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Science
Quarter 2 - Module 2:
Physical Properties of the
Different Types of
Compounds
(Ionic or Covalent)
Science – Grade 9
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 2 – Module 2 Types of Compounds (Ionic or Covalent):
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writers: MARGIE B. ENANORIA AND MERLINDA C. PALIOTA
Editor: MARIFE A. DE GRACIA
Reviewer: MERIAM T. ABADILLA
Grammarian: ANGIE D. CORDOVA
Layout Artist: CARLA KONG
Subject Area Supervisor: MERIAM T. ABADILLA
Management Team: RONALD G. GUTAY,
ALLAN B. MATIN-AW,
MARY JANE J. POWAO,
AQUILO A. RENTILLOSA,
CRISTINA T. REMOCALDO
ADM Coordinator: RYAN B. REDOBLADO

Printed in the Philippines by ________________________

Department of Education – Region VII Central Visayas

Office Address: Department of Education – Carcar City Division
(Learning Resources Management Section)
P. Nellas St., Poblacion III, Carcar City, Cebu
Telefax: (032) 487-8495
E-mail Address: [email protected]
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Science
Quarter 2 – Module 1:
Physical Properties of the
Different Types of
Compounds
(Ionic or Covalent)

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Introductory Message
For the Facilitator:

Welcome to Science 9 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Physical

Properties of the Different Types of Compounds!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators

both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in
helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while
overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their
needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies
that will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage
their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

For the learner:

Welcome to Science 9 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Physical

Properties of the Different Types of Compounds!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for
guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to
process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.

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This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

This will give you an idea of the skills or

What I Need to Know competencies you are expected to learn in
the module.
This part includes an activity that aims to
What I Know check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.
This is a brief drill or review to help you link
What’s In the current lesson with the previous one.
In this portion, the new lesson will be
What’s New introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.
This section provides a brief discussion of the
What is It lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.
This comprises activities for independent
What’s More practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the answers
to the exercises using the Answer Key at the
end of the module.
This includes questions or blank
What I Have Learned sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process
what you learned from the lesson.
This section provides an activity which will
What I Can Do help you transfer your new knowledge or skill
into real life situations or concerns.
This is a task which aims to evaluate your
Assessment level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.
In this portion, another activity will be given to
Additional Activities you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the
lesson learned. This also tends retention of
learned concepts.
This contains answers to all activities in the
Answer Key module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.

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 2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.

If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not
alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and
gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master
the nature of the Types of Compounds. The scope of this module permits it to be
used in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse
vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard
sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to
correspond with the textbook you are now using.

The module is divided into three lessons, namely:

• Lesson 1- Types of Compounds
• Lesson 2- Characteristics of Ionic and Covalent Compounds
• Lesson 3- Physical Properties of Ionic and Covalent Compounds

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. name the types of compounds;
2. describe each type of compound; and
3. recognize different types of compounds (ionic and covalent) based on their
properties such as melting point, hardness, polarity, and electrical and
thermal conductivity.

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 What I Know

Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Use separate sheet of
paper.

1. Covalent compounds, like water, can conduct electricity as they share

electrons freely with other atom.
a. TRUE b. FALSE
2. Most non-metals exist as solids at room temperature
a. TRUE b. FALSE
3. Ionic compounds can never conduct electricity
a. TRUE b. FALSE
4. Can an ionic compound conduct electricity in the solid state?
a. YES b. NO
5. An ionic compound is always between
a. two or more metals
b. metals and non-metals
6. It does not normally conduct electricity.
a. ionic b. covalent
7. High melting and boiling points
a. ionic b. covalent
8. Low melting and boiling points
a. ionic b. covalent
9. Hard and brittle
a. ionic b. covalent
10. Relatively soft
a. ionic b. covalent

LESSON Types of Compounds and

Their Physical Properties

How do you know if a compound is ionic or covalent by just looking at the

sample? This is where the properties of ionic and covalent compounds can be useful.
Because there are exceptions, you need to look at several properties to determine
whether the sample is ionic or covalent.

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 What’s In

What are the two characteristics of the elements in the periodic table?

LEGEND: metal nonmetal noble gas

1 18

H He
2 13 14 15 16 17

Li Be B C N O F Ne

Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar

K Ca Ga Ge As Se Br Kr

Rb Sr In Sn Sb Te I Xe

Cs Ba Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn

Figure1. Periodic Table of the Representative Family/Group

There are two characteristics of elements in the periodic table namely: metal and
non-metal. Considering the elements that exhibit both metallic and non-metallic
characteristics there exist the third group, the semi- metals. The noble gases are the
most stable atoms of the non-metallic group. The combinations of atoms make up the
compounds.
Compounds may be ionic or covalent depending on the type of bond that exists
between the atoms which resulted from the complete transfer of electron/s or by
sharing of electron/s . An ionic compound is a combination of a metallic element like
sodium (Na), and a non-metallic element like chlorine (Cl) having an electronegativity
difference of 2.1. The resulting ionic compound is sodium chloride, NaCl 2 which is
commonly known as table salt. A Covalent compound, however, is a combination of
two non-metallic elements like hydrogen (H), and oxygen, (O) which has an
electronegativity difference of 1.2. Thus the resulting covalent compound is water,
H2O.

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 IONIC COMPOUND COVALENT COMPOUND

• Nonmetal + Nonmetal
• Metal + Nonmetal

• Involves sharing of
• Involves a complete transfer of
electron/s
electron/s
• Electronegativity difference
• Electronegativity difference is
is equal to
greater than 1.9
0.4 or less for nonpolar
and less than 1.9 and
more than 0.4 for polar

What’s New

What are compounds? What are the types of compounds formed by the atoms
when they tend to attain stability?

Substances have different properties and uses depending on the type of chemical
bonds that exist in them. For instance, substances with covalent bonds are generally
poor conductors of heat and electricity, both in their liquid and solid states. Thus, they
are useful as heat or electrical insulators. Substances with ionic bonds on the other
hand, have relatively higher boiling and melting points than the covalent-bonded
substances. Moreover, they are good conductors of electricity only in their liquid
state. This property makes ionic substances good electrolytes in electrolysis.
Substances with metallic bonds are good conductors of heat and electricity due to
the free movements of electrons in them. These properties make them useful in the
construction and telecommunication industries.

The following is a table that summarizes the properties and uses of ionic, covalent,
and metallic bonds.

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 Table 1
Type of Bond Description Typical Uses
Properties
1. Ionic •Ions that are •higher boiling and •In electrolysis,
bonded together melting points ionic
by attractive force •brittle crystal substances can
between them. structure be used as
Ex. NaCl, CsCl, •poor conductors electrolytes to
CaF2 in solid phase conduct
•good conductors electricity.
in liquid state
•soluble in polar
substances

2. Covalent •Molecules which •very soft structure •In the

a. nonpolar contain identical •weak production of
polar covalent intermolecular polymers
bonds distributed forces (synthetic
symmetrically in •have high rubbers and
space. volatilities plastics), these
Ex. CCl4, CH4, CO2 •have low boiling nonpolar
•Molecules having points substances are
nonpolar bonds •are highly inert and
nonconductors of unbreakable
electricity in solid and are, thus,
and liquid phases very useful.
They can also
be used as
insulators
against heat
and electricity
since they are
poor
conductors.
Some of these
substances are
used in
combustion.
b. polar •molecules in •stronger In industries,
which the positive intermolecular these polar
and negative forces substances are
charges are not •have lower good solvents
distributed volatilities for chemicals
symmetrically in •have higher such as paints,
space. Ex. NH3, boiling and melting thinners,
H2SO4, HNO3, H2O points bleach, etc.
•are good solvents
for other polar
substances but not
for nonpolar
substances

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Compounds formed by the different bonds that have different properties, which
determine the usefulness of these compounds and their interactions with nature.
Directions:
Complete the Venn diagram. Use the phrases below and write your answers on your
paper.

•High melting points •Good conductors at liquid state

• Crystalline •Non conductors of electricity

•Low melting points •Non soluble unless polar

•Mostly liquids and solids •Chemical bonds

•Mostly soluble

Ionic Covalent

What is It

KEY CONCEPTS:

Atoms form bonds with one another to become stable and attain the electronic
configuration of the noble gas nearest it.

An ionic bond involves complete transfer of electrons thus ions are formed. It
involves metals with low electronegativity and non-metals with high electronegativity.

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Ionic compounds are formed by ionic bonds.

Ionic compounds conduct electricity when in solution but not in solid phase.

Ionic compounds are generally soluble in water and in polar solvents.

A combination of a metal and a nonmetal with electronegativity difference greater

than 1.9 forms an ionic compound.

A covalent bond involves the sharing of electrons that result in the formation of
covalent compound whose representative particle is a molecule. As a whole, a
molecule does not carry a charge.

Covalent compounds are formed by covalent bonds.

Covalent bonds may be polar or nonpolar.

Two identical non-metallic atoms always form nonpolar covalent compound such as
N2, O2, H2, F2 and other diatomic molecules having electronegativity difference equal
to 0.4 or less.

Non-identical atoms with electronegativity difference higher than 0.4 and lower that
1.9 produce polar covalent bond.

What’s More

Directions: Copy the table on your answer sheet and fill it out to recognize the
properties of ionic and covalent compounds given below.
Compounds Reaction to Electrical Solubility in Type of Bond
Heat (melted Conductivity water
easily/did not (soluble/not
(Yes/No)
melt) soluble)
Salt
Vetsin
Wax
Sugar

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Questions:
1. What type of compound?
a. dissolves easily in water
b. Conducts electricity in solution
c. melts easily
2. Explain on why salt and vetsin can conduct electricity when dissolved in
water?

What I Have Learned

Fill in the blanks with the correct answer.

1. A complete transfer of electron/s from one atom to another atom results to

a/an _______________ compound.
2. The shared electrons between atoms results to the formation of a/an
__________ compound.
3. An ionic compound exhibits _________ melting and boiling points.
4. A covalent compound has _________melting and boiling points.
5. The bonding of atoms leads to the formation of __________.

What I Can Do

In 2-3 sentences, state the importance of ionic and covalent compounds as far as
their uses are concerned.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

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 Assessment

Multiple Choice: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.
1. Which of the following is TRUE about ionic compounds?
a. They have low melting and boiling points.
b. They can conduct electricity in the solid state.
c. They are stronger than covalent bonds.
2. Ionic compounds are usually formed from _____________.
a. two nonmetals
b. two metals
c. a metal and a nonmetal
3. Which of the following is NOT TRUE about covalent compounds?
a. They have low melting and boiling points.
b. They are formed from 2 nonmetals
c. They can conduct electricity when dissolved in water.
4. Low melting point and low solubility in water are general properties of
__________ compounds
a. ionic c. chemical
b. covalent
5. Which of the following is a characteristic property of ionic compounds?
a. They form hard, brittle crystals with characteristic shapes
b. They have low melting points
c. They have low boiling point

True or False: Write TRUE if the statement is true and FALSE if the statement is
false.
6. Ionic compounds are usually liquids at room temperature
7. Covalent compound is formed from the sharing of electrons
8. Ionic compounds are relatively soft
9. Elements combine to form compounds
10. The nonmetals are on the left side of the “staircase”.

Additional Activities

Study on how ions are formed.

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What’s More
Compound Reaction to Electrical Solubility Type of
Heat Conductivity in Water Bond
(melted/not (YES/NO) (soluble/
melted) not
soluble)
salt not melted no soluble ionic
vetsin not melted no soluble ionic
wax melted no not covalent
soluble
sugar not melted no soluble covalent
1. ionic
2. ionic
3. ionic
What I Know
1. False
Assessment 2. True
1. C 6. False 3. False
2. C 7. True 4. No
3. C 8. False 5. Metals and
4. B 9. True nonmetals
5. A 10. False 6. Covalent
7. Ionic
8. Covalent
What I have Learned 9. Ionic
1. Ionic 10.Covalent
2. Covalent
3. High
4. Low
5. Compounds
Answer Key
References

 Science 9 Learner’s Material; G9 Material Development; and Chemistry

for the New Millenium, quizizz.com

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Carcar City Division (Learning Resources

Management Section)

P. Nellas St., Poblacion III, Carcar City , Cebu, Philippines 6019

Tel. No. 4878495

Email Address : [email protected]

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