Grading System in General Mathematics:

Written Works --- 25%

Performance Tasks --- 50%
Quarterly Assessment--- 25%
---------------------------------------------
Total --- 100%
Written works: answered activity sheets/ tasks/written output, quizzes,
homework and others

Performance tasks: Summative test, recitation and other activities that

involves performance tasks in the module.

Requirements: Answered activities/ tasks in the module, active

participation, notebook (for taking down notes), quizzes and summative
tests. 2
Math Brain Teaser!
Using only addition, add eight 8’s to get the number 1000

888+88+8+8+8= 1000
 LESSON 1:
FUNCTIONS
Prepared by: Ms. Aileen L. Azul
Subject Teacher
 Learning Objectives from MELCs
 At the end of the lesson, the learner is able to represent real-life situations
using functions; including piecewise functions. (Code: M11GM-Ia-1)

◦ Lesson Outline:
1. Functions and Relations
2. Vertical Line Test
3. Representing real-life situations using functions,
including piecewise functions.
Introduction:
◦ Imagine tossing a ball straight up in the air and watching it
rise to reach its highest point before dropping back down
into your hands. As time passes, the height of the ball
changes. There is a relationship between the amount of
time that has elapsed since the toss and the height of the
ball. In mathematics, a correspondence between variables
that change together (such as time and height) is called a
relation. Some, but not all relations can also be described as
functions.
◦ Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=62ePut331LQ
Definition of Terms:
 A relation is any set of ordered pairs (x,y). The set of all first elements of
the ordered pairs is called the domain of the relation, and the set of all
second elements is called the range.
 A function is a relation or rule of correspondence between two elements
(domain and range) such that each element in the domain corresponds to
exactly one element in the range./ A function is a set of ordered pairs
(x,y) such that no two ordered pairs have the same x-value but different y.
 Domain- set of input values or x-values (independent variable)
◦ -The domain of a relation is the set of all possible values that the variable
x can take.
 Range- set of output values or y-values (dependent variable)
Real life examples of Relations:
(Think about this examples below)
1. DNHS students and their Learner’s Reference Number (LRN)
2. A person and his/her citizenship
3. A person and his/ her fingerprint
Explanation:
1. Each DNHS students are unique and they have their own specific LRN. Therefore, it is a
relation and a function.
2. A person may have dual citizenship. Therefore, it is a relation but not a function.
3. A person and his/ her fingerprint have unique patterns. Therefore, it is a relation and a
function.

Can you give more examples? (give at least 2)

Discussion:
◦ Representation of Functions:
1. Mapping Diagram
2. Table of Values
3. Graph
4. Equation
5. Set of ordered pairs
Equation: y= 2x+1
 Brief summary of
correspondence
Correspondence Relation Function

One to one Relation Function

Many to one Relation Function

One to many Relation Not a function

Source:
https://www.slideshare.net/yayang0130/relations-and-funct
ions-66540774?from_action=save
Example 1: Which of the following relations are functions?

◦ Solution: The relations f and h are functions because no

two ordered pairs have the same x- value but different y-
values. G is not a function because (1,3) and (1,4) are
ordered pairs with the same x-value but different y-values.
Example 2: Which of the mapping diagrams
represents functions?

Solution: The relations f and g are functions

because each y, in Y is unique for a specific
value of x. The relation h is not a function
because there is at least one element in x
for which there is more than one
corresponding y-value.
Example 3: Which of the ff. can be graphs of function?
1. 2. 3.

5.
Solution: 1,2 and 3
4. are graphs of
functions while 4 and
5 are not because
they do not pass the
vertical line test.
 VERTICAL LINE TEST
A graph represents a function if and only if each vertical line
intersects the graph at most once.
Example:
The orange line is the
vertical line test which
intersects the graph at
exactly 1 point.
Example 4: Identify the domain for each relation using set
builder notation.
a. y = 2x + 1 e.

b.

Solution: The domains for the relations are as follows:

c.
d.

e. e.
 Functions as representation of Real-life
situations
Example 1: Give a function C that can represent the
cost of buying x meals, if one meal costs 40 pesos.

Answer: C(x)= 40x

Example 2: If the distance (D) is a function of
time (t), give a function D that can represent the
distance a car travels in t time, if every hour the
car travels 60 kilometers.
Solution: Since every hour, the car travels
60 kilometers, therefore the distance
function is given by
D(t)= 60t
Answer: D(t)= 60t
◦ Example 3:
Squares of side x are cut from each corner of a 10 in x
8 in rectangle, so that its sides can be folded to make a
box with no top. Define a function in terms of x that
can represent the volume of the box.
Solution: The length and width of the box are 10 - 2x
and 8 - 2x, respectively. Its height is x. Thus, the
volume of the box can be represented by the function.

Answer:
Example 4: Give a function B that can
represent the amount of battery charge of a
cellular phone in h hour, if 12% of battery
was loss every hour.

Answer: B(h)= 100-12%h

Piecewise Function
◦ A piecewise function is a function built from pieces of different
functions over different intervals.
◦ It is a function in which more than one formula is used to
define the output. Each formula has its own domain, and the
domain of the function is the union of all these smaller
domains.

◦ Source:
https://www.khanacademy.org/math/algebra/x2f8bb11595b61c86:absolute-value-piecewise-functions/x2f8bb
11595b61c86:piecewise-functions/v/piecewise-function-example
Example of Piecewise Functions
Example 1: A user is charged P250.00 monthly for a particular mobile plan, which
includes 200 free text messages. Messages in excess of 200 are charged P1.00 each.
Represent the monthly cost for text messaging using the function t(m), where m is the
number of messages sent in a month.

Let t(m) be the total monthly cost

m be the number of messages sent in a
month
Answer:
250 𝟎<𝒎 ≤ 𝟐𝟎𝟎
250 + 1(m-200) m>200
Example of Piecewise Functions
Example 2: A certain chocolate bar costs P50.00 per piece. However, if you buy more
than 5 pieces they will mark down the price to P48.00 per piece. Use a piecewise function
to represent the cost in terms of the number of chocolate bars bought.

Let f(c)be the total cost of chocolate bars bought

c be the number of chocolates bought

Answer:
f
50c
48c
Example of Piecewise Functions
Example 3: The cost of hiring a catering service to serve food for a party is P250.00 per
head for 50 persons or less, P200.00 per head for 51 to 100 persons, and P150.00 per head
for more than 100. Represent the total cost as a piecewise function of the number of
attendees to the party.

Let C(x) be the total cost for the number of attendees

x be the number of attendees in the party
Answer:
C 250x 𝟎< 𝒙 ≤ 𝟓𝟎
200x 𝟓𝟏 ≤ 𝒙 ≤ 𝟏𝟎𝟎
150x x>100
Do you have any questions?
Let’s try this!
1.A user is charged ₱400.00
monthly for a Sun and Text
mobile plan which include 500
free texts messages. Messages in
excess of 500 is charged ₱1.00.
Represent a monthly cost for the
mobile plan using s(t) where t is
the number of messages sent in
a month.
 Let’s try this!

1.A school’s fair committee wants to sell t-shirts for their school
fair. They found a supplier that sells t-shirts at a price of
P175.00 a piece but can charge P15,000 for a bulk order of 100
shirts and P125.00 for each excess t-shirts after that. Use a
piecewise function to represent the cost in terms of the number
of t-shirts purchased.
 Evaluation
1. A van rental charges ₱6,000.00 flat
rate for a whole-day tour in Albay of 5
passengers and each additional passenger
added ₱300.00 to the tour fare. Express a
piecewise function to represent the van
rental in terms of number of passenger n.
 Evaluation
2. A person can encode 1000 words
in every hour of typing job. Write
the formula that expresses the total
words W as a function of the
number n of hours that the person
can encode?
Let us do the pretest! 
◦ Choose the letter of the best answer.
1. A person is earning P500.00 per day for doing a certain job. Which of the
ff expresses the total salary S as a function of the number n of days that the
person works?
a. S(n)= 500+n b. S(n)=
c. S(n)=500n d. S(n)=500-n
2. What do you call a relation where each element in the domain is related to
only one value in the range by some rules?
b. Function b. Range c. Domain d. Independent
Let us do the pretest! 
#3-4. A jeepney ride in Legazpi costs P8.00 for the first 3 kilometers, and each additional
kilometers adds P0.50 to the fare. Use a piecewise function to represent the jeepney fare F in
terms of the distance d in kilometers.
F(d)=
3. a. F(d)= c. F(d)=
b. F(d)= d. F(d)=
4. a. F(d)= c. F(d)=
b. F(d)= d. F(d)=
5. Which of the following relations is/are function/s?
a. x= c. h=
b. g= d. y=
Let us do the postest 
◦ Choose the letter of the best answer.
1. A person is earning P500.00 per day for doing a certain job. Which of the
ff expresses the total salary S as a function of the number n of days that the
person works?
a. S(n)= 500+n b. S(n)=
c. S(n)=500n d. S(n)=500-n
2. What do you call a relation where each element in the domain is related to
only one value in the range by some rules?
b. Function b. Range c. Domain d. Independent
Let us do the postest! 
#3-4. A jeepney ride in Legazpi costs P8.00 for the first 3 kilometers, and each additional
kilometers adds P0.50 to the fare. Use a piecewise function to represent the jeepney fare F
in terms of the distance d in kilometers.
F(d)=
3. a. F(d)= c. F(d)=
b. F(d)= d. F(d)=
4. a. F(d)= c. F(d)=
b. F(d)= d. F(d)=
5. Which of the following relations is/are function/s?
a. x= c. h=
b. g= d. y=