RIZAL:EDUCATION IN THE UNIVERSITY

OF STO. TOMAS
Presented By:
MR. SYCHEM RETES MANLUCOT
BSED-SOCIAL STUDIES
History 41 (Rizal)
I: Pursuing a Higher Degree of Education

• Upon the achievements of Rizal in

Ateneo he wanted to pursue another
degree.

• Thus this idea was highly opposed by

his Mother Dońa Teodora…..
Teodora’s Opposition…
• She did not want Rizal to be more knowledgeable for
the Spanish will cut –off his head.

• Another reason that because of the 1872 incident.

(GomBurZa Execution )
• Wanted Rizal to go home and have a business
Instead….
• Teodora blamed the Filipino Intellectuals of
their mental capacity as a way of
challenging the Spaniards
 II- ENTRANCE TO U.S.T
A short background of UST:

• The pontifical and Royal Univ. of Sto. Tomas

 The Catholic Univ. of the Philippines

• Founded on April 28,1611-

Archbishop Miguel de Benavides
As Rizal enter the University…
• He took up Philosophy and Letters (1877-16years old)
 Cosmology, Metaphysics, Theodicy, Hist. of Philo.

• Taking the course primarily because of his father’s

choice. Jose was inclined towards the art
• He seek guidance from Ateneo of Father. Pablo Ramon
Study at Ateneo?
• He was also enrolled in Ateneo taking a vocational course in
surveying (1877-78)

• Given the title as Perito Agrimensor ( expert surveyor) on

November 25 1881.
-age of 17-
• He was the president of the Academy of Natural Science and
Secretary if Marian Congregation in Ateneo
• While Rizal was studying at UST, he also
studied in Ateneo. He took the vocational
course leading to the title of “Perito
Agrimensor” (Expert Surveyor).

• He excelled in all subjects in the surveying

course obtaining gold medals in Agriculture
and Topography.

• Vocational Courses:
1. Agriculture 3. Mechanics
2. Commerce 4. Surveying
• At that point, he paid court to a young woman in
Calamba and hide her identity by naming “MISS L.”

 But it ended due for two main reasons:

1. The sweet memory of Segunda was still fresh
2. His father did not like the family of Miss L.

MOTIVATIONs
• By the information's given, how would you describe
Rizal in terms of decision making?
• What can you say regarding his mother’s decision?
 1878-1879 (2nd Term) at UST
• Jose decide to shift to medicine due for Fr.
Pablo Ramon’s advise.

• His decision was prompted by his desire to

sure his mother’s failing eyesight.
Academic Standing
 1877 - 1878 (Philosophy & Letters)
Cosmology & Metaphysics … Excellent
Theodicy … Excellent
History of Philosophy … Excellent
 1878 - 1879 (Medicine) –1st Year
Physics … Fair
Chemistry … Excellent
Natural History … Good
Anatomy I … Good
Dissection I … Good
 1879 - 1880 (Medicine) –2nd Year
Anatomy 2 … Good
Dissection 2 … Good
Physiology … Good
Private Hygiene … Good
Public Hygiene … Good
 1880 - 1881 (Medicine) –3rd Year
General Pathology … Fair
Therapeutics … Excellent
Surgery … Good
 1881 – 1882 (Medicine) –4th Year
Medical Pathology … Very Good
Surgical Pathology … Very Good
Obstetrics … Very Good
Question:
• By reference to the performance of Rizal, what
can be inferred on it?

• Do you agree that there was discrimination

during his study in UST?
• -prove with it your source
• Rizal biographers such W. Retana, Carlito
Garcia etc. unitedly pronounced that:
• -low grades are because of bigotry and racial
discrimination
• Dominican prof. were hostile and that Rizal was not
given a full education

• Dr. Zaide puts an idea that Filipino students

“racially discriminated”
-excessive harping of intellectual supperiority
* he made a comparison of grades at the
Ateneo and UST
On the contrary….
• The Dominican University favored Rizal
instead of discriminating.
As an evidence:
• Studying Preparatory course in Medicine
• The first year in Medicine
• * very rare privileges
The illustration in El Filibusterismo (Class of Physics)
-arragonce of Profs. Were far form the truth….
-to read page 37

Source: Social Reformer and Patriot (A. De Viana et,al)

The First Spanish Encounter
What was it all about?
• It was when Rizal was unable to say “Good Evening” to
a Guardia Civil.
“...i could not obtain justice…..” –zaide

• He reported it to authorities ( Gobernador Heneral) but

there was not action.
• WHAT PARTICULAR VIEW DOES IT PORTRAYS?
Romances in life:
 Segunda Katigbak
 Miss L.
 fair with seductive and attractive eyes.
Reasons:
1. The sweet memory of Segunda was still fresh in
his heart.
2. His father did not like the family of Miss L.
 Leonor “Orang” Valenzuela
 a medical student from Calamba, Laguna
 the charming daughter of Capitan Juan and
Capitana Sanday Valenzuela.
 tall girl with a regal bearing.
 Rizal sent Leonor a love notes written in invisible
ink
continuious
 Leonor Rivera
 Rizal’s cousin from Camiling.
 born in Camiling, tarlac on April 11, 1867.
 a student of La Concordia College where Rizal’s
sister, Soledad was then studying.
 frail, pretty girl, and tender as a budding flower with
kindly wistful eyes.

Taimis  Leonor’s pseudonym in order to camouflage their

intimate relationship from their parents and friends.

Rizal lived in:

Casa Tomasina
No. 6 Calle Santo Tomas, Intramuros

Antonio Rivero – Rizal’s landlord-uncle.

-- father of Leonor Rivera.
 TO THE FILIPINO YOUTH
Liceo Artisco-Literano (Artistic-Literary
Lyceum)
 a society of literary men and artists.
 held a Literary Contest and offered a
prize (Silver Pen, feather-shaped decorated
with gold ribbon) for best poem.

“A La Juventud Filipina” (To The Filipino Youth)

 Rizal’s prize-winning and inspiring poem
of flawless for.
Rizal beseeched the Filipino youth to rise from
the lethargy; to let their genius mind fly swiftly
the wind and descend with art and science to
break the chains that have long bound the
spirit of the people.

Reasons why Rizal’s Poem was a Classic in

Philippine Literature:
1. It was the first gr eat poem in Spanish written
by a Filipino, whose merit was recognized by
Spanish Literary Authorities.
2. It expressed for the first time the nationalistic
concept that the Filipinos were the “fair hope
of the Fatherland.”
THE COUNCIL OF GODS
• Rizal at 19 years old was awarded with a gold
ring
Artistic-Literary Lyceum
 opened another literary contest (to both
Filipinos and Spaniards) to commemorate the
4th centennial of the death of Cervantes.

Cervantes
 was a Spain’s glorified man-of-letters and
famous author of Don Quixote.
Rizal submitted an allegorical drama
entitled “El Consejo de los Dioses” (The Council
of the Gods).
The Council of the Gods
 was based on the Greek classics.
 aided by Fr. Rector of Ateneo.

Prize: Gold Ring engraved the bust of Cervantes

Winners:
1st Place: Jose Rizal (19yrs old)
2nd Place: D. N. Del Puzo (Spanish)

--Because of its literary superiority

 “Junto Al Pasig” (Besides the Pasig)
 (Zarzuela)staged by the Ateneans on
December 8, 1880 of the Annual Celebration
of the Feast Day of Immaculate Concepcion
(Patroness of Ateneo).
 A Filipinas
 (a sonnet, 1880) Rizal urged all Filipino
artists to glorify the Philippines.
 Abd-el-Azis y Mahoma
 (poem, 1879) was declaimed by an
Atenean, Manuel Fernandez on the night of
December 8, 1879 in honor of the Ateneo’s
Patroness.
Al M. R. P. Pablo Ramon
 (a poem, 1881) Rizal wrote a poem as an
expression of affection to Father Pablo
Ramon, the Ateneo Rector, who had been
so kind and helpful to him.
Motivation
• Do you consider that Rizal is more
knowledgeable than the Spaniards here in
the Philippines?

• How would you apply the message of the

poem “To the Filipino Youth”

VERY WELL SAID

A visit to Pakil and Pagsanjan
Summer of May 1881
 Rizal went to a pilgrimage to the town of pakil,
famous shrine of the Birhen Maria de los Dolores.
 he was accompanied by his sisters—Saturnina ,
Maria, and Trinidad and their female friends.
• They took a casco (flat-bottom sailing
vessel) from Calamba to Pakil, Laguna, and
stayed at the home of Mr. and Mrs. Manuel
Regalado, whose son Nicolas was Rizal’s
friend in Manila.
Rizal and his companions were fascinated by
he famous Turumba (people dancing in the
streets during the procession in honor of
the miraculous Birhen Maria de los Dolores)
 Rizal was infatuated by a pretty girl
colegiala, Vicenta Ybardolaza, who skillfully
played the harp at the Regalado home.
 Reasons why Rizal and his company
made side trip to the neighbouring town of
Pagsanjan:
1. It was the native town of Leonor
Valenzuela
2. To see the world famed Pagsanjan Falls.
RIZAL AS A CHAMPION OF FILIPINO
STUDENTS
 Rizal was the champion of the Filipino students in their fights
against the arrogant Spanish students.

 In 1880, Rizal founded a secret society of Filipino students in

the University of Santo Tomas called
“Compaňerismo”(Comradeship), whose members were called
“Companions of Jehu,” after the valiant Hebrew general who
fought the Armaeans.
DECISION TO ABROAD
finishing the Fourth Year of his medical
course, Rizal decided to study in Spain. He
could no longer endure the rampant
bigotry, discrimination, and hostility in the
University of Santo Tomas.
He did not seek his parent’s permission and
blessings to go abroad; and even his
beloved Leonor.
CONTRARY,,,,,,
• 1881, Dominican leased to him additional lands in
barrio Pansol near Los Banos to support all his
sisters in case his father will pass away (de viana
et.al)
-no rent for five years

• Other reason was the blacklisting of his family in

the government but there was such no really
blacklist.
The best possible reason…
• To widen his knowledge and compare the
greatness and progress of the cultured
nations of the world with the
slow,monotonous and retrograde march of
the colony.
Secondly…..
• To avail of more conducive conditions in
Europe.
• Medical school in UsT is still new only in
1871.
(his mother prompted him in this decision)
Vacation time 1882
• Jose through Paciona secured the
indorsement of Pedro Paterno
May 3 1882- the Departure
• Left on vessel Salvadora on his first trip to
Spain.
As a result:

• This opens to the way to the important

phase of his nationalistic work exposing and
fighting not only Spanish tyranny but also
the divisiveness of his fellow countrymen
 END OF THE
PRESENTATION