Exploring The Network: Introduction To Networks

Chapter 1:
Exploring the Network
Introduction to Networks
Presentation_ID © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 1
Chapter 1: Objectives
Students will be able to:

 Explain how multiple networks are used in everyday
life.
 Explain the topologies and devices used in a small to
medium-sized business network.
 Explain the basic characteristics of a network that
supports communication in a small to medium-sized
business.
 Explain trends in networking that will affect the use of
networks in small to medium-sized businesses.
Chapter 1
1.1 Globally Connected
1.2 LANs, WANs, and the Internet
1.3 The Network as a Platform
1.4 The Changing Network Environment
1.5 Summary
Networking Today
Networks in Our Past and Daily Lives
(IoE)
Networking Today
The Global Community
Global communities allow for social interaction that is independent of

location or time zone
Interconnecting our Lives
Networking impacts in our daily lives
 Networks Support the Way We Learn
 Networks Support the Way We Communicate
 Networks Support the Way We Work
 Networks Support the Way We Play
 Networks Support the Way We Learn
• Support the creation of virtual classrooms
• Provide on-demand video
• Enable collaborative learning spaces
• Enable mobile learning
 Networks Support the Way We Communicate
• Instant Messaging (IM) /Texting – IM and texting both enable
instant real-time communication between two or more people
• Social Media – Social media consists of interactive websites where
people and communities create and share user-generated content
with friends, family, peers, and the world
• Collaboration Tools - Collaboration tools give people the
opportunity to work together on shared documents
• Weblogs (blogs) - Weblogs are web pages that are easy to update
and edit
• Wikis - Wikis are web pages that groups of people can edit and view
together
• Podcasting - Podcasting is an audio-based medium that originally
enabled people to record audio and convert it for use
 Networks Support the Way We Work
• In the business world, data networks were initially used by
businesses to internally record and manage financial information,
customer information, and employee payroll systems
• The use of networks to provide efficient and cost-effective employee
training is increasing in acceptance (email, video, messaging, and
telephony)
• Online learning opportunities can decrease time-consuming and
costly travel yet still ensure that all employees are adequately trained
to perform their jobs in a safe and productive manner.
 Networks Support the Way We Play
Providing Resources in a Network
The Small
Networks of Many Sizes Office/Home
Office or SOHO
network
enables
computers
Small home within a home
networks office or a
connect a few remote office to
computers to connect to a
each other and corporate
the Internet. network or
access to
centralized,
shared
resources.
Medium to
large networks,
such as those The Internet is
used by a network of
corporations networks that
and schools, connects
can have many hundreds of
locations with millions of
hundreds or computers
thousands of world-wide.
interconnected
computers.
Clients and Servers The File Server stores the file, the client
device accesses the file with client
software such as Windows Explorer
The Web Server runs server software

and clients use their browser software,
such as Windows Internet Explorer, to
access web pages on the server.
The Email
Server runs
server
software and A computer with
clients use server software can
their mail provide services
client simultaneously to
software, one or many clients
such as
Microsoft
Outlook, to
access
Email on the
server
Peer-to-Peer
One computer carry out both roles (Client/Server) at the same time
LANs, WANs, and Internets
Components of a Network
There are three categories of network components:
 Devices
 Media
 Services
End Devices
Some examples of end devices are:

 Computers (work stations, laptops, file servers, web servers)
 Network printers
 VoIP phones
 TelePresence endpoint
 Security cameras
 Mobile handheld devices (such as smartphones, tablets,
PDAs, and wireless debit / credit card readers and barcode
scanners)
Network Infrastructure Devices
Examples of intermediary network devices are:
 Network Access Devices (switches, and wireless access
points)
 Internetworking Devices (routers)
 Security Devices (firewalls)
Network Media
The criteria for choosing

network media are:
 The distance the media
can successfully carry a
signal
 The environment in
which the media is to be
installed
 The amount of data
and the speed at which
it must be transmitted
 The cost of the media
and installation
Services
• A network service provides information in response to a
request.
• Processes provide the functionality that directs and moves
the messages through the network.
• Processes are critical to the operation of networks.
Network Representations
Topology Diagrams
Physical topology diagrams - Identify the physical location of
intermediary devices, configured ports, and cable installation
Topology Diagrams
Logical topology diagrams - Identify devices, ports, and IP
addressing scheme.
LANs and WANs
Types of Networks
The two most common types of network infrastructures are:
 Local Area Network (LAN) - A network infrastructure that
provides access to users and end devices in a small
geographical area
 Wide Area Network (WAN) - A network infrastructure that
provides access to other networks over a wide geographical
area.
LANs and WANs
Types of Networks
Other types of networks include:
 Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) - A network
infrastructure that spans a physical area larger than a LAN
but smaller than a WAN (e.g., a city). MANs are typically
operated by a single entity such as a large organization.
 Wireless LAN (WLAN) - Similar to a LAN but wirelessly
interconnects users and end points in a small geographical
area.
 Storage Area Network (SAN) - A network infrastructure
designed to support file servers and provide data storage,
retrieval, and replication. It involves high-end servers,
multiple disk arrays (called blocks), and Fibre Channel
interconnection technology
LANs and WANs
Local Area Networks (LAN)
Local Area Networks (LANs) are a
network infrastructure that spans a
small geographical area. Specific
features of LANs include:
 LANs interconnect end devices
in a limited area such as a
home, school, office building, or
campus.
 A LAN is usually administered by
a single organization or
individual. The administrative
control that governs the security
and access control policies are
enforced on the network level.
 LANs provide high speed
bandwidth to internal end
devices and intermediary
devices
LANs and WANs
Wide Area Networks (WAN)
Wide Area Networks (WANs) are a network infrastructure that spans a
wide geographical area. WANs are typically managed by service
providers (SP) or Internet Service Providers (ISP).
Specific features of WANs include:
 WANs interconnect LANs over wide geographical areas such as
between cities, states, provinces, countries, or continents.
 WANs are usually administered by multiple service providers.
 WANs typically provide slower speed links between LANs
The Internet
The Internet is a worldwide collection of interconnected networks
(internetworks or internet for short), cooperating with each other to
exchange information using common standards
The Internet
Intranet and Extranet
• Intranet is a private
connection of LANs and
WANs that belongs to an
organization, and is
designed to be accessible
only by the organization's
members, employees, or
others with authorization
• Extranet is a intranet plus
some other users who
work for a different
organizations, but require
company data; to provide
secure and safe access to
individuals
Internet Access Technologies
• Home users, teleworkers (remote workers), and small offices

typically require a connection to an Internet Service Provider (ISP)
to access the Internet.
 Connection options vary greatly between ISP and geographical location.
 broadband cable, broadband digital subscriber line (DSL), wireless WANs, and
mobile services.
• Organizations typically require access to other corporate sites and
the Internet.
 Fast connections, IP phones, video conferencing, and data center storage.
• Business-class interconnections are usually provided by service
providers (SP).
 business DSL, leased lines, and Metro Ethernet
Connecting to the Internet
Connecting Remote Users to the Internet
Connecting to the Internet
Connecting Businesses to the Internet
Converged Networks
The Converging Network
• Every one of services

(telephone, radio,
television networks, data
networks) required a
dedicated network:
different communication
channels
different technologies to
carry a particular
communication signal.
Each service had its own
set of rules and standards
to ensure successful
communication
Converged Networks
The Converging Network
The converged networks

are capable of delivering
voice, video streams, text,
and graphics between
many different types of
devices over the same
communication channel
and network structure
Converged Networks
Planning for the Future
Reliable Network
Supporting Network Architecture
As networks evolve, we are discovering that there are four
basic characteristics that the underlying architectures need to
address in order to meet user expectations:
 Fault Tolerance
 Scalability
 Quality of Service (QoS)
 Security
Reliable Network
 Fault Tolerance
Reliable Network
Fault Tolerance in Circuit Switched Network
Reliable Network
Packet-Switched Networks
Reliable Network
 Scalability
Reliable Network
Scalable Networks
Reliable Network
Reliable Network
Reliable Network
Providing (QoS)
Examples of priority decisions for an organization might
include:
 Time-sensitive communication - increase priority for services
like telephony or video distribution.
 Non time-sensitive communication - decrease priority for web
page retrieval or email.
 High importance to organization - increase priority for
production control or business transaction data.
 Undesirable communication - decrease priority or block
unwanted activity, like peer-to-peer file sharing or live
entertainment
Reliable Network
 Security
Reliable Network
Providing Network Security
Security measures taken in a network should:
 Prevent unauthorized disclosure
 Prevent theft of information
 Prevent unauthorized modification of
information
 Prevent Denial of Service (DoS)
There are three primary requirements:

 Ensuring confidentiality
 Maintaining communication integrity
 Ensuring availability
Reliable Network
Providing Network Security
Network Trends
New trends
Some of the top trends include:
 Bring Your Own Device (BYOD)
 Online collaboration
 Video
 Cloud computing
Network Trends
Bring Your Own Device (BYOD)
• BYOD means any device,

with any ownership, used
anywhere
• BYOD is an influential
trend that has or will
touch every IT
organization
Network Trends
Online Collaboration
• Collaboration is defined as
“the act of working with
another or others on a joint
project.”
• Three primary collaboration
questions:
1. How can they get everyone on the
same page?
2. With decreased budgets and
personnel, how can they balance
resources to be in more places at
once?
3. How can they maintain face-to-face
relationships with a growing
networks in an environment that is
more dependent on 24-hour
connectivity?
Network Trends
Online Collaboration
Some of the benefits of online collaboration:

 Improve customer satisfaction
 Increase communication choices
 Optimize team performance
 Enable mobile users
 Improve organizational communications
 Transform training and event management
 Improve facility management
Network Trends
Video Communication
Network Trends
Cloud Computing
 Cloud computing is the use of computing resources
(hardware and software) that are delivered as a service over
a network
 The term “cloud computing” really refers to web-based
computing
 Cloud computing offers the following potential benefits:
• Organizational flexibility
• Agility and rapid deployment.
• Reduced cost of infrastructure
• Refocus of IT resources
• Creation of new business models
Network Trends
Data Centers
A data center is a facility used to house computer systems and
associated components including:
 Redundant data communications connections
 High-speed virtual servers (sometimes referred to as server
farms or server clusters)
 Redundant storage systems (typically uses SAN technology)
 Redundant or backup power supplies
 Environmental controls (e.g., air conditioning, fire
suppression)
 Security devices
Networking Technologies for the Home
Technology Trends in the Home
Smart home
technology will
become more of a
reality as home
networking and
high-speed Internet
technology
becomes more
widespread in
homes
Powerline Networking
HomePlug standard powerline adapter, devices can connect

to the LAN wherever there is an electrical outlet
Wireless Broadband
• Wireless Internet Service Provider

(WISP) - an ISP that connects
subscribers -> The connection from
the home to the ISP is wireless
instead of a physical cable
• Wireless Broadband Service -
used to access the Internet with a
smart phone or tablet
Future of Networking
Network Security
Network Security
Security Threats
The most common external threats to networks include:
 Viruses, worms, and Trojan horses
 Spyware and adware
 Zero-day attacks, also called zero-hour attacks
 Hacker attacks
 Denial of service attacks
 Data interception and theft
 Identity theft
Network Security
Security Solutions
Network security components often include:
 Antivirus and antispyware
 Firewall filtering
 Dedicated firewall systems
 Access control lists (ACL)
 Intrusion prevention systems (IPS)
 Virtual Private Networks (VPNs)
Network Architectures
Cisco Network Architectures
Network Architectures
Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA)
• CCNA certification validates an
individual’s ability to install,
configure, operate, and troubleshoot
medium-size route and switched
networks, including implementation
and verification of connections to
remote sites in a WAN.
• CCNA curriculum also includes
basic mitigation of security threats,
introduction to wireless networking
concepts and terminology, and
performance-based skills. CCNA
• This CCNA curriculum includes the
use of various protocols, such as:
IP, Open Shortest Path First
(OSPF), Serial Line Interface
Protocol, Frame Relay, VLANs,
Ethernet, access control lists
(ACLs) and others.
Exploring the Networking
Summary
In this chapter, you learned:
 Networks and the Internet have changed the way we
communicate, learn, work, and even play.
 Networks come in all sizes. They can range from simple
networks consisting of two computers, to networks
connecting millions of devices.
 The Internet is the largest network in existence. In fact, the
term Internet means a ‘network of networks. The Internet
provides the services that enable us to connect and
communicate with our families, friends, work, and interests.
Summary
 The network infrastructure is the platform that supports the
network. It provides the stable and reliable channel over
which communication can occur. It is made up of network
components including end devices, intermediate device, and
network media.
 Networks must be reliable.
 Network security is an integral part of computer networking,
regardless of whether the network is limited to a home
environment with a single connection to the Internet, or as
large as a corporation with thousands of users.
Summary
 The network infrastructure can vary greatly in terms of size,
number of users, and number and types of services that are
supported on it. The network infrastructure must grow and
adjust to support the way the network is used. The routing
and switching platform is the foundation of any network
infrastructure.

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Chapter 1:

Exploring the Network

Students will be able to:

Global communities allow for social interaction that is independent of

 Networks Support the Way We Communicate

 Networks Support the Way We Work

 Networks Support the Way We Play

The Web Server runs server software

Some examples of end devices are:

The criteria for choosing

• Home users, teleworkers (remote workers), and small offices

• Every one of services

The converged networks

There are three primary requirements:

• BYOD means any device,

Some of the benefits of online collaboration:

HomePlug standard powerline adapter, devices can connect

• Wireless Internet Service Provider

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