Topic

Patterns and
11 Relationships
1
How many years will it take
an animal symbol to repeat
in the Chinese calendar? You
will find out in Lesson 11-2.

2
How fast can a penguin swim?
You will find out in Lesson 11-3.

3
Are the rocks of Stonehenge
arranged in a pattern? You
will find out in Lesson 11-6.

224

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 4
How many eggs can an ostrich
hen lay in a year? You will find Vocabulary
out in Lesson 11-4. Choose the best term from the box.
• compare • multiply
• divide • regroup

1. To put together equal groups to find

the total number, you ? .

2. To decide if 4 has more ones or fewer

ones than 8, ? the numbers.

3. To separate into equal groups, you ? .

Number Patterns

Write the missing number in each pattern.

4. 3, 6, 9, 12, ■, 18 5. 4, 8, 12, ■, 20, 24
6. 8, 7, 6, ■, 4, 3 7. 30, 25, 20, 15, ■, 5

Multiplication Facts

Find each product.

8. 4 ⫻ 3 9. 3 ⫻ 5 10. 7 ⫻ 2
11. 5 ⫻ 6 12. 2 ⫻ 4 13. 3 ⫻ 7

Division Facts

Find each quotient.

14. 20 ⫼ 4 15. 10 ⫼ 5 16. 18 ⫼ 6
17. 28 ⫼ 4 18. 24 ⫼ 6 19. 56 ⫼ 8
20. Writing to Explain Janelle bought
4 cans of tennis balls. There are 3 balls
in each can. How many tennis balls
did she buy? Explain how you solved
the problem.

Topic 11 225

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 Lesson

11-1 Repeating Patterns

How can you continue a repeating pattern?
Rashad is making patterns with shapes. What three shapes
AF 2.2 Extend and should come next in this pattern?
recognize a linear pattern
by its rules (e.g., the
number of legs on a given
number of horses may be
calculated by counting by
4s or by multiplying the A repeating pattern is made up of shapes or numbers that
number of horses by 4).
Also MR 1.1 form a part that repeats.

Guided Practice*
Do you know HOW? Do you UNDERSTAND?
1. Draw the next three shapes to 3. In the example above, describe the
continue the pattern. pattern using words.

4. What is the 10th shape in the

pattern below? How do you know?

2. Write the next three numbers to

continue the pattern.
9, 2, 7, 6, 9, 2, 7, 6, 9

Independent Practice
In 5–8, draw the next three shapes to continue the pattern.
5. 6.

7. 8.

In 9–12, write the next three numbers to continue the pattern.

9. 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 2 10. 5, 7, 4, 8, 5, 7, 4, 8, 5, 7, 4

11. 2, 8, 2, 9, 2, 8, 2, 9, 2, 8, 2, 9 12. 4, 0, 3, 3, 4, 0, 3, 3, 4, 0, 3

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226 *For another example, see Set A on page 244.

27289_226-227_001 226 12/1/06 3:59:40 PM

 Step 1 Step 2
Find the part that repeats. Continue the pattern.

These 4 shapes make up

the part that repeats.

Problem Solving

13. Hilda is making a pattern with the 14. Marcus is using shapes to make
shapes below. If she continues the the pattern below. He wants the
pattern, what will the 11th shape in completed pattern to show the
the pattern be? Draw a picture to part that repeats 5 times. How
show the shape. many circles will be in Marcus’
finished pattern?

15. Louisa put beads on a string to make 16. Estimation A box of toy blocks
a bracelet. She used a blue bead, has 108 blocks. Jiang used 72 of the
then three green beads, then a blue blocks to make a building. About
bead, then three green beads, and how many blocks are left in the box?
so on, until she used 18 green beads. Explain how you estimated.
How many beads did she use in all?

17. The table shows the number of

Number of
students in each grade at a school. Grade
Students
Which grade has more than 145 but First 142
fewer than 149 students? Second 158
A First C Second Third 146

B Third D Fourth Fourth 139

18. Writing to Explain Balloons are sold in bags of 30. There

are 4 giant balloons in each bag. How many giant balloons
will you get if you buy 120 balloons? Explain.

Lesson 11-1 227

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 Lesson

11-2 Number Sequences

What is the pattern?
The house numbers on a street are in a pattern. If the
AF 2.2 Extend and pattern continues, what are the next three numbers?
recognize a linear pattern
by its rules (e.g.; the
number of legs on a given
number of horses may be
calculated by counting by
4s or by multiplying the
number of horses by 4).
16 20 24 28

Guided Practice*
Do you know HOW? Do you UNDERSTAND?
In 1 and 2, find a rule for the pattern. 3. In the example above, if 16 is the
Use your rule to continue each pattern. 1st number in the pattern, what is
the 10th number?
1.
11 14 17 20
4. Rudy is using “add 2” as his rule
to make a pattern. He started with
2. 48, 42, 36, 30, 24, ■, ■, ■ 4 and wrote the numbers below for
his pattern. Which number does not
belong in this pattern? Explain.
4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12

Independent Practice
In 5–16, find a rule for the pattern. Use your rule to
continue each pattern.
5. 21, 18, 15, ■, ■ 6. 4, 11, 18, ■, ■ 7. 5, 10, 15, ■, ■

8. 5, 7, 9, ■, ■, 15 9. 250, 300, 350, ■, ■ 10. 92, 80, 68, ■, ■

11. 790, 780, 770, ■, ■ 12. 16, 27, 38, ■, ■ 13. 96, 101, 106, ■, 116, ■

14. 43, 47, 51, ■, ■, 63 15. 120, 105, 90, ■, ■, 45 16. 99, 90, 81, 72, ■, ■

228 *For another example, see Set B on page 244.

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 Step 1 Step 2
Find the pattern. Use this rule to continue
the pattern.
⫹4 ⫹4 ⫹4
Rule: Add 4
28 ⫹ 4 ⫽ 32
16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42
32 ⫹ 4 ⫽ 36
36 ⫹ 4 ⫽ 40
Each number is 4 more than the number before it. The next numbers in the
pattern are 32, 36, and 40.

Problem Solving

17. Orlando delivers mail. He sees

that one mailbox does not have
27 29 33 35 37 39
a number. If the numbers are in a
pattern, what is the missing number?

18. In the Chinese calendar, each year 19. Suppose you were born in the year
has an animal as a symbol. There are of the horse. How old will you be the
12 animals. It was the year of the next time the year of the horse is
snake in 2001 and will be again in celebrated?
2013. The year 2005 was the year of
the rooster. When is the next year of The pattern of
animals repeats
the rooster? every 12 years.

20. Reasoning The numbers below are 21. Mia counted the pencils in a box.
in a pattern.
24, 27, 30, 33
Which number would be part of the
pattern?
If she counted the pencils in groups
A 34 C 39 of 6, which list shows numbers Mia
B 38 D 44 could have named?
A 24, 36, 48, 52 C 6, 12, 24, 32
B 6, 24, 48, 56 D 12, 18, 24, 30

Lesson 11-2 229

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 Lesson

11-3 Extending Tables A cloverleaf has

3 leaflets.
What pairs of numbers fit a pattern?
There are 3 leaflets on 1 cloverleaf.
AF 2.2 Extend and There are 9 leaflets on 3 cloverleaves.
recognize a linear pattern
by its rules (e.g., the There are 12 leaflets on 4 cloverleaves.
number of legs on a given
number of horses may be How many leaflets are there on
calculated by counting by
4s or by multiplying the 2 cloverleaves? on 5 cloverleaves?
number of horses by 4).
Also AF 2.1

Guided Practice*
Do you know HOW? Do you UNDERSTAND?
In 1 and 2, copy and complete each table. 3. In the example above, 4 and 12
are a pair of numbers that fit the
1. Number Total Number pattern. Does the pair 6 and 16 fit
of Boxes of Hats
the pattern? Explain.
2 6
5 15 4. Reasonableness A rule for this
7 21 table is “add 5 to my age.”
■ 27 My Age Joe’s Age

5 10
2.
Number of Cars 2 3 5 9 8 13
Total Number of 9 15
Wheels
8 12 20 ■
Which number does not belong?

Independent Practice
In 5–7, copy and complete each table.
5. Number Number 6. Regular Sale 7. Weight of Book
of Spiders of Legs Price Price in Ounces
9 11 12 16
Total Weight of
1 8 $29 $22
Carton in Ounces
18 20 21 ■
2 ■ $25 $18
3 24 ■ $16 8. For each table in 5–7, write
4 32 $22 ■ another pair of numbers that
belongs to the table.
■ 56 $19 $12

230 *For another example, see Set C on page 244.

27289_230-231_230 230 9/13/07 3:35:43 PM

 One Way Another Way
Draw pictures and count the leaflets. Fill in a table by using a rule.
Rule: Multiply by 3
Number of Number of
Cloverleaves Leaflets
2 cloverleaves have 6 leaflets.
1 3
2 6
3 9
5 cloverleaves have 15 leaflets.
4 12
5 15

Problem Solving

For 9 and 10, the table at the right shows the

Batteries for Flashlights
number of batteries needed for different
numbers of one kind of flashlight. Number of Number of
Flashlights Batteries
9. How many batteries do 8 flashlights need? 1 3
10 flashlights? 4 12
7 21
10. Writing to Explain How many more batteries
do 6 flashlights need than 4 flashlights? Explain
how you found your answer.

11. Number Sense What is the greatest number you can make
using each of the digits 1, 7, 0, and 6 once?

12. A penguin can swim 11 miles per hour. At this speed, how far
can it swim in 3 hours? Use a table to help.

13. Alan has 35 fewer coins than Suzy has. Which of these shows
the number of coins that Alan and Suzy could have?
A Alan 65, Suzy 105 C Alan 105, Suzy 65
B Alan 105, Suzy 70 D Alan 70, Suzy 105

14. If the pattern at the right continues, how

long will each side of the next square be?
A 8 feet C 10 feet
B 9 feet D 11 feet

1 ft 2 ft 4 ft 7 ft
Lesson 11-3 231

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 Lesson

11-4 Writing Rules for Situations

What is a math rule for the situation?
Alex and his older brother Andy have the same birthday.
AF 2.1 Solve If you know Alex’s age, how can you find Andy’s age?
simple problems
involving a functional Look for a pattern in the table and find a rule.
relationship between
two quantities (e.g., find
the total cost of multiple Alex’s age 2 4 6 7 9
items given the cost per
unit).
Also AF 1.3, AF 2.2. Andy’s age 8 10 12 13 15

Another Example What other rules are there for pairs of numbers?
Nell saves some of the money she earns. The table shows
how much she earned and how much she saved for five days.
What is a rule for the table? What are the missing numbers?

Earned 65¢ 45¢ 50¢ 30¢ ■

Saved 50¢ 30¢ ■ 15¢ 25¢

Step 1 Step 2

Find a rule for the table. Check that your rule works for all pairs.
Look for a pattern. Rule: Subtract 15¢ from the amount
earned.
Earned 65¢ 45¢ 50¢ 30¢ ■ 65¢ ⫺ 15¢ ⫽ 50¢
Saved 50¢ 30¢ ■ 15¢ 25¢ 45¢ ⫺ 15¢ ⫽ 30¢ The rule works for
30¢ ⫺ 15¢ ⫽ 15¢ each pair.

Each time, the amount saved is 15¢ What amount is 15¢ less than 50¢?
less than the amount earned. 50¢ ⫺ 15¢ ⫽ 35¢
One rule is “subtract 15¢ from the 25¢ is 15¢ less than what amount?
amount earned.” 25¢ ⫽ ■ ⫺ 15¢ 15¢ ⫹ 25¢ ⫽ 40¢
The missing amounts are 35¢ and 40¢.
Explain It
1. David said that a rule for the table above is “Add 15¢.”
Could this be correct? Explain.

232

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 Step 1 Step 2
Find a rule for the table. Check that your rule works for
Compare each pair of numbers. Look for a pattern. all pairs.
2⫹6⫽8
Alex’s age 2 4 6 7 9 4 ⫹ 6 ⫽ 10
6 ⫹ 6 ⫽ 12
Andy’s age 8 10 12 13 15
7 ⫹ 6 ⫽ 13
In each pair, Andy’s age is 6 more than Alex’s age. 9 ⫹ 6 ⫽ 15
Rule: Add 6 This rule works for each pair.

Guided Practice*
Do you know HOW? Do you UNDERSTAND?
In 1 and 2, use the table below. 3. In the example above, what does the
rule “add 6” mean in the problem?
Hours Worked 4 8 7 2 6

Amount Earned $24 $48 ■ $12 ■ 4. Marty uses the rule “subtract 9”
for his table. If the first number is
1. Write a rule for the table. 11, what is the second number in
the number pair?
2. Write the missing numbers.

Independent Practice
In 5–9, find a rule for the table. Use your rule to complete the table.
5. 8. 9.
Earned $15 $12 $17 $9 $11 Number Number Number Number
of Chairs of Legs of Teams of Players
Spent $7 ■ $9 ■ $3 3 12 4 20
2 8 3 15
6.
Earned $14 $18 $12 $16 $8 5 20 5 ■
7 ■ 6 30
Saved $7 $9 ■ ■ $4
■ 36 8 ■
7.
Price $36 $28 $33 $40 $25

Discount $24 $16 ■ $28 ■

*For another example, see Set C on page 244. Lesson 11-4 233

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 Problem Solving

For 10 and 11, use the table at the right.

Plant’s Age in Years
10. The table shows the ages of a Velvet Velvet Saguaro
mesquite tree and a Saguaro cactus Mesquite Tree Cactus
plant at a garden. When the Velvet 1 year 36
mesquite tree was 48 years old, how 15 50
old was the Saguaro cactus? 67 102

11. Reasonableness Phil says the

48 ■
Saguaro cactus is about 100 years
An ostrich hen
older than the Velvet mesquite tree. can lay 50 eggs
Is his estimate reasonable? Explain. in a year.

12. Use the table below. How many

eggs can 4 ostrich hens lay in a
year? 5 ostrich hens?
Number of
Ostrich Hens 1 2 3 4 5
Number of
Eggs 50 100 150 ■ ■

For 13 and 14, the table shows the

Betty’s Apple Baskets
number of baskets that Betty needs for
different numbers of apples. She needs Number
28 56 7 21 14
of Apples
to put an equal number of apples into
Number
each basket.
of Baskets
4 ■ 1 3 2

13. How many baskets does Betty need 14. What is a rule for the table?
for 56 apples? A Subtract 24 C Divide by 7
A 8 B 7 C 6 D5 B Subtract 6 D Add 12

15. An art museum has 47 paintings 16. Esther is 8 years older than Manuel.
in one room and 24 paintings in Which of these shows the ages that
another room. Which is the best Esther and Manuel each could be?
estimate of the total number of A Esther 15, Manuel 23
paintings?
B Esther 16, Manuel 15
A 50 C 80
C Esther 15, Manuel 7
B 70 D 100
D Esther 7, Manuel 15

234

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 In the 1700s, many people helped Americans
gain freedom from rule by Britain. The time line
shows the years of some of these events.

1770—Crispus Attucks, an African American patriot, 1778—Benjamin Franklin gets

is killed by British soldiers. He becomes known as the France to help America win the
first man to die for freedom in America. war against Britain.

1770 1780
1776—Thomas Jefferson writes the 1779—Margaret Corbin is the first woman
Declaration of Independence, which declares paid by Congress for doing a soldier’s job
America’s freedom from British rule. in the Revolutionary War.

1. Which event happened before 2. Which event happened about

1778, but after 1770? 10 years after Crispus Attucks died?

3. How many years after the Declaration 4. How many years have passed since
of Independence was written did the Declaration of Independence
France begin to help America? was written?

Use the table at the right for 5–7.

5. What event happened more than

Year Event
100 years after the Declaration of
Independence was written? 1776 Declaration of Independence
1787 Constitution is signed
1848 First Women’s Rights Convention
6. How many years after the first
1920 Women are given the right to vote.
Women’s Rights Convention were
women given the right to vote?

7. Strategy Focus Solve. Use the strategy Write a

Number Sentence.
Benjamin Franklin was born in 1706. How old was he when
the Constitution of the United States was signed?

Lesson 11-4 235

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 Lesson

11-5 Translating Words to Expressions

How can you translate words to Jon read
numerical expressions? 8 books.

AF 1.1 In a reading contest, Kara read 5 more books

Represent relationships
of quantities in the than Jon. What numerical expression shows
form of mathematical
expressions, equations, how many books Kara read?
or inequalities.
Also AF 1.0 A numerical expression is made up of
numbers and at least one operation symbol.

Other Examples
Teri read 3 fewer books Dina read twice as many For 4 weeks, Jon read the
than Jon read. books as Jon read. same number of books
Word phrase Word phrase each week.
“3 fewer books than the “twice as many as the Word phrase
8 books Jon read” 8 books Jon read” “the 8 books Jon read,
Numerical expression Numerical expression put into 4 equal groups”
8⫺3 2⫻8 Numerical expression
8⫼4

Guided Practice*
Do you know HOW? Do you UNDERSTAND?
Write a numerical expression for each. 4. In the example above, Jon read
7 fewer books than Eduardo. Write
1. 18 less than 25
a numerical expression to show
“Half” means how many books Eduardo read.
2. half of 14
2 equal groups.
5. Reasoning Does the word “fewer”
3. the total of 24, 16, and 32
always tell you to subtract? Explain.

Independent Practice
In 6–9, write a numerical expression for each word phrase.
6. 7 times as many as 8 7. the product of 9 and 8

8. the difference of 56 and 48 9. the sum of 15, 24, and 18

236 *For another example, see Set D on page 245.

27289_236-237_001 236 12/15/06 11:58:44 PM

 What You Think What You Write
Word phrase: To show the number of
“5 more books than the 8 books Jon read” books Kara read, write
“the sum of 8 and 5” as a
To find 5 more than a number, use addition.
numerical expression.

Numerical expression:
8+5

Problem Solving

In 10–17, write a numerical expression for each word phrase.

10. 8 points taken away from 16 points 11. 28 players separated into 4 equal teams

12. $15 less than $35 13. 4 times as long as 9 inches

14. twice as old as 7 years old 15. 24 grapes shared equally by 4 people

16. the total of 18 children and 17. 45 yards shorter than 120 yards
13 adults

There are 10 cars in a parking lot. For 18–21, write a numerical

expression for the number of cars described in each word phrase.
18. 7 fewer cars 19. half the number of cars

20. 5 times as many cars 21. 12 more cars

22. Geometry Juana has a wooden 23. Walt bought 16 muffins packed
block. The block is a rectangular equally into 4 boxes. Which
prism that is 12 inches long. numerical expression shows how
Juana cut the block into 6 cubes to find the number of muffins in
that are all the same size. How each box?
long is each side of a cube? A 16 ⫼ 4 C 16 ⫺ 4
B 16 ⫻ 4 D 16 ⫹ 4

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Lesson 11-5 237

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 Lesson Problem Solving

11-6 Act It Out and

counter

Use Reasoning
MR 2.0 Use strategies, Juana collected old pennies, nickels, Juana’s Collection
skills, and concepts in
finding solutions. and dimes. Her collection has at least 2 pennies
Also NS 2.0, MR 2.3.
one of each kind of coin. 2 fewer nickels than dimes
How many of each 10 coins in all
kind of coin does penny
nickel
Juana have? dime

Another Example What are other kinds of relationships?

Ken’s Collection of Dimes, Nickels, and Pennies
3 nickels
4 more dimes than nickels
15 coins in all
How many of each coin are in his collection?

Read and Understand Plan and Solve

What do I know? There are 15 coins Use reasoning to make conclusions.

in all, and 3 of the
Since there are 3 nickels, there are
coins are nickels.
12 pennies and dimes together.
There are 4 more
Try 3 nickels, 7 dimes, and 5 pennies.
dimes than nickels.
Since 3 ⫹ 7 ⫹ 5 ⫽ 15, this is correct.

Use objects to
show what you
know.

There are 5 pennies, 3 nickels, and

Explain It
7 dimes in the collection.

1. Which number of coins in Ken’s collection is given to you?

Which information do you need to find?
2. Explain how you know 7 is the number of dimes eTools
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in the solution above.

238

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 Read and Understand Plan and Solve
What do I know? Juana has 10 coins in Use reasoning to make conclusions.
all, and 2 of the coins She has 2 pennies, so there are
are pennies. 8 nickels and dimes together.
There are 2 fewer Try 2 nickels and 4 dimes.
nickels than dimes. But 2 ⫹ 2 ⫹ 4 is not equal
to 10.
Use objects to
Try 3 nickels and 5 dimes.
show what you Since 2 ⫹ 3 ⫹ 5 ⫽ 10,
know. this is correct.

There are 2 pennies, 3 nickels,

and 5 dimes in Juana’s collection.

Guided Practice*
Do you know HOW? Do you UNDERSTAND?
Find the number of each kind of stamp 2. What did you do to find the number
in the collection. Use counters. of inventor stamps in Ricardo’s
collection?
1. Ricardo has 9 stamps in all. He
has 2 nation stamps and 3 more
3. Write a Problem Write a problem
inventor stamps than flower stamps.
about coin collections that you can
Nation Stamps ⫽ ■ solve by using reasoning.
Inventor Stamps ⫽ ■
Flower Stamps ⫽ ■

Independent Practice
Find the number of each kind of object in Anya’s
collection. Use counters or draw pictures to help.
4. Anya’s Collection of Minerals,
Gemstones and Rocks
• What do I know?
6 minerals
• What am I asked to find?
3 fewer gemstones than rocks.
• What diagram can I use to help
15 objects in all. understand the problem?
Minerals ⫽ ■ • Can I use addition, subtraction,
Gemstones ⫽ ■ multiplication, or division?

Rocks ⫽ ■ • Is all of my work correct?

• Did I answer the right question?
• Is my answer reasonable?

*For another example, see Set E on page 245. Lesson 11-6 239

27289_238-240_002 239 12/1/06 4:01:33 PM

 5. There are 10 fish in all in Percy’s fish 6. Norah’s dog weighs 9 pounds
tank. Four of the fish are angel fish. more than her cat. Her dog weighs
There are 4 more mollie fish than 6 pounds less than Jeff’s dog.
tetra fish. How many of each kind of Norah’s cat weighs 7 pounds.
fish are in the tank? How much does Jeff’s dog weigh?

Vote for Class Collection

7. The students in Mr. Cole’s class voted
on which kind of collection they
should start as a class. The graph Plants

Kind of Collection
shows the results. How many more
Rocks
votes did the collection with the
greatest number of votes get than
Seashells
the collection with the least number
of votes?
Stamps

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Number of Votes

8. Isadora has 15 seashells in her 9. Lyn, Kurt, and Steve wrote a riddle
collection. The seashells are oyster about their ages. Lyn is 7 years older
shells, clam shells, and conch shells. than Steve. Steve is 5 years old. The
There are 6 clam shells. There are sum of their ages is 25 years. How
2 fewer clam shells than oyster old is Kurt?
shells. How many conch shells are
in the collection?

10. Stonehenge is an ancient monument 11. At the town pet

in England made up of a pattern of show, Dina saw 48 pets. There were
rocks that looks like this: 6 birds and 7 cats. The remaining
pets were dogs. Which number
sentence shows one way to find the
number of pets that were dogs?
A 48 ⫺ 6 ⫺ 7 ⫽ ■
B 48 ⫹ 6 ⫼ 7 ⫽ ■
Draw the shape that comes next in
this pattern. C 48 ⫺ 6 ⫻ 7 ⫽ ■
D 6 ⫻ 7 ⫻ 48 ⫽ ■

240

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 Write the place of the underlined digit. Then write its value.
1. 312,937
2. 64,285
3. 270,591

Name the solid figures you would get if you cut the solid figure
as shown.
4. 5. 6.

Find the missing numbers in each pattern. Write a rule for the pattern.
7. 40, 35, 30, ■, ■ 8. 7, 11, 15, ■, ■ 9. 28, 25, 22, ■, ■

Copy and complete. Use counters or draw a picture to help.

10. 2 ⫻ ■ ⫽ 14 11. 8 ⫻ ■ ⫽ 40 12. 9 ⫻ ■ ⫽ 54
14 ⫼ 2 ⫽ ■ 40 ⫼ 8 ⫽ ■ 54 ⫼ 9 ⫽ ■

Error Search Find each product or quotient that is not correct.

Write it correctly and explain the error.
13. 3 ⫻ 6 ⫽ 9 14. 7 ⫻ 5 ⫽ 75 15. 72 ⫼ 9 ⫽ 8 16. 36 ⫼ 4 ⫽ 8 17. 21 ⫼ 3 ⫽ 7

Number Sense
Estimating and Reasoning Write true or false for each statement.
If it is false, explain why.
18. The product of 1 and 6 is greater than 6.

19. The difference 8,423 ⫺ 7,591 is less than 1,000.

20. The product of 7 and 8 is greater than the product of 6 and 8.

21. The quotient 42 ⫼ 6 is less than 5.

22. The quotient 27 ⫼ 9 is greater than the quotient 18 ⫼ 9.

Lesson 11-6 241

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 1. What is the rule for the pattern? 4. Hank and some friends had a party
(11-2) at the zoo. Below is a guide to find
29, 24, 19, 14, 9 the total price of admission for
groups of different sizes.
A Subtract 4
Total Number Total Admission
B Subtract 5 of Children Price

C Divide by 4 3 $21
D Divide by 5 5 $35

2. Fran has 3 grapes. Ivan has 6 times 7 ■

as many grapes as Fran. Which
numerical expression shows how 9 $63
to find the number of grapes Ivan
has? (11-5) What is the cost for 7 children? (11-3)
A 6⫹3 A $37
B 6⫺3 B $48
C 6⫻3 C $49
D 6⫼3 D $56
3. What rule can be used to 5. Coach Kizer needs to form equal
find the number of legs on sized teams. The table shows
7 grasshoppers? (11-4) the number of teams formed for
Number of
different numbers of players.
Grasshoppers 3 5 7 9
Number of
24 32 40 72
Number of
Legs 18 30 ■ 54 Players
Number of
Teams 3 4 ■ 9
A Add 15
B Divide by 6 What rule can be used to find how
many teams are formed if there are
C Multiply by 5 40 players? (11-4)
D Multiply by 6 A Divide by 8
B Divide by 6
C Multiply by 8
D Multiply by 6

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 6. Jasmine has a wallpaper border in 9. Joe has 18 pets. Ten of his pets are
her room. Which shows the next fish. The rest are birds and hamsters.
3 objects in the pattern? (11-1) He has 2 fewer birds than hamsters.
How many birds does he have? (11-6)
A 2
B 3
A
C 4
D5
B
10. The table shows the number of eggs
C Mrs. Inez needs for banana bread.
Each loaf gets the same number of
eggs. How many eggs does she need
D for 5 loaves? (11-3)
Number Number
of Loaves of Eggs
7. Football players came out of the
tunnel in the pattern shown below. 1 2

2 4
12 16 20 28
3 6
What number belongs on the blank
jersey? (11-2) A 8
A 26 B 10
B 25 C 12
C 24 D 14
D 22
11. Which numerical expression shows
8. What is a rule for the pattern? (11-2) 2 feet shorter than 18 feet? (11-5)
11, 20, 29, 38, 47 A 2 ⫺ 18
A Add 10 B 18 ⫼ 2
B Multiply by 9 C 18 ⫹ 2
C Multiply by 10 D 18 ⫺ 2
D Add 9

Topic 11 Test Prep 243

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 Set A, pages 226–227

Draw the next three shapes to continue Remember to first find the part of
the pattern. the pattern that repeats.
Draw the next three shapes or
numbers to continue the pattern.
Find the part of the pattern that repeats.
1.

Then continue the pattern.

2. 3, 5, 7, 9, 3, 5, 7, 9, 3, 5, 7

Set B, pages 228–229

Find a rule for the pattern. Use your rule to Remember to check that your rule
continue the pattern. works with all of the given numbers
for the pattern.
24, 21, 18, 15, 12, ■, ■, ■,
Find a rule for each pattern. Use
⫺3 ⫺3 ⫺3 ⫺3 ⫺3 ⫺3 ⫺3
your rule to continue the pattern.
Rule: Subtract 3 1. 5, 7, 9, ■, ■, ■
12 ⫺ 3 ⫽ 9 9⫺3⫽6 6⫺3⫽3
2. 22, 18, 14, ■, ■, ■
The next numbers in the pattern are 9, 6, and 3.

Set C, pages 230–234

Find a rule and fill in the table. Remember to use the number
pairs in a table to find a rule.
Number of
Ants
1 2 3 4 5
Find the missing numbers. Write
Number of
Legs
6 ■ 18 24 ■ a rule.
1. Number of
One rule is “multiply the number of ants by 6.” Cars
1 2 3 4

Number of
Number of
Wheels
4 8 ■ ■
Ants
1 2 3 4 5
Number of
6 12 18 24 30
Legs 2.
Saved $8 $12 $15 $6 $10
The missing numbers are 12 and 30. Earned $16 $24 ■ ■ $20

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 Set D, pages 236–237

Some friends made posters for a music night. Remember that ■ stands for a
Kelli made 3 times as many posters as Rob. value in the problem.
Suppose ■ stands for the number of posters
1. Some friends each brought
Rob made. Write a numerical expression to
food for a picnic. Nan brought
show how many posters Kelli made.
4 times as many bread slices
Word phrase as the number of friends.
“3 times as many posters as Rob made”
Suppose ■ stands for the
Write: number of friends. Write a
Numerical expression numerical expression to show
3⫻■ how many bread slices Nan
brought.
2. The same friends will share
16 peaches equally. Write a
numerical expression to show
how many peaches each friend
should get.

Set E, pages 238–240

When you solve a problem by acting it out, Remember to decide what the
follow these steps. objects represent before you act
out the problem.
Step 1 Step 2
Solve. Find the number of each
Choose objects to act Show what you know kind of object in the collection.
out the problem. using the objects.
1. Ben’s Sticker Collection
• 17 stickers in all
Step 3 Step 4 • 6 star stickers
Act out the problem. Use reasoning to find
• 3 fewer smiley face stickers
the answer. than planet stickers
Star Stickers ⫽ ■
Smiley Face Stickers ⫽ ■
Planet Stickers ⫽ ■

Topic 11 Reteaching 245

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