MAKALH BAHASA INGGRIS

KELAS X SEMESTER 2

DISUSUN OLEH:
NAMA : Baiq Elena Prita Senja
KELAS : X
JURUSAN : IPA

PONDOK PESANTREN NURUL QURAN PRAYA

T.A 2020
CHAPTER 6

A.   Thanking

 You thank others for what they give to you and you may also have to respond

 
when someone thanks you. Do you know how to do them very well?

Here are the expressions and the functions in table :

Expressions Function

 Thank you very much for your kindness. Thanking

 Thank you.
 
 That was really nice of you.
 Thanks a million for….
 I’m very grateful to you.
  I’m much obliged.

           B.    Responding to thank 

Below are other expressions :

Expressions Function

   It was the least I could do.

   Don’t mention it.

   You’re welcome Responding to thanks

   It’s no trouble at all.

   Delighted I was able to help.

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Example for Thanking and Responding to Thanks :

1.     Thanking for directions

Sample phrases (from formal to informal)

A: Thank you so much for your directions. You’ve been a tremendous help.
B: It was my pleasure.

 A: Thank you for taking the time to explain it to me. I hope it wasn’t too much of a  
bother.

B: Not at all. It was the least I could do.

 A: Thanks for all your help. I really appreciate it.

B: You’re welcome. Good luck.

 A: Thanks a million!

B: Forget it/Don’t worry about it.

2.     Thanking for invitations

Sample phrases

 A: Thank you for inviting me. Of course I’ll come.

B: Great! We’re sure to have a lot of fun.

 A: Thanks for your invitation, but I’m afraid I won’t be able to come. I’ve got an
appointment.

B: I’m sorry to hear that. We’ll certainly miss you.

3.     Thanking for gifts

Sample phrases

A: Thank you very much for the flowers. They look so beautiful. Are they from your
garden?
B: Yes. I’m glad you like them. Happy anniversary!

 A: Thanks a lot, but you really shouldn’t have.

B: Well, I just wanted to show my appreciation for your kindness.

 4.     Thanking for favors

Sample phrases
A: Thank you so much for lending me your bicycle.
B: Don’t mention it. Let me know if you need it again.

 A: Thanks for doing the washing-up.

B: It was nothing. I enjoyed helping you.

5.     Thanking for offers of help

Sample phrases

A: Can I take you to the airport?

B: Thank you. That would be great.

 A: Do you need help carrying these suitcases?

B: Thanks, but I’ll manage OK by myself.

6.     Thanking for expressions of sympathy

Sample phrases

A: I’m sorry to hear your grandmother is ill.

B: Thank you. I hope she’ll be all right.

 A: That’s too bad about your car.

B: Thanks. I think the police will find some clues.

 7.     Thanking for compliments and wishes of success

Sample phrases

A: You are such a good cook!

B: Thanks. I learned a lot from my mother.

 A: Good luck with your exams!

B: Thanks. I’ll need it! 

C.    Narrative Text

A narrative text is a text that entertains and instructs the readers. It entertains because it
deals with the unusual and unexpected development of events. It instructs because it
teaches readers that problems should be confronted, and attempts made to resolve them.

1. Generic Structure:

 Orientation: berisi pengenalan tokoh, tempat dan waktu terjadinya cerita (siapa

atau apa, kapan dan dimana)
 Complication: Berisi puncak konflik/masalah dalam cerita. Sebuah cerita boleh
memiliki complication lebih dari satu.
 Resolution: Pemecahan masalah. Bisa berakhir dengan kegembiraan (happy
ending) bisa pula berakhir dengan kesedihan (sad ending).

  Catatan:

Terkadang juga susunannya (generic structure): Orientation, Complication, Evaluation,

Resolution dan Reorientation. Untuk “Evaluation” dan “Reorientation” merupakan
optional; bias ada bias tidak. Evaluation berisi penilaian/evaluasi terhadap jalannya
cerita atau konflik. Sedangkan Reorientation berisi penyimpulan isi akhir cerita.

  2. Grammatical features menggunakan tenses “past”

3. Sering menggunakan kata penghubung waktu (temporal conjunction),

misalnya: once upon a time, one day, long time ago, …
Narrative Text adalah teks yang isinya merupakan cerita atau kisah tentang
sesuatu. Contoh narrative text: cerita rakyat (folktale), cerita binatang (fable),
Legenda (legend), cerita pendek (short story), dan sejenisnya. Di dalamnya
terdapat konflik/puncak masalah yang diikuti dengan penyelesaian. Fungsi utama
teksini adalah untuk berkisah atau menghibur pembaca.

  Example for Narrative text :

 The Story of Smart Monkey and Dull Crocodile

      One day there was a monkey. He wanted to cross a river. There he saw a crocodile
so he asked the crocodile to take him across the other side of the river. The crocodile
agree and told the monkey to jump on its back. Then the crocodile swam down the
river with the monkey on his top.

Unluckily, the crocodile was very hungry, he stopped in the middle of the river and said
to the monkey, “My father is very sick. He has to eat the heart of the monkey. So he will
be healthy again.”

 At the time, the monkey was in dangerous situation and he had to think hard. Then he
had a good idea. He told the crocodile to swim back to the river bank. “What’s for?”
asked the crocodile. “Because I don’t bring my heart,” said the monkey. “I left it under
a tree, near some coconuts in the river bank.”

The crocodile agreed and turned around. He swam back to the bank of the river. As
soon as they reached the river bank, the monkey jumped off the crocodile’s back. Then
he climbed up to the top of a tree.“Where is your heart?” asked the crocodile. “You are
foolish,” said the monkey to the crocodile. “Now I am free and I have my heart.”

CHAPTER 7

1.    Complimenting Someone

Compliment is an expression that we show or say to express or give praise. Some

people use compliments to “butter up” somebody or to flatter in order to increase
good will, for example:

   on his/her general appearance.

  if you notice something new about the person’s appearance.
 when you visit someone’s house for the first time.
   when other people do their best.
 

Complimenting someone Responding

o   I would like compliment you on … o   Thank you. It’s nice of you to say so.

o   I think your ……. is very nice. o   Thank you but really isn’t anything
special.
o   I just love your ……
o   Thank you. Yours is even nicer.
o   The …… is very delicious.
o   I’m glad you like it.
o   I really like your …….
o   Thank you.
o   You look fabulous!
o   Thank you so much.
o   Fantastic!/Marvelous!
o   Yeah, thanks.
o   That’s nice.

o   That’s not bad.

o   Perfect!

o   Pretty good.

 Example of dialog complimenting :

Sarah     : Jasmine, This is dress for you. I made it   by  myself .

Jasmine : That’s a beautiful dress! You are really a talented tailor.

Sarah     : I’m glad you like it.

 2.   Congratulations.
Congratulating Responding

 I’d be the first to congratulate you on…  

 I’d like to congratulate you on …
 It’s very good of you to say so.
 Please accept my warmest
 How nice of you to say so.
congratulations.
 Thank you very much for
 May I congratulate you on …
saying so.
 I must congratulate you.
 I’m glad you think so.
 It was great to hear about
 Oh, it’s nothing special
 Congratulations.
actually.
 Congratulations on …
 Oh, I have a lot to learn yet.
 Well done
 Thank you.
 Nice done, congratulations!
 Oh, not really.
 Good.
 Oh, nothing to it, actually.
 Fantastic!
 Oh, thanks.

Example of dialog congratulating :

Danu : Rizal, how is your library so far?

Rizal : It’s great! Many people come to my library.

Danu : congratulations! Your library is the  most popular   one now.

Rizal : Thank you, Danu.

 3. Descriptive Text

   Bringing Words to Life

 Descriptive writing creates an impression in the reader’s mind of an event, a
place, a person, or thing. The writing will be such that it will set a mood or
describe something in such detail that if the reader saw it, they would recognize
it. Descriptive writing will bring words to life and makes the text interesting. 

 To describe a person’s physical appearance, you can use the following

words.

Physical Appearances

Height Body Age Hair Face Eyes

tall slim young long round big

short thin old short oval round

plump teenager bald square blue

fat in 20s, 30s, straight wrinkles brown

skinny 40s curly pale green

muscular wavy bearded slanting

black shaved

red

brown

 
  To describe a person’s characters (qualities & habitual behaviour), you can
use the followingwords.

Character   Characters

careful careless active

intelligent stupid cheerful

shy determined
confi dent
  energetic

friendly
introvert
Extrovert
humble
 

humorous
generous stingy

sensitive
diligent lazy

stubborn
   

Example for Descriptive Text :

My Friend’s New Shoes

        I have a close Friend. She is beautiful, attractive and trendy. She always want to be
a trend setter of the day. She always pays much attention on her appearance. Recently,
she bought a new stylist foot legs from blowfish shoes products. This shoes really
matches on her. 

       Her new blowfish women’s shoes are wonderful. When she are walking on that
shoes, all her friends, including me watch and admire that she has the most suitable
shoes on her physical appearance. The style, bright color, and brand represent her as a
smart woman of the day. She really have perfect appearance. She is really mad on that
shoes. She said that the products covered all genders. The blowfish men’s shoes are as
elegant as she has. The products provide varieties of choice. Ballet, casual, boot athletic
shoes are designed in attractive way. The products are international trader mark and
become the hottest trend.

CHAPTER 8

1.    Saying You Are Excited

Here are some other expressions.

 Really? That’s wonderful.

 I find it very interesting
 Fantastic!
 That’s terrific!
 (How) exciting!
  I’m very enthusiastic!
 I cannot deny my enthusiasm for …

 2.    Advertisement

Iklan atau dalam bahasa Inggrisnya disebut Advertisement merupakan sebuah sarana
promosi tentang suatu produk/barang/jasa atau apapun yang ingin anda promosikan. 

1. Iklan dalam bentuk apapun harusnya bias menarik, unik, padat dan yang
terpenting memuat semua pesan yang ingin disampaikan.
2. Iklan yang baik seharusnya menggunakan kata-kata yang baku dan sesuai
dengan target nya, contohnya Mengiklankan suatu produk Indonesia dengan
target pasar Indonesia tapi menggunakan bahasa inggris. Yah seharusnya
relevanlah dengan target pasarnya, sehingga mereka mengerti apa yang anda
iklan kan.

Example :
 

 OPPORTUNITY
A big western restaurant in Kuta is looking for waitresses and waiters with the
  requirements of good looking, polite, and communicative. Good in English is a plus!
Send your application letter, CV and recent photograph to Rainbow Resto, JL. Kuta
Barat No 5 Kuta, not later than 28th April 2012

CHAPTER 9

 1.     Expressing Disbelief

Expression disbelief is expression to not believe something or someone with reason

or unreason.

 Example :

Asking if you believe it or not.

– Do you believe it?
– Wouldn’t you believe it?
– Can you imagine that?
– You don’t believe it, do you?
– Don’t you think it’s odd that….?

 Expressing disbelief:

– I don’t believe it.

– It can’t be true.
– I can’t think of it.
– I don’t trust you.

 Responding to believe or not :

– No, I don’t believe it.

– Are you serious?
– Are you joking?
– Are you kidding?
– You must be joking/kidding!
– Oh, no! that’s not true!
– You don’t say!

– Seeing is believing.
–Really? That sounds interesting.
–Really? It’s surprising that.
– Good heavens
–My goodness!
– This is really a surprise!

 Example conversation of expression surprise:

Nopli : Whose motorbike is that?

Dios : It’s Norman’s.
Nopli : Are you kidding me?
Dios : No, I’m not. I saw her riding that motorbike this morning.
Nopli : What a surprise!

2.     Expressing Surprise

Expression surprise is expression which someone when get a surprise.

Surprise can have valence. It can be neutral expression, pleasant or accordingly
some would not categories surprise in itself as an emotion or every human. 

Expressing surprise:
Here are some other expressions to show surprise.
Telling surprising news :

– Guess what!
– Surprise!
– I’ve got news, for you
– Do you know what?
– You won’t believe it!

 Expressing surprise :
– Wow! What a surprise!
– That’s a surprise!
– That’s very surprising!
–Really?
– What?
– Are you serious? You must be joking!
– You’re kidding!
– Fancy that!
– I must say it surprises me.
– I find it hard to believe

Responding:

– Yeah!
– It is!
– Yup!
– Sure.
– It’s true.
– I’m serious.
– No, I’m not.
– It is.
– Does it?
– It is, isn’t it?

3.    News Item Text

News item is a type of the text that has the main function or communicative purpose to
inform readers of listeners or viewer about events of the day that are considered
newsworthy or important. The generic structure of news item has elements as follows.

 Headline/ title: the main point to report in reduced clause.

 Ø  Summary of event: the summary of main event that is to be reported.

 Ø  Background of event: the explanation about what had happened (who, what, when,
where).
 Ø  Source: someone’s about the event.

 A)   Example 1, News Item Text: 

 Air Force still Investigating Cause of Plane Crash

                  The Air Force is still investigating the cause of last Thursday’s military

plane crash on Mount Salak, Bogor, an officials say. “I cannot reveal any preliminary
suspicions on the crash because we are still waiting for result of the investigating,” Air
Force spokesmanChaerudin Ray said here Sunday.

                  He said he was sure that human error was not the cause of the Casa 212’s
crash because the Captain’s Pilot, Maj. BendotArjiyanto, was both an experienced pilot
and an instructor.

                 Chaerudin said no Casa planes belonging to the Air Force, including the 1984
Casa light transport airplane, carried a black box.

“We only rely on the tape recorder and a record from the Jakarta air traffic control,” he
said.

CHAPTER 10

Inviting, Accepting & Declining Invitation

Inviting:

 Would you like to ….

 Could you come to…
 I’d very much like
 Would you care to ….
 I’ll really happy if you come to….
 I’m sure that you won’t be disappointed to come to….

Accepting an Invitation

 Thank you for inviting me.

  I would/will ….
 That would be very nice.
 I’d like to love to come.
 That’s fine.
 Sure. Why not?

Declining an Invitation

 I’m very sorry, I don’t think I can.

 I’d like to, but ….
 Thank you for asking me, but ….
 Unfortunately, I can’t ….

 Dialog Examples:

 Dialog 1

Ludi Invites Maya to go to a Movie

Ludi  :  Hi, Maya. There will be a great film tonight. It’s about vampire.

Would you like to go to the movie with me?

Maya  : Yes, I’d like tonvery much. When will you pick me up?

Ludi   :  I’ll pick you at 7.00. Be ready, OK!

Maya   : Alright.

Offering, accepting, and refusing

Offering help :

Useful phrases

· Can I help you?
· May I help you?

· If you like, I/we could…….

· Could I help you?

· Do you need my help?

· Could I be of any help?

· Should I help you?

· May I be of any assistance?

· Would you like me/us to help you?

· Will you be happy to receive my help?

· Would you like me helping you?

· What can I do for you?

· Is there anything that I can do for you?

· I’ll do it for you.

· It’s my pleasure to help you.

Example Dialogue :

Villager: May I help you?

Traveler: Yes sir. I am new to this place.

Villager: What can I do for you?

Traveler: I would like to meet the president. May I know his residence?

Villager: Walk straight an turn right. You will see a big bungalow and that is the place.

Traveler: Very kind of you.

Offering help-Accepting it-Declining it

ACCEPTING AN OFFER OF HELP

· I’d be delighted (if)…..

· You are most kind.

· I am happy about….

· That’s very kind of you.

· It’s very nice of you.

· If it’s no trouble for you.

· I surprised to…

· If you don’t mind.

· Thank you.

DECLINING AN OFFER OF HELP

· No, please don’t bother.

· Sorry, thanks for your help.

· No, I can manage. Thank you.

· No, thank you.

· Thanks a lot, but….

· No thanks.

· Sorry, thank you.

· No, don’t worry (about….)

· I’m very grateful to you for your offer….But….

Example Dialogue :

Pedestrian: Shall I carry the bag for you?

Blind Man: It’s very nice of you. Thank you.

Pedestrian: It’s my pleasure. Can I hold your hand to help you cross the road?

Blind Man: Of course. Thank you.

Pedestrian: Should I help you to climb the bus?

Blind Man: No thanks, I can manage.