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    Chapter 2 19th Century Philippines As Rizals Context

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    Mixx Mine
    The 19th century Philippines saw major economic, social, and political changes that affected society. Economically, the galleon trade ended and ports opened to world trade, leading to the rise of an export crop economy. Socially, education systems were established but remained stratified. The Chinese and mestizos rose economically. Politically, liberalism and democracy gradually spread in Europe and the Bourbon reforms recentralized Spanish control over its colonies like the Philippines, though the 1812 Cadiz constitution established rights and representation. These changes formed the context for Rizal and the ilustrado calls for reform.

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    Chapter 2 19th Century Philippines As Rizals Context

    Uploaded by

    Mixx Mine
    221 views24 pages
    The 19th century Philippines saw major economic, social, and political changes that affected society. Economically, the galleon trade ended and ports opened to world trade, leading to the rise of an export crop economy. Socially, education systems were established but remained stratified. The Chinese and mestizos rose economically. Politically, liberalism and democracy gradually spread in Europe and the Bourbon reforms recentralized Spanish control over its colonies like the Philippines, though the 1812 Cadiz constitution established rights and representation. These changes formed the context for Rizal and the ilustrado calls for reform.

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    Chapter 2 19th Century Philippines as Rizals Context

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    The 19th century Philippines saw major economic, social, and political changes that affected society. Economically, the galleon trade ended and ports opened to world trade, leading to the rise of an export crop economy. Socially, education systems were established but remained stratified. The Chinese and mestizos rose economically. Politically, liberalism and democracy gradually spread in Europe and the Bourbon reforms recentralized Spanish control over its colonies like the Philippines, though the 1812 Cadiz constitution established rights and representation. These changes formed the context for Rizal and the ilustrado calls for reform.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    221 views24 pages

    Chapter 2 19th Century Philippines As Rizals Context

    Uploaded by

    Mixx Mine
    The 19th century Philippines saw major economic, social, and political changes that affected society. Economically, the galleon trade ended and ports opened to world trade, leading to the rise of an export crop economy. Socially, education systems were established but remained stratified. The Chinese and mestizos rose economically. Politically, liberalism and democracy gradually spread in Europe and the Bourbon reforms recentralized Spanish control over its colonies like the Philippines, though the 1812 Cadiz constitution established rights and representation. These changes formed the context for Rizal and the ilustrado calls for reform.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 24

    19th Century

    Philippines As
    Rizal’s Context

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    ❑ PHILIPPINE ERA WAS THE ERA OF
    CHALLENGES AND RESPONSES.
    ❑ IT IS THE PERIOD OF MAJOR
    CHANGES THAT AFFECT MAN AND
    SOCIETY.
    ❑ AGE OF ENLIGHTENMENT

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    ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
    ❑ End of Galleon Trade
    ❑ Opening of Suez Canal
    ❑ Opening of Ports to World Trade
    ❑ The Rise of the Export Crop Economy

    SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT

    19TH CENTURY ❑ The Education System


    ❑ The Chinese and Chinese Mestizos in
    the Philippines
    PHILIPPINES AS RIZAL’S ❑ The Rise of the Inquilinos
    (Hacienderos)
    CONTEXT POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT
    ❑ Rise and Gradual Spread of Liberalism
    and Democracy
    ❑ Impact of the Bourbon Reforms
    ❑ Cadiz Constitution of 1812
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    ECONOMIC
    DEVELOPMENT

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    GALLEON TRADE

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    OPENING OF SUEZ CANAL

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    OPENING OF SUEZ CANAL

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    OPENING OF PORTS TO WORLD TRADE

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    THE RISE OF THE EXPORT CROP ECONOMY

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    THE RISE OF THE MONOPOLIES

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    social
    DEVELOPMENT

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    The Education System
    ❖King Philip II mandated the government in the
    Philippines to educate the teach the natives how
    to read and write the Spanish Language.
    ❖First formal schools established are parochial
    schools by the roman catholic ( Jesuits,
    Franciscans, Augustians and Dominicans)
    ❖Reading, writing, arithmetic, voational and practical
    art subject including religious doctrines were
    taught
    ❖Strict discipline, corporal punishment were applied

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    The Education System
    ❖ Colleges (equivalent of our high schools today) were then
    opened as boys and girls study separately
    ❖ Subjects were History, Latin, Geography, Mathematics and
    Philosophy
    ❖ During the 17th century universities were opened for Spanish
    citizens and Spanish Mestizos
    ❖ In the 19th century this school were then opened for Filipino
    natives and the center of the curriculum is on religion not on
    science and mathematics
    ❖ in 1863, a Royal decree instituted the established of a public
    school system in the Philippines to accommodate more students
    form the different social stratification like Spanish Citizens,
    mestizos and Filipino natives.
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    The Education System
    ❖ this public schools only accommodated the sons of
    wealhty Filipino natives
    ❖growing numbers of educated Filipino natives give
    birth to a new social class called as ilustrados
    ❖ still they suffer from racial discrimtion coming
    from the Spanish citizens
    ❖ with the opening of the Suez Canal this
    illustrados were attracted to seek for higher
    education in Europe
    ❖ Nationalism bloomed in the liberal atmosphere

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    1896- ESCUELA NORMAL SUPERIOR DE MAESTROS DE MANILA

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    Social Stratification

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    The Chinese and Chinese Mestizos
    in the Philippines
    ❑ The development of commercial agriculture in the
    archipelago resulted- in the presence of a new class
    ❑ Landholding of the church and the rice estates of the pre-
    Spanish nobility emerged haciendas of sugar, coffee and
    hemp were owned by enterprising Chinese- Filipino mestizos
    ❑ Non- existent in earlier centuries (Spanish and Chinese
    mestizos) ascended to a position of power in the Philippine
    society and in due course became leaders in education and
    finance

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    The Rise of the Inquilinos (Hacienderos)

    ❖ Inquilino is the same as tenancy which gives the right to the inquilino or the
    tenant to use the land fpr farming or production in exchange for rent.
    ❖ The Hacienda structure consisted of Tree Strata: The Estate Owner, The
    leaseholder or inquilino and the tenant-sharecropper

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    Political
    DEVELOPMENT

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    RISE AND GRADUAL SPREAD OF LIBERALISM AND DEMOCRACY
    ❑ American Revolution and then achieved in part in the French Revolution. This political
    and social philosophy challenged conservatism in the European continent.
    ❑ Liberalism demanded representative government as opposed to autocratic monarchy,
    equality before the law as opposed to legally separate classes. The idea of liberty also
    meant to specific individual freedoms: freedom of the press; freedom of speech,
    freedom of assembly; and freedom from arbitrary arrest.
    ❑ Democracy became a way of life in many European countries, like Britain, Belgium, and
    Switzerland.
    ❑ Democracy was gradually established thru the following means: promulgation of laws
    that advance democracy; undertaking of reforms thru legislation; abolition of slavery;
    adoption of a liberal constitution; providing the citizens the opportunity to propose
    laws; adoption of manhood suffrage; and granting of political, economic and social
    rights to the people.
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    Impact of the Bourbon Reforms
    ❑ The Bourbon Reforms (Castilian: Reformas
    Borbonicas) were a set of economic and political
    legislation promulgated by the Spanish Crown under
    various kings of the House of Bourbon, mainly in
    the 18th century. The strengthening of the crown's
    power with clear lines of authority to officials
    contrasted to the complex system of government
    that evolved under the Habsburg monarchs.
    ❑ The Bourbon Reforms were intended to limit the
    power of Creoles and re-establish Spanish
    supremacy over the colonies such as the Philippines.

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    CADIZ CONSTITUTION OF 1812
    ▪ A Spanish constitution adopted by the constituent Cortes in Cadiz
    on Mar. 18, 1812, and made public on Mar. 19, 1812, during the
    Spanish Revolution of 1808-14.

    ▪ It was declared invalid by King Fernando VII and


    restored "Absolutism“
    ▪ The constitution declared that "sovereignty resides
    in the nation, which retains the exclusive right to
    establish its own fundamental laws" (art. 3).
    ▪ It establish:
    ▪ universal male suffrage
    ▪ constitutional monarchy
    ▪ freedom of press, land reform and free enterprise
    ▪ allowing colonies to have representatives in
    Spanish Cortes
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    THANK YOU !

    Dane Rochelle D. Nalicat


    Instructor

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