Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 30 views

    Harvard Referencing System

    Uploaded by

    ánh Trần
    The document provides guidance on how to format references in the Harvard referencing style. It explains that a reference list contains full references for all sources cited in-text and is organized alphabetically by author. In-text citations contain the author's name and year of publication. The document then gives examples of how to reference different source types, such as books, journal articles, websites, and more.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Harvard Referencing System

    Uploaded by

    ánh Trần
    30 views7 pages
    The document provides guidance on how to format references in the Harvard referencing style. It explains that a reference list contains full references for all sources cited in-text and is organized alphabetically by author. In-text citations contain the author's name and year of publication. The document then gives examples of how to reference different source types, such as books, journal articles, websites, and more.

    Original Description:

    eng1101

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    The document provides guidance on how to format references in the Harvard referencing style. It explains that a reference list contains full references for all sources cited in-text and is organized alphabetically by author. In-text citations contain the author's name and year of publication. The document then gives examples of how to reference different source types, such as books, journal articles, websites, and more.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    30 views7 pages

    Harvard Referencing System

    Uploaded by

    ánh Trần
    The document provides guidance on how to format references in the Harvard referencing style. It explains that a reference list contains full references for all sources cited in-text and is organized alphabetically by author. In-text citations contain the author's name and year of publication. The document then gives examples of how to reference different source types, such as books, journal articles, websites, and more.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    You are on page 1of 7

    1.

    Harvard Referencing Basics: Reference List

    A reference list is a complete list of all the sources used when creating a piece of work.
    This list includes information about the sources like the author, date of publication, title
    of the source and more. A Harvard reference list must:

     Be on a separate sheet at the end of the document


     Be organised alphabetically by author, unless there is no author then it is ordered
    by the source title, excluding articles such as a, an or the
    o If there are multiple works by the same author these are ordered by date,
    if the works are in the same year they are ordered alphabetically by the
    title and are allocated a letter (a,b,c etc) after the date
     Be double spaced: there should be a full, blank line of space between each line
    of text
     Contain full references for all in-text references used

    2. Harvard Referencing Basics: In-Text

    In-text references must be included following the use of a quote or paraphrase taken
    from another piece of work.

    In-text references are references written within the main body of text and refer to a
    quote or paraphrase. They are much shorter than full references. The full reference of
    in-text citations appears in the reference list. In Harvard referencing, in-text citations
    contain the author(s)’s or editor(s)’s surname, year of publication and page number(s).
    Using an example author James Mitchell, this takes the form:

    Mitchell (2017, p. 189) states.. Or (Mitchell, 2017, p. 189)

    (Note: p. refers to a single page, pp. refers to a range of pages)

    Two or Three Authors:

    When citing a source with two or three authors, state all surnames like so:

    Mitchell, Smith and Thomson (2017, p. 189) states… Or

    (Mitchell, Coyne and Thomson, 2017, p. 189)

    Four or More Authors:

    In this case, the first author’s surname should be stated followed by ‘et al’:

    Mitchell et al (2017, p. 189) states… Or (Mitchell et al, 2017, p, 189)


    No Author:

    If possible, use the organisation responsible for the post in place of the author. If not,
    use the title in italics:

    (A guide to citation, 2017, pp. 189-201)

    Multiple Works From the Same Author in the Same Year:

    If referencing multiple works from one author released in the same year, the works are
    allocated a letter (a, b, c etc) after the year. This allocation is done in the reference list
    so is done alphabetically according to the author's surname and source title:

    (Mitchell, 2017a, p. 189) or Mitchell (2017b, p. 189)

    Citing Multiple Works in One Parentheses:

    List the in-text citations in the normal way but with semicolons between different
    references:

    (Mitchell, 2017, p. 189; Smith, 200; Andrews, 1989, pp. 165-176)

    Citing Different Editions of the Same Work in One Parentheses:

    Include the author(s)’s name only once followed by all the appropriate dates separated
    by semicolons:

    Mitchell (2010; 2017) states… Or (Mitchell, 2010; 2017)

    Citing a Reference With No Date:

    In this case simply state ‘no date’ in place of the year: (Mitchell, no date, p. 189).

    Citing a Secondary Source:

    In this case, state the reference you used first followed by ‘cited in’ and the original
    author:

    Smith 2000 (cited in Mitchell, 2017, p. 189) or (Smith, 2000, cited in Mitchell, 2017, p.
    189)

    3. How to Cite Different Source Types

     In-text citations remain quite constant across source types, unless mentioned
    explicitly, assume the in-text citation uses the rules stated above
     Reference list references vary quite a lot between sources.

    How to Cite a Book in Harvard Format

    Book referencing is the simplest format in Harvard referencing style. The basic format is
    as follows:

    Book Referencing Example:

    Mitchell, J.A. and Thomson, M. (2017) A guide to citation.3rd edn. London: London


    Publishings.

    How to Cite an Edited Book in Harvard Format

    Edited books are collations of chapters written by different authors. Their reference
    format is very similar to the book reference except instead of the author name, the
    editor name is used followed by (eds.) to distinguish them as an editor. The basic format
    is:

    Editor surname(s), initial(s). (eds.) (Year Published). Title. Edition. Place of

    publication: publishers

    Edited Book Example:

    William, S.T. (eds.) (2015) Referencing: a guide to citation rules. New York: My


    Publisher

    How to Cite a Chapter in an Edited Book in Harvard Format

    For citing chapters, you need to add the chapter author and chapter title to the
    reference. The basic format is as follows:
    Chapter in an Edited Book Example:

    Troy B.N. (2015) ‘Harvard citation rules’ in Williams, S.T. (ed.) A guide to citation rules.
    New York: NY Publishers, pp. 34-89.

    In-Text Citations: Chapter in an Edited Book

    Use the chapter author surname, not the editor.

    How to Cite an E-Book in Harvard Format

    To reference an e-book, information about its collection, location online and the date it
    was accessed are needed as well as author name, title and year of publishing:

    If the e-book is accessed via an e-book reader the reference format changes slightly:

    Author surname(s), initial(s). (Year Published). Title. Edition. E-book format [e-book


    reader]. Available at URL or DOI (Accessed: day month year)

    This includes information about the e-book format and reader, for instance this could be
    ‘Kindle e-book [e-book reader]’.

    E-Book Example:

    Mitchell, J.A., Thomson, M. and Coyne, R.P. (2017) A guide to citation. E-book


    library [online]. Available at: https://www.mendeley.com/reference-
    management/reference-manager (Accessed: 10 September 2016)

    How to Cite a Journal Article in Harvard Format

    The basic format to cite a journal article is:


    Journal Article Example

    Mitchell, J.A. ‘How citation changed the research world’, The Mendeley, 62(9), p70-81.

    Journal Article Online Example

    Mitchell, J.A. ‘How citation changed the research world’, The Mendeley, 62(9) [online].
    Available at:  https://www.mendeley.com/reference-management/reference-
    manager (Accessed: 15 November 2016)

    How to Cite a Newspaper Article in Harvard Format

    Citing a newspaper article is similar to citing a journal article except, instead of the
    volume and issue number, the edition and date of publication are needed:

    Author surname(s), initial(s). (Year) ‘Article Title’, Newspaper Title (edition), day month,

    page number(s).

    Note: edition is used only where applicable.

    Newspaper Article Example:

    Mitchell, J.A. (2017) ‘Changes to citation formats shake the research world’, The
    Mendeley Telegraph (Weekend edition), 6 July, pp.9-12.

    How to Cite an Online Journal or Newspaper Article in Harvard Format

    To cite an online journal or newspaper article, the page numbers section from the print
    journal or newspaper reference is swapped with the URL or DOI the article can be
    accessed from and when it was accessed. So the reference for an online journal article
    is:

    Author surname(s), initial(s). (Year) ‘Title of article’,  Title of journal,


    volume(issue/season) [online]. Available at: URL or DOI (Accessed: day month year)
    And the reference for an online newspaper article is:

    Author surname(s), initial(s). (Year) ‘Article Title’, Newspaper Title (edition), day month


    [online]. Available at: URL or DOI (Accessed: day month year)

    How to Cite Non-Print Material in Harvard Format

    How to Cite an Online Photograph in Harvard Format

    The basic format is as follows:

    Photograph surname, initial. (Year of publication) Title of photograph [online]. Available


    at: URL (Accessed: day month year)

    Online Photograph Example:

    Millais, J.E. (1851-1852) Ophelia [online]. Available


    at: www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/millais-ophelia-n01506 (Accessed: 21 June 2014)

    How to Cite a Film in Harvard Format

    The basic format to cite a film is:

    Film Example:

    Rear Window (1954) Directed by Alfred Hitchcock [Film]. Los Angeles: Paramount


    Pictures.

    How to Cite a TV Programme in Harvard Format

    The basic format for citing a TV programme is as follows:


    TV Programme Example:

    ‘Fly’ (2010) Breaking Bad, Series 2, episode 10. AMC, 23 May 2010.

    How to Cite Music in Harvard Format

    The basic format to cite an album is as follows:

    Music Example:

    Beyonce (2016) Lemonade [Visual Album] New York: Parkwood Records. Available


    at: https://www.beyonce.com/album/lemonade-visual-album/ (Accessed: 17 February
    2016).

    How to Cite a Website in Harvard Format

    The basic format to cite a website is:

    Author surname(s), initial(s). (Year of publishing)  Title of page/site [Online[. Available


    at: URL (Accessed: day month year)

    Website Example:

    Mitchell, J.A. (2017) How and when to reference [Online]. Available


    at: https://www.howandwhentoreference.com/ (Accessed: 27 May 2017)

    You might also like