Iata Cabin Operations Safety Best Practices Guide Ed6

Introduction
Section 1: Introduction .......................................................................................................................................................................14

1.1 Foreword ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 14
1.2 Summary of changes...................................................................................................................................................................... 14
1.3 Definitions........................................................................................................................................................................................... 15
1.4 Abbreviations .................................................................................................................................................................................... 17
1.5 Cabin Operations Safety Best Practices Guide .................................................................................................................... 22
Section 2: IATA Cabin Safety ............................................................................................................................................................23
2.1 IATA Cabin Safety Initiatives........................................................................................................................................................ 23
2.1.1 Cabin Safety Extranet Site ...................................................................................................................................................... 23
2.1.2 Cabin Operations Safety Conference ................................................................................................................................. 23
2.1.3 Cabin Safety Guidelines ........................................................................................................................................................... 24
2.1.4 Health and Safety Guidelines ................................................................................................................................................. 24
2.1.5 Cabin Safety Data and Analysis............................................................................................................................................. 24
2.1.6 IATA Cabin Operations Safety Technical Group (COSTG)........................................................................................... 25
2.1.7 IATA Operational Safety Audit (IOSA) ................................................................................................................................. 26
Section 3: Safety Management ........................................................................................................................................................27
3.1 Safety Management System (SMS) in Cabin Operations .................................................................................................. 27
3.2 Cabin Safety Action Group ........................................................................................................................................................... 28
3.3 SMS Training...................................................................................................................................................................................... 29
3.4 Safety Risk Management .............................................................................................................................................................. 29
3.4.1 Risk Assessments in Cabin Operations ............................................................................................................................. 30
3.4.2 Risk Assessment Process ....................................................................................................................................................... 30
3.4.3 Risk Register................................................................................................................................................................................. 34
3.4.4 Risk Assessments in Cabin Layout Design and Selection........................................................................................... 36
3.4.5 Safety Performance Measurement...................................................................................................................................... 41
3.5 Safety Reporting .............................................................................................................................................................................. 46
3.5.1 Characteristics of Effective Reports ................................................................................................................................... 46
3.5.2 Process Flow ................................................................................................................................................................................ 50
3.5.3 Submission of Reports ............................................................................................................................................................. 50
3.5.4 Evaluation and Classification of a Report .......................................................................................................................... 51
3.5.5 Closure of Reports ..................................................................................................................................................................... 65
3.5.6 The Value of Effective Cabin Safety Reports ................................................................................................................... 65
3.6 Line Operations Safety Audit (LOSA) – Cabin ........................................................................................................................ 65
3.6.1 Potential threats.......................................................................................................................................................................... 66
3.6.2 Who should carry out LOSA inspections ........................................................................................................................... 69
3.6.3 Methods of conducting LOSA ............................................................................................................................................... 69
3.6.4 Examples of Observations ...................................................................................................................................................... 71
3.6.5 Example Cabin LOSA checklist ............................................................................................................................................. 72
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Cabin Operations Safety Best Practices Guide
3.6.6 Post Audit ......................................................................................................................................................................................73

3.7 Safety Promotion .............................................................................................................................................................................74
3.7.1 Cabin Crew Discussions During Training ...........................................................................................................................74
3.7.2 Meeting Inbound Crew on Return to Base .........................................................................................................................74
3.7.3 Meeting Outbound Crew at Crew Report Centers ..........................................................................................................74
3.7.4 Newsletters ...................................................................................................................................................................................74
3.7.5 Specific Targeted Campaigns................................................................................................................................................75
3.8 Operations Manual ...........................................................................................................................................................................76
3.8.1 Practical Manual ..........................................................................................................................................................................77
3.8.2 IOSA Table 5.1 – Operations Manual Content Specifications ....................................................................................78
3.9 Document Control ...........................................................................................................................................................................79
Section 4: Fatigue Risk Management .............................................................................................................................................80
4.1 Definition of Fatigue ........................................................................................................................................................................80
4.1.1 Transient Fatigue ........................................................................................................................................................................80
4.1.2 Cumulative Fatigue .....................................................................................................................................................................80
4.2 Fatigue Risk Management System (FRMS) .............................................................................................................................80
4.2.1 Stakeholders ................................................................................................................................................................................81
4.2.2 Components of a FRMS ............................................................................................................................................................81
4.2.3 Fatigue Management Guide for Airline Operators ..........................................................................................................82
4.2.4 FRMS Policy and Documentation..........................................................................................................................................82
4.2.5 Fatigue Safety Action Group...................................................................................................................................................82
4.2.6 Fatigue Risk Management Processes .................................................................................................................................82
4.2.7 FRMS Promotion Processes ...................................................................................................................................................84
4.2.8 FRMS Training for Operators ..................................................................................................................................................84
4.3 Cabin Crew Fatigue .........................................................................................................................................................................85
4.3.1 Sleep ................................................................................................................................................................................................85
4.3.2 Contributory Factors .................................................................................................................................................................85
4.3.3 Symptoms and Effects of Fatigue ........................................................................................................................................86
4.3.4 Fatigue Preventive Strategies ................................................................................................................................................86
4.3.5 Personal Mitigation Strategies ...............................................................................................................................................87
4.3.6 IMSAFE ...........................................................................................................................................................................................87
4.3.7 Flight Time, Flight Duty Periods and Rest Periods ..........................................................................................................87
Section 5: Cabin Crew .........................................................................................................................................................................89
5.1 Number and Composition of Cabin Crew ................................................................................................................................89
5.1.1 Cabin Crew Safety Responsibilities .....................................................................................................................................89
5.1.2 Senior Cabin Crewmember .....................................................................................................................................................90
5.1.3 Other Cabin Crew........................................................................................................................................................................90
5.2 Cabin Crew Qualifications .............................................................................................................................................................90
2 6th Edition 2020

Introduction
5.3 Cabin Crew Uniforms ...................................................................................................................................................................... 91

5.4 Cabin Crew Medical Standards................................................................................................................................................... 92
5.4.1 Aeromedical Assessment ....................................................................................................................................................... 92
5.4.2 Alcohol, Drugs and Medication.............................................................................................................................................. 92
5.5 Media and Social Media Policy .................................................................................................................................................... 92
5.6 Human Factors ................................................................................................................................................................................. 93
5.6.1 Human Factors Training ........................................................................................................................................................... 93
5.7 Crew Resource Management (CRM) ......................................................................................................................................... 94
5.7.1 CRM Training ................................................................................................................................................................................ 94
5.8 Threat and Error Management (TEM)........................................................................................................................................ 95
5.8.1 Threat and Error Management Framework ....................................................................................................................... 96
5.9 Cabin Crew Training ........................................................................................................................................................................ 99
5.9.1 Training Records.......................................................................................................................................................................100
5.9.2 Competency-based Training ...............................................................................................................................................100
Section 6: Communication .............................................................................................................................................................. 101
6.1 Authority Definitions .....................................................................................................................................................................101
6.2 Chain of Command........................................................................................................................................................................101
6.3 Common Language.......................................................................................................................................................................102
6.4 Signals and Commands ...............................................................................................................................................................102
6.5 Read-Back Instructions ...............................................................................................................................................................103
6.6 Cooperation and Coordination .................................................................................................................................................103
Section 7: Operator Policies .......................................................................................................................................................... 104
7.1 In-flight Entertainment (IFE) Systems .....................................................................................................................................104
7.2 Personal Transportation Devices ............................................................................................................................................104
7.2.1 Operators’ Experience and Risk Assessment of PTDs ...............................................................................................105
7.2.2 Recommendations regarding PTDs ..................................................................................................................................105
7.3 Portable Electronic Devices (PEDs) .......................................................................................................................................106
7.3.1 Transmitting and Non-transmitting Electronic Devices .............................................................................................106
7.3.2 Aircraft Fitted With On-Board Connectivity ....................................................................................................................106
7.3.3 Use of Portable Electronic Devices on Board ................................................................................................................107
7.3.4 Risk Assessment & Management - PEDs.........................................................................................................................108
7.3.5 Permitted, Restricted and Prohibited Portable Electronic Devices .......................................................................109
7.3.6 Medical Portable Electronic Devices ................................................................................................................................110
7.3.7 Monitoring PED Use in the Cabin ........................................................................................................................................110
7.3.8 Passenger Awareness of PED Policy ................................................................................................................................111
7.3.9 Low-Visibility Operations.......................................................................................................................................................111
7.3.10 Suspected Electromagnetic Interference Report ........................................................................................................111
7.3.11 Publication of PED policy .......................................................................................................................................................112
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7.3.12 Cabin Crew Training ................................................................................................................................................................ 112

7.3.13 PEDs Supplied By the Operator .......................................................................................................................................... 113
7.4 Non-certified Comfort Devices ................................................................................................................................................ 115
7.4.1 Risk Assessment – Non-certified Comfort Devices .................................................................................................... 116
7.4.2 Decision Tool – Comfort Devices ...................................................................................................................................... 117
7.5 Onboard Smoking Policy ............................................................................................................................................................ 118
7.5.1 Electronic Cigarettes and Vaping Devices ..................................................................................................................... 118
7.6 Carry-On Baggage ........................................................................................................................................................................ 119
7.6.1 Contents of Carry-on Baggage........................................................................................................................................... 119
7.6.2 Risk Assessment – Carry-on Baggage ............................................................................................................................. 121
7.6.3 Carry-on Baggage Allowance .............................................................................................................................................. 122
7.6.4 Identification of Carry-on Baggage ................................................................................................................................... 123
7.6.5 Excess Carry-on Baggage .................................................................................................................................................... 123
7.6.6 Passenger Awareness of Carry-on Baggage ................................................................................................................ 123
7.6.7 Responsibilities......................................................................................................................................................................... 124
7.6.8 Oversized, Fragile and Special Articles............................................................................................................................ 125
7.7 Smart luggage ................................................................................................................................................................................ 125
7.7.1 Smart Luggage with Integrated Lithium Batteries ....................................................................................................... 126
7.7.2 Smart Luggage with Integrated Active Devices ........................................................................................................... 126
7.7.3 Quick Reference ....................................................................................................................................................................... 127
7.7.4 Recommendations for Operators ...................................................................................................................................... 128
7.7.5 Smart luggage firefighting procedures............................................................................................................................ 128
7.7.6 Safety Risk Assessment – Smart Luggage ..................................................................................................................... 129
7.8 Lithium Batteries............................................................................................................................................................................ 129
7.8.1 Permitted carriage of Electronic Devices Containing Lithium Batteries ............................................................. 130
7.8.2 Damaged or Faulty Lithium Batteries ............................................................................................................................... 132
7.8.3 Carriage without Prior Approval of the Operator ......................................................................................................... 132
7.8.4 Carriage with Prior Approval of the Operator ................................................................................................................ 132
7.8.5 Risk Assessment - Lithium Batteries ................................................................................................................................ 133
7.8.6 Passenger Awareness of Lithium Batteries ................................................................................................................... 134
7.9 Pets in the Passenger Cabin ..................................................................................................................................................... 135
7.10 Expectant Mothers ....................................................................................................................................................................... 135
7.11 Passengers of Size ....................................................................................................................................................................... 136
7.12 Non-discrimination ....................................................................................................................................................................... 136
Section 8: Carriage of Special Category Passengers ........................................................................................................... 137
8.1 Deportees, Prisoners, Persons in Custody and under Administrative Control ...................................................... 137
8.1.1 Determination of requirement for an escort .................................................................................................................. 138
8.1.2 Procedures for carriage without an escort..................................................................................................................... 138
4 6th Edition 2020

Introduction
8.1.3 Procedures for carriage with an escort ............................................................................................................................138

8.1.4 General guidance for the transport of persons in lawful custody, persons under arrest, or convicted criminals
under escort ................................................................................................................................................................................................139
8.2 Unaccompanied Minors ..............................................................................................................................................................140
8.2.1 Risk Assessment – Unaccompanied Minors ..................................................................................................................140
8.2.2 Tracking of Unaccompanied Minors .................................................................................................................................140
8.2.3 Care of Unaccompanied Minors on board ......................................................................................................................141
8.3 Passengers with children ............................................................................................................................................................141
8.4 Passengers with infants ..............................................................................................................................................................142
8.4.1 Infants reaching two years of age within the validity of ticket .................................................................................142
8.4.2 Bassinets and infant floatation equipment......................................................................................................................142
8.5 Child and infant restraints ...........................................................................................................................................................142
8.5.1 Infant Restraint ..........................................................................................................................................................................143
8.5.2 Child Restraint ...........................................................................................................................................................................143
8.5.3 Policies and Procedures ........................................................................................................................................................143
8.5.4 Permitted Locations in the Cabin .......................................................................................................................................143
8.5.5 Awareness of Policy ................................................................................................................................................................144
8.6 Passengers with Reduced Mobility .........................................................................................................................................145
8.6.1 Categories and Codes ............................................................................................................................................................145
8.6.2 Boarding and Disembarking .................................................................................................................................................146
8.6.3 Maximum Number and Requirement for Assistants ....................................................................................................146
8.6.4 Evacuation Procedure ............................................................................................................................................................147
8.6.5 Seating .........................................................................................................................................................................................147
8.6.6 Accessible Lavatories.............................................................................................................................................................147
8.7 Individual Safety Briefings ..........................................................................................................................................................147
8.8 Incapacitated Passengers ..........................................................................................................................................................148
8.8.1 Medical Clearance ....................................................................................................................................................................148
8.8.2 Refusal or Removal of Incapacitated Passengers ........................................................................................................148
8.8.3 Disembarkation of Incapacitated Passengers...............................................................................................................148
8.8.4 Transit of Incapacitated Passengers ................................................................................................................................148
8.8.5 Group Travel ...............................................................................................................................................................................149
8.8.6 Medical Information Form .....................................................................................................................................................149
8.8.7 Frequent Traveler’s Medical Card ......................................................................................................................................149
8.9 Medical Equipment ........................................................................................................................................................................149
8.9.1 Wheelchairs ................................................................................................................................................................................149
8.9.2 Oxygen .........................................................................................................................................................................................150
8.9.3 Stretchers ...................................................................................................................................................................................150
8.9.4 Loading of Special Equipment .............................................................................................................................................150
8.9.5 Mobility Aids ...............................................................................................................................................................................150
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8.10 Service Animals ............................................................................................................................................................................. 151

8.10.1 Emotional Support or Psychiatric Service Animals ..................................................................................................... 151
Section 9: Safety Equipment and Systems ............................................................................................................................... 152
9.1 Preflight Checks ............................................................................................................................................................................ 152
9.2 Usage of Equipment ..................................................................................................................................................................... 153
9.3 Axes.................................................................................................................................................................................................... 153
9.4 Bassinets .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 154
9.5 Cabin Crew Stations ..................................................................................................................................................................... 154
9.6 Cabin Crew High-visibility Outerwear .................................................................................................................................... 154
9.7 Doors and Exits .............................................................................................................................................................................. 155
9.8 Emergency Lighting ..................................................................................................................................................................... 156
9.9 Emergency Locator Transmitters ........................................................................................................................................... 156
9.10 Hand-held Fire Extinguishers .................................................................................................................................................... 157
9.11 Automatic Fire Extinguishers .................................................................................................................................................... 157
9.12 Non-mandatory Firefighting Equipment ............................................................................................................................... 158
9.13 Fixed Oxygen Systems................................................................................................................................................................ 158
9.14 Flashlights ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 158
9.15 Life Vests/Jackets and Floatation Devices ......................................................................................................................... 159
9.15.1 Distribution of infant floatation devices........................................................................................................................... 159
9.16 Megaphones ................................................................................................................................................................................... 160
9.17 Passenger Address System ...................................................................................................................................................... 160
9.18 Passenger Safety Information Cards ..................................................................................................................................... 160
9.18.1 Design and Location ............................................................................................................................................................... 160
9.19 Passenger Seats............................................................................................................................................................................ 161
9.20 Seatbelts .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 162
9.20.1 “Y Fixing” Seatbelts ................................................................................................................................................................. 162
9.20.2 Airbag Seatbelts ....................................................................................................................................................................... 162
9.20.3 Three-point Seatbelts ............................................................................................................................................................ 162
9.20.4 Extension Seatbelts ................................................................................................................................................................ 162
9.20.5 Cabin Crew Seat Harness ..................................................................................................................................................... 162
9.21 Portable Oxygen Bottles............................................................................................................................................................. 163
9.22 Protective Breathing Equipment.............................................................................................................................................. 163
9.23 Restraining Devices for Unruly Passengers ........................................................................................................................ 163
9.24 Safety Demonstration Kits ......................................................................................................................................................... 164
9.25 Slides, Slide/Rafts and Life Rafts ............................................................................................................................................. 164
9.26 Emergency/Survival Equipment............................................................................................................................................... 165
9.27 Smoke Detectors .......................................................................................................................................................................... 165
Section 10: Aircraft Door Safety ................................................................................................................................................ 166
6 6th Edition 2020

Introduction
10.1 Risk Assessment – Door Procedures .....................................................................................................................................166

10.2 Operation of Aircraft Doors .......................................................................................................................................................167
10.2.1 Door Operation Policy ............................................................................................................................................................167
10.2.2 Cabin Crew Door Operating Responsibilities .................................................................................................................168
10.2.3 Departure - Door closing .......................................................................................................................................................168
10.2.4 Preparing Doors for Departure ............................................................................................................................................168
10.2.5 Preparing Doors for Arrival ...................................................................................................................................................169
10.2.6 Arrival – Door Opening............................................................................................................................................................169
10.2.7 Signals ..........................................................................................................................................................................................170
10.3 Removal of Ground Equipment from Aircraft Cabin Doors ............................................................................................170
10.4 Inadvertent Slide Deployment ..................................................................................................................................................171
10.4.1 Communication and coordination ......................................................................................................................................171
10.4.2 Stop Drop Review .....................................................................................................................................................................173
10.4.3 Cross Check Procedures ......................................................................................................................................................174
10.4.4 Reopening Of Cabin Doors ...................................................................................................................................................174
10.4.5 Door operation with a door checker ..................................................................................................................................174
10.4.6 Threat and Error Management in Slide Deployment ...................................................................................................175
10.4.7 Establishment of memory aids ............................................................................................................................................175
10.4.8 Door Armed Warning Systems ............................................................................................................................................176
Section 11: Preflight ....................................................................................................................................................................... 177
11.1 Crew Briefings .................................................................................................................................................................................177
11.1.1 Journey Briefing between Flight Crew and Cabin Crew .............................................................................................177
11.1.2 Safety Briefing of Cabin Crew ..............................................................................................................................................178
11.1.3 Service Briefing of Cabin Crew ............................................................................................................................................178
11.2 Aircraft Protection and Access Control of Restricted Areas.........................................................................................178
11.2.1 Cabin Inspectors.......................................................................................................................................................................179
11.3 Security Search/Checks .............................................................................................................................................................179
11.3.1 Baggage Identification Check..............................................................................................................................................180
11.4 Safety Equipment Check.............................................................................................................................................................180
11.5 Galley Checks..................................................................................................................................................................................181
11.5.1 Reporting Defective Galley Equipment ............................................................................................................................181
11.6 Communication with Ground Staff ..........................................................................................................................................181
11.7 Passenger Information List (PIL) ..............................................................................................................................................181
11.8 Cabin Crew Positions for Boarding .........................................................................................................................................181
11.9 Passenger Seating ........................................................................................................................................................................182
11.9.1 Risk Assessment - Use of Crew Seats by Passengers ...............................................................................................182
11.10 Passenger Count ...........................................................................................................................................................................182
11.10.1 Discrepancies ............................................................................................................................................................................182
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11.11 Fueling with Passengers Embarking, On Board or Disembarking................................................................................ 183

11.12 Ordinance Signs ............................................................................................................................................................................ 184
11.12.1 No Smoking Sign ...................................................................................................................................................................... 184
11.12.2 Fasten Seatbelt Sign............................................................................................................................................................... 184
11.12.3 Portable Electronic Device Sign ......................................................................................................................................... 184
11.13 Passenger Safety Briefing.......................................................................................................................................................... 184
11.13.1 Safety Announcements ......................................................................................................................................................... 185
11.13.2 Briefing of Passengers Seated Adjacent to Self-help Exits ..................................................................................... 186
11.14 Cabin Service on the Ground in the Event of a Delay....................................................................................................... 187
11.15 Deicing and Anti-icing.................................................................................................................................................................. 187
Section 12: Departure.................................................................................................................................................................... 188
12.1 Preparation for Aircraft Movement......................................................................................................................................... 188
12.2 Preparation of Doors for Departure ....................................................................................................................................... 188
12.3 Cabin Secure Check..................................................................................................................................................................... 188
12.4 Cabin Crew Seated for Departure ........................................................................................................................................... 189
12.5 Takeoff Signal ................................................................................................................................................................................. 189
12.6 Silent Review ................................................................................................................................................................................... 189
12.7 Sterile Flight Deck ......................................................................................................................................................................... 191
12.8 Entering and Leaving the Flight Deck .................................................................................................................................... 191
Section 13: In Flight ........................................................................................................................................................................ 193
13.1 Cabin Services ............................................................................................................................................................................... 193
13.1.1 Service of Hot Beverages ..................................................................................................................................................... 193
13.2 Monitoring the Cabin.................................................................................................................................................................... 194
13.3 Galley Safety ................................................................................................................................................................................... 195
13.3.1 Use of Galley Equipment ....................................................................................................................................................... 195
13.3.2 Liquid Spillage from Galley Rubbish Bins and Drains .................................................................................................. 195
13.3.3 Use of Dry Ice ............................................................................................................................................................................ 196
13.3.4 Circuit Breakers ........................................................................................................................................................................ 197
13.4 Service to Flight Crew.................................................................................................................................................................. 197
13.5 Service of Alcohol ......................................................................................................................................................................... 198
13.5.1 Cabin Crew Response to Signs of Intoxication ............................................................................................................. 199
13.6 Turbulence ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 199
13.6.1 IATA’s Turbulence Aware Platform.................................................................................................................................... 200
13.6.2 Risk Assessment – Turbulence ........................................................................................................................................... 200
13.6.3 Levels of Turbulence .............................................................................................................................................................. 201
13.6.4 Causes of turbulence ............................................................................................................................................................. 201
13.6.5 Proactive Fasten Seat Belt Policy ...................................................................................................................................... 202
13.6.6 Communication ........................................................................................................................................................................ 202
8 6th Edition 2020

Introduction
13.6.7 Anticipated turbulence ...........................................................................................................................................................202

13.6.8 Unanticipated turbulence ......................................................................................................................................................202
13.6.9 Cabin Crew Response ............................................................................................................................................................202
13.6.10 Turbulence reporting ..............................................................................................................................................................204
13.7 Dangerous Goods..........................................................................................................................................................................205
Section 14: Descent and Landing .............................................................................................................................................. 206
14.1 Descent .............................................................................................................................................................................................206
14.2 Passenger Briefing Prior to Landing .......................................................................................................................................206
14.3 Return of Coats, Jackets and Other Clothing......................................................................................................................206
14.4 Pre-landing Cabin Secure Checks...........................................................................................................................................206
14.5 Descent and Landing Signals ....................................................................................................................................................206
14.6 Cabin Crew Seated for Landing and Arrival .........................................................................................................................206
Section 15: Arrival ........................................................................................................................................................................... 207
15.1 Preparation of Doors for Arrival................................................................................................................................................207
15.2 Door Opening ..................................................................................................................................................................................207
15.3 Passenger Disembarkation ........................................................................................................................................................207
15.4 Post disembarkation .....................................................................................................................................................................207
Section 16: Abnormal and Emergency Procedures ............................................................................................................ 208
16.1 Management of Emergencies ...................................................................................................................................................208
16.1.1 Levels of Stress.........................................................................................................................................................................208
16.1.2 Landing Categories .................................................................................................................................................................208
16.1.3 Unplanned and Planned Emergencies ..............................................................................................................................208
16.1.4 Urgent Communication ..........................................................................................................................................................208
16.1.5 Managing Filming During Emergencies ............................................................................................................................208
16.2 Crewmember Incapacitation .....................................................................................................................................................209
16.2.1 Flight Crew Incapacitation .....................................................................................................................................................209
16.2.2 Suggested Cabin Crew Incapacitation Drill ....................................................................................................................210
16.3 Cabin Pressurization .....................................................................................................................................................................210
16.3.1 Non-pressurization ..................................................................................................................................................................210
16.3.2 Depressurization.......................................................................................................................................................................210
16.3.3 Hypoxia.........................................................................................................................................................................................211
16.3.4 Guidance for Depressurization Procedures ...................................................................................................................212
16.3.5 Suggested Cabin Crew Depressurization Drill ...............................................................................................................213
16.4 Rapid Deplaning .............................................................................................................................................................................213
16.4.1 Suggested Cabin Crew Rapid Deplaning Drill ................................................................................................................214
16.5 Emergency Evacuations..............................................................................................................................................................214
16.5.1 Initiating Evacuation ................................................................................................................................................................215
16.5.2 Unplanned Emergency Evacuation ....................................................................................................................................215
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16.5.3 Planned Emergency Evacuation ......................................................................................................................................... 215

16.5.4 The Brace Position .................................................................................................................................................................. 218
16.5.5 Suggested Cabin Crew Drill – Emergency Evacuation ............................................................................................... 221
16.5.6 Carry-on Baggage during an Evacuation ........................................................................................................................ 221
16.5.7 The Effect of Smoke and Fire during Evacuation ......................................................................................................... 222
16.5.8 Slide Evacuation with Infants and Young Children....................................................................................................... 222
16.5.9 Passenger Commands during an Emergency ............................................................................................................... 223
16.5.10 Aircraft Rescue and Firefighting Signals ......................................................................................................................... 225
16.5.11 Evacuation of Cabin Crew ..................................................................................................................................................... 226
16.5.12 Post-evacuation ....................................................................................................................................................................... 226
16.5.13 Ditching ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 227
16.6 Fire ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 228
16.6.1 Prevention and Early Detection .......................................................................................................................................... 228
16.6.2 Smoke and Burning Odors.................................................................................................................................................... 229
16.6.3 Hidden Fires ............................................................................................................................................................................... 230
16.6.4 Fighting a Fire ............................................................................................................................................................................ 231
16.6.5 Lithium Battery Fires ............................................................................................................................................................... 232
16.7 Cabin Fume Events ....................................................................................................................................................................... 234
16.8 Escaped Animals in the Cabin .................................................................................................................................................. 235
16.8.1 Prevention .................................................................................................................................................................................. 235
16.8.2 Indicators .................................................................................................................................................................................... 235
16.8.3 Assessment ............................................................................................................................................................................... 235
16.8.4 Potential Hazards and Suggested Containment Method .......................................................................................... 236
16.8.5 Suggested Cabin Crew Drill – Escaped Wildlife Inflight ............................................................................................. 236
Section 17: Security ....................................................................................................................................................................... 237
17.1 IATA Security Management Systems Manual ..................................................................................................................... 237
17.2 Liquids, Aerosols and Gels (LAGs) .......................................................................................................................................... 237
17.2.1 Medical and Special Dietary Requirements.................................................................................................................... 238
17.2.2 LAGS Purchased as Duty Free ............................................................................................................................................ 238
17.3 Powders ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 238
17.4 Suspicious Items Discovered Onboard ................................................................................................................................ 239
17.4.1 Suspected Improvised Explosive Device (IED).............................................................................................................. 239
17.4.2 Suspected Chemical, Biological or Radioactive (CBR) device ................................................................................. 239
17.5 Reinforced Flight Deck Door ..................................................................................................................................................... 239
17.6 Unruly Passengers ........................................................................................................................................................................ 240
17.6.1 Company Policy........................................................................................................................................................................ 240
17.6.2 Levels of Threat ........................................................................................................................................................................ 242
17.6.3 Contributing factors................................................................................................................................................................ 244
10 6th Edition 2020

Introduction
17.6.4 Preventative Measures...........................................................................................................................................................244

17.6.5 Identification of and Response to Unruly/Disruptive Passengers ..........................................................................246
17.6.6 Warning Cards ...........................................................................................................................................................................248
17.6.7 Restraining Devices .................................................................................................................................................................249
17.6.8 Post incident ..............................................................................................................................................................................249
17.6.9 Legal Aspects ............................................................................................................................................................................249
17.6.10 Police Involvement...................................................................................................................................................................250
17.6.11 The Role of the Pilot-in-Command .....................................................................................................................................251
17.6.12 Reporting of Incidents and Required Documentation for Prosecution ................................................................251
17.7 Trafficking in Persons...................................................................................................................................................................252
17.7.1 The Role of Aviation in the Fight against Human Trafficking ....................................................................................252
17.8 Theft on Board ................................................................................................................................................................................252
17.8.1 On the ground ............................................................................................................................................................................253
17.8.2 In the Air .......................................................................................................................................................................................253
17.9 Crew Protection During Layovers............................................................................................................................................254
17.9.1 Civil Unrest, Major Incidents and Terrorist Attacks......................................................................................................255
Section 18: Health and Medical Care On Board .................................................................................................................... 256
18.1 Cabin Insect Extermination (Disinsectization/Disinsecting) ...........................................................................................256
18.1.1 Method 1: Preflight and top of descent combined.......................................................................................................256
18.1.2 Method 2: Blocks Away ..........................................................................................................................................................256
18.1.3 Method 3: Residual...................................................................................................................................................................256
18.1.4 Proof of Disinsecting/Disinsectization .............................................................................................................................256
18.1.5 Risk Assessment – Disinsecting/Disinsectization ........................................................................................................257
18.2 Medical Care Policy .......................................................................................................................................................................257
18.3 Passive Screening of Passengers ...........................................................................................................................................258
18.4 Medical Event Process ................................................................................................................................................................259
18.5 Reporting of Medical Incidents .................................................................................................................................................259
18.6 When to Cease Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) ...................................................................................................260
18.7 Handling of a Death on Board ....................................................................................................................................................260
18.8 Carriage of Medical Portable Electronic Devices (MPEDs).............................................................................................261
18.8.1 Airway Pressure Devices .......................................................................................................................................................261
18.8.2 Portable Oxygen Concentrators .........................................................................................................................................261
18.8.3 Acceptance and Use of MPEDs ..........................................................................................................................................261
18.9 Emergency Equipment and Supplies......................................................................................................................................261
18.9.1 First Aid Kits................................................................................................................................................................................261
18.9.2 Medical Kit ...................................................................................................................................................................................262
18.9.3 Universal Precaution Kits.......................................................................................................................................................262
18.9.4 Automatic External Defibrillators ........................................................................................................................................262
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18.9.5 Survival Equipment.................................................................................................................................................................. 263

18.10 Training ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 263
18.11 Cabin Crew Manual ....................................................................................................................................................................... 263
18.12 Cabin Crew Protection ................................................................................................................................................................ 263
18.13 Crew Immunization ....................................................................................................................................................................... 263
18.14 Carriage of Passengers with Communicable Diseases .................................................................................................. 263
Section 19: Food and Hygiene .................................................................................................................................................... 264
19.1 Acceptance of Catering Supplies on Aircraft ..................................................................................................................... 264
19.2 Crew Service Briefings ................................................................................................................................................................ 264
19.3 Hygiene and Sanitation ............................................................................................................................................................... 264
19.3.1 Risks and Prevention .............................................................................................................................................................. 264
19.3.2 Personal Hygiene ..................................................................................................................................................................... 265
19.3.3 Galley Equipment ..................................................................................................................................................................... 265
19.3.4 Special Cleaning ....................................................................................................................................................................... 266
19.4 Food Safety ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 266
19.4.1 Adequate Temperature ......................................................................................................................................................... 266
19.4.2 Keeping Food at the Correct Temperature .................................................................................................................... 266
19.4.3 Heating Process ....................................................................................................................................................................... 267
19.4.4 Insects and Foreign Objects ................................................................................................................................................ 267
19.5 Suspected Food Poisoning ....................................................................................................................................................... 267
19.6 Allergen Management ................................................................................................................................................................. 267
19.7 Special Meals .................................................................................................................................................................................. 268
19.8 Potable Water and Ice ................................................................................................................................................................. 268
19.8.1 IATA Drinking-Water Quality Pool ...................................................................................................................................... 269
19.9 Feedback from Passengers and Crew .................................................................................................................................. 269
19.10 Reporting of Service Delivery Irregularities ......................................................................................................................... 269
Section 20: References and Appendices ............................................................................................................................... 270
20.1 Phonetic Alphabet ........................................................................................................................................................................ 270
20.2 References ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 270
20.2.1 Expanded use of PEDs ........................................................................................................................................................... 270
20.2.2 Electronic cigarettes .............................................................................................................................................................. 271
20.2.3 Evacuation .................................................................................................................................................................................. 271
20.2.4 Lithium Batteries ...................................................................................................................................................................... 271
20.3 Related Organizations ................................................................................................................................................................. 272
Appendix A – Example Risk Assessment Template .......................................................................................................................... 274
Appendix B – Risk Assessment examples ............................................................................................................................................ 275
Appendix B1 – Example Risk Assessment – Change in Carry-on Baggage Policy................................................................. 276
Appendix B2 – Example Risk Assessment – Virtual Reality Inflight Entertainment ................................................................ 278
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Introduction
Appendix B3 – Example Risk Assessment – Inflatable Child Comfort Devices........................................................................281

Appendix B4 – Example Risk Assessment – Introduction of Cabin EFB .....................................................................................283
Appendix B5 – Example Risk Assessment - Turbulence ..................................................................................................................285
Appendix B6– Example Risk Assessment – Slide descent training ..............................................................................................288
Appendix B7– Example Risk Assessment – Use of crew seats by persons other than cabin crew ..................................290
Appendix C – Cabin Crew Checklist for Fires Involving Batteries and Portable Electronic Devices (PED) ....................292
Appendix D – Amplified Cabin Crew Checklist for Fires Involving Batteries and Portable Electronic Devices ...........295
Appendix E – Sample Fatigue Report Form for Cabin Crew ............................................................................................................301
Appendix F – Sample Unruly Passenger Policy ...................................................................................................................................303
Appendix G - Sample Airline Violation Warning ...................................................................................................................................306
Appendix H - Sample Passenger Notification Card ...........................................................................................................................307
Appendix I– Sample Unruly Passenger Incident Report ...................................................................................................................308
Appendix J – Sample Briefing to Authorities Cards ...........................................................................................................................312
6th Edition 2020 13

Iata Cabin Operations Safety Best Practices Guide Ed6

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Introduction

Section 1: Introduction .......................................................................................................................................................................14

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3.6.6 Post Audit ......................................................................................................................................................................................73

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5.3 Cabin Crew Uniforms ...................................................................................................................................................................... 91

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7.3.12 Cabin Crew Training ................................................................................................................................................................ 112

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8.1.3 Procedures for carriage with an escort ............................................................................................................................138

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8.10 Service Animals ............................................................................................................................................................................. 151

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10.1 Risk Assessment – Door Procedures .....................................................................................................................................166

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11.11 Fueling with Passengers Embarking, On Board or Disembarking................................................................................ 183

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13.6.7 Anticipated turbulence ...........................................................................................................................................................202

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16.5.3 Planned Emergency Evacuation ......................................................................................................................................... 215

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17.6.4 Preventative Measures...........................................................................................................................................................244

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18.9.5 Survival Equipment.................................................................................................................................................................. 263

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Appendix B3 – Example Risk Assessment – Inflatable Child Comfort Devices........................................................................281

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