MODULES 1-10

Name: Cabal, Rhodel Grade XII – Descartes

General Chemistry 1

Quarter 1 - Module 1: Properties of Matter

Materials Needed:

- Spoon of salt
- Spoon of sugar
- Spoon of water
- Spoon of cooking oil
- Tissue Paper
- Weighing Scale

Procedure:
1. Using a weighing scale, weigh the salt, sugar, water, cooking oil, and tissue paper.
- Salt Sugar

-Tissue Water
 - Oil

Data and Result:

Substance Mass (g) Color Taste Flammability

1. Salt 20g White Salty Non -

flammable

2. Sugar 10g Brown Sweet Non -

flammable
3. Water 10g Clear Tasteless Non -
flammable

4. Cooking oil 0 Golden -Yellow Bland Highly -

flammable

5. Tissue paper 60g White Tasteless Flammable

Questions:
1. Which substances have similar physical property? Explain your answer.
- Salt and sugar have the same physical properties as each other because they are
both granulate. Also, water and cooking oil also have similar properties as both of them
are liquid in nature.
2. Which substances have the same mass? How about color, taste and
flammability?
- Water and sugar are both non-flammable and have the same mass, yet they differ in
color and taste.
3. Which substance is said to be flammable? What precautionary measure could
you cite about flammable materials?
- Cooking oil and tissue paper are both considered flammable in the reason of these
things can catch fire. Many cooking oil fires are caused by grease traps that are not
properly serviced and maintained. Allowing grease traps to back up is extremely
dangerous. Cooking oil has a low flash point, making it highly flammable. Toilet paper
also catches fire because of its material. Therefore keep it away from anything that can
catch fire to avoid mishaps.

4. Which property is extensive physical property? How about the intensive

physical property and chemical property of matter?
- Extensive properties, such as mass and volume, depend on the amount of matter
being measured. Intensive properties, such as density and color, do not depend on
the amount of the substance present. Physical properties can be measured without
changing a substance's chemical identity.
Name: Cabal, Rhodel Grade XII – Descartes

General Chemistry 1
Quarter 1 - Module 2: Chemical Formula of Common Chemical Substances

Activity 1 – Chemical Formula and Molecular Structure

Procedure:
1. Determine the common name, the types and number of atoms, and the
molecular structure of the given chemical formula in each item.
2. Fill-in the table with correct information.

Chemical Common Type of Number of Molecular Structure

Formula Name Atoms Each
Atom
1. NaCl Sodium Na = Sodium Na = 1
Chloride Cl = Chlorine Cl = 1

2. NH3 Ammonia N = Nitrogen N=1

H = Hydrogen H=3

3. Sucrose C = Carbon C = 12
C12H22O11 H = Hydrogen H = 22
O = Oxygen O=1

4. CH4 Methane C = Carbon C=1

H = Hydrogen H=4
5. C9H8O4 Aspirin C = Carbon C=9
H = Hydrogen H=8
O = Oxygen O=4

6. NaOH Sodium Na = Sodium Na = 1

Hydroxide O = Oxygen O=1
H = Hydrogen H=1

Questions:
1. What is the common name of each substance?

 NaCl = Sodium Chloride

 NH3 = Ammonia
 C12H22O11 = Sucrose
 CH4 = Methane
 C9H8O4 = Aspirin
 NaOH = Sodium Hydroxide

2. How is chemical symbol different form a chemical formula?

- Chemical symbols are used to standardize the language of chemistry and with the
help of these chemical symbols, we can easily identify elements and atoms in a
chemical formula easily while a chemical formula identifies each constituent element by
its chemical symbol and indicates the proportionate number of atoms of each element in
a chemical compound.
 What I Can Do?

Onions are considered as one of the best natural

sources of quercetin, a bioflavonoid, best known
for its scavenging activity against free radicals.
Besides antioxidant properties, it also possesses
anti-fungal, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory
properties.

 Allicin = C6H10OS2
 Allyl methyl sulfide = C4H8S
 Diallyl sulfide = C6H10S
 1-Propanesulfonic acid = C3H8O3S
 syn-Propanethial-S-oxide = C3H6OS
 Name: Cabal, Rhodel Grade XII – Descartes

General Chemistry 1
Quarter 1 - Module 3: Consumer Products

Activity 1 – My Consumer Product

Data and Result

Area or Field Consumer Some Use Level of Cost

Product Chemical Safeness
Components
(Chemical
Formula)
Medicine Betadine Povidine iodine Use as a It is Php. 60.00
C6H9I2NO anti - bacterial generally
agent safe for
Glycerin daily use
C3H8O3 for up to
1 week
Critic acid Only.
C6H8O7

Sodium
phosphate
Na3PO4

Sodium chloride
NaCl

Sodium
hydroxide
NaOH

Nonoxynol-9
C33H60O10

Hydrogen
H2O
Communication Cell Copper – Cu Used to cell phone Php 5,000
phone communicate is a good
 Gold - Au with people tool but
Silver – Ag from different over using
places. of it is not
Lithium – Li bad for the
health.
Cobalt - Co+2

Aluminum – Al

Silicon - SiO2

Oxygen - O2

Potassium - K
Transportation Gasoline Alkene - CnH2n Gasoline is Gasoline Php 50.00
mainly used are very per liter
Benzene as an engine dangerous
(Aromatic) fuel in as it is
C6H6 vehicles. prone to
fire so
proper
storage
should be
observe
Agriculture Corn Vomitoxin - Aside from Starch is a Php 20.00
C15H20O6 their basic good
nutritional product
Dextrin – uses, but for
(C6H10O5)n starches are those
used in people
brewing and who have
as thickening asthma or
agents in other
baked goods diseases
and related to
confections. inhalation
Starch is used can be a
in paper hazard.
manufacturing
to increase
the strength
of paper and
is also used in
the surface
sizing of
paper.
Questions:
1. For each field, which problem is being addressed by the consumer product?
- Betadine may cause skin redness, burning, or irritation. Cell phones emit radiation that
is extremely hazardous to human health. Gasoline is flammable, and starch can be
harmful to people once inhaled.

2. What are some chemical components of the consumer products?

-Betadine - Povidine iodine, Glycerin, Critic acid, Sodium phosphate, Sodium chloride,
Sodium hydroxide, Nonoxynol-9,Hydrogen
-Cell phone - Copper, Gold, Silver, Lithium, Cobalt, Aluminum, Silicon,
Oxygen,Potassium
- Gasoline - Alkane, Alkene, Benzene (Aromatic)
- Starch - amylose and amylopectin.
Name: Cabal, Rhodel Grade XII – Descartes

General Chemistry 1
Quarter 1 - Module 4: Methods of Separating Components of Mixtures and
Compounds

What I can do?

Water Filter

Materials:

 Water
 Pebble/ Gravel
 Sand
 Plastic bottle
 Cotton

Procedure:
1. Cut the bottom of the bottle
2. Turn the bottle upside down and put cotton

3. .Fill the bottle with sand

4. Put the charcoal

4. Put the charcoal

5. Then fill it with pebble/ gravel

6. Add another layer of charcoal and gravel

7. Test the improvise water filter by filling it with water.

Assessment
A.
1. A
2. B
3. A
4. C
5. A

B.
1. Electrolysis
2. Mechanical Separation
3. Distillation
4. Decantation
5. Filtration
Name: Cabal, Rhodel Grade XII – Descartes

General Chemistry 1
Quarter 1 - Module 5: Common Isotopes and Their Uses

PRACTICE EXERCISE: Problem Solving

Isotope Mass number Atomic Mass Percentage Abundance Relative Atomic

Number Unit Mass

Boron – 10 10 10.0129 amu 19.8% 10.8 amu

Boron – 11 11 11.0093 amu 80.2%

Solution:
Relative atomic mass = (Mass number x Percentage Abundance) +
(Mass number x Percentage Abundance)
Relative atomic mass = (10 x .198) + (11 x .802)
Relative atomic mass = 1.98 + 8.822
Relative atomic mass = 10.802 amu.
 Mini-Performance Task

Activity 1 – Isotope Brochure

Questions
1. Which filed is the chosen isotope most useful?
- Deuterium isotope is most useful in industrial field and medical field.

2. Is there any adverse effect in using the chosen isotope? How?

- Excessive use of deuterium had negative consequences. It has the potential to
be hazardous to living organisms. Moreover, a broad variety of morphological
and physiological changes have been observed in deuterium-treated cells and
organisms, including changes in fundamental processes such as cell division or
energy metabolism. There seems to be certain species-specific limits to their
tolerance to heavy water, where some organisms are died heavy water.
Name: Cabal, Rhodel Grade XII – Descartes

General Chemistry 1
Quarter 1 - Module 6: Writing and Naming the Chemical Formula of Compounds

What I Can Do?

Product: Toothpaste
Chemical compound: Sodium Fluoride
Use: Toothpaste is used to promote oral hygiene: it is an abrasive that aids in
removing dental plaque and food from the teeth, assists in suppressing halitosis,
and delivers active ingredients (most commonly fluoride) to help prevent tooth
decay (dental caries) and gum disease (gingivitis).

Sodium Fluoride

(Iconic Compound)

Step 1: (Atom involved) Sodium Fluorine

Step 2: (Chemical symbol) Na + F

Step 3: (Formed Ion) 𝑵𝑨+𝟏 + 𝑭−𝟏

Step 4: (Criss-cross multiply the charges) 𝑵𝑨+𝟏 + 𝑭−𝟏

1 1
Step 5: (Remove the plus sign

to determine the chemical formula) Na1F1 or NaF

Name: Cabal, Rhodel Grade XII – Descartes

General Chemistry 1
Quarter 1 - Module 7: Calculating Formula Mass, Empirical Formula and Molecular
Formula

Lesson 1: Formula Mass and Molecular Mass

Assessment

Post-Test
Calculate the formula mass of Ca3(PO4)2

Lesson 2: Calculating the Empirical Formula from Percent Composition, and

Molecular Formula

Post - Test

Use 100 g of the compound as basis of calculation. Meaning there will be 49.48 g
would be atoms of Carbon, 5.19 g would be atoms of Hydrogen, 28.85 g would be
atoms of Nitrogen, and 16.48 g would be atoms of Oxygen.
Given Mass atom Mole of atom Equivalent mole of Atom

49. 48 g C = 4.12 mol C atoms

5.19 g H = 5.19 mol H atoms

28.85 g N = 2.06 mol N atoms

16.48 g O = 1.03 mol O atoms

Therefore, the empirical formula is C4H5N2O1 or C4H5N2O

Molecular Mass of compound divided by Molecular Mass of C4H5N2O

194.19 / 97 =2

Therefore, the molecular formula of is C4H5N2O multiplied by 2 is C8H10N4O2

Name: Cabal, Rhodel Grade XII – Descartes

General Chemistry 1
Quarter 1 - Module 8: Writing and Balancing Chemical Equations
Assessment
I. Multiple Choices
1. B
2. B
3. C
4. B
5. B

II. Problem Solving

Name: Cabal, Rhodel Grade XII – Descartes

General Chemistry 1
Quarter 1 - Module 9: Calculations with Balanced Equations

Activity 1 – FREEDOM WALL

Problem # 1
𝑪𝟑 𝑯𝟖 + 𝑶𝟐 𝑪𝑶𝟐 + 𝑯𝟐 𝑶
Balance Equation:

𝑪𝟑 𝑯𝟖 𝒈 + 𝟓𝑶𝟐 𝒈 𝟑𝑪𝑶𝟐 𝒈 + 𝟒𝑯𝟐 𝒈 O

𝑪𝟑 𝑯𝟖 + 𝟓𝑶𝟐 𝟑𝑪𝑶𝟐 + 𝟒𝑯𝟐 𝑶

How many moles of carbon dioxide are formed
from 5.60 moles of propane?
No. of atoms Substance
1 𝑪𝟑 𝑯 𝟖
5 𝑶𝟐
3 𝑪𝑶𝟐
4 𝑯𝟐 𝑶
Step 2:
? Mole of 𝑪𝑶𝟐 : 5.60 mole of 𝑪𝟑 𝑯𝟖
Step 3:
𝟑 𝒎𝒐𝒍𝒆 𝑪𝑶𝟐
𝟏 𝒎𝒐𝒍𝒆 𝑪𝟑 𝑯𝟖
Step 4:
𝟑 𝒎𝒐𝒍𝒆 𝑪𝑶𝟐
5.60 mole 𝑪𝟑 𝑯𝟖 x
𝟏 𝒎𝒐𝒍𝒆 𝑪𝟑 𝑯𝟖

= 16.8 mole of 𝑪𝑶𝟐

Conclusion: Therefore, from 5.60 moles of propane
there are 16.8 moles of carbon dioxide are formed.
Name: Cabal, Rhodel Grade XII – Descartes

General Chemistry 1
Quarter 1 - Module 10: Gases I

Lesson 1: Pressure and its Units

What I Can Do
Lesson 2: Gas Laws

What’s more?
A.

1. Given: = 20.00L = 10.00L

= 5.00 atm =?

Formula: =

Solution:

(5.00 atm) (20.00)L = (10.00)L

= 10.00 atm
Conclusion: Therefore, as the volume reduced to 10.00 L the pressure of the gas
is 10.00 atm.

2. Given: = 150.00 mL =?

= 760 torr = 740 torr

Formula: =

Solution:
 =

(760 torr) (150.00 mL) = (740 torr)

= 154.05 mL
Conclusion: Therefore, as the pressure compressed 740 torr the final volume of
nitrogen gas is 154.05 mL.

3.

Given: = 30.00 L = 25 L

= 300K =?

Formula: =

Solution:

(30.0 L) = (300 K) (25 L)

(30.0) = (300 K) (25)

= 7500K

= 250 K
Conclusion: Therefore, as the gas occupies a volume of 25 L the new temperature of
fluorine gas is 250 K.

4.

Given: = 40.00 L = 50.00 L

= 273 K =?

Formula: =

Solution:

(40.00 L) = (273 K) (50.00 L)

(40.00) = (273 K) (50.00)

= 341. 25 K
Conclusion: Therefore, as the volume increases 50.00 L the new temperature of the
gas is 341.35 K.

5.

Given: = 55.00 L =?

= 5.00 moles = 3.00 moles

Formula: =
Solution: =

(5.00 moles) = (55.00 L) (3.00 moles)

= 33 L
Conclusion: Therefore, as 3.00 moles were added to the container the new volume of
the gas is 33L.

B.

2.
n = 5.57 mol

P = 22.99 atm
3.

T = 288.86 K

4.

5.

V= 6.08 L

P = 21.89 atm
What’s more?
A. Who’s greater?

1. = 0.83 atm E = 0.95 atm

= 0.23 = 0.19

Solution:
= =

(0.23) = (0.95 atm) (0.19)

= 0.19 atm = 0.18 atm

2.

3. = 20 kPa Z = 0.95 atm (96. 235 kPa)

= 0.87 = 0.19
𝑷𝟏 = 9.33 psi 𝑷𝟐 = 7.5 psi
Solution:
= =

(0.87) = (0.95 atm) (0.19)

= 17.4 kPa = 18 .24 kPa
4.

𝑷𝟏 = 33.67 kPa 𝑷𝟐 = 39.29 kPa

6. = 2.3 atm Z = 3.4 atm

= 0.23 = 0.19
𝑷𝟏 = 0.4 atm 𝑷𝟐 = 0.39 atm
Solution:
= =
𝑷
(0.23) = (3.4 atm) (0.19)

= 0.53 atm = 0.65 atm

 7. = 0.83 atm Z = 19 psi. (1.29 kPa)

= 0.23 = 0.19

Solution:
= =

(0.23) = (3.4 atm) (0.19)

= 0.19 atm = 0.25 atm

8. = 202 kPa Z = 30 psi. (206.73 kPa)

= 0.4 mol = 5 mol

= 1.2 mol = 14 mol

𝑷𝟏 = 67.33 kPa 𝑷𝟐 = 73.83 kPa

9. = 1.2 atm Z = 3.4 atm

= 0.5 = 0.2

Solution:
= =

(0.5) = (3.4 atm) (0.2)

= 0.6 atm = 0.68 atm

 10. = 6 MPa E = 5.3 MPa

= 0.6 = 0.5

Solution:
= =

(0.6) = (3.4 atm) (0.2)

= 3.6 MPa = 2.65 MPa

B. Problem Solving
1.

𝑷𝑶𝟐 = 726.2 torr

Conclusion: Therefore, the pressure of the dry oxygen is 726.2 torr.

2.

𝑷𝑶𝟐 = 150 torr

Conclusion: Therefore, the pressure of the dry oxygen is 150 torr.

3.

𝑷𝑯𝒆 = 0.8 atm

4.

𝑷𝒕𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍= 2.4 atm

𝑿𝑵𝟐 = 0.21 𝑿𝑵𝒆 = 0.46 𝑿𝑯𝒆 = 0.33

Conclusion: Therefore, the mole of fraction of each gas are: xN2 = 0.21, xNe =
0.46, and xHe = 0.33.
5.
Conclusion: Therefore, the partial pressure of each gas are: PN2 = 0.47 atm and
PCO2 = 1.83 atm.