SCIENCE

Modified Strategic Intervention Material

Quarter 1 Week 6
Special Science Elmentary School – Grade Eight
Modified Strategic Intervention Materials
Grade 8– Quarter 1: Week 6:
-Heat Capacity and Temperature
-Investigating Electricity
-Resistance

Development Team

Author/s: Ma. Generosa T. Agustin

Maria Victoria L. Tungul
Cover Art Illustrator: Erich D. Garcia
Reviewer: Paz I. Canlas
Editor: Paz I. Canlas
Layout: Mark Jeremy D. Roque

Management Team

Zenia G. Mostoles EdD, CESOV, Schools Division Superintendent

Celia R. Lacanlale PhD, Chief CID
Paz I. Canlas, Education Program Supervisor in Science

Department of Education – Division of Pampanga

Office Address: High School Boulevard, Brgy. Lourdes,

San Fernando City, Pampanga

Landline Number: (045) 435-27-28

Email Address: [email protected]

 TITLE CARD

HEAT CAPACITY AND TEMPERATURE

Prepared by

MA. GENEROSA T. AGUSTIN

BECURAN HIGH SCHOOL

Content Standard: heat and temperature, and the effects of heat on the body
Learning Competency: Differentiate between heat and temperature at the
molecular level

GUIDE CARD

In this lesson, you may

differentiate heat from temperature
and define specific heat capacity.
You may answer now the pretest
before you are going to read the
next pages. happy learning

1
Pre Test
Multiple Choice: Choose the best answer. Write the letter of your answer in your Science
notebook (Note: Please do not write anything in this module)
1. Which of the following BEST describes specific heat?
a. Heat from the sun
b. The heat needed to restore room temperature.
c. The amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1kg of some material.
d. The amount of heat needed to raise the temperature at room temperature

2. The specific heat of water is ?

a. 1 calorie/gram C=1.846joule/gram
b. 1 calorie/gram C=4.186joule/gram
c. 1 calorie/gram C=8.416joule/gram
d. 1 calorie/gram=1.648joule

3. The symbol for specific heat is .......

a. C b. Q c. m d. T

4. What does the c stand for in the formula?

a. The heat transferred from the substance
b. The heat lost from the substance
c. The specific heat of the substance
d. The energy from the substance

5. Which of the following substances has the highest specific heat?

a. water b. wood c. alcohol d. copper

6. Water molecules have the greatest kinetic energy in ______________

a. Ice at 0 °C c. Water at 98 °C
b. Water at 373 K d. Steam at 150 °C.

7. The unit Joules is for ___________

a. heat energy c. specific heat
b. temperature d. none of the above

8. Which of the following best explains why the sand at the beach is hotter than the
water?
a. Sand has a higher specific heat than water.
b. Sand has a lower specific heat than water.
c. There is more water than sand at the beach.
d. There is more sand than water at the beach.

9. Thermal energy ALWAYS moves from _____ to _____.

a. solid to liquid c. ice to water
b. hot to cold d. solid to gas

10. Object A has a specific heat of 4.45 J/g⁰C and object B has a specific heat of
1.82 J/g⁰C. Which object will heat up faster?
a. Object A, it has a lower specific heat
b. Object B, it has a lower specific heat
c. Object A, it has a higher specific heat
d. Object B, it has a higher specific heat

2
Review

In the previous lesson, you learned that substance expands when heated or
contracts when cooled. This time, you will study another thermal property of materials
— ability to absorb or release heat that results in temperature change.

What is temperature?

Temperature is a measurement of how

hot or cold of an object is. It can be
measured with a thermometer or a
calorimeter. Temperature is a measure
of the internal energy of a material.

Define
define he HEAT

Heat is the transfer of energy between

objects or places because of difference in
temperature. Heat exists as ‘energy in transit’
and it is not contained in an object.

The energy that is actually contained

in an object due to the motion of its
particles is called thermal energy.
The thermal energy of an object is
changed if heat is transferred to or
from it. Since the amount of heat
transferred relates to the amount of
change in thermal energy.

3
 Let us now start with our lesson.
The amount of heat needed by a material
to increase its temperature by a degree is
called heat capacity (C). To be more
specific, the term specific heat capacity
(c) is used, and this refers to the amount of
heat required to increase the temperature
of one unit mass of a given material by one
Celsius degree. For example, water has a
specific heat capacity of 1 cal/g°C. So it
takes 1 calorie of heat to raise the
temperature of 1 gram of water by 1°C. To
understand better, you may perform the
activity.

ACTIVITY CARD 1
Specific Heat Capacity

Read the comic cartoon communication.

Did you experience burning your mouth while eating pizza?

Guide Questions.

1. What is the heat capacity of cheese? the crust?

2. Among the three pizza eaters, who is right and who is wrong?.

4
 DISCUSSION

Ven, have you ever been outside on the

playground on a sunny day and touched the
metal of a swing set? How does it feel? It is
hot?

Yes, it is hot.

Have you ever walked on the

sidewalk and had to jump to
the grass because the
pavement was too hot for
your feet? Do you think the
grass and the pavement are
actually different
temperatures — even if it is
the same temperature
outside?

They probably have different

temperatures that is why we
jump to the grass so that our
feet will not burn.

Ven is correct. Different objects require different amounts of heat to raise the
same amount of material to the same temperature. You can notice this on a hot
summer day when the ground is cool enough to walk on, but the road and sidewalk are
very hot, or a metal bench is much hotter than a wooden bench. The metal bench
requires less heat to make it hot than the wooden bench. When we measure this
property, the quantity is called the heat capacity of the material. When an object
absorbs heat, the thermal energy is spread among the atoms and molecules in the
material. Energy makes the molecules vibrate back and forth. If the vibrations become
faster, we measure it as an increase in temperature. Every material has a different heat
capacity.

5
 ACTIVITY CARD 2
Specific Heat Capacity of Some
Materials

Time Air (° C) Water (° Sand (° C) Metal (° C)

(minutes) C)
O (initial) 25°C 25°C 25°C 25°C
15.0 min 28.9°C 26.2°C 30°C 35°C
30.0 min 32.5°C 27.5°C 35°C 45°C
45.0 min 36.2°C 28.8°C 40°C 55°C
60.0 min 40°C 30°C 45°C 65°C

Hello Ven! You are going to do the activity 2

so that you can understand fully our topic.
Suppose you perform the experiment and
here are the data of your experiment.

The following table shows the temperature

after 10.0 g of 4 different substances have
been in direct sunlight for up to 60 minutes.

Guide Questions:

1. What are the four substances that heated under the sun?
2. Arrange the four substances based on the time required to heat them
slowest to fastest.
3. Define Specific heat capacity.
4. Based on the definition of specific heat capacity, which of the four
substances do you think has:
a. highest specific heat capacity
b. lowest specific heat capacity
5. Here are the specific capacities of the four substances:
4.18 J/g °c, 1.00 J/g °c, 0.80 J/g °c, & 0.60 J/g °c
Match and then label each substance with specific heat capacity.
6. Assuming that they both start at the same temperature, which will heat up
faster, a swimming pool or a bathtub?
7. When you boil water in a pot on the stove, which heats faster, the metal or
the water?

DISCUSSION
Engineers use their knowledge of the thermal properties of matter to design
everything from engines to satellites to houses. Engineers use a material's heat capacity
to determine its usefulness for different applications. A material with a low-heat capacity
(such as metals) has a greater increase in temperature from absorbing the same
amount of heat as a material with a high-heat capacity (such as water). This is why
materials with high-heat capacities, such as water, are used for storing thermal energy.
Other materials with high-heat capacity, such as brick or concrete walls, are important
to engineers designing houses that they want to stay warm in cold climates.

6
 Engineers consider heat capacity when working with any material. For example,
think of all the devices and appliances in your house. If the wiring in your computer or
lamp or hair dryer gets too hot, it may spark and stop working.
The table below is a list of specific heat capacity of some substances.

Different materials have different specific heat capacities. Many metals

have low specific heat capacities. This makes them easy to heat up and cool down.
Water, on the other hand, has a high specific heat capacity and so it takes a long time
to heat and a long time to cool. This makes the water a good coolant for car radiators.
Because of its high specific heat capacity, it can absorb a large amount of heat without
causing its temperature to rise too high.

ACTIVITY CARD 3
Heat VS. Temperature

Direction: Draw a fire if the statement describes HEAT and draw a thermometer if the
statement describes TEMPERATURE

1. It is the amount of energy in a body.

2. Average kinetic energy of molecules in a substance.
3. Total kinetic and potential energy contained by molecules in an object.
4. It is the measure of the intensity of heat.
5. Joules
6. Kelvin
7. My device to measure me is Calorimeter
8. My label is Q
9. My label is T
10. my device to measure me is Thermometer

7
 DISCUSSION

How are heat and

temperature different?

I am an amount of
energy in a body

It is the measure of the

intensity of heat

I am the Total kinetic and potential

energy contained by molecules in
an object.

I am the Average kinetic energy

of molecules in a substance

Calorimeter is the device to

measure me. Joules is the SI unit
use and my symbol is Q

Thermometer is the device to

measure md, The SI unit is Kelvin.
My symbol is T

Well, here are the important points to consider about the difference between
heat and temperature. First, heat is a form of energy while temperature is not a form of
energy. Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles and it
does not depend on the mass of the object. It can be measured directly with the use of
thermometers. Heat cannot be measured directly but using calorimeter can determine
the amount of heat transferred to or from an object. In addition, you can make use of

8
the measurable quantities related to heat to determine how much heat (Q) is absorbed
by the object. These are the change in temperature (∆T), mass (m), and specific heat
capacity (c) of the object. The relation among these quantities is expressed as: Q =
mcT

Enrichment Card

GUIDED ACTIVITY No. 1

Direction: Read the statement carefully. Rearrange the jumbled letters that would
best describe the given statement.

1. It is used to measure temperature T T E E E M M R R O H

2. It is the transfer of energy between objects or places because of the difference
in temperature. T H E A
3. It is the amount of heat required to increase the temperature of one unit mass of
a given material by one Celsius degree. T H E A CITY PACIFIC CAPES
4. . It is defined as the total of all kinetic energies within a given system RENE
RETHGYMA
5. The measurement of how hot or cold of an object is. RAPTURE TEEM

GUIDED ACTIVITY No. 2

Direction: Give the specific heat of the following substances .

1. water
2. sand
3. air
4. ethyl alcohol (Ethanol)
5. gold
6. copper
7. cement
8. wood
9. glass
10. granite

GUIDED ACTIVITY No.3

Direction: Differentiate heat and temperature by completing the table.

BASIS FOR HEAT TEMPERATURE

COMPARISON
1. Definition
2. Measures
3. Property
4. Units of
Measurement
5. Device
6. Symbol

9
 REFLECTION CARD

Application: Determine the importance of the specific heat of water in the given
situations.

1. patient with high fever

2. coolant for car radiator

ASSESSMENT CARD

Direction: Multiple Choice: Choose the best answer. Write the letter of your answer in
your Science notebook (Note: Please do not write anything in this module)
1. Which of the following substances would require the most heat intake to
increase its temperature by the same amount as the other samples listed?
a. aluminum b. copper c. gold d. water

2. Object A has a specific heat of 4.45 J/goC and object B has a specific heat of
1.82J/goC. Which object heats up faster ?
a. Object A. It has a higher specific heat
b. Object A has a lower specific heat
c. Object B has a higher specific heat
d. Object B has lower specific heat

3. What is the unit used to measure Thermal energy?

a. J/KgoC b. oC c. Kg d. J

4. Specific heat of water is 4.18J/goC and the specific heat of wood is 1.760 J/goC,
which of the two materials need more heat energy to raise the temperature?
a. water c. both are the same
b. wood d. none of the above

5. Which of the following substances would heat up faster?

a. water b. gold c. copper d. aluminum

6. heat energy moves from ____________thingS to ________things

a. cold/warm b. warm/cold c. liquid/solid d. solid/liquid

7. A high specific heat heat means________

a. Heats up quickly with energy added
b. Heats up quickly with energy lost
c. It requires more energy to change temperature
d. It does not require energy to change temperature

8. When water is heated from 10oC to 15oC what is the change in temperature?
a. 25oC b. 15oC c. 10oC d. 5oc

9. Object C has a specific heat of 0.25J/goC and Object D has a specific heat of
1.82/goC, which object will heat up faster?
a. Object C. It has a higher specific heat
b. Object D. it has a higher specific heat
c. Object C . It has lower specific heat
d. OBJECT D. It has higher specific heat

10
 10. There are four cups of cold cocoa. The cup sizes are shown below. The
temperature of the cocoa in each cup is 25 degrees Celsius. Which of the four
cups will need the most energy to make it hot cocoa?

a. Venti
b. Large cup (Trenta)
c. Small cup (Tall)
d. All four are the same temperature so they need the same energy

REFERENCE CARD

https://1.cdn.edl.io/pTozrZxiURYgJ20bOFbAp2UjMQxGBura5pwMBoS5IUXwaCk7.pdf
https://opentextbc.ca/universityphysicsv2openstax/chapter/heat-transfer-specific-
heat-and-calorimetry/

https://courses.lumenlearning.com/physics/chapter/14-2-temperature-change-and-
heat-capacity/

https://isaacphysics.org/concepts/cc_heat_capacities
http://www.depedbataan.com/resources/20/gr_8_teaching_guide_in_science.pdf
http://www.depedbataan.com/resources/20/gr_8_learning_module_in_science.pdf

https://thescienceteacher.co.uk/specific-heat-capacity/
https://www.teachengineering.org/activities/view/cub_energy2_lesson06_activity2

11
 ANSWER CARD

Activity Card 1

1. cheese -3270 J/KgoC

crust - 2800 J/KgoC
2. Right- Malcolm and David
Wrong –Jo

Activity Card 2

1. air water sand metal

2. water air sand metal
3. Specific heat capacity- The amount of heat needed by a material to increase
its temperature by a degree
4. a. water
b. metal
5. water - 4.18 J/goC
air – 1.0 J/goC
sand – 0.80 J/goC
metal – 0.60 J/goC
6. bath tub
7. metal

Activity Card 3

1. heat 6. Heat
2. temperature 7. heat
3. Heat 8. Heat
4. temperature 9. Temperature
5. Temperature 10. Temperature

Guided Activity 1

1. thermometer
2. Heat
3. Specific Heat
4. Kinetic Energy
5. Temperature

Guided Activity 2.

1. water - 4.184 J/goC 6. copper – 0.385 J/goC

2. sand - 0.80 J/goC 7. cement – 0.9 J/goC
3. air - 1.0 J/goC 8. wood – 1.80 J/goC
4. Ethanol- 2.44 J/goC 9. glass -0.80 J/goC
5. gold – 0.129 J/goC 10. granite - 0.80 J/goC

Guided Activity 3

BASIS FOR HEAT TEMPERATURE

COMPARISON

12
 1. Definition Heat is the amount of Temperature is the
energy in a body. measure of the
intensity of heat.
2. Measures Total kinetic and Average kinetic energy
potential energy of molecules in a
contained by substance.
molecules in an object.
3. Property Flows from hotter Rises when heated and
object to cooler falls when cooled.
object.
4. Units of Joules Kelvin
Measurement
5. Device Calorimeter Thermometer
6. Symbol Q T

ASSESSMENT

1. d 6. b
2. d 7. c
3. d 8. d
4. a 9. c
5. b 10. b

13
 TITLE CARD

Hello there!PPPPP
PPP

I am
Teacher Rachelle.
Today, we will be having a
Prepared by
MARIA VICTORIA L. TUNGUL
short flashback on Ernest
STO. TOMAS HIGH SCHOOL
SASMUAN, PAMPANGA (CLUSTER II)

GUIDE CARD
Rutherford’s and Niels Bohr’s

Contribution to Atomic Theory.

Come! Let us see!

Hi, I am Safety Officer Vic.
Today we will learn about
electricity. There are
three quantities that you
should be familiar with in
the study of electricity.
These are electric current,
voltage and resistance.

Electricity is part of our

daily lives. Many of the
activities that we do
every day depend on
electricity like watching
your favorite TV show,
using your computer and
many more. Imagine our
life today without
electricity.

14
 Learning Competency: Infer the relationship between
current and charge.
⮚ Describe current and voltage.
⮚ Determine the relationship between current and
voltage.

Pre-Assessment

TAKE CHARGE!

Directions: Identification.

1. When you walk across a carpet, electrons rub off the carpet onto your shoes.
When this happens, which becomes negatively charged: the carpet or your
shoes? _____________

2. What is the tiniest particle of a matter called? ______________

3. What is the center of an atom? _____________

4. What is the positively-charged particle in an atom called? ______________

5. What is the negatively-charged particle in an atom called? _________________

6. What is the neutral particle in an atom called? ______________

7. If pairs of objects are held near each other, as shown below, do they attract or
repel each other?

8. If you placed your arm near the screen of a television or a computer that is
switched on the hair in your arm will stand on their ends. This is the effect of
________________.

15
(
ACTIVITY CARD 1

WORD HUNT

Direction: There are 10 words in the word box that we will encounter. Help me find those
words and encircle the words if you are able to find them put a check before the word.

Voltage Ampere Electrons

Volt Electricity Potential
Current Law
OHM Coulomb

Q W C O U L U M B E Z X V B N M J K L O

R A D L A S D F G L A S D F G H J U I P

Y V F O G J K L Z E L E C T R O N S Q Q

T O G P Z X C V G C A V B N M J K L G C

O L H I E T Y U J T Z X C V B N M L J H

P T J L Q E R T Y R H G F D S A Q W E R

A A M P E R E A S I T Y C U R R E N T T

P G K J A D L Y U C I O O P L K J O H N

A E L M Z X E V N I L E U T T E R H N I

S X O B C V C N M T N A L N A Y K M A B

P O T E N T T A L Y L A W S C I E N C E

D C P K Q W R Y G L A B B O R A T O R Y

F G I H T R I H P O T E N T I A L W O E

K V U G Y F C F G L O V E F O R S C I E

L B Y D U V I H B C O V I D S T O P I T

P N T A I M T B F V O L T W E C A N D O

ACTIVITY CARD 2
Directions: True or False. Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if it is not.

______ 1. Electric charges can be made to move through a conducting material.

______ 2. Voltage is a measure of the number of charges passing through a cross-
section of a conductor in a given time.
______ 3. In an electrical circuit, the current flows from the point where the electrical
potential is highest to the point where it is lowest.
_______ 4. The direction of the flow of electrons is from the positive terminal to the
negative terminal.
_______ 5. The ampere (symbol: A) is the unit used to measure current intensity.
_______ 6. Voltage (potential difference) is the energy used by every unit charge to
move from one point to another.

16
_______ 7. Voltage is inversely proportional to current
_______ 8. Current and electrons are directly proportional.
_______ 9. The unit for voltage is Volt (symbol: V)
_______ 10. Andre Marie – Ampere was the one who formulate the Ohm’s Law.

ENRICHMENT CARD 1

Electric charges can be made to move through a conducting material. The

electric charges are the electrons of the conducting materials. Materials such
as copper, steel, and aluminum have a lot of loosely held electrons which
made them good conductors of electricity. Current is a measure of the
number of charges passing through a cross-section of a conductor in a given
time.

What is the direction of current? A battery has terminal marks “+”and “-“. The
plus (+) sign indicates surplus or excess of charge and the negative (-) sign
means deficiency. The movement of charges from the positive side of the
battery to the negative side is called conventional current or simply current.
However, this is not the actual motion of electrons in a circuit. The direction
of the flow of electrons is from the negative terminal to the positive terminal.
This is called electron current. The direction of current does not affect what
the current does.

The size of the current is given by the equation:

The formula for Current is

I = V/R Where:
I is the current in amperes (A)
V is the voltage in volt (V )
R is the resistance in ohm (Ω)

Energy is needed to make the charges move. Students learned that when
work is done on an object, energy is transferred. The voltage of a battery
does the work on charges to make them move. Batteries are energy sources.
The chemical energy in the battery is transformed to electrical energy. This
electrical energy moves the charges in a circuit. The work done on the
charges as it passes through a load is measured as the voltage across the
load.

A voltmeter measures voltage. The voltmeter must be connected parallel or

across the load. The positive terminal of a voltmeter is connected to the
positive terminal of the bulb while the negative terminal is connected to the
negative terminal of the bulb as.
The formula for Voltage is
V= IR Where:
V is for voltage unit is volt (V)
I is for current unit is ampere (A)
R is for resistance unit is ohm (Ω)

17
 ● In this activity, you will determine how voltage and current are related.
● You will use voltmeters and ammeters to measure the current and voltage in a
circuit. Make sure that you follow the correct way of connecting the ammeter
and voltmeter. If the school cannot provide voltmeters and ammeters, you can
modify the activity by just relating the number of dry cells or increase in voltage
with the brightness of the bulb. The brighter the bulb, the bigger the current.
● The dry cells must be connected in series which means the positive terminal of
one cell is connected to the negative terminal of the other.
● Ideally a switch must be included in the circuit so you can turn off the circuit to
avoid wasting energy. You can make an improvised switch using an illustration
board and aluminum foil as shown in below.

• Be sure also to use new batteries for this activity especially when the brightness of
the bulb is being asked. For the bulb, use a flashlight with a voltage rating of 2.5
V.
• In case no battery holders, use cardboard to wrap two batteries tightly like a
cylindrical holder. Tape the cartolina to secure the tightness of the connection of
the batteries.
Sample Data
No. of batteries Voltage (V) Current (A)

1 1.5 0.2 A

2 2.5 0.3 A

Make a sample data based on your observation, use the table below.
No. of batteries Voltage (V) Current (A)

Activity Discussion
● The dry cell provides the energy that moves the charges in a circuit. The dry
cell must be connected by conducting wires to a load to form a complete
circuit. Adding dry cells in series increases the voltage in a circuit.

18
 ● In the activity, adding dry cells increases the current in a circuit as shown by the
ammeter readings. The brightness of the bulb also indicates the amount of
current passing through it. The bigger the current through the bulb, the brighter it
glows. Both the meter readings and the brightness of the bulb show that voltage
and current are related. The activity shows that as the voltage increases, the
current also increases.

ENRICHMENT CARD 2

Directions: Calculate the following by using the formula for current and voltage.

ASSESSMENT CARD 1

COMPLETE THE TABLE

Directions:

Current (I) Voltage (V) Resistance (Ω)

4.5 V 15 Ω

0.6 A 15 Ω

5V 15 Ω

0.3 A 15 Ω

7V 15 Ω

0.6 A 15 Ω

10V 15 Ω

0.8 A 15 Ω

14V 15 Ω

0.9 A 15 Ω

19
 ASSESSMENT CARD 2

Problem Solving

Directions: Read each problem carefully and analyze. Solve the problem using the
formula for current and voltage write your complete solution in a blank paper.

1. In this circuit, there is a resistance of 40 Ω and a current of 0.15 A, what is the

voltage?

2. If a circuit has a voltage of 500 V and a resistance of 250 Ω, what is the current?
3. In this circuit, there is a resistance of 100 Ω and a current of 0. 05 A, what is the
voltage?
4. In this circuit, there is a resistance of 40 Ω and a current of 0.15 A, what is the
voltage?

5. A flashlight that is powered by 3 Volts and uses a bulb with a resistance of

60 Ω will have a current of ________ Amps.

REFERENCE CARD

Bibliography
Rabago, L. M. (2014). Science and Technology. Quezon City: Vibal Group Inc.

Prepared by: MARIA VICTORIA L. TUNGUL

STO. TOMAS HIGH SCHOOL SASMUAN (CLUSTER II)

ANSWERS CARD

Pre-Assessment

1. Shoes
2. Atom
3. Nucleus
4. Proton
5. Electron
6. Neutron
7. Repel, Attract, Repel
8. Static Electricity

20
Activity Card 2

1. True
2. False
3. True
4. False
5. True
6. True
7. False
8. False
9. True
10. True

Enrichment Card 1

● Make a sample data based on your observation

Enrichment Card 2

1. A. 20 Volts
b. 10 Volts
c. 230 Volts
2. A. 5 A
B. 3 A
C. 46 A

Assessment Card 1

1. 0.3 A
2. 9V
3. 0.3 A
4. 4.5 V
5. 0.4 A
6. 9V
7. 0.6 A

8. 12v
9. 0.9 A

10. 13.5 V
Assessment Card 2
1. 6 Volts
2. 2 Ampere
3. 5 Volts
4. 6 Volts
5. 0.05 Ampere

21
 TITLE CARD

Prepared by
MARIA VICTORIA L. TUNGUL
STO. TOMAS HIGH SCHOOL
SASMUAN, PAMPANGA (CLUSTER II)

GUIDE CARD

There are three basic

measurements which can be
made in an electrical circuit.
Voltage and current are the first
two, and the third is resistance.

As electrical resistance is such a

basic concept in electrical and
electronic circuits it is necessary to
answer some questions: what is
resistance, what are resistors, and
how resistance affects circuits.

Learning Competency: Infer the relationship between current and charge.

⮚ Describe resistance.
⮚ Determine the relationship between electric current and
resistance.

22
 PRE-ASSESSMENT

PICK-A-PIC!
Direction: Inside the box, choose the correct letter which contains the answer to the following
questions below. Write the answer on the space provided before each number.

A. Voltmeter B. Ammeter C. Electrons

D. V E. Current F. Electricity

G. Battery H. Voltage I. O

J. Ampere K. A L. Circuit

1. What is the unit for current?

2. What is the symbol for volt?

3. It has a terminal mark of positive + and negative

-

4. What is the device used to measure current?

5. It is the presence and flow of electric charge. By

using this, we can transfer energy in ways that
allow us to do simple chores.

6. What is the device used to measure voltage?

7. It is a measure of the number of charges passing

through a cross-section of a conductor in a
given time.

8. Also known as potential difference.

9. What is the symbol for ampere?

10. Negatively charged particles that flow from

negative to positive terminal.

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 REVIEW

Do you still remember our last discussion? If yes,

kindly answer the following question below. Write
your answer inside the box.

1. What is the formula for Current and Voltage?

2. What are the units of voltage, current and resistance?

ACTIVITY CARD 1

Understanding OHM

Direction: Inside the box are words that you’ll be needing to fill in the
blanks below. Write the correct answer on the blank/space provided after
each number.

Increase Proportional Not change

Decrease Constant

Ohm’s Law shows the link between current, voltage and resistance.
As voltage 1.____________, the current 2.___________. Voltage and current
are 3.________________, while the resistance remains 4.___________________.
Voltage and current are 5._________________ so the resistance of a material
is 6.________________, as long as the temperature does 7.__________________.
If voltage is 8.______________, then current 9.______________ as resistance
10.____________________.

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 ACTIVITY CARD 2

Direction: Since you already have an idea regarding formula for current,
voltage and resistance, it would be easier for you to complete the table.
Kindly complete the table and do not forget your units.

Current (A) Voltage (V) Resistance (Ω)

10V 12 Ω

15 A 20 Ω

25 V 35 Ω

0.8 A 40 Ω

240V 200 Ω

ENRICHMENT CARD 1
Another variable that can affect current is the resistance. As the
term implies, the resistance of the material opposes the flow of charges.
Resistance can also be measured and they are expressed in units called
Ohms. A lower resistance would mean that there is less opposition in the
flow of charges and therefore bigger current.

Different materials have different amounts of resistance.

Conductors definitely have very little resistance and therefore allow
more charges to pass through. Insulators are materials that have very
high resistance and therefore flow of charges would be difficult.

The length and thickness of the conducting wire are factors that
affect resistance encountered by current. The longer the wire the
greater will be its resistance and the greater the cross-sectional area (a
measure of the thickness of the wire), the lower will be its resistance.

The resistance of an object also changes when the object

becomes wet. Dry human skin for instance has a resistance of 100,000
ohms but when it gets wet its resistance is reduced to 1,000 ohms. That
is why it is important to dry the hands when plugging an electrical
appliance to reduce any chance of getting a lot of current if an
accident occurs.

Understanding the relationship between current and resistance is

important in protecting oneself from electric shock.

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 Resistance is a measure of how hard it is for electrons to move in
an electrical circuit.

The connection between current, voltage and resistance was

discovered in 1827 by Georg Ohm, a German physics and math
teacher.

The formula V = I × R is known as Ohm’s Law. It was such an

important discovery that the unit of resistance is called the ohm. It is
represented by the symbol (Ω).

Resistance formula triangle

A formula triangle helps you to rearrange a formula. The formula
triangle for V = IR is shown below.

Cover up the quantity that you have to work out. This gives the formula
needed.

’’’’’

Always remember, Resistance is a measure of

how hard it is for electrons to move in an electrical
circuit. The connection between current, voltage
and resistance is known as Ohm’s Law and it can be
written mathematically as R=V/I.

Direction: Read the following problems carefully and solve them by using the
formula of Ohm’s law. Do not forget your unit. Good luck!

1. What is the potential difference across an electrical load that has a resistance
of 4 Ω and a current of 3 A flowing through it?

2. Calculate the current and electric clothes dryer draws when it is connected to a
230 V source and has a resistance of 9.2 Ω.

3. An electric toaster has a resistance of 12 Ω. What current will it draw from a 120
V supply?

4. A portable radio connected to a 9.0 V battery draws a current of 25 A. What is

the resistance of the radio?

5. What is the resistance in a circuit if a potential difference of 110 V causes a

current of 10 A?

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 ENRICHMENT CARD 2
Direction: Arrange the jumbled letters to get the correct answer.

H O M 1. Resistance is measured in _____.

I C T C R I U 2. A path that is made for an

electric current is?

L T V O 3. Voltage is measured in?

E S E N T R O C L 4.What flows in a wire?

D E E S E A R C 5. As the resistance of a circuit

increases (voltage remains constant),
the current will

ASSESSMENT CARD 1

It’s now time to test what have you have learned!

Read the following questions carefully and
encircle the letter that corresponds to the
question.

Direction: Read the following questions carefully and encircle the letter
that corresponds to the question.
1.If the resistance of a circuit were tripled, then the current through the
circuit would be ____.
a. one-third as much
b. three times as much
c. unchanged
d. ... nonsense! There would be no way to make such a
prediction.
2. Which of the following will cause the current through an electrical
circuit to decrease? Choose all that apply.
a. decreases the voltage
b. decreases the resistance
c. increases the voltage
d. increases the resistance

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3. If the voltage across a circuit is quadrupled, then the current through
the circuit would be ____.
a. one-fourth as much
b. four times as much
c. unchanged
d. ... nonsense! There would be no way to make such a prediction.
4. light that is powered by 3 Volts and uses a bulb with a resistance of
60 Ω will have a current of ________ Amps.
0.05
0.04
0.03
0.02

ASSESSMENT CARD 2

Write it on!

Kindly summarize the lesson by answering this question. What is the is the
greatest connection between current, voltage and resistance?

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
__________________.

REFERENCE CARD

Rabago, L. M. (2014). Science and Technology. Quezon City: Vibal

Group Inc.

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 ANSWER CARD

PRE-ASSESSMENT ENRICHMENT CARD 1

1. J 12 V
2. D 25 A
3. G 10 A
4. B 0.36
5. F Ω
6. A 11 Ω
7. E
8. H ENRICHMENT CARD 2
9. K
10. C

OHM
REVIEW CIRCUIT
VOLT
1. I = V/R ELECTRON
DECREASE
V = IR
2. V- Volt
I – Ampere
R – Ohm

ASSESSMENT 1
ACTIVITY CARD 1

1. Increase A
2. Increase A and D
3. Proportional B
4. Constant B
5. Proportional C
A
6. Constant
7. Not Change
8. Constant
9. Decreases
10. Increases

ACTIVITY CARD 2

1. 0.8 A
2. 300 V
3. 0.7 A
4. 32 V
5. 1.2 A

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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Division of Pampanga

Office Address: High School Boulevard, Brgy. Lourdes,

San Fernando City, Pampanga

Landline: (045) 435-27-28

Email Address: [email protected]

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