College of Engineering Education

2nd Floor, B&E Building

Matina Campus, Davao City
Telefax: (082) 296-1084
Phone No.: (082)300-5456/300-0647 Local 133

UNIVERSITY OF MINDANAO
College of Engineering Education
Computer Engineering Program

Physically Distanced but Academically Engaged

Self-Instructional Manual (SIM) for
Self-Directed Learning (SDL)

CEE 102/L: PHYSICS 1 FOR ENGINEERS

Engr. MARIANNE G. WATA

Co-Authors: Engr. MA. ANGELA I. ESTELLA

Engr. CRIJAMAICA L. OCEÑA
Engr. ALFONSE IRENEO T. ESTIBAL
Engr. JAMES MARK P. GALLAWAN
Engr. JAY CARLO S. AGUILAR
Engr. JAMES MARK GALLAWAN
Engr. RONNEL ESPARAGOZA
Engr. DANIELYN PLAZOS
Engr. NORRODIN MELOG

THIS SIM/SDL MANUAL IS A DRAFT VERSION ONLY; NOT FOR REPRODUCTION AND
DISTRIBUTION OUTSIDE OF ITS INTENDED USE. THIS IS INTENDED ONLY FOR THE USE OF
THE STUDENTS WHO ARE OFFICIALLY ENROLLED IN THE COURSE/SUBJECT.EXPECT
REVISIONS OF THE MANUAL.

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 College of Engineering Education
2nd Floor, B&E Building
Matina Campus, Davao City
Telefax: (082) 296-1084
Phone No.: (082)300-5456/300-0647 Local 133

Table of Contents

Big Picture in Focus: ULO-a. Understand the dynamics of rotation .................................... 3

Metalanguage ......................................................................................................................................... 3
Essential Knowledge ................................................................................................................................ 3
Keywords ................................................................................................................................................ 3
Motion in Uniform Circular Model ..................................................................................................... 4
Tangential and Radial Acceleration .................................................................................................... 6
Self-Help: You can also refer to the sources below to help you further understand the lesson: ........... 7
Let’s Check .............................................................................................................................................. 7
Let’s Analyze ........................................................................................................................................... 9

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 College of Engineering Education
2nd Floor, B&E Building
Matina Campus, Davao City
Telefax: (082) 296-1084
Phone No.: (082)300-5456/300-0647 Local 133

Week 4-5: Unit Learning Outcomes (ULO): At the end of the unit, you are expected to:
a. understand the dynamics of rotation
b. apply work-energy theorem and energy conservation
c. apply conservation of momentum in solving impulse and momentum

Big Picture in Focus: ULO-a. Understand the dynamics of rotation

Metalanguage

To understand principles of rotational motion is the goal for this ULO-a. To demonstrate
such, you will encounter the following terms and formulas:
1. Centripetal Acceleration – the acceleration directed toward the center of the
circular path by a net force
2. Acceleration of a particle in Uniform Circular motion
𝑣2
∑𝐹 = 𝑚
𝑟
3. Period – the time taken for one complete cycle of motion
4. The total acceleration consists of tangential and radial acceleration.

Please note that the concepts introduced in the previous topics are still relevant as the
analysis includes x- and y-direction.
Essential Knowledge
In the previous topics, we discussed the systems of motion and Newton’s Laws of
Motion applied in linear motion. In this section, let us apply Newton’s Laws of Motion in
circular motion. A particle moving in uniform circular motion experiences a centripetal
acceleration. Examples that we encounter of forces that cause centripetal acceleration are
the force of gravity (as in the motion of a satellite) and the force of tension in a string. The
concepts of angular speed, angular acceleration, and centripetal acceleration are central
to understanding the motions of a diverse range of phenomena, from a car moving around
a circular racetrack to clusters of galaxies orbiting a common center.

Keywords
Centripetal Acceleration Radial acceleration Newtonian Gravitation
Tangential acceleration Period

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2nd Floor, B&E Building
Matina Campus, Davao City
Telefax: (082) 296-1084
Phone No.: (082)300-5456/300-0647 Local 133

Motion in Uniform Circular Model

The analysis model of a particle in a uniform circular motion includes an acceleration that
has a magnitude of
𝑣2
𝑎⃗ =
𝑟

Where 𝑣 is the particle’s speed and 𝑟 is the radius. The acceleration in this model is
directed toward the center and is called centripetal acceleration. If Newton’s second law is
applied along the radial direction, the net force causing the centripetal acceleration can be
related to the acceleration as follows:
𝑣2
∑ 𝐹 = 𝑚𝑎𝑐 = 𝑚
𝑟

Example 1:
A puck of mass 0.500 kg is attached to the end of a cord 1.50 m long. The puck moves in a
horizontal circle. If the cord can withstand a maximum tension of 50.0 N, what is the
maximum speed at which the puck can move before the cord breaks? Assume the string
remains horizontal during the motion.

First, identify the given. Force acted is in a form of the cord’s tension, so
𝑣2
𝑇=𝑚
𝑟
𝑣2 𝒎
50.0 𝑁 = 0.500 𝑘𝑔 → 𝒗 = 𝟏𝟐. 𝟐
1.50 𝑚 𝒔

Example 2:
A 1 500-kg car moving on a flat, horizontal road negotiates a curve. If the radius of the
curve is 35.0 m and the coefficient of static friction between the tires and dry pavement is
0.523, find the maximum speed the car can have and still make the turn successfully.

Identifying the given forces we have the weight, static

friction, and normal. As you can see from the FBD, the
horizontal force present is the friction alone and there
is no motion in the y-direction. Meaning, the analysis
along the y-axis is at equilibrium and the x-axis is the
centripetal force which is the friction.
𝑣2 𝐹𝑟 𝜇𝑠 𝑛𝑟
𝐹=𝑚 → 𝑣=√ =√
𝑟 𝑚 𝑚
To solve for 𝑛
∑ 𝐹𝑦 = 𝑛 − 𝑚𝑔 = 0 → 𝑛 = 𝑚𝑔
𝑚
𝑛 = (1 500𝑘𝑔) (9.80 2 ) = 14 700 𝑁
𝑠
𝜇𝑠 𝑛𝑟 (0.523)(14 700𝑁)(35.0 𝑚) 𝒎
Therefore, 𝑣= √ =√ = 𝟏𝟑. 𝟒
𝑚 1 500 𝑘𝑔 𝒔

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2nd Floor, B&E Building
Matina Campus, Davao City
Telefax: (082) 296-1084
Phone No.: (082)300-5456/300-0647 Local 133

Example 3:

A civil engineer wishes to redesign the curved roadway in such a way that a car will not
have to rely on friction to round the curve without skidding. Suppose the designated speed
for the road is to be 13.4 m/s (30.0 mi/h) and the radius of the curve is 35.0 m. At what
angle should the curve be banked?

The analysis starts with the identification of the forces

and motion along x- and y- axes. In this case, the
acceleration along the y-axis is zero and along the x-axis is
centripetal. Therefore,
∑ 𝐹𝑦 = 𝑛𝑦 − 𝑚𝑔 = 0 → 𝑛 cos 𝜃 = 𝑚𝑔
𝑚𝑣 2 𝑚𝑣 2
∑ 𝐹𝑥 = −𝑛𝑥 + → 𝑛 sin 𝜃 =
𝑟 𝑟
𝑚𝑣 2
𝑛 sin 𝜃 =
𝑟
𝑚𝑔 𝑚𝑣 2
(sin 𝜃) =
cos 𝜃 𝑟
𝑚𝑣 2
𝑚𝑔 tan 𝜃 =
𝑟
2 (13.4𝑚/𝑠) 2
−1
𝑣 −1
𝜃 = tan = tan = 𝟐𝟕. 𝟔°
𝑟𝑔 (35.0 𝑚)(9.80 𝑚/𝑠 2 )

One way to describe the motion of a particle moving with constant speed in a circle is in
terms of the period 𝑇. Period is defined as the time interval required for one complete
revolution of the particle. One complete revolution is equivalent to the circumference of a
circle, hence,
𝟐𝝅𝒓
𝑻=
𝒗
Angular speed 𝜔, on the other hand, is the rotation rate measured in radians/second.
2𝜋
𝜔=
𝑇
Which will then be derived into:
2𝜋 𝑣 𝑣
𝜔= = 2𝜋 ( )= → 𝒗 = 𝒓𝝎
2𝜋𝑟 2𝜋𝑟 𝑟
𝑣

Example 1:
What is the angular speed of the Earth in its orbit around the Sun if the period of the Earth’s
orbit is one year and the radius of the Earth’s orbit around the Sun, which is 1.496 x10 11
m?
2𝜋 2𝜋 1 𝑦𝑟
𝜔= = ( ) = 1.99𝑥10−7 𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑠𝑒𝑐
𝑇 1 𝑦𝑟 3.156𝑥107 𝑠

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2nd Floor, B&E Building
Matina Campus, Davao City
Telefax: (082) 296-1084
Phone No.: (082)300-5456/300-0647 Local 133

Tangential and Radial Acceleration

Fig. 19 shows that as the particle moves along the curved path the direction of the total
acceleration vector changes from point to point. The total acceleration vector is the sum of
the radial and tangential components, which can be written as:

𝑎⃗ = ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑎𝑟 + ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑎𝑡

𝑣2 𝑑𝑣
Where ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑎𝑟 = −𝑎𝑐 = − 𝑟 and ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑎𝑡 = | 𝑑𝑡 |. The radial component 𝑎𝑟 is along the radius of the
circle and the tangential component is perpendicular to this radius. In a uniform circular
motion, as discussed above, there is no change in velocity therefore tangential acceleration
is zero.

Fig. 19

Example 1:
A car leaves a stop sign and exhibits a constant acceleration of 0.300 m/s2 parallel to the
roadway. The car passes over a rise in the roadway such that the top of the rise is shaped
like an arc of a circle of radius 500 m. At the moment the car is at the top of the rise, its
velocity vector is horizontal and has a magnitude of 6.00 m/s. What are the magnitude and
direction of the total acceleration vector for the car at this instant?

Let us identify the given: The constant acceleration acts in the x-direction as it is
parallel to the roadway which is actually the tangential acceleration. Velocity and
radius are given. To obtain for the magnitude, let us solve first the tangential and
radial acceleration.
𝑣2 (6.00𝑚/𝑠)2
𝑎𝑟 = − = − = −0.072 𝑚/𝑠 2
𝑟 500 𝑚
𝑎𝑡 = 0.300 𝑚/𝑠 2
|𝑎| = √(𝑎𝑟 )2 + (𝑎𝑡 )2 = √(−0.072)2 + (0.300)2 = 𝟎. 𝟑𝟎𝟗 𝒎/𝒔𝟐
𝑎𝑟
𝜃 = tan−1 = −𝟏𝟑. 𝟓 °
𝑎𝑡

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 College of Engineering Education
2nd Floor, B&E Building
Matina Campus, Davao City
Telefax: (082) 296-1084
Phone No.: (082)300-5456/300-0647 Local 133

Self-Help: You can also refer to the sources below to help you further understand the
lesson:

*Serway, R. (2014). Physics for Scientist and Engineers with Modern Physics (9th ed)
Australia: Cengage Learning..
*Katz, D. (2017). Physics for Scientist and Engineers: Foundations and Connections.
Australia: Cengage Learning.

Let’s Check

Activity 1. Practice Problems

Problem 1. Motion in Uniform Circular Model

The athlete rotates a 1.00-kg discus along a circular path of radius 1.06 m. The maximum
speed of the discus is 20.0 m/s. Determine the magnitude of the maximum radial
acceleration of the discus.
Solution:

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2nd Floor, B&E Building
Matina Campus, Davao City
Telefax: (082) 296-1084
Phone No.: (082)300-5456/300-0647 Local 133

Problem 2: Motion in Uniform Circular Model

Find the angular speed of Earth’s rotation about its axis.

Solution:

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2nd Floor, B&E Building
Matina Campus, Davao City
Telefax: (082) 296-1084
Phone No.: (082)300-5456/300-0647 Local 133

Let’s Analyze

Problem 1. Motion in Uniform Circular Model

In a compact disc player, as the read head moves out from the center of the disc, the angular
speed of the disc changes so that the linear speed at the position of the head remains at a
constant value of about 1.3 m/s.

a. Find the angular speed of the compact disc when the read head is at r = 2.0 cm and
again at r = 5.6 cm.
b. An old-fashioned record player rotates at a constant angular speed, so the linear
speed of the record groove moving under the detector (the stylus) changes. Find
the linear speed of a 45.0-rpm record at points 2.0 and 5.6 cm from the center.
c. In both the CD and phonograph record, information is recorded in a continuous
spiral track. Calculate the total length of the track for a CD designed to play for 1.0
h.

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2nd Floor, B&E Building
Matina Campus, Davao City
Telefax: (082) 296-1084
Phone No.: (082)300-5456/300-0647 Local 133

Problem 2: Motion in Circular Model

An adventurous archeologist (m=85.0 kg) tries to cross a river by swinging from a vine.
The vine is 10.0 m long, and his speed at the bottom of the swing is 8.00 m/s. The
archeologist doesn’t know that the vine has a breaking strength of 1 000 N. Does he make
it across the river without falling in?

Solution:

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2nd Floor, B&E Building
Matina Campus, Davao City
Telefax: (082) 296-1084
Phone No.: (082)300-5456/300-0647 Local 133

Problem 3: Motion in Circular Model

A 55.0-kg ice skater is moving at 4.00 m/s when she grabs the loose end of a rope, the
opposite end of which is tied to a pole. She then moves in a circle of radius 0.800 m around
the pole.

a. Determine the force exerted by the horizontal rope on her arms.

b. Compare this force with her weight.

Solution:

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