranthambhor and Kalinjar (AD 1569)

     Gujarat (AD 1672)

     Mewar (AD 1576) in the Battle of Haldighati after defeating Rana Pratap

     Kashmir (AD 1586)

     Sindh (AD 1593)

     Asirgarh (AD 1603)


    Jahangir
    (AD 1605-1627)
     Jahangir was the son of Akbar and was the Fourth Emperor in Mughal Empire

     Under the rule of Jahangir, Mughal architecture became more Persian than Indian.

     He was also a patron of the sciences, and the world’s first seamless celestial globe was created
    under his reign.

     Jahangir’s important role in building a Mughal cultural identity has been neglected.
    Nevertheless, Jahangir was a great lover of art, and Mughal painting reached new heights
    under his patronage.

     He expanded the Mughal rule as far as Gujarat and Bengal.

    Shah Jahan
    (AD 1628-1658)
     Shah Jahan was the son of Jahangir and the Fifth Mughal Emperor

     Shah Jahan’s reign is considered the Golden Age of the Mughal empire

     Architecture, in general, saw the best of Mughal construction during his time. He is credited
    with constructing many beautiful monuments throughout the landscape of North India.

    One of the most significant incidents in the life of Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan was the construction of
    the Taj Mahal.

     Shah Jahan is best remembered for his architectural achievements. At his first capital, Agra, he
    undertook the building of two great mosques, the Motī Masjid (Pearl Mosque) and the Jāmiʿ
    Masjid (Great Mosque), as well as the superb mausoleum known as the Taj Mahal, in which is
    entombed his favorite wife, Mumtaz Mahal.
    Aurangzeb
    (AD 1658-1707)
     Aurangzeb was the son of Shah Jahan and the last seriously notable Mughal emperor secured
    the Mughal throne after a brutal war of succession with his brothers Dara, Shuja and Murad

     He is a strong and authoritarian ruler

     He was noted for his religious piety; he memorized the entire Quran, studied hadiths and
    stringently observed the rituals of Islam

     Aurangzeb was not as involved in architecture as his father. Under Aurangzeb's rule, the
    position of the Mughal Emperor as chief architectural patron began to diminish.

     Aurangzeb ruled for forty-nine years over a population of 150 million people. He expanded
    the Mughal Empire to its greatest extent, subsuming most of the Indian subcontinent under a
    single imperial power for the first time in human history.

     Aurangzeb was a fanatic, Sunni Musalman. His chief aim was to convert India to country of
    Islam. He was intolerant towards other faiths, especially Hindus. He was also against Shia
    Muslims.

    Aurangzeb’s religious policy had two aspects:


     (i) To promote the tenets of Islam and to ensure that the people led their lives accordingly.

     (ii) To adopt anti-Hindu measures.

    Results of the religious policy of Aurangzeb:


    The religious fanaticism of Aurangzeb overshadowed his virtues. His reversal of Akbar’s policy

    of religious toleration resulted in weakening the entire structure of the Mughal empire. It led
    to

    several conflicts and wars in different parts of the country.

    These conflicts were:

     (i) Conflict with the Jats

     (ii) Conflict with the Satnamis

     (iii) Conflict with the Sikhs

     (iv) Conflicts with the Rajput’s

     (v) Conflict with the Marathas.

    Aurangzeb Deccan policy cause the destruction of the best soldiers and undermined the Mughal
    prestige beyond repair, contributed materially to the downfall of his dynasty.

    You might also like