COURSE:

FUNDAMENTALS OF MANAGEMENT (MGT162)

SEMESTER:

OCTOBER 2020- FEBRUARY 2021

REPORT TITLE:
GROUP ASSIGNMENT
(KOPOK SDN BHD)

CLASS:
AC1101C

PREPARED BY:
NAME STUDENT I/D

1) MUHAMMAD IKHWAN RIFQI BIN MOHD RIDZUAN (2020610016)

2) NUR ILYA NATASHA BINTI MUHAMED RIZAL (2020880158)
3) NUR SYARAFINA BINTI NOORZAIDRUL (2020824734)
4) NUR RAUDHAH BINTI ROSLAN (2020815962)
5) NUR IZZAH BINTI RASDAN (2020815348)

PREPARED FOR:

SIR MOHD AIDIL RIDUAN AWANG KADER

 TABLE OF CONTENT

NO CONTENTS PAGE

1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 1

2 INTRODUCTION: -
• COMPANY BACKGROND 2

3 PLANNING 3-5

4 ORGANIZING 6-7

5 LOCUS OF DECISION MAKING 8

5 LEADING 9

6 CONTROLLING 10 - 13

7 CONCLUSION 14

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Bismillahirrahmannirahim, Assalamualaikum WBT, first and foremost we are grateful to Allah

SWT for His showers of blessings throughout our group assignment and we manage to complete it
successfully.

We would like to express our deep and sincere gratitude to our lecturer, Sir Mohd Aidil Riduan
Bin Awang Kader, Lecturer in Fundamental of Management UiTM Jengka, for giving us the opportunity
to do this assignment and providing invaluable guidance throughout this assignment. His dynamism, vision,
sincerity and motivation have deeply inspired us. He has taught us all the topic in Fundamental of
Management and also give us examples of this assignment. It was a great privilege and honour to work and
study under his guidance. We are extremely grateful for what he has offered us.

We are extremely grateful to our parents for their love, prayers, caring and sacrifices for educating
and preparing us for our future. We are very much thankful to our friends for their love, understanding,
prayers and continuing support us to complete this assignment.

Last but not least, thanks to all parties who have involved directly or indirectly in the process of
completing this assignment. Thank you.

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 INTRODUCTION

Kopok Enterprise was founded by Ikhwan Rifqi in 2014. In the first place, the business was running
in a small shop lot, a place where it is an office for meetings and marketing and factory where the products
been produced. Kopok Enterprise is one of the Pahang’s ‘Keropok Lekor’ producer where it is not a
common nature of business in Pahang. ‘Keropok Lekor’ is a well-known snack from Terengganu as it is
one of their traditional food.

Basic ingredients in making ‘Keropok Lekor’ are fish, sago flour and salt. These three ingredients can
make different forms of it which are Lekor (long and chewy) can be steamed and fried, or chips (thin and
crispy). The snacks can be eaten with a homemade chili sauce or our special sauce ‘Cheesy Hot Sauce’.

The first product that produced by Kopok Enterprise is Frozen Lekor that come with homemade chili
sauce. At that time, Kopok Enterprise aim to let people know the brand and the quality of our products that
we produced. The business grew from day to day until three years after the establishment of Kopok
Enterprise, we are able to open a factory of Kopok Lekor. Kopok Enterprise continue to expand the business
by producing more products and in 2018 Kopok Enterprise achieved their sales target by 15M sales a year,
this was a huge success where Kopok Enterprise took a big step to expand the company more and registered
for SDN BHD. Kopok Enterprise are now known as Syarikat Kopok SDN BHD. Through research and
development (R&D) and technology, Kopok SDN BHD able to produce many kinds of products from
frozen foods to snacks such as Frozen Sata and Keropok Lekor chips.

Kopok SDN BHD have been selling the products in every state of Malaysia including Sabah and
Sarawak. We are not only supplying our products in small grocery store but we also supplying our products
in big supermarket like Tesco and Mydin. We are now aiming to grow our business in global market in
producing and introducing Malaysia’s favourite snacks to the world.

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PLANNING

Vision

Kopok SDN BHD aims to be more creative and innovative in producing our products to become the
Malaysians’ number one choice. The brand and quality of our products is our priority as we want to be
trusted by the customers. We also aims to expand our business with exporting the products to other countries
so that our products will be known in worldwide.
Mission

1. Produce good quality product and favor the customers.

The quality of products is our main objectives as our products are made from fresh
and quality ingredient. We also need feedbacks from customers to make improvement
on our product which means that we prior our customers’ needed.

2. Generate food industry in economy

The primary objective of Kopok SDN BHD is to provide a healthy competition
among other companies in food industry. Besides, we need to be comparable with
each level of food company as we aim to be one of the top company in food industry.

3. Attract people with healthy food

We manage to produce our products with less preservations and food addition instead
using healthy ingredient according to food pyramid and diet on each serving. We also
prepare all the information needed by customers on each product.

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Standing Plan

1. Policy – The employees must have qualifications accordingly the job scope prepared in our
company. Moreover, they need to have typhoid injection each 2 years as it is
important to all food handlers and we prior the cleanliness in producing our
products. Other than that, the employees need to sign contract with the company to
prevent anything bad happen.

2. Procedure – Kopok SDN BHD will make sure to satisfy the customers either in products or
services. For services, we provide our hotline on our products if there is any
complaints or feedbacks from customers. While as for products, we justify our
customers’ trust with providing significant information on each product. This
could give improvement to maintain our company.

3. Rules – Producing our products with clean and safe according to Food Regulations 1985.
Major concern such as nutrition and ingredient content, food additive, environment
and packaging also become our priority in producing the products. The employees
also need to wear protective and safety equipment in order to maintain the
cleanliness.

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Single Use Plan

1. Programme – Kopok SDN BHD plans to reward the employees if they could be the highest.
selling workers yearly with prize money or awarding them with travel
package. This can influence them to be more desire to increase the products’
sales or working harder in production. Hence, it could give benefit to both
company and employees.

2. Project – We intend to add more branches in a few states in Malaysia to expand our
business in local market and expend some budget in food truck business following
the trend. This could help increasing our sales hence our brand and products will
be known locally before we can promote them in world wide’s market.

3. Budget – Kopok SDN BHD make a budget in funding about two or three new branches a
year and rewarding the employees. Other than that, we also plan the amount of
budget that we should spend on operating expense, packaging, exporting and
workers’ salaries. All of company’s planning has been planned precisely to ensure
the stability of company’s financial.

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ORGANIZING

KOPOK SDN BHD

CEO
IKHWAN RIFQI

Sales and Human Manufacturing

Marketing Resources and Production

Finance and
Operations
Accounting

Branch Branch
Manager Manager

Kopok SDN BHD splits their organization into department based on specialized functional such as
sales and marketing, operations, human resources, finance and accounting and manufacturing and
production. This hierarchical approach is commonly known as functional structure. This structure
encourages the employees in their profession to become expert. In other words, in order to accomplish the
company goals, they can bring out their skills development and knowledge to their task. In addition, through
specialization, they can boost the degree of efficiency. Workers with the advance skills can conduct the
task at high speed, reliably and with more confidence because of their expertise and knowledge of the task.
Thereby, it can decrease the frequency of work-related errors. Furthermore, this structure also can help the
employees to clearly understanding the task that given to them since they only focus to the one particular
task.

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 As our business grows bigger, our company tend to use decentralization for the organization because
of the top management of Kopok SDN BHD needs to spend and focus more on strategical important
decisions with a larger abundance of time. This gives the power to make a decision on behalf of CEO to
the lower and middle level of management in the company.
For example, when CEO of Kopok SDN BHD has a proposal to launch a new product, the CEO will
invite all the head department to do some meetings about the new product. The target to be reached, the
limitations that need to be taken into consideration are outlined during the meeting between CEO and head
of department of the company. The plan is formulated by the each of head department, then they will give
the decision to the manager of department to make their own decision since the CEO gives them the power
to monitor the process of new product. It is important because the manager does not have to wait for the
outcome of decision to go up to the top management. Hence,it will save more time and can produce the
product more quickly.
In addition, since this company was founded three years ago, our business has expanded in all the
eastern and western states of Malaysia. The head of operations department employs the store manager at
each of the store and give them authority to make a decision on areas such as managing the menu, staffing,
customer service and store operations. The store manager is responsible for its own operation. This
decentralization is important because it anything bad happens at the store, the manger can make a quick
decision and outcome will be quicker and specific, conscious of the actual scenario. It also leads to better
management of each outlet.
Lastly, our company has its own factory making all the output of Kepok SDN BHD products, when
the machine at our factory breakdown during the night shift, the supervisor of manufacturing department
has the power to make the decision whether to proceed with the operating or end it. Normally, our
supervisor will help to repair the machine first with the assistance by our technical team. If it not possible
to repair the machine, then he will decide to stop the operation and sends the machine to be fixed. This
decentralization is very important because the CEO not always in the office, especially after the office hour
and this incident need to be taken immediately.

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LOCUS OF DECISION MAKING

Decision making is a process through which managers and leaders that identify and resolve the
problems and capitalize the opportunities. There are two types of decision making which is programmed
decision and non-programmed decision.

First is programmed decisions. Programmed decision is the decisions that have occurred in the
past and the response is routine. Most of the decision is made by the first and middle level managers. The
first programmed decision made in Kopok SDN BHD is employee leave applications. Every year, employee
will apply for leave during the festive season such as Hari Raya Holiday.Normally, the managers will
approve the leave application for the old staff first and the new staff must work on first and second day of
Hari Raya.The next programmed decision is the work schedule. In Kopok SDN BHD, the employees are
divided into a several departments and each department have a different work schedule. For example, the
operations department employees must work in two shift which is morning and evening shift while the
finance and accounting department only work during the working hours which is from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m.
Apart from that, employees’ bonus and salaries is also one of the programmed decisions made in Kopok
SDN BHD.Usually, the employees’ bonus and salaries rate are different according to their level of work.
For example, the executive in Kopok SDN BHD will get the salaries around RM 5,000-RM 8,000 and will
get the bonus worth RM 2,000 at the end of the year. Meanwhile, the operations and sales marketing staff
will get the salaries around RM 1,200-RM 2,500 and get the bonus worth RM 500 at the end of the year.

Second is non programmed decisions. Non-programmed decisions is the decisions made in response
to situation that are unique, un-routine, unstructured and involves a great amount of uncertainty and risks.
So, the first non-programmed decision made in Kopok SDN BHD is handling the disaster such as a sudden
outbreak started at the end of 2019 until now. For example, due to a sudden outbreak, government has
announced the Movement Control Order (MCO) so, Kopok SDN BHD company have to make a decision
on how to keep the company operating process when there are only a few workers can do their work at the
workplace while the other have to work from home. The second non programmed decision is to launch a
new product. The CEO have to make decision whether he want to launch the new product or not during the
Covid-19 pandemic. For example, during the Covid-19 pandemic consumer set a limit to their budgets and
only buy the daily essential items so, the CEO of Kopok SDN BHD have to make the right decision before
they launch a new product because if the new product do not get a response from consumers, the company
might face a substantial loss. The third non programmed decision is open a new branch in inexperienced
location. For example, when the CEO are planning to open a new branch of Kopok SDN BHD in East
Malaysia which is Sabah and Sarawak, he has to make the right decision whether he should or should not
open a new branch there because the company have no operating experience in interior areas and the CEO
do not know the risk that will faced by the company.

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LEADING

There are lot of different leadership styles that has been used in many companies such as supportive
leader, directive leader, participative leader and achievement leader. The leadership style that Kopok SDN
BHD use is participative leadership. The CEO and top-level manager will participate to communicate and
give instructions to the employees. One of the reasons why we use this type of leadership because we have
a lot of experienced employees. Kopok SDN BHD used participative leadership to complete the complex
task such as when we are launching our new product. We will work together as a team to achieve the the
objective and goals of the project. The CEO will consult with the group so the task will be easier because
more ideas coming from various employees. The CEO and top-level managers used this participative
leadership to give supports to their employees and co-workers. For example, our employees always blaming
their self if any works or project fail. So, the CEO will always motivate them and put the blame together so
that the employees and co-workers are not unmotivated and will improve themselves.

There are few things that our CEO do to motivate the employees and co-workers in terms of monetary
and non-monetary. In terms of monetary, CEO will give extra bonusses to employees if they work harder
and succeed to achieve the goals that has been set to them. Other than that, CEO will always hold a company
dinner if they have any events or to celebrate certain things such as Hari Raya Aidilfitri, Chinese New Year,
Deepavali and many more. By doing this, the employees will feel appreciated and thrilled to do their works
well. Then, in terms of non-monetary the CEO will hold programs that can give a ‘time out’ or can reduce
stress and enjoyable for the employees and co-workers such as family days, trips or even a gathering every
morning before starting the works and the CEO will give some motivations and explain about company’s
mission and vision and what the company expect from them. This will strengthen the relationship between
the CEO and employees.

Lastly, it is normal for every company to have a few of bad behavior employees. Every top-level
manager should take an action to fix the attitude of these bad behavior employees. The top-level manager
of Kopok SDN BHD can give a warning to them, at least three times. If they receive the second warning
and still did not improve their self, the top-level manager gives third warning and take an action such as
suspended or fired the bad attitude’s employees. Other than that, the top-level manager will lower the salary
of the problematic employees. They will get their regular payment earned for work if they show the good
attitudes to the top-level manager.

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CONTROLLING

Four fundamental steps in controlling process of Syarikat Kopok SDN BHD are establishing
standards, measure actual performance, compare performance against standards and determine need for
corrective action. First and foremost, the first step of controlling process is establishing standards. Kopok
SDN BHD’s organization members have decided to set a measurable and specific standard to compare
performance of the company. Each year, Kopok SDN BHD set a target to achieve additional of 2 Million
in their sales target of their frozen foods and snacks. For example, in 2018, Kopok SDN BHD achieved 15
Million target sales a year and in 2019 Kopok SDN BHD set a target to achieved 2 Million more so by the
end of the year they have to achieved 17 Million sales targets.

Additionally, the second step in controlling process is to measure actual performance. In order to
Kopok SDN BHD achieved their standards and targets, they have to measure the performance of the
company whether they are making progression or they have any problems in producing the products or not.
Kopok SDN BHD measure the sales performance twice a year. They will collect information of the
performance half of the first year and another half at the end of the year. For example, in the first half of
2019, they found that they have achieved 55% of their sales target, they must keep up the good momentum
until the end of the year so the company can achieve the target they set.

Moreover, the third step is to compare the performance against the standard. Kopok SDN BHD must
compare the actual result in the end of the year, whether the performance higher than, lower than or identical
to the standard or target that they want to achieve. As an example, in the end of the year of 2019, they
compared the actual result of their target sales and found that the result is identical to the standard which
means that they achieved 17 Million of sales of their products.

Lastly, the fourth step is to determine whether there is a need for corrective action. The sales standard
of Kopok SDN BHD is match to the standard that they set so they will maintain status quo where they do
not have to do anything except for maintaining their sales, marketing etc. Kopok SDN BHD will continuing
with the standard that they set for next year for their sales of frozen foods and snacks. If the actual
performance does not match with the standard which is lower than the standard, they must correct the
deviation or change their standards such as they have to set a lower standard.

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 There are so many challenges or problems that have been faced by Kopok SDN BHD in expanding
their business and brand in Malaysia. Firstly, in the food industries especially in ‘Lekor’ industry, there are
so many competitions come from different brands and companies. As we know that, ‘Lekor’ is originally
from Terengganu, Kopok SDN BHD is one of the Pahang’s company that sell ‘Lekor’ products which is
rare in the industry of ‘Lekor’. It is because mostly the popular brands of ‘Lekor’ and keropok lekor chips
or fish chips in the market are homemade brands from Terengganu. This is such a huge competition for
Kopok SDN BHD to compete with the Terengganu’s Lekor brands because customer always preferred the
original one.

Next, as the brand is expanding and growing, it is very costly to maintain the business. This is a major
problem that has been faced by Kopok SDN BHD every day. As they have to increase production, they
need to hire more employees especially when the company started to be supplying the products to huge
supermarket such as Tesco and Mydin. Kopok SDN BHD have to meet the dateline and quantities supplied
based on their agreement, so they have to hire more employees to meet the demand. Moreover, Kopok SDN
BHD also have to employ more experts’ employees in the company especially for Accounting department
and Research and Development (R&D) department. In addition, the maintenance of the machines in the
factory are very costly as it has to be check regularly so there will be no problems in produce the products
and to prevent any accidents and injuries during the production.

Furthermore, these days due to modern eras, technology and trends are growing very fast. Kopok SDN
BHD have to face a problem where they have to always upgrade the technologies that have been used and
have to produce more new products and think creatively and innovative to compete and stay relevant in the
industry. Trends will always change depends on the situation and Internet. For instance, Kopok SDN BHD
cannot depends on the supermarket only, they have to join the trends such as online shopping. Nowadays
lots of customer love to shop online because it is more convenience and fast. Moreover because of the
outbreak of Covid-19, online shopping became more crucial and safest because we can prevent the covid-
19 infections. So, it is very important for Kopok SDN BHD to always alert with the growth of technologies
and trends so Kopok SDN BHD will not be left behind and became irrelevant in the industry.

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 Besides, the future will always be unpredictable, this is a major challenge that have to be faced by
Kopok SDN BHD in growing the business. In the future, there may be economics struggle, a sudden disease
outbreak and many accidents more. Kopok SDN BHD cannot expect what will happen in the future. For an
example, suddenly in the end of 2019, there is an outbreak of pandemic of Covid-19 until now, the pandemic
causes many factories to stop the production and many factories including Kopok SDN BHD are now facing
an economic struggle and they have to fired so many employees to maintain running the operations during
this pandemic.

Equally important, as Kopok SDN BHD growing bigger, there is a major challenge where they have
to face which is, they have to keep monitoring the employee’s productivity and performance in order to
achieve the goals and mission statements. This is very important to Kopok SDN BHD because their
factories are almost 65% rely on employee’s productivity. If the employees slacking off at work, the
production will be getting slower and this cost a huge loss to Kopok SDN BHD because they cannot meet
the demand, or the quality of their products may decrease.

There are so many ways for Kopok SDN BHD to overcome those challenges and problems they face.
For instance, due to competitive competition in the ‘Lekor’ industry, Kopok SDN BHD have to do a better
job in marketing and producing more outstanding product that is unique and tasty. Marketing is an effective
way to increase sales and profits, advertisement in social medias is one of the effective marketing to attract
customers. It is because nowadays, most people use social medias every time and anywhere.
Advertisements in most use applications such as Instagram and Youtube can make customers attracted and
interested in products of Kopok SDN BHD. Moreover, Kopok SDN BHD also can open stall in mall that
sell ‘fried Lekor’ with special sauce. Small stall in shopping mall can attracts many customers, this is an
opportunity to let customers taste the product of Kopok SDN BHD and became the loyal customer of Kopok
SDN BHD.

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 Furthermore, in order for Kopok SDN BHD to keep maintain in the industry, the CEO must play a
good role as a leader. The CEO must have the skills to think ahead and think out of the box. A good CEO
have solutions in every problem and strategically leading the employees and company in developing the
business. Every strategic planning of the CEO can save the company from any circumstances ahead such
as in the pandemic of Covid-19, many businesses struggles both economically and mentally. However,
Kopok SDN BHD can survive because of strategic planning of the CEO beforehand. Next, the CEO of
Kopok SDN BHD also have to practice financial management in the business or hire financial consultants
to taking care the company’s financial. This allows the CEO to allocate the resources and budgets
accordingly and systematically without any waste and unnecessary expenses.

Additionally, due to fast growth of Internet and technology, many applications and websites are
created for customer to shopping and ordering online. Kopok SDN BHD took this as an advantage
especially during this pandemic of Covid-19, many people need to stay at home because of the Movement
Control Order by the government. Kopok SDN BHD joining many deliveries services to deliver all products
cooked or uncooked to the customer’s houses such as Food Panda Delivery and Grab Food. Moreover,
Kopok SDN BHD also participating in online platform such as Shopee Mart to sell their snacks and can be
delivered to every state in Malaysia including Sabah and Sarawak.

In a nutshell, Kopok SDN BHD monitor every employee’s performance by hiring manager and
supervisor in each department including in the factories. The manager and supervisor had been given an
authority to make decisions on behalf of the top management especially in emergency situations. The
production of Kopok SDN BHD would not disrupt and Kopok SDN BHD can supply their products without
any problems.

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CONCLUSION

First and foremost, learning the Fundamental of Management subject has taught us a lot in business.
We can also understand this subject even more when we are given a group assignment that requires us to
build a company, namely Kopok Sdn bhd.

Next, here we can conclude that Kopok SDN BHD company can grow rapidly because it has a very
clear vision and mission. This company also has a strategic plan that allows this company to grow more
advanced and able to compete with other large companies in the future.In terms of organizing, Kopok Sdn
bhd company use a functional structure where Ikhwan Rifqi is the company's Chief Executive Officer
(CEO) while in terms of leadership style, Kopok Sdn bhd use participative leadership style where CEO use
various ways to motivate his employees. Not only that, but this company also use various strategies in
dealing with the problems faced by the company.

Finally, we hope that Kopok SDN BHD will be more successful in the future thus being able to
promote all the products in the international market.Not only that,we also hope that this company is better
known not only in Malaysia but all over the world.

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