Behaviorist Perspective

GROUP 3
Members:
Ace paul Laganas
Allandra Mae Haban
Carlo Lazaro
Digna Ignacio
Gia Lopez
Jennifer Isidro
Kathlien Gongora
Rhecamae Espina
Widen Garcia
Zannel Gregorio
MODULE 5
BEHAVIORIST
PERSPECTIVE
WHAT IS BEHAVIORIST PERSPECTIVE?
>Is a Theory of psychology that states human
behaviors are not learned ,not initiate,
Behaviorism approach asserts that human being
have no free will and that all actions.
>Behaviorist believe that all behaviors are the

result of experience ,any person regardless of
his or her background , can be trained to act in a
particular manner given the right conditioning.
BEHAVIORIST PERSPECTIVE
BEHAVIORISM NEO- BEHAVIORISM
IVAN PAVLOV > CLASSICAL EDWARD TOLMAN >

CONDITIONING PURPOSIVE BEHAVIORISM
EDWARD THORNDIKE>
CONNECTIONISM THEORY ALBERT BANDURA’S >
SOCIAL LEARNING
BURRHUS SKINNER > THEORY
OPERANT CONDITIONING
4
Ivan Pavlov
>best known in psychology for his discovery of classical
conditioning. During his studies on the digestive
systems of dogs, Pavlov noted that the animals
salivated naturally upon the presentation of food.
What is classical conditioning?

> type of learning that had a major influence on the school
of thought in psychology known as behaviorism, also as a
learning process that occurs through associations
between an environmental stimulus and a naturally
occurring stimulus.
6
Pavlov Findings 5 key of principle
of classical conditioning.
1. Stimulus generation
2. Extinction
3. Spontaneous Recovery
4. Discrimination
5. High order thinking 7

1. Stimulus Generation- Once the dog has
learned to salivate at the sound of the bell, it will
salivate at other similar sound.
2. Extinction- if you stop pairing the bell with food,

salivation will eventually cease in response to the
bell.
3. Spontaneous Recovery- Extinguished response

can be recovered after an elapsed time, but will soon
extinguish again if the dog is not presented the food.
8
4. Discrimination- The dog can learn to discriminate
between familiar bells and discern which bell would
result in the presentation of food and which would not.
5. Higher Order Conditioning- Once the dog has

been conditioned to associate the bell with food, another
unconditioned stimulus, such as a light may be flashed
at the same time that the bell is rung. Eventually the dog
will salivate at the flash of the light without the sound of
the bell.
9
Edward Thorndike
> famous in psychology for his work on learning theory that
lead to the development of operant conditioning within
behaviorism.
> CONNECTIONISM The learning theory of Thorndike

represents the original S-R ( Stimulus and Response )
framework of behavioral psychology: Learning is the result
of associations forming between
10
stimuli and responses.
Such associations or "habits“.
THREE BASIC LAW OF THORNDIKE
Law of Readiness- means that learning takes place

when an action tendency is aroused.
Law of Exercise- means that drill or practice helps in

increasing efficiency and durability of learning.
Law of Effect- means that any behavior that is followed

by pleasant consequences is11 likely to be repeated.
Thorndike also refer to five subordinate laws which further help to explain the
learning process.
Law of Multiple Response- means a change or variation in response till an

appropriate behaviour is arrived at.
Law of Set or Attitude- means learning is affected more in the individual if he is

set to learn more or to excel.
Pre- potency of Elements: means learner would react selectively to the important
or essential in the situation neglecting the non-essential features thus leading to
analytical and insightful learning.
Law of Response by Analogy- means utilising old experiences in new situation.
Law of Associative Shifting- means we may get an response from learner with
other
12 situation to which he is sensitive.
SKINNER- theory of learning in which learning is a process of
‘conditioning’ in an environment of stimulus, reward and
punishment.
> Skinner studied operant condioning by conducting

experiments using animals which he placed in a ‘SKINNER
BOX’
Operant Conditioning
>also known as instrumental conditioning and Operant
conditioning involves learning through the consequences of
behavior. 13
14
Skinner identified Three type of responses, or
operant, that can follow behavior.
Neutral Operants- Responses from the environment that
neither increase nor decrease the probability of a behavior
being repeated.
Reinforcers- Responses from the environment that increase

the probability of a behavior being repeated.
Punishers- Responses from the environment that decrease

the likelihood of a behavior being repeated. Punishment
weakens behavior 15
TWO TYPE OF REINFORCEMENT
>POSITIVE REINFORCEMENT
A response or behavior is strengthened by rewards, leading to
the repetition of desired behavior. The reward is a reinforcing
stimulus.
> NEGATIVE REINFORCEMENT

Is the termination of an unpleasant state following a response
It is the removal of an adverse stimulus which is ‘rewarding’ to
the animal or person.
Strengthens behavior because 16 it stops or removes an
unpleasant experience.
4 types of reinforcement schedule
1. Fixed Ratio Reinforcement
> Behavior is reinforced only after the behavior occurs a specified
number of times.
2. Fixed Interval Reinforcement
> One reinforcement is given after a fixed time interval providing
at least one correct response has been made.
3. Variable Ratio Reinforcement
> Behavior is reinforced after an unpredictable number of times.
4. Variable Interval Reinforcement
> Providing one correct response has been made, reinforcement
is given after an unpredictable amount
17 of time has passed.
Neo behaviorism
> Is a behavior cannot be full understood simply in
terms of observable stimuli and reactions. Neo
behaviorism introduce mediating variables into the
behaviorist stimulus- response scheme.
Edward Tolman
> is perhaps best-known for his work with rats and
mazes. Tolman's work challenged the behaviorist
notion that all behavior and learning is a result of the
basic stimulus-response pattern.
18
TOLMAN KEY CONCEPT OF PURPOSIVE BEHAVIORISM
1. Learning is always purposive and goal- 4. The concept of intervening variable.
directed. > Variables that are not readily seen but
serve as determinants of behaviour.
> Individuals do more than merely respond to
stimuli; they act on beliefs ,attitudes, > Learning Is mediated or is influenced by
changing conditions, and they strive towards expectations, perceptions,
goals. representations, needs and other internal
and environmental variables.
2.Cognitive maps in rats.
> Organisms will select the shortest or

5.Reinforcement not essential for
easiest path to achieve a goal. learning
3.Latent learning.
> Reinforcement is not essential for
> Learning remains or stays with the learning ,although it provides an incentive
individual until needed. for performance.
Albert Bandura’s Social Learning Theory
> Social Learning Theory focuses on the learning that
occurs within a social context. It considers that people
learn from one another, Including such concepts as
observational learning, imitation and modeling. The
ten- year old boy Sergio Pelico did watch Saddams’s
execution on TV and then must have imitated it
Among others, Albert Bantura is considered the
leading proponent of this theory.
20
3 BASIC SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY OF BANDURA
1. Observational Learning
> People can learn through observation
2. Intrinsic Reinforcement
> Mental states are important for learning.
3. The Modeling Process

> Learning does not lead to 21a change in behaviour.
OBSERVATIONAL LEARNING
> A live model: Involves an actual individual

demonstrating or acting out a behavior.
> A verbal instructional model: Involves descriptions and

explanations of a behavior.
> A symbolic model: Which involves real or fictional

characters displaying behaviors in books, films,
television programs, or online
22 media.
INTRINSIC REINFORCEMENT
> Intrinsic reinforcement is a form of internal reward, such as

pride, satisfaction and a sense of accomplishment
MODELING PROCESS
> Not all observed behaviors are effectively learned. Factors

involving both the model and the learner can play a role in
whether social learning is successful.
23
4 TYPES OF MODELLING PROCESS
1. Attention – the person must pay attention to the model
2. Retention- the observe must be able to remember the

behaviour that has been observed. One way of increasing this is
using the technique of rehearsal.
3. Motor Reproduction- the third condition is the ability to

replicate the behaviour that the model has just demonstrated.
4. Motivation- the final necessary ingredient for modeling to occur

in motivation.
General principles of social learning theory
1.People can learn by observing the behaviour of others and

outcomes of those behaviors.
2.Learning can occur without a change in behaviour.
3.Cognition plays a role in learning. Over the last 30 years, social

learning theory has become increasingly cognitive in interpretation
of human learning.
4.Social learning theory can be considered a bridge or a

transition between behaviourist25 learning theories and cognitive
theories.
SOCIAL LEARNING PERSPECTIVE OF
REINFORCEMENT AND PUNISHMENT
1. SLT proposes that both reinforcement and punishment have
indirect effects on learning. They are not the sole or main cause.
2. Reinforcement and punishment influence the extent to which an

individual exhibits a behaviour that has been learned.
3. The expectation of reinforcement influences cognitive

processes that promote learning. Therefore attention pays a
critical role in learning. And attention is influenced by the
expectation of reinforcement. 26
COGNITIVE FACTORS OF SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY
> Learning without performance: Bandura makes a distinction

between learning through observation and the actual imitation of what
has been learned.
> Cognitive processing during learning: social theorists contend

that attention is critical factor in learning.
> Expectations: as a result of being reinforced, people from

expectations about the consequences that future behaviors are likely to
bring. They expect certain behaviors to bring punishment. The learner
needs to be aware, however of the response punishment.
Reinforcement increases a response only when the learner is aware of
27
that connection.
> Reciprocal causation: Bandura proposed that behavior
can influence both the environment and the person. In fact
each of these three variables, the person, the behavior and
the environment can have an influence on each other.
> Modeling: There are different types of models. There is

a live model, an actual person demonstrating the behavior.
There can also be a symbolic model, which can be a
person or a action portrayed in some other medium, such
as television, videotape, computer programs
28
Educational implications of social learning theory
4. Modeling provides an alternative to
1. students often learn a great deal shaping for teaching new behaviors.
simply by observing other people Instead of using shaping, which is operant
conditioning, modeling can provide a
2. Describing the consequences of faster, more efficient means for teaching
behavior can effectively increase new behavior. To promote effective
the appropriate behaviors and modeling, a teacher must make sure that
decrease inappropriate ones. the four essential conditions exist;
attention, retention, motor reproduction,
3. Teachers should expose and motivation.
students to a variety of other
models. This technique is break 5. Teachers and parents must model
down traditional stereotypes. appropriate behaviors and take car that
they do not model inappropriate
29 behaviors
The BOBO DOLL Experiment
> The experiment involved exposing children to

two different adult models; an aggressive
model and a non-aggressive one. After
witnessing the adult's behavior, the children
would then be placed in a room without the model
and were observed to see if they would imitate
the behaviors they had witnessed earlier.
THANK YOU !
REFERENCES:
https://www.slideshare.net/mariaedralyn/behaviorist-perspective?fbclid=IwAR0396O6NJ1vWVRa6DdAE-
T6TZH1gxg4hTouZDYBdM5yeMcgAZauH2mj_xk
https://www.slideshare.net/reygodz19/what-is-behaviorist-
perspective?fbclid=IwAR1jrlwC_tyZ6TwQkBvSNUXjJDo1foJB8UiRuNnP1KIvSfKP4ulTEkEq1hA
https://www.slideshare.net/Amaljithravi/albert-bandura-and-social-learning-theory
31

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GROUP 3

>Behaviorist believe that all behaviors are the

BEHAVIORISM NEO- BEHAVIORISM

IVAN PAVLOV > CLASSICAL EDWARD TOLMAN >

What is classical conditioning?

5. High order thinking 7

2. Extinction- if you stop pairing the bell with food,

3. Spontaneous Recovery- Extinguished response

5. Higher Order Conditioning- Once the dog has

> CONNECTIONISM The learning theory of Thorndike

Law of Readiness- means that learning takes place

Law of Exercise- means that drill or practice helps in

Law of Effect- means that any behavior that is followed

Law of Multiple Response- means a change or variation in response till an

Law of Set or Attitude- means learning is affected more in the individual if he is

Law of Response by Analogy- means utilising old experiences in new situation.

> Skinner studied operant condioning by conducting

Reinforcers- Responses from the environment that increase

Punishers- Responses from the environment that decrease

> NEGATIVE REINFORCEMENT

> Organisms will select the shortest or

> Mental states are important for learning.

3. The Modeling Process

> A live model: Involves an actual individual

> A verbal instructional model: Involves descriptions and

> A symbolic model: Which involves real or fictional

> Intrinsic reinforcement is a form of internal reward, such as

> Not all observed behaviors are effectively learned. Factors

1. Attention – the person must pay attention to the model

2. Retention- the observe must be able to remember the

3. Motor Reproduction- the third condition is the ability to

4. Motivation- the final necessary ingredient for modeling to occur

1.People can learn by observing the behaviour of others and

2.Learning can occur without a change in behaviour.

3.Cognition plays a role in learning. Over the last 30 years, social

4.Social learning theory can be considered a bridge or a

2. Reinforcement and punishment influence the extent to which an

3. The expectation of reinforcement influences cognitive

> Learning without performance: Bandura makes a distinction

> Cognitive processing during learning: social theorists contend

> Expectations: as a result of being reinforced, people from

> Modeling: There are different types of models. There is

> The experiment involved exposing children to

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