10

Science
Quarter 1 – Module 4
MAP OF THE EARTQUAKE
DISTRIBUTION
Science – Grade 10
Quarter 1 – Module 1: Title

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of
the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office
wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such
agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this book are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort
has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective
copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them.

Regional Director: Gilbert T. Sadsad

Assistant Regional Director: Jessie L. Amin

Development Team of the Module

Writer: CHONA R. DE LIMA

Editors: HELEN Z. CORNELIO

LOURDES P. CASTROVERDE
MYLA ANN A. BERNALES
MARLON A. MARMOL
MARISOL D. ANDRADA

Reviewer: JEZRAHEL T. OMADTO

Consultant: HELEN Z. CORNELIO

Layout Artists: MYLA ANN A. BERNALES

RAYMOND T. TORALDE
 MOST ESSENTIAL
LEARNING
COMPETENCY

Describe the distribution of

Active Volcanoes, Earthquake
Epicenters and Major Mountain
Belts
 Supplementary Learning Module for Junior High School Learners

Lesson
MAP OF EARTHQUAKE DISTRIBUTION

Earthquakes have shaped the face of the earth especially in creating land and
sea formations, both of which had activities that are sometimes destructive to our
communities.

YOUR TARGET

Hi! I am teacher Carla and I will help you with this

discussion. Have fun learning!

This module will help you understand

concepts and enjoy different learning
activities.

At the end of this module, it is expected that

you be able to:

http://clipart-library.com/teacher-clipartstransparent.html

TRY THIS

Directions: Answer the given question, how

necessary is it for us to know about
earthquakes, its nature, its effects, and its
origins?

_
Image Source: Retreived from
https://www.britannica.com/event/Japan-
earthquake-and-tsunami-of-2011/Aftermath-of-
the-disaster
 DO IT!

Directions: Answer the following questions:

1. Why do you think are there infrequent earthquakes to some parts of the world
while there are highly active seismic activities to some?
_ _

2. What does frequent earthquakes suggest about the movement of the

lithosphere? What does the concentration of earthquake activities to certain
parts of the earth tells us about earthquakes?
_
_
_
_ _

EXPLORE

A. Directions: Given the materials and procedure, do the activity.

LET’S MARK BOUNDARIES

(Map of the Earthquake Distribution)

Material:
 Marking pen
 Plastic sheet used for book cover

Procedure:

1. Study the Figure showing the earthquake distribution around the world. Trace
the approximate locations of several earthquake “clusters” using the marking
pen on one of the plastic sheets.
 Source: Department of education Learners Materials for Grade 10

Questions:
1. How are earthquakes distributed on the map?
_ _
_
_

2. Where are they located?

_
_

3. Where are there no earthquakes?

_
_
_

4. Why is it important for us to identify areas which are prone to

earthquakes?
_
_
_
B. Directions: Analyze the picture given and answer the following questions.

Image Source: Retreived from

1. What do the spots represent?

2. Is there a trend in the location of these earthquake activities?

3. How are earthquakes related to tectonic activities?

_
4. What inferences can we make regarding earthquake magnitude, frequency, or
concentration based on the picture above?

Earthquakes are the sudden shaking of

KEEP THIS IN MIND
the ground caused by the pressure
between two moving tectonic plates.
Everyday, millions of tiny earthquakes
happen but we can only feel those who
are strong enough. Sometimes it can
even destroy livelihoods and lives. A seismograph is an instrument used to record
even the tiniest earthquake. If we map earthquake frequencies and instances, we
can see how these are concentrated along mainland coastlines, especially along
boundary plates. The shifting of the plates create pressure that is released in the
lithosphere in the form of earthquakes or volcanic activity.

Areas such as the

boundaries of the Pacific
Ocean, covering the
Southeast Asia, East Asia,
and the western parts of
America, along the Indo-
Australian plate boundaries,
the eastern side of the
Eurasian plate, and the
western side of the North
American Plate. Image Source: Retreived from:
https://platetectonicsalvin.weebly.com/earthquake-and-volcano-

APPLY WHAT YOU

HAVE LEARNED

What factors affect the earthquake and volcanic activity distribution in the
lithosphere?

FACTORS

DO IT!

Directions: Answer the following questions:

1. Philippines has always been plagued with natural disaster, earthquakes

included. What may have caused all these natural disasters?
_

_
 2. What does frequent earthquakes in the Philippines suggest about the
movement of the lithosphere? About the geographical location of the
Philippines? What does the concentration of earthquake activities to certain
parts of the Philippines tells us about earthquakes?
_

EXPLORE

Directions: Analyze the picture given and answer the questions that follows.

Image Source: Retreived from https://www.dost.gov.ph

1. Which areas are with high, moderate, and low risks of earthquake based
from the map?
 2. Is there a trend in the location of these earthquake activities?

3. With the news of frequent and violent earthquakes in Mindanao, what can
we infer based off of it and the map presented above?

KEEP THIS IN MIND

The Philippines located in one of the most active tectonic setting in Asia.
Several numbers of destructive earthquakes have occurred in every part of the
country. The Central Luzon
earthquake in 1990 with a
magnitude of MS7.6 was the largest
seismic event for Philippines
people. Earthquakes in the
Philippines could occur along the
Philippines trench, the Manila
trench, the Philippine Fault Zone
(PFZ), and the Valley Fault System
(VFS). The Philippine trench, built
by subduction of the western edge
of the Philippine Plate penetrating
beneath the Eurasia plate. This
trench is the primary sources of the
earthquakes. The very seismically
active Philippines trench extends
from south of the Mindanao Island
to the Luzon Island in the north for a
distance of about 1400. The Manila
Trench is a 1200-km long
subduction zone between the South
China Sea and the Northern
Philippines plate which produced Image Source: DOST PHIVOLCS https://dost.gov.ph

several mega earthquakes

developed the scenarios of the

earthquakes for tsunami modeling and the seismic event were divided into six fault
zones (the earthquake sources), and the worst case is the earthquake with
magnitude of Mw 9.3.
 There are two on land sources of the earthquakes for the Philippines which
are the Philippine Fault Zone (PFZ) and the Valley Fault System (VFS). The
Philippine Fault Zone (PFZ) formed because of oblique motion of the Philippines Sea
plate relative to the Eurasia plate. PFZ is an active left lateral strike-slip fault system
extending 1600-km from the Mindanao to the Luzon Island. The 1990 Central Luzon
earthquake was the most destructive earthquake occurred in the PFZ. The Valley
Fault System (VFS) is the nearest fault to study area which is around 20-50 km. The
VFS is a 130 km right lateral strike-slip fault system beginning from south of
Canlubang, Calamba, Laguna to the Umiray and the Dingalan Bay in the north in
NNE (North North East) of the strike.

APPLY WHAT YOU

HAVE LEARNED

Directions: Answer the given question.

1. What can you do in the academic field to help increase awareness of
earthquake safety among fellow Filipinos?

Before you go, reflect on what you have learned as

you went through this module. Share it to the class
and share what practical insights you have
gathered from this module.

Congratulations in finishing the supplementary module! You have just had an

amazing learning journey and for sure, you will also do the same in the succeeding
modules.
This time, share to the class your final insights by completing the following
sentence prompts.
 For the last time, share your insights and queries.

Things I’ve learned today

I wish to ask about

ASSESS WHA YOU

HAVE LEARNED

I. Directions: Write T if the statement is correct and F if otherwise.

1. Earthquakes are random movement of the earth and may

occur anywhere in the world.
2. Seismographs are used to record huge earthquakes only.
3. Earthquakes and volcanism are interrelated.
4. There is an equal distribution of earthquake incidences around
the world.
5. Volcanoes are characterized by craters that reach deep within
the lithosphere.

REINFORCEMENT

Direction: Given the situation, write your reaction.

Over the years, the country has been facing numerous earthquakes. Some are
weak and unfelt, some are strong enough to destroy livelihoods, properties, and
even produce casualties. As students, there is an imperative to learn all about
earthquakes and volcanic activities. How can you able to help others to learn
what you have learned?
 VOCABULARY

 Earthquakes are sudden movement of the ground caused by the pressure

between two moving tectonic plates.
 Seismographs are instruments used to record even the tiniest earthquake.
 Volcanoes are earth’s natural pressure vents characterized by a crater that
reaches deep within the lithosphere.

ANSWER KEY

EXPLORE
A.
1. The world’s earthquakes are not randomly distributed over the Earth’s
surface. They tend to be concentrated in narrow zones.
2. Some are located near the edges of the continents, some are in mid
continents, while others are in oceans .
But not ALL edges of continents,mid-continents,or oceans can be places where
earthquake might occur.
3. Answers may vary. Some of the possible answers are: large part of
the Pacific ocean, northernmost Asia, majority of Europe, eastern
portion of North and South America and western Africa.

4. It is important to identify areas which are prone to earthquakes so

that necessary precautions could be done if ever you’re living in one
of those places.
B
1. The red spots represent earthquakes.
2. There is. The concentration of incidences is found along plate boundaries
especially around the pacific ring of fire.
3. As both are products of tectonic movements, earthquakes and volcanism is
usually incidented at similar areas.
4. Earhtquake magnitude and strength are usually varying, but the most violent
ones can be found around the Pacific Ring of Fire and the Indo-Australian
 plates. Earthquakes occur along the plates and may be destructive or may even
be barely felt.

EXPLORE
1. Central Luzon, Eastern Visayas and Southern Mindanao are at high to
moderate risk of earthquakes while Northern Luzon, Southern Luzon, Central
Visayas, and Central Mindanao are of low risk.
2. Those who are near Minor and Major Philippine Fault Lines are more vulnerable
to earthquakes
3. We can infer that Mindanao indeed is highly vulnerable and susceptible to
earthquakes as what the map suggests. Furthermore, it must be noted that
they are most in need of more earthquake education, protection, and
assistance in times of disasters.

ASSESS YOURSELF
1. F
2. F
3. T
4. F
5. T

REFERENCES

 2017. Geography, World Distribution. Retreived from:

https://sites.google.com/site/myrevisionsite/home/Geography/naturalevrm/tec-

land/world-distribution

 Aquino, Marites, et al., Science Links: Worktext for Scientific and

Technological Literacy. REX Bookstore. 2015.

10
Science
Quarter 1 – Module 5
MAP OF ACTIVE VOLCANOES OF
THE WORLD
Science – Grade 10
Quarter 1 – Module 1: Title

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of
the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office
wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such
agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this book are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort
has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective
copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them.

Regional Director: Gilbert T. Sadsad

Assistant Regional Director: Jessie L. Amin

Development Team of the Module

Writers: CHONA R. DE LIMA
SALVE JOY T. BUERE
MYLA ANN A. BERNALES

Editors: HELEN Z. CORNELIO

LOURDES P. CASTROVERDE
MYLA ANN A. BERNALES
MARLON A. MARMOL
MARISOL D. ANDRADA

Reviewer: JEZRAHEL T. OMADTO

Consultant: HELEN Z. CORNELIO

Layout Artists: MYLA ANN A. BERNALES

RAYMOND T. TORALDE
 MOST ESSENTIAL
LEARNING
COMPETENCY

Describe the distribution of

Active Volcanoes, Earthquake
Epicenters and Major Mountain
Belts
 Supplementary Learning Module for Junior High School Learners

LESSON
Let’s Make Boundaries
Map of Active Volcanoes in the World

Many of the world’s active volcanoes are located around the edges of the
Pacific Ocean: West Coast of the Americas; East Coast of Siberia, Japan, the
Philippines, and Indonesia; and is Island chains from New Guinea to new Zealand-
the-so-called “ Ring of Fire”.

In the previous modules, you have learned about earthquakes and how it is
related to tectonic plates. Another phenomenon that is also related to this is the
volcanic eruption. You have learned in your Grade 9 Science that a volcano is a
mountain where lava comes from magma chamber under the ground. You also
learned to classify volcanoes according to its structure and its activities. We can
classify volcanoes as Active, Dormant and … Though they are known to be
destructive, there are some benefits that we get from volcanoes, like the existence of
Hawaii Islands and many more.

Source: www.cotf.edu

YOUR TARGET

Locating the active volcanoes is very important

especially to those near people. They should
be ready and prepared for any activities that
may occur anytime. Do you know where most
of the active volcanoes are located?

Read and perform the activities in this module.

At the end of the module you should be able

to:

1. Identify the location of the active

volcanoes.

fleaz │ Credit: Getty Images/Stock Photo

 TRY THIS

Directions: Read the questions carefully. Choose the letter of the correct answer.

1. Which characteristic of magma mainly determines its explosiveness?

A. Color B. Amount C. Temperature D. Silica content

2. Which of the following characteristics of a volcano depends on its magma

emission?
A. Age B. Size C. Shape D. Location

3. What is the type of volcanoes that have a record of eruption within the last
600 years or those that erupted 10, 000 years ago based on analyses of their
materials?
A. Active B. Inactive C. Dormant D. Extinct

4. Which of the following is an active volcano in the Philippines?

A. Apo in Davao C. Isarog in Camarines Sur
B. Bud Datu in Sulu D. Kanlaon in Negros Oriental

5. What is the type of volcano that has a large, nearly perfect sloped structure
formed from alternate solidification of both lava and pyroclastic deposits?
A. Cinder cone C. Composite Volcano
B. hield Volcano D. Dormant

Hi! How did you find the test?

Please check your answers at the answer key section

and see how you did. Don’t worry if you get a low
score, this just means that there are more things that
you can learn from this module

fleaz │ Credit: Getty Images/Stock Photo

DO IT!

Direction: Look at the pictures, are you familiar with these volcanoes? write ACTIVE
if it classified as active volcanoes, NOT ACTIVE if is not.
 Mount Apo (April 2006). Retrieved from Mount Bulusan in active mode in February 2007.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mount_Apo.jpg Retrieved from
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Bulusan#/media/Fi
le:Mt-Bulusan.jpg

Ringer (February 3, 2009). Bukid Asog sa Iriga.

Retrieved from
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bukid_Asog_
sa_Iriga.jpg

Questions:

1. Are you familiar with the volcanoes in the pictures?

2. Which of the pictures are volcanoes which can found in Bicol Region? Which
is not?

EXPLORE
Let’s make Boundaries
Map of Active Volcanoes in the World
Materials:

 2 pieces plastic sheet used for book cover, same size as a book page
 marking pens
Procedure:

1. Study the map of active volcanoes in Figure 6.

2. On the second plastic sheet, sketch the approximate locations of several
volcanoes using a marking pen.
3. Place the earthquake plastic sheet over the volcano plastic sheet.

Guide Questions:

1. How are volcanoes distributed?

_
_
_
2. Where are they located?
_
_
_
3. Based on the map, mention a country that is unlikely to experience a volcanic
eruption.
_
_
4. Compare the location of majority of earthquake epicentres with
the location of volcanoes around the world.
_
_
_
 KEEP THIS IN MIND

Bicol Peninsula captured by Diwata-1s Spaceborne Multispectral Imager (SMI) payload. April 24, 2017
https://blog.phl.microsat.upd.edu.ph/bicol-a-region-shaped-by-volcanic-activity-6919c6ac1d1e

Volcanoes have been reminding the world of their power lately, with major
volcanic activities observed.

The power of volcanoes is both catastrophic and constructive, with the

Philippines experiencing both firsthand. Just at the southmost tip of the Luzon lies
Exhibit A: Bicol whose abundance on different natural resources and environmental
features offer a glimpse of highly volcanic activity uniquely shapes the region nestled
in the Pacific Ring of Fire.
Source:
https://blog.phl.microsat.upd.edu.ph/bicol-a-region-shaped-
by-volcanic-activity-6919c6ac1d1e

Volcanism in Bicol arc is related to

the westward subduction of the Philippine
Plate along the Phillipine Trench.

Bicol Region has active volcanoes

namely Mt. Isarog, Mt. Asog/Iriga, Mt.
Mayon and Mt. Bulusan

There were other volcanoes also in

Bicol namely: Mt. Labo, Mt. Malinao, Mt.
Masaraga and and Mt. Pocdol.

Imaged retrieved:
https://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/volcano-
hazard/volcanoes-of-the-philippines
 APPLY WHAT YOU
HAVE LEARNED THERE LOCATION

Directions: Given the map, identify the volcanoes by writing its name in the box
and connect to its location. One is done for you

MT. MAYON MT. MAYON

MT. BULUSAS MT. LABO MT. MALINAO

MT. ISAROG MT. MAYON

MT. MASARAGA MT. IRIGA MT. POCDOL

 Directions: Given the map of Distribution of Volcanoes
DO IT! in the Philippines, list down at least 10 active
volcanoes found in the Philippines.

features (PHILVOLCS 2008)

Retrieved from https://www.volcanodiscovery.com/philippines.html
 EXPLORE

ACTIVITY: CONNECT THE DOTS

Directions: Read each situation below and locate the places where each situation
occurred by drawing a dot on the world map. Then, connect all the dots you have
drawn.

1. On June 15,1991, Mt. Pinatubo erupted, which was noted as the second most
powerful eruption. It is located at Zambales, Philippines.

2. Mount Ruapehu in New Zealand is one of the more active volcanoes in the
Ring of Fire, with yearly minor eruptions, and major eruptions occurring about
every 50 years.

3. Mount Fuji, Japan’s tallest and most famous mountain, is an active volcano in
the Ring of Fire. Mount Fuji last erupted in 1707, but recent earthquake
activity in eastern Japan may have put the volcano in a “critical state.”

4. On 10 April 1815, Tambora produced the largest eruption known on the planet
during the past 10,000 years.
5. Mount St. Helens, in the U.S. state of Washington, is an active volcano in the
Cascade Mountains. Its historic 1980 eruption lasted 9 hours and covered
nearby areas in tons of volcanic ash.
6. The Bogoslof island is the exposed summit of a volcano that sits in 6,000 feet
of water in the Bering Sea about 40 miles west of the Alaskan island of
Unalaska, which is part of the Aleutian chain. Bogoslof has had a series of
eruptions over the several weeks in December 2016, spewing gases and ash
into the skies and prompting aviation warnings.
 Map of the Pacific Ocean Clipart Retrieved from https://clipartart.com/categories/map-of-pacific-ocean-
clipart.html

Did you locate all of the volcanoes?

These volcanoes are located in the Pacific

Ring of Fire. Let’s find out more about it!

https://illustoon.com/?id=4194
 KEEP THIS IN MIND

USGSPlatesvolcanoes. Retrieved from http://www.explorevolcanoes.com/Platetectonics.html

The places on Earth where most of the volcanoes were formed mark the
boundaries of each lithospheric plate. Each plate is slowly moving relative to each
other, causing geologic events to happen along their boundaries. Studying plate
boundaries is important because along these boundaries deformation of the
lithosphere is happening. These geologic events have a great impact not only on the
environment but also on us.

On the image above, you can see that most of the number of volcanoes can
be seen on the plate boundaries. This happens during collision of two plates. You
will learn more of this on the proceeding modules. If you are also going to notice,
most of the active volcanoes are located on the Ring of Fire. It traces boundaries
between plates like the Pacific, Philippine, Juan de Fuca, Cocos and the Nazca
Plates.

Reference: Science 10 Leaner’s Material page 12-14

 Ring of Fire Map By USSG Retrieved from http://www.geologyin.com/2018/01/the-ring-of-fire.html

Countries lying near the plate boundaries are prone to some geologic events
like earthquakes and volcanic eruptions caused by the continuous movement of the
plates. Philippines which lies on the Ring of Fire also has experienced volcanic
eruptions from different Regions and even earthquakes that causes destruction to
the lives of the people and even to its environment.
One particular danger is pyroclastic flows, avalanches of hot rocks, ash, and
toxic gas that race down slopes at speeds as high as 450 miles an hour.

Similarly, volcanic mudflows called lahars can be very destructive. These fast-
flowing waves of mud and debris can race down a volcano's flanks, burying entire
towns.

Ash is another volcanic danger. Unlike the soft, fluffy bits of charred wood left
after a campfire, volcanic ash is made of sharp fragments of rocks and volcanic
glass each less than two millimeters across. The ash forms as the gasses within
rising magma expand, shattering the cooling rocks as they burst from the volcano's
mouth. It's not only dangerous to inhale, it's heavy and builds up quickly. Volcanic
ash can collapse weak structures, cause power outages, and is a challenge to
shovel away post-eruption.

Reference: Wei-Haas, Maya (2018,January 15)

Volcanoes, Explained Retrieved from
https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/natural
-disasters/volcanoes/
 Now you understand where most of volcanoes
are located and why they are located at the
Pacific Ring of Fire.

I think you are now ready to apply what you

have learned!

https://illustoon.com/?id=
APPLY WHAT YOU
HAVE LEARNED

Directions: On the map below, shade the location of most Active volcanoes find around the
world. Draw and label the different plates that can be found in the Pacific Ring of Fire.

World Map with Countries Template retrieved from https://adagebiopower.com/world-map-with-

countries-template/
 REFLECT

Congratulations on finishing the supplementary learning module! You have

just had an amazing learning journey and for sure, you will also do the same in the
succeeding modules.

This time, share to the class your final insights by completing the following
sentence prompts.

For the last time, share your insights and queries.

Things I’ve learned today .

I wish to ask about

.

REINFORCEMENT

To enrich your knowledge, watch WHY THERE’S A RING OF NATURAL

DISASTERS AROUND THE PACIFIC
link: https://youtu.be/DrwYtGf40hA

VOCABULARY

VOLCANO a mountain or hill, typically, conical, having a crater or vent,

through which lava, rock fragments, hot vapor, and gas are being
or have been erupted from the earth’s crust.

PACIFIC RING OF FIRE- is an arc around the Pacific Ocean where many volcanoes
and the earthquakes formed.
 ASSESS WHA YOU
HAVE LEARNED

Directions: Identify what is asked or described in each item then write the letter of the
correct answer.

1. Where do most volcanoes on Esrth Occur?

A. Along the equator C. On land
B. On the ocean floor D. over the hotspots

2. All hotspots rise beneath oceanic plates

A. True
C. False

3. Why is Pacific ring of fire being dangerous?

A. Risk for subduction zone C. No tectonic fractures
B. Flooded prone area D. all of the given

4. Which is likely to happen when the countries are lying near the plate
boundaries?
A. Earthquake C. both a and b
B. volcanic eruptions D. typhoon

5. Most volcanoes are connected around the Ring of Fire, which encircles what
ocean?
A. Atlantic C. Indian
B. Pacific D. Arctic

ANSWER KEY

Try This Key

1. D.
2. C
3. A
4. D
5. C
Do this!
1. ACTIVE
2. ACTIVE
3. ACTIVE
1. Answer may vary
2. In Bicol- Mt. Asog/ Iriga and Mt. Bulusan
Not in Bicol Mt. Apo
Explore
1. Volcanoes are not randomly distributed. Majority of them are found
along the edges of some continents.
2. Majority are found along the edges of some continents, particularly
in the western coast of North and South America, East and South East
Asia.
3. Answers may vary
4. Earthquake epicenters and volcanoes are both situated at the same
locations.
5. Mountain ranges are found in places where volcanoes and/or
earthquake epicenters are also located.
6. Geologic activities such as seismicity (occurrence of earthquake),
volcanism and mountain formation are the basis of scientists in
dividing Earth’s lithosphere.
Apply What You Have Learned

Any of the following:

1. Iraya
2. Babuyan Claro
3. Didicas
4. CAmiguin de Babuyanes
5. Cagua
6. Pinatubo
7. Taal
8. Banahaw
9. Iriga
10. Mayon
11. Bulusan
12. Biliran
13. Cabalian
14. Kanlaon
15. Hibok-hibok
16. Musuan
17. Ragang
18. Makaturing
19. Leonard Kniaseff
20. Bud Dajo
 21. Matutum
22. Parker

Activity: Connect the Dots

Apply What You Have Learned

Nasa’s Cosmos. Retrieved from https://ase.tufts.edu/cosmos/print_images.asp?id=4

Assess what you have learned

1. B
2. B
3. A
4. C
5. B
 REFERENCES

 Map of volcanoes in the Philippines and major tectonic features

(PHILVOLCS 2008)

Retrieved from https://www.volcanodiscovery.com/philippines.html

 Which was the world’s biggest eruption. Volcano Discovery 2020

Retrieved from

https://www.volcanodiscovery.com/volcanoes/facts/biggest-

eruption.html

 Plate tectonics and the Ring of Fire Retrieved from

https://www.nationalgeographic.org/article/plate-tectonics-ring-

fire/?utm_source=BibblioRCM_Row

 Fountain, Henry (2016, December 30) An Alaskan Volcano Erupts,

Largely Out of View Retrieved from

https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/30/science/an-alaskan-volcano-

bogoslof-erupts-largely-out-of-view.html

 Map of the Pacific Ocean Clipart Retrieved from

https://clipartart.com/categories/map-of-pacific-ocean-clipart.html
10
Science
Quarter 1 – Module 6
MOUNTAIN RANGES OF THE
WORLD
Science – Grade 10
Quarter 1 – Module 1: Title

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of
the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office
wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such
agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this book are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort
has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective
copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them.

Regional Director: Gilbert T. Sadsad

Assistant Regional Director: Jessie L. Amin

Development Team of the Module

Writers: MAE B. RACELIS

MARY ROSE S. AMISOLA

Editors: HELEN Z. CORNELIO

LOURDES P. CASTROVERDE
MYLA ANN A. BERNALES
MARLON A. MARMOL
MARISOL D. ANDRADA

Reviewer: JEZRAHEL T. OMADTO

Consultant: HELEN. Z. CORNELIO

Layout Artists: MYLA ANN A. BERNALES

RAYMOND T. TORALDE
 MOST ESSENTIAL
LEARNING
COMPETENCY

Describe the distribution of

Active Volcanoes, Earthquake
Epicenters and Major Mountain
Belts
 Supplementary Learning Module for Junior High School Learners

LESSON
Plate Tectonics
MOUNTAIN RANGES OF THE WORLD

A mountain range or hill range is a series of mountains or hills ranged in a line

and connected by high ground. A mountain system or mountain belt is a group of
mountain ranges with similarity in form, structure, and alignment that have arisen from
the same cause, usually an orogeny. Mountain ranges are formed by a variety of
geological processes, but most of the significant ones on Earth are the result of plate
tectonics. Mountain ranges are also found on many planetary mass objects in the Solar
System and are likely a feature of most terrestrial planets.

Mountain ranges are usually segmented by highlands or mountain passes and

valleys. Individual mountains within the same mountain range do not necessarily have
the same geologic structure or petrology. They may be a mix of different orogenic
expressions and terranes, for example thrust sheets, uplifted blocks, Fold Mountains,
and volcanic landforms resulting in a variety of rock types.

Source: Mountain Range, May 27, 2020(last edited) retrieved from

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountain_range

YOUR TARGET

Read on and perform the activities prepared for you in

this module.

At the end of the module, you should be able to:

Describe how mountain ranges are formed,

Locate mountain ranges of the world, and
Relate the occurrence of mountain ranges
to Plate Tectonic Theory.

fleaz │ Credit: Getty Images/Stock

Photo
 TRY THIS

TRUE OR FALSE?

A. Write TRUE if the statement is correct, if incorrect write FALSE.

1. A mountain range is a group or chain of mountains located close to each
other.
2. Most mountain ranges are formed at divergent boundaries.
3. The Himalayas is an example of a mountain range.
4. The Himalayas were formed when the Nazca oceanic plate moved towards
and subducted under the continental crust on the west coast of South
America.
5. The longest mountain range in the world is the mid-ocean ridge.

B. Match column A with column B. Write only the letter of your answer.
A B
1. mountain range A. the general term used by geologist to
describe mountain building process.
2. plate tectonic B. an area on Earth where two or more
lithospheric plates collide.
3. convergent boundary C.a theory explaining the structure of the
earth's crust and many associated
phenomena as resulting from the interaction of
rigid lithospheric plates which move slowly
over the underlying mantle.
4. subduction zone D. is a series of mountains or hills ranged in a
line and connected by high ground.
5. orogeny E. One plate eventually slides beneath the
other

Hi! How did you find the test?

Please check your answers at the answer key section

and see how you did. Don’t worry if you get a low
score, this just means that there are more things that
you can learn from this module

fleaz │ Credit: Getty Images/Stock Photo

 DO IT!

Map of the World’s Largest Mountain Ranges

Directions: Study the figure below then answer the questions.

Source:https://www.reddit.com/r/MapPorn/comments/aotvgo/mountain_ranges_of_the_world_has_anyo
ne_ever/ (accessed: June 18, 2020)

Questions:
1. What do you notice? What can you say about the location of mountain
ranges?

2. Are the mountain ranges located randomly around the earth?

3. List at least 5 mountain ranges.

_, _, _, , _
 EXPLORE

FORMATION OF MOUNTAIN RANGES

Directions: Describe how mountains/ mountain ranges are formed by providing the
correct answer in the blank. Choose your answer from the choices inside the box.

oceanic plates continental drift

towards/against tectonic plates

away pressure

1. The Earth’s surface is made up of a series of large plates (like pieces of giant
jigsaw puzzle) called _ _.

Source: Lora Gordon, How are mountains

formed? https://slideplayer.com/slide/4681378/

2. These plates are in constant motion travelling at a few centimeters per year. This
is called .

Source: Lora Gordon, How are mountains formed?

https://slideplayer.com/slide/4681378/
3. They move because a plume of magma is rising deep within the earth’s mantle
(the outer layer of the earth). As it moves, builds up which forces the
plates to move.
4. As they move _ each other, they cause are sites of intense geologic
activity, such as earthquakes, volcanoes, and mountain building.

KEEP THIS IN MIND

MOUNTAIN RANGES
What is a mountain range?
A mountain range is a group or chain of mountains located close together.
Since neighboring mountains often share the same geological origins, mountain
ranges have similar form, size and age.
https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-a-mountain-range-definition-lesson-quiz.html

Source: Lora Gordon, How are mountains formed?

https://slideplayer.com/slide/4681378/

How are mountain ranges formed?

Most mountain ranges have been formed at convergent boundaries where

two plates move towards each other.
https://kisialevelgeography.wordpress.com/as-rocks-weathering/
 How Andes, Himalayas and Mid-Ocean Ridge were formed:
Andes

1. The Andes were formed when the Nazca oceanic plate moved towards and
subducted under continental crust on the west coast of South America
2. As the subduction occurred, rocks from the continental margin of south
America were folded
3. Additionally pieces of the subducting plate were scraped off and became part
of an accretionary wedge adding to the mountain range
4. This subduction also resulted in partial melting of the subducting plate
producing volcanoes in this mountain range

Source: : https://kisialevelgeography.files.wordpress.com/2014/06/picture321.jpg (accessed June 18, 2020)

The Andes Formation

Himalayas

1. The Himalayas were formed when two continental plates collided as Indian
plate moved towards the rest of Asia during the last 70 million years
2. The leading edge of the Indian plate have been thrust beneath the edge of the
Asian continent
3. In the collision zone the Asia overrides India and is therefore uplifted and
folded to form mountains
4. As no magma escapes to the surface in the Himalaya region there is little
volcanic activity.
 Source: https://kisialevelgeography.files.wordpress.com/2014/06/picture415.jpg
(accessed June 18,2020)

The Himalayas Formation

Mid-Atlantic Ridge
1. The tectonic plates on either side of the fault, started pulling away and
separating from each other. This led to the breaking of the earth’s crust
causing earthquakes.
2. Constant movements of rock and earth moving up and down causes the
magma under the new and thin crust to erupt forth to form volcanic mounds.
3. These new centers of spreading volcanic material form new ridges and
valleys along the fault to create valleys and mountains, with the flowing
magma, causing the older crust to cool and move towards the peripheral area
of the ridge, while the new magma flows stay near the ridge crest. This
process continually widens the seabed, and increases the size of the ridge,
and the distance between the continents.
4. Such violent activity on a global scale sometimes causes the magnetic poles
of the earth to reverse.
5. At present, the valley between the crest of the ridge is around 75 miles wide
and around 3 miles deep.

Source: https://sciencestruck.com/how-was-mid-atlantic-ridge-formed (accessed June 18, 2020)

 LIST OF MAJOR MOUNTAIN RANGES
1. The Himalayan Mountain Range

The Himalayas or Himalaya is form of a mountain range in Asia, separating the

plains of the Indian subcontinent from the Tibetan Plateau. It is young fold mountain
of the tertiary period, which was folded over
Tethys Sea due to the inter-continental
collision. It extends for about 2500 km
between Indus and Brahmaputra gorges
from west to east in an arc-shaped manner.
It plays an important role in the
determination of the climate of Indian Sub-
continent. It has enormous potential for
various metallic minerals like Cobalt, Nickel,
Zinc, Copper, Antimony, and Bismuth. Source: upload.wikimedia.org

Highest Peaks: Mount Everest (8,848 m)

2. The Alps Mountain Range

The Alps Mountain Range is the highest and most extensive mountain
range system of Europe, stretching approximately 1,200 kilometres (750 mi)
across eight Alpine countries (from
west to east): France, Switzerland,
Italy, Monaco, Liechtenstein,
Austria, Germany, and Slovenia. It
plays an important role in the
determination of the climate of
Europe.

Highest Peak: Mont Blanc

(4,808.73 m)
www.worldatlas.com

3. The Atlas Mountains Range

The Atlas Mountains Range stretches
around 2,500 km (1,600 mi) through
Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia. It separates the
Mediterranean and Atlantic coastlines from
the Sahara Desert and inhabited by Berber
populations. It was formed during the
Precambrian period.

Highest Peak: Toubkal (4,167 m)

4. The Andes Mountain Range

The Andes or Andean Mountain Range is the longest continental mountain range in
the world, stretching approximately
7,000 km (4,300 mi). It is formed by
a continuous highland along the
western edge of South America.
Highest Peak: Aconcagua (6,961m)

5. The Rockies Mountain Range

The Rocky Mountain Range situated in western North America, stretches more than
3,000 miles (4,800 km) from the northernmost part of British Columbia, in western
Canada, to New Mexico, in the Southwestern United States. It is protected by public
parks and forest lands and is a popular tourist destination, especially for hiking,
camping, mountaineering, fishing,
hunting, mountain biking, skiing, and
snowboarding.

Highest Peak: Mount Elbert (4,401 m)

The position of the mountain ranges
influences the climate of any region. It
also obstructs the moisture laden winds.
For Example- Himalayas act as a climate
barrier by blocking extremely cold winds
coming from Central Asia and Siberia.
Source: en.wikipedia.org These mountain ranges are also the
source of the rivers. (Anwar, 2018)

APPLY WHAT YOU

HAVE LEARNED

Directions: Identify the mountain ranges pointed by each arrow. You can use a world
map as a reference.
 2

1 4

Source: https://www.teacherspayteachers.com/Product/Label-Map-of-the-World-Continents-Oceans-
Mountain-Ranges-1022478 (accessed June 18, 2020)

REFLECT

Congratulations on finishing the supplementary learning module! You have

just had an amazing learning journey and for sure, you will also do the same in the
succeeding modules.

This time, share to the class your final insights by completing the following
sentence prompts.

For the last time, share your insights and queries.

Things I’ve learned today .

I wish to ask about

.
 REINFORCEMENT

Directions: Study the world map below showing the major tectonic plates. Take note
of the direction of the blue arrows.

Source: https://images.mapsofworld.com/answers/2018/10/map-plate-tectonics.png(
accessed June 18, 2020)

Questions:
1. What do the arrows mean?

2. Are the plates moving towards the same or different directions?

3. What are the plates that are moving towards each other?

4. What will happen if two plates move toward each other?

_
 VOCABULARY

1. convergent boundary an area on Earth where two or more

lithospheric plates collide.
2. mountain ranges is a series of mountains or hills ranged in a line
and connected by high ground.
3. orogeny the general term used by geologist to describe
mountain building process.
4. plate tectonics a theory explaining the structure of the earth's
crust and many associated phenomena as
resulting from the interaction of rigid lithospheric
plates which move slowly over the underlying
mantle.
5. subduction zone is a region of the Earth's crust where tectonic
plates meet.

ASSESS WHA YOU

HAVE LEARNED

A. Write TRUE if the statement is correct, if incorrect write FALSE then change
the underlined word/s with the correct term.
1. A mountain range is a group or chain of mountains located close to each
other.
2. Most mountain ranges are formed at divergent boundaries.
3. The Himalayas is an example of a mountain range.
4. The Himalayas were formed when the Nazca oceanic plate moved towards
and subducted under the continental crust on the west coast of South
America.
5. The longest mountain range in the world is the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.

B. Identify what is being defined/described by each statement.

1. A theory explaining the structure of the earth's crust
and many associated phenomena as resulting from
the interaction of rigid lithospheric plates which move
slowly over the underlying mantle.
 2. A series of mountains or hills ranged in a line and
connected by high ground.
3. A zone where one plate slides beneath the other
4. The general term used by geologist to describe
mountain building process.
5. An area on Earth where two or more lithospheric
plates collide.
C. Enumerate 3 mountain ranges and name the plate/plates where they are
located.

ANSWER KEY

TRY THIS DO THIS

A. 1. The mountain ranges are found along
1. True the boundaries of tectonic plates.
2. False 2. They are not randomly located. They
3. True are located along convergent boundaries.
4. False 3.
5. True Rockies
B. Appalachian
1.D Andes
2.C Alps
3. B Altas
4. E Himalaya
5. A Great Dividing Range
Brooks Range
Tien Shen
Hindu Kush
Kolyma Range

EXPLORE APPLY WHAT YOU HAVE LEARNED

1. tectonic plates 1. Rockies
2. continental drift 2. Alps
3. pressure 3. Andes
4. towards/ against 4. Himalayas

REINFORCEMENT ASSESS WHAT YOU HAVE LEARNED

1. The arrows mean that the plates are A.
moving in different directions.\ 1. True
2. Different directions 2. Convergent Boundaries
3. Example of possible answers: 3. True
Indo-Australian Plate and Eurasian 4. Andes
Plate 5. True
Nasca Plate and South American B.
Plate 1. Plate Tectonics Theory
Pacific Plate and Eurasian Plate 2. Mountain Range
3. Subduction Zone
4. Orogeny
5. Convergent boundary

REFERENCES

 Acosta, H.D. (2015). Science-Grade 10 Learner’s Module. Pasig City:

Department of Education.

 Anwar, S. (2018, February 2). Retrieved June 18, 2020, from

https://www.jagranjosh.com/general-knowledge/list-of-major-mountain-ranges-

of-the-world-1517574937-1

 Unknown. (n.d). Retrieved June 18, 2020, from

https://sciencestruck.com/how-was-mid-atlantic-ridge-formed