Section A Module 1 - Gathering and Processing Information 1. Read The Following Extract Carefully and Then Answer The Questions That Follow
Section A Module 1 - Gathering and Processing Information 1. Read The Following Extract Carefully and Then Answer The Questions That Follow
Section A Module 1 - Gathering and Processing Information 1. Read The Following Extract Carefully and Then Answer The Questions That Follow
SECTION A
MODULE 1 – GATHERING AND PROCESSING INFORMATION
1. Read the following extract carefully and then answer the questions that follow.
If you listen to the makers, hybrid cars are the best invention since sliced bread. While there are
many reasons to buy a hybrid car, including a new tax incentive for US owners, it helps to have a good
understanding of how they work.
What is a hybrid car? Basically, it’s a normal, fuel-efficient car that has two motors – an electric
motor and a gasoline-powered motor.
The reason for two motors is in the strengths and weaknesses of both types. Electric motors use
no energy during idle – they turn off – and use less than gas motors at low speeds. Gas motors do better at
high speeds and can deliver more power. That means that during stop-and-go driving the electric motor
works great and does not produce any exhaust. At higher speeds – above 65 kph – the gas motor kicks in
and gives that peppy feel many car owners look for when driving on the highway. Another benefit of
having the gas motor is that it charges the batteries while it’s running.
All this new technology comes at a price: a hybrid car is complex and expensive, so owners of
hybrids can expect more time in the shop and larger repair bills.
Much of the fuel efficiency comes from improvements in aerodynamics, weight reduction and a
smaller, less powerful gas engine.
Hybrid cars offer many green advantages as well. Even a small increase in fuel economy makes a
large difference in emissions over the life of the car. Also, in large cities where pollution is at its worst,
they make an even larger difference since they produce very low emission levels during low-speed city
driving and the inevitable traffic jams.
A hybrid cuts emissions by 25 per cent to 35 per cent over even the most fuel-efficient,
gas-powered models.
Experts think that, in the end, hybrids are probably a transition technology. Hydrogen or methane
fuel cell-powered cars are probably the cars of the future. As for the environment, there are many ways to
reduce emissions – using public transport, carpooling, riding a bicycle and even walking. Even just
buying a smaller, fuel-efficient car makes a big difference.
Adapted from Philip Dunn,
http://www.physorg.com/news10031.html
Copyright 2006 PhysOrg.com.