REGENERATION OF

INFRASTRUCTURE
FACILITIES OF GENERAL
HOSPITAL AMPARA
PROGRESS PRESENTATION 01
SEMESTER 08

B.W.L.Y. Wickramanayake SEU/IS/15/EG/066

B.G.P. Shalika SEU/IS/15/EG/080
W.L.S. Jayalath SEU/IS/15/EG/019
S. Monitra SEU/IS/15/EG/035
W.M.K.L. Siriwardhana SEU/IS/15/EG/039
V. Pakeerathan SEU/IS/15/EG/009

Lecture In charge by:

Dr. J.A.S.P. Jayakody
1
CONTENT
Introduction

EIA Study

Alternative Solutions

Canteen and Waiting Area with Eco garden

Complex for pandemic situation

Drainage system

Internal road system

Vehicle parking

Building services
2
POPULATION DETAILS IN AMPARA DISTRICT
728,000
635,000

697,000
687,000
676,000
658,000
654,000 652,000 658,000
644,000
632,000 635,000
624,000
615,000

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Source : IMF © Statistica (2019)

With a annual population growth of 0.42%, Ampara district population count is 728,000 as at 2020

Out of population of 728,000, approximately 200,000 will benefit from the services of Ampara hospital

3
 PROJECT AIM
The main aim of this project is to analyze current infrastructure facilities and regenerate existing
infrastructure to meet the current and future demand with safety, comfortable and sustainable for
people for the next 20 year designing period.
4
OBJECTIVES
Identify key problems which To improve a separate
are necessary to overcome in infrastructure system to face
order to be social sustainable in pandemic situations
for the hospital effectively.

1 2 3 4

To monitor and analyze the To check whether any

operation of the active opportunities to improve a
infrastructure and to optimize healing architecture and
its function through improve efficient routes
regeneration. throughout the hospital.

5
Wards Area
Quarters
Maintenance Areas
Canteen
Garden
Mortuary
Office complex
Blood bank
Kitchen
Under construction area
ICU
CSSD
Car Parking Area
NTS
Waste Zone
Radiology
Drugs Store
Rehabilitation Centre
Operating Theatre
Sports Complex
Park

6
OUR APPROACH
AREA INFORMATION OF AMPARA HOSPITAL

Total Area of the

Hospital
Used Area 218530 m2
83%
Available Space

17% Used Area

181771 m2

Available Space
36759 m2

7
ANALYSIS OF DATA

• Bed supply rate (BSR) • Average length of stay (ALOS)

• Bed occupancy rate (BOR) • Bed turnover rate (BTR)

• Patient day or Bed days • Bed turnover interval (TOI)

8
 PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION

BED SUPPLY RATE (BSR)

900
800 800
NO: OF BED AVAILABLE
700 𝐵𝑆𝑅 = X 1000
NUMBER OF POPULATION SERVED
600
Beds

500 530
According to WHO standard there should be 5 beds
400
355 per 1000 population
300
200 Currently there is only 4 beds per 1000 population
100
0 There is a deficit of 200 beds currently in Ampara
2001 2010 2019 hospital

Year
9
BED OCCUPANCY RATE (BOR)
NUMBER OF PATIENTS DAY IN A YEAR
𝐵O𝑅 = X 100
NUMBER OF BEDS X 365

21000
𝐵O𝑅 = X 100 = 87.5%
800 X 30

12.5% of beds should be in vacant for use in an

emergency.

80%-85% BOR is ideal for good quality of patient care.

We can observe a 2.5% - 7.5% difference.

10
METHODOLOGY
• Canteen with grocery and waiting area.
• Separate infrastructure system to face in
pandemic situations

Proposed New
Design

Collection of data
Analysis of data EIA Report
and information

Proposing
alternative
solutions

• Maternity ward
• Surgical ward
• Parking

11
METHODOLOGY

Analysis done by using Building Tender Applying

Architectural & green
software and manual service document
Structural drawing concept to
calculations design and BOQ
the hospital

12
EIA STUDY
Objectives of an EIA study

• To ensure that the proposed alternatives have

been studied and to decide whether the
selected proposed project option is acceptable.

• To evaluate the potential adverse physical,

physiochemical, social and ecological
environmental impacts of the project.

• To propose suitable mitigation measures for

the negative impacts and to assess the
positive impacts of the proposed project.

13
EIA STUDY
REQUIREMENT OF EIA OR IEE REPORT

• “Prescribed" development projects are required to be subjected to

Environmental Impact Assessment.

• This project is not included to prescribe projects according to the

central environmental authority act number 47 1980 part 1 and part
3. Therefore, EIA or IEE report is not required.

• So it is sufficient to fill Basic Information Questionnaire

• But, it is required to identify environmental impact in construction

stage and operational stage. After, those impacts should be
mitigated.

14
 PROPOSING
ALTERNATIVE SOLUTIONS
1. Maternity ward

2. Surgical ward

Alternative solutions have been provided to mitigate

the patient's discomfort. The reasons for the
discomfort are

• Shortages of beds

• Lack of privacy

• Inadequate space between beds

•
Source : www.airforce.lk
Lack of contextual elements
15
 SPACE STANDARD
COMPONENTS BASED ON
WHO GUIDELINE
Bed size = 2250 mm × 1000 mm

Clearance space = 1200 mm

Total space for 1 bed room = (2250+1200) × (1000+1200)

= 3450 mm × 2200 mm

Vacant rate for maternity ward = 15% -20%

Occupancy = 80% -85%

Average length of stay (ALOS) = 1.5 days (low risk patients)

Source : google = 3.5 days (for high risk patients)

16
MATERNITY WARD

Number of annual birth×ALOS

Number of postpartum beds = 365×occupancy rate

Number of annual birth = 3500

ALOS = 1.5 + 3.5
= 5 days
Occupancy rate = 85%

Total minimum number of beds required = 3500 × 5

× 100
365 × 85
= 57
Existing number of beds = 35
The number of beds to be increased = 57-35
= 22
17
ALTERNATIVE SOLUTIONS FOR MATERNITY WARD

Existing plan Proposed plan

2,5

Doctor's room
Toilet
6

Toilet
and service
Support Postpartum

Support
3,3 and service unit Toilet

Toilet
5
Antenatal
unit

Labor room
Patients’ area Sterilization
room

Total number of beds = 73 Total number of beds = 92

18
ALTERNATIVE SOLUTIONS FOR SURGICAL WARD
Existing plan Proposed plan

Stock

equipment room
Counter document

Treatment
1 room

Waste zone
Toilet Conference
room
Medication
Counter room
2

Head nurse Computer

room room

Total number of beds = 55 Total number of beds = 60

19
CURRENT PROBLEM
• The OPD patients cannot access for the hospital canteens as there are located within the inpatient wards.

Existing Canteens

Outpatient
Department (OPD)

Clinic Rooms

Sub Special Clinics

Area

Quarters Area

Proposed site for new

canteen with Grocery

20
REGENERATION IDEA FOR THIS PROBLEM

• Our aim is to provide service for 500 of plate demand

in a day by assuming that average time of a customer
is nearly 45 minutes of time.
Total area of Canteen = 122m2
• We consider 15 ft2 for space occupied by a person
when he/she is sitting in a comfortable position. Kitchen ( Cooking, Storage) = 49m2

• We design a canteen for 52 persons can seat at a time Area of grocery = 16m2

• Cafeteria area = 15 ft2 x 52 = 780 ft2 = 73m2 Washroom = 25m2

• As the standard , cafeteria should be range nearly 60% Total area = 163m2
of total floor area.

73m2 x 100 = 122m2

60

21
Canteen and Waiting Area with Eco garden
22
MAJOR COMPONENTS
• Canteen and grocery(163m2)
• Cafeteria with indoor seating -73m2
• Grocery-16m2
• Washrooms-25m2
• Waiting area(117m2)
• Fountain
• Outdoor bench
• Eco garden

23
ARCHITECTURAL DRAWING

PLAN VIEW

24
STRUCTURAL DESIGN
COMPUTER MODELLING AND ANALYSIS

25
MANUAL CALCULATION

26
STRUCTURAL DRAWING

Beam layout Column layout

27
Roof top slab details 125mm
thick slab

28
SEPARATE INFRASTRUCTURE
SYSTEM TO FACE IN
PANDEMIC SITUATIONS
• Mainly there are 3 cases in pandemic
situations.

1. Mild and moderate cases

2. Severe cases
3. Critical cases

• We are considering the critical cases in this

section.

29
SITE SELECTION FOR THE COMPLEX
 SITE SELECTION FOR
THE COMPLEX
1. Avoid all flood areas and choose a site at
least 30 meters away from rivers and other
bodies of water.

2. Consider the use of permanent buildings and

existing hospital isolation or unused wards

3. Ensure good access and guaranteed security

for patients, visitors, and staff.

4. A zone for cleaning, disinfection, and

decontamination of equipment at least 15
meters away from occupied areas with
access to water.

31
 Ground floor plan 1st floor plan
Total floor area 653m2 Total floor area 375m2
32
REVIT MODELING

33
34
DRAINAGE SYSTEM OF HOSPITAL

Type of drainage
system

• Wastewater drainage

• Soil water drainage

• Storm water drainage

• Chemical drainage

• Radiation drainage

35
Modern hospitals are among the most complicated buildings in the world. They are designed to be used intensively, for
different types of patients, in different care settings, using different treatments and equipment. Therefore, drainage systems
are also complex. So, in Ampara hospital also we can identified some problems like,

• Misconnections in hospital pipework.

• Gradients of the drainage system not conductive for maintaining the flow of water.

• Tree root infestation and drain collapses cause for sewer blockages.

• Fractures and cracks in the pipework allow wastewater to leak into the surrounding areas, weakening the ground
structure.

• Corrosion of pipes in some old buildings can be seen.

36
DRAINAGE PLAN FOR
NEW TWO BUILDING
(CANTEEN AND
PANDEMIC
BUILDING)

37
ROAD SYSTEM IN AMPARA HOSPITAL
Entry Points To The Hospital
Supply Road Entry

Doctor’s Entrance

Main Entrance

Supply Road Entry

38
ROAD SYSTEM IN AMPARA HOSPITAL
Entry Points To The Hospital

39
 TWO TYPES OF ROADS IN
THE HOSPITAL
1 Corridor
Area – 2250m2
Length – 900m

2 Asphalt Roads
Length – 2600m
Area – 14709m2

40
AMBULANCE ENTRY AND EXIT ROAD
SCENARIO 01 – Nonhospital Owned Ambulance

41
AMBULANCE ENTRY AND EXIT ROAD
SCENARIO 02 – Hospital Owned Ambulance

42
 PROBLEM
Ambulance Entry And
Exit Road
Very narrow section (width 4.5m)

Multiple users use this road

Narrow It can cause heavy traffic in an

Exit road
Section emergency due to its multiple
owners.
Entry road

43
REGENERATION IDEA
Increase the width of the road
When the ambulance is arriving, cars can park in the side
of the road.

5.5m
6.2m
2.25m
4.5m

34m

44
REGENERATION IDEA
Introduce Separate Footpath For People

Proposed Foot
path

Extended section
of the car park

45
ROAD SYSTEM IN PANDEMIC COMPLEX

Ambulance Entry

Doctor’s Entrance

46
Introduce New
Roadway For
Accident Ward
Normally hospital is
using wheelchair
and trolley for
transport for patient Accident
on corridor system. Ward

When in an
emergency, they use PCU
buggy cart on this
roadway

47
VEHICLE PARKING IN THE HOSPITAL
• The Hospital itself will attract a range of travel demands. Hospitals employ a large quantity of people,
many of whom work non-traditional work hours. Patients and visitors are another major source of travel
demand.

• A number of service deliveries are also associated along with other complementary travel demand
generators. Not all of these population segments will be able to drive to a hospital precinct.

48
 OPD Patients Clinic patient

250000

200000
215510
OPD Patients

176235
160283
150000

100000

50000

0
2001 2010 2019

Year

Total OPD patients in 2020 - 180000 Total clinic patient in 2020 - 200000

Daily OPD patients - 180000/365 = 494 Average daily clinic patient - 500

49
 Future situation – 2040

Population growth rate in Sri Lanka - 0.42%

No of No of
Increased Current population in Ampara district – 728,000
Section patients in patients in
amount
2020 2040
Out of population 200000 patients get benefit from
Ampara hospital.

OPD 494 710 216 Approximately 290,000 patients will get benefit in
2040

In 2040
Clinic 500 725 225
No of patient daily use OPD section – 710
((500/200000)*290000)

No of patient daily use clinic section – 725

50
 Hospital Staff Strength
1600
1400
1336
1200
Increment in hospital staff for a year = (1336−385) / 18
1000
Beds

800 908 Current staff strength in hospital = 53

600
Current staff strength in hospital = 1400 (2020)
400 385
200 In 2040, staff strength = 1400 + (53x20)

0 In 2040, staff strength = 2460

2001 2010 2019

Year
51
Hospital parking should be
provide based on
Access to and from parking areas should meet applicable
• Available staff disability standards and other relevant local and safety
standards.

• Available space General design guidelines

• Health facility functions

Physical location Physical characteristics

The parking should provide an adequate
number of spaces for vehicles including cars,
emergency vehicles and two wheelers such
as motorcycles, scooters and bicycles.

52
MULTI STOREY CAR PARKING SYSTEM
Multi storey car parking system helps to minimize the parking area. In Ampara hospital the space of parking is not enough
to provide single story parking and also the requirement of parking stalls more than 100. therefore, this system proves to
be useful in adequate the parking requirements.

Advantages
• Provide lower building cost per parking
slot
• Less building volume and less ground area
• Greatest possible flexibility

Disadvantages
• Deterioration and maintenance
• Parking angle considerations
• Lighting
• safety

53
One of the standard of parking
• Parking angle – 60°

• Parking module width – 15.3m

• Stall width parallel to aisle – 2.75m

• Aisle width – 4.9m

• Stall length – 5.4m

• Stall width – 2.4m

Based of international health facility guideline

54
BUILDING SERVICES FOR NEW CANTEEN

Building services include

• Plumbing
• Lighting
• Electrical Distribution
• Heating, Ventilation and Air-Conditioning
• Water supply
• Security and Alarm Systems
• Fire Detection and Protection Systems

55
BUILDING SERVICES FOR NEW CANTEEN

Water supply
Future situation – 2040

Population growth rate in sri lanka - 0.42%

Current population in Ampara hospital – 728,000

Out of population 200000 patients get benefit from

Ampara hospital.

Approximately 290,000 patients will get benefit in

2040

Among them assume daily 500 patients will take

benefit from new canteen

56
BUILDING SERVICES FOR NEW CANTEEN
Water supply
Hospital canteen
Daily water For 500 person
daily water
Uses demand per Daily water
demand per
person (L)
person
demand(L) Avg water demand for 500
persons
Toilet
107.5 32.25 16,125
6%

Drinking 37%
9.72 3.10 1550

53%
Cooking and 4%
45.94 45.94 22,970
washing dishes
Toilet Drinking Cooking & washing Other
Other 8.36 4.8 2400

Total 43,045

57
BUILDING SERVICES FOR NEW CANTEEN
Lightning
Section Area (m2)
Cafeteria with indoor seating
105.32

Kitchen 15.82

Store room 11.61

Grocery 17.00
Washrooms 21.12

CAFETERIA WITH INDOOR SEATING

1. Total wattage of fixtures = Number of lamps x 2. Lumen per fixtures = Lumen efficiency (Lumen per Watt) x
each lamp’s watt. each fixture’s watt
= Total wattage of fixtures = 2 × 32 = 64 W Lumen per fixtures = 85 x 64 = 5440 Lumen
58
3. Required number of fixtures = Required Lux x Room area / MF
x UF x Lumen per fixture

4. Required number of fixtures = (250 x 105.32) / (0.63 × 0.69 ×

5440) =11.13

5. The ceiling to desk height is 2 m and space height ratio is 1.25

6. Number of rows required = Width of room / Max. spacing =

10.1 / 2.25 =4

Number of fixtures required in each row = Total Fixtures /

7.
Number of rows = 12 / 4 =3

8. Axial spacing between fixtures = Length of room / Number of

fixtures in each row
= 12.335/3
= 4.11m(4m)

9. Transverse spacing between fixtures = Width of room /

Number of fixtures in row
10.1 / 4 = 2.53 m

59
BUILDING SERVICES FOR NEW CANTEEN
Lightning for kitchen

Section Light type

Kitchen area = 15.82 m2 = 170.29 square feet
kitchen area needs 20-50 foot-candles
kitchen 4 CFL blubs 20W
Required lumens for kitchen = 20 foot-candles * 170.29 square
Store room 2 CFL blubs 20W feet
= 3400 lumens

Washrooms 6 CFL blubs 20W 20w CFL rated 1200 lumens

No of bulbs need for kitchen = (3400/1200)
= 3 CFL bulbs 20W
Grocery 4 CFL blubs 20W
Likewise for storeroom – 2 CFL bulbs 20W
Grocery – 4 CFL blubs 20W
Cafeteria with indoor 64 W lumen fixtures 17
washrooms – 6 CFL blubs 20W
seating

60
61
PROGRESS
SEMESTER 08

Week 10
Week 01

Week 02

Week 03

Week 04

Week 05

Week 06

Week 07

Week 08

Week 09

Week 11

Week 12

Week 13

Week 14

Week 15
Preparation of architectural design & CAD
drawings.

General arrangement drawings.

Structural design.

Geo technical analysis & sub-structure

design

Design report preparation

Preparation of BOQ

Preparation of tender documents

Preparation of final report

62
REFERENCES
• Nicholas, J., 2012. An Integrated Lean-Methods Approach to Hospital Facilities Redesign. Hospital Topics, 90(2), pp.47-55.

• Hasbollah, H., 2020. Introduction to Hospitality Facilities Management. Introduction to Hospitality Facilities Management, [online] Available at:
<https://www.researchgate.net/publication/282603255_Introduction_to_Hospitality_Facilities_Management> [Accessed 1 December 2020].

• Goodman, G., 2020. Hospital facility safety standards. Hospital facility safety standards, [online] Available at:
<https://www.researchgate.net/publication/345357904_Hospital_facility_safety_standards> [Accessed 1 December 2020].

• Aleksandrov, P. and Roninson, M., 1966. Some problems of hospitalization and hospital facilities. Some problems of hospitalization and hospital
facilities, [online] (SSSR 25(5):64-6). Available at:
<https://www.researchgate.net/publication/17194936_Some_problems_of_hospitalization_and_hospital_facilities> [Accessed 1 December
2020].

• Liao, X., 2018. Hospital facility management in hospital accreditation. [online] Available at:
<https://www.researchgate.net/publication/285750313_Hospital_facility_management_in_hospital_accreditation> [Accessed 3 December
2020].

• EEP - Electrical Engineering Portal. 2021. An example of calculating the number of indoor lighting fixtures. [online] Available at:
<https://electrical-engineering-portal.com/an-example-of-calculating-the-number-of-indoor-lighting-fixtures> [Accessed 12 May 2021].

• The-house-plans-guide.com. 2021. Easy Lighting Calculation—

How to Calculate Lighting for Optimal In-Home Levels. [online] Available at:
<http://www.the-house-plans-guide.com/lighting-calculation.html> [Accessed 12 May 2021].

• ELECTRICAL TECHNOLOGY. 2021. Lighting Design Calculation in a Building - Electrical Wiring Installation. [online] Available at:
<https://www.electricaltechnology.org/2017/03/lighting-design-calculation-in-building.html> [Accessed 12 May 2021]. 63
THANK YOU!

64