Colegio de Sto.

Domingo de Silos
Brgy. Gulod, Calatagan, Batangas

GENERAL MATHEMATICS
GRADE 11
QUARTER 1
MODULE 1: FUNCTIONS

Ms. Claudine A. Romero

Subject Teacher
Objectives

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. recall the concepts of relations and functions;
2. define and explain functional relationship as a mathematical model of situation; and
3. represent real-life situations using functions, including piece-wise function.

Pre-test

Answer the following. Write the letter of your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
1. What do you call a relation where each element in the domain is related to only one value in
the range by some rules?
A. Function C. Domain
B. Range D. Independent

2. Which of the following is a one-to-one function?

A. Books to authors C. SIM cards to cell phone numbers
B. True or False questions to answers D. Real number to its square.

3. Which of the following relations is/are function/s?

A. x = {(1,2), (3,4), (1,7), (5,1)} C. h = {(4,1), (2,3), (2, 6), (7, 2)}
B. g = {(3,2), (2,1), (8,2), (5,7)} D. y = {(2,9), (3,4), (9,2), (6,7)}

4. A one-to-one function crosses a horizontal line how many times?

A. 3 C. 1
B. 2 D. 0

5. It is a function in which for each value of y in the range of f, there is just one value x in
the domain of f such that y = f(x).
A. One-to-One Function C. Identity Function
B. Linear Function D. ConFunction
Read and Learn

Definition of a Relation
 A relation is a rule that relates values from a set of values (called the domain) to a
second set of values (called the range)
 A relation is a set of ordered pairs [x,y]
Definition of a Function
 It is a relation define as a set of ordered pairs [x,y] where no two or distinct ordered
pairs have the same first element [x]
 A special relationship where each input has a single output
 Every value of x corresponds to a unique value of y
To further understand function, let’s study the following.
Given the following ordered pairs, which relations are functions?
A = {(1,2), (2,3), (3,4), (4,5)}
B = {(3,3), (4,4), (5,5), (6,6)}
C = {(1,0), (0, 1, (-1,0), (0,-1)}
D = {(a,b), (b, c), (c,d), (a,d)}
The relations A and B are functions because each element in the domain corresponds to a unique
element in the range. Meanwhile, relations C and D are not functions because they contain
ordered pairs with the same domain [C = (0,1) and (0,-1), D = (a,b) and (a,d)].
How about from the given table of values, which relation shows a function?
A.
x 1 2 3 4 5 6
y 2 4 6 8 10 12

B.
X 4 -3 1 2 5
Y -5 -2 -2 -2 0

C.
X 0 -1 4 2 -1
Y 3 4 0 -1 1

A and B are functions since all the values of x corresponds to exactly one value of y. Unlike
table C, where -1 corresponds to two values, 4 and 1.
We can also identify a function given a diagram. On the following mapping diagrams, which do
you think represent functions?
Domain Range
A.

a
x
b
y
c

B.
a
x
b
y
c

C.
Jane John
Mae Ken
Lara Leo

The relations A and C are functions because each element in the domain corresponds to a unique
element in the range. However, B is a mere relation and not function because there is a domain
which corresponds to more than one range.

What is the difference between a function and relation?

Relations Functions
A relation is a rule that relates values from a A function is a relation where each element in
set of values called the domain to a second set the domain is related to only one value in the
of values called the range. range by some rule.
A relation is also a set of ordered pairs (x,y). A function is a set of ordered pairs (x,y) such
that no two ordered pairs have the same x-
value but different y-values.
VERTICAL LINE TEST
A relation between two sets of numbers can be illustrated by graph in the Cartesian plane, and
that a function passes the vertical line test.
A graph of a relation is a function if any vertical line drawn passing through the graph intersects
it at exactly one point.
Which of the following can be graphs of functions?

Functions in the group are a and d because value of x intersect with only one value of y.
Meanwhile, b and c does not represent a function because a value of x intersects with more than
value of y.
FUNCTIONS AS REPRESENTATIONS OF REAL-LIFE SITUATIONS
Example 1. Give a function H that represents the cost of buying x pair of shoes. If one pair of
shoes costs P1,500.00
Solution. Since each pair of shoes costs P1,500.00, then the cost function is H(x) =
1,500x
Example 2. If height (H) is a function of age (a), give a function H that can represent the height
of a person in an age, if every year the height is added by 2 inches.
Solution. Since every year the height is added by 2 inches, then the height function is
𝑯(𝒂) = 𝟐 + 𝒂

PIECEWISE FUNCTIONS
There are functions that requires more than one formula in order to obtain the given output.
There are instances when we need to describe situations in which a rule or relationship changes
as the input value crosses certain boundaries. In this case, we need to apply the piecewise
function.
A piecewise function is a function in which more than one formula is used to define the
output. Each formula has its own domain, and the domain of the function is the union of all
these smaller domains. We notate this idea like this:
formula 1 if x is in domain 1
𝑓(𝑥) = formula 2 if x is in domain 2
formula 3 if x is in domain 3
Example 1.
A user is charged ₱250.00 monthly for a particular mobile plan, which includes 200 free text
messages. Messages in excess of 200 are charged ₱1.00 each. Represent the monthly cost for text
messaging using the function t(m), where m is the number of messages sent in a month.
Answer:
For sending messages of NOT exceeding 200

In case the messages sent were more than 200

Example 2.
A certain chocolate bar costs ₱50.00 per piece. However, if you buy more than 5 pieces, they
will mark down the price to ₱48.00 per piece. Use a piecewise function to represent the cost in
terms of the number of chocolate bars bought.
Answer:
For buying 5 chocolate bars or less

For buying more than 5 chocolate bars

ACTIVITIES

A. Identify whether the following given is a function or not.

1. A jeepney and its plate number
2. A student and his ID number
3. A teacher and his cellular phone
4. A pen and the color of its ink

B. Identify if the following is a function or does not represent a function.

1. g(x) = {(11,9), (5,7), (11,12), (5,8)}
2. h(x) = {(5,9), (10,7), (2,12), (6,17)}
3. f(x) = {(3,6), (4,9), (5,12), (13,4)}

C. Read each situation carefully to solve each problem. Write your answer on a separate sheet of
your paper.
1. David is earning ₱675.00 per day to do a certain job. Express the total salary S as a function of
the number n of days that David works.
2. Olivia rides through a jeepney which charges ₱ 9.00 for the first 4 kilometers and additional
₱0.50 for each additional kilometer. Express the jeepney fare (F) as function of the number of
kilometers (d) that Olivia pays for the ride.
3. A parking fee at WalterMart Balayan costs ₱20.00 for the first two hours and an extra ₱5.00
for each hour of extension. If you park for more than twelve hours, you instead pay a flat rate of
₱100.00. Represent your parking fee using the function p(t) where t is the number of hours you
parked in the mall.