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    Cognitive Distortions: Appendix 13

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    mardhiah
    The document outlines and describes 10 common cognitive distortions including all-or-nothing thinking, overgeneralization, jumping to conclusions, should statements, labeling and mislabeling, and personalization. Cognitive distortions are described as irrational thought patterns that can negatively skew one's perception of reality.

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    Cognitive Distortions: Appendix 13

    Uploaded by

    mardhiah
    23 views1 page
    The document outlines and describes 10 common cognitive distortions including all-or-nothing thinking, overgeneralization, jumping to conclusions, should statements, labeling and mislabeling, and personalization. Cognitive distortions are described as irrational thought patterns that can negatively skew one's perception of reality.

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    Distorsi cognitive

    Original Title

    APPENDIX 13

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    The document outlines and describes 10 common cognitive distortions including all-or-nothing thinking, overgeneralization, jumping to conclusions, should statements, labeling and mislabeling, and personalization. Cognitive distortions are described as irrational thought patterns that can negatively skew one's perception of reality.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    23 views1 page

    Cognitive Distortions: Appendix 13

    Uploaded by

    mardhiah
    The document outlines and describes 10 common cognitive distortions including all-or-nothing thinking, overgeneralization, jumping to conclusions, should statements, labeling and mislabeling, and personalization. Cognitive distortions are described as irrational thought patterns that can negatively skew one's perception of reality.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 1

    APPENDIX 13

    COGNITIVE DISTORTIONS

    1. All-or-Nothing Thinking: You see things in black and white categories. If


    your performance falls short of perfect, you see yourself as a total failure.
    2.0vergeneralization: You see a single negative event as a never-ending
    pattern.
    3. Mental Filter: You pick out a single negative detail and dwell on it exclusively,
    so that your vision of all reality becomes darkened, like the drop of
    ink that discolors the entire beaker of water.
    4. Disqualifying the Positive: You reject positive experiences by insisting they
    "don't count" for some reason or other. In this way you can maintain a negative
    belief that is contradicted by your everyday experiences.
    5. Jumping to Conclusions: You make a negative interpretation even though
    there are no definite facts that convincingly support your conclusion.
    a. Mind Reading. You arbitrarily conclude that someone is reacting negatively
    to you, and you don't bother to check this out.
    b. The Fortune-Teller Error. You anticipate that things will turn out
    badly, and you feel convinced that your prediction is an already established
    fact.
    From "You Feel the Way You Think" in Feeling Good: The New Mood Therapy by David D.
    Burns. New York: William Morrow, 1980; Signet Edition, 1981. Copyright © 1980 by
    David D. Burns. Reprinted by permission of the author and the publisher.

    6. Magnification (Catastrophizing) or Minimization: You exaggerate the


    importance of things (such as your goof-up or someone else's achievement),
    or you inappropriately shrink things until they appear tiny (your own desirable
    qualities or the other fellow's imperfections). This is also called the
    "binocular trick."
    7. Emotional Reasoning: You assume that your negative emotions necessarily
    reflect the way things really are: "1 feel it, therefore it must be true."
    8. "Should" Statements: You try to motivate yourself with "shoulds" and
    "shouldn'ts," as if you had to be whipped and punished before you could be
    expected to do anything. "Musts" and "oughts" are also offenders. The emotional
    consequence is guilt. When you direct "should" statements toward others,
    you feel anger, frustration, and resentment.
    9. Labeling and Mislabeling: This is an extreme form of overgeneralization.
    Instead of describing your error, you attach a negative label to yourself: ''I'm
    a loser." When someone else's behavior rubs you the wrong way, you attach
    a negative label onto him: "He's a goddam louse." Mislabeling involves
    describing an event with language that is highly colored and emotionally
    loaded.
    10. Personalization: You see yourself as the cause of some negative external event
    for which, in fact, you were not primarily responsible.

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