THE ORIGIN OF LAKE MANINJAU

Asal-usul Danau Maninjau

Property of the State

Not for Commercial Use

Language Development and Cultivation Agency

Ministry of Education and Culture
Republic of Indonesia
2018
 THE ORIGIN OF LAKE MANINJAU

Translated from
Asal-usul Danau Maninjau
written by Agus Sri Danardana
published by
Language Development and Cultivation Agency
Ministry of Education and Culture
in 2016

This translation has been published as the result of the translation program organized
by The Center for Language Strategy and Diplomacy Development,
Language Development and Cultivation Agency, Ministry of Education and Culture
in 2018

Advisory Board Dadang Sunendar

Emi Emilia
Gufran Ali Ibrahim
Project Supervisor Dony Setiawan
Translator Ana Susilowati
Reviewer Raden Safrina
Editor-In-Chief Theya Wulan Primasari
Editorial Team Emma L.M. Nababan
Andi Maytendri Matutu
Saprudin Padlil Syah
Meili Sanny Sinaga

All rights reserved.

Copyrights of the original book and the translation belong to
Language Development and Cultivation Agency,
Ministry of Education and Culture, Republic of Indonesia.

Language Development and Cultivation Agency

Ministry of Education and Culture, Republic of Indonesia
Jalan Daksinapati Barat IV, Rawamangun, Jakarta
Telepon (021) 4706287, 4706288, 4896558, 4894546
Pos-el: [email protected]
www.badanbahasa.kemdikbud.go.id

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iv
 Foreword

Literature work is not only series of word but it also talks

about life, both realistically and idealistically of human. If it is
realistic, the literature work usually contains life experiences,
good model, and wisdom whic have been added various style and
imagination along with it. Meanwhile, if it idealistic, the literature
work contains moral lecture, good character, advices,
philosophical symbols, culture and other things related to human
life. The life itself is very diverse, varies, and full of various
problems and conflicts faced by humans. The diversity in humans
life also affects to the diversity of literature work because the
contents are inseparable from civilized and dignified humans life.
The literature works that dealing with life utilizes
language as medium of deliverance and imaginative art as its
cultural land. On the basis of the language medium and
imaginative art, literature is multidimensional and multi-
interpretative. Using language medium, imginative art and
cultural dimension, literature deliver messages to be reviewed or
analyzed from various perspectives. The outcome of that
perspective depends greatly on who is reviewing and analyzing
with various socio-cultural and knowledge background. There is a
time when a literary reviewer reviews from the point of view of
metaphor, myth, symbol, power, ideology, economy, politics, and
culture can be refuted by other reviewers who see from
perspective of sound, referent, or irony. Even so, Heraclitus said,
"However opposite they work together and from different
directions, the most beautiful harmony emerges".
There are many lessons that we can get from reading
literature, one of which is reading folktales that are adapted or
reprocessed into children's stories. The results of reading
literature always inspire and motivate readers to be creative in

v
finding something new. Reading literature can trigger further
imagination, open enlightenment, and add insights. For this
reason, we express our gratitude for the processors for the story.
We also express our appreciation and gratitude to the Head of the
Coaching Center, Head of the Learning Division, and Head of the
Subdivision of Modules and Teaching Materials and staffs for all
the efforts and hard works carried out until the realization of this
book.
Hopefully this storybook is not only useful as a reading
material for students and the community to foster a culture of
literacy through the National Literacy Movement program, but
also useful as an enrichment of our knowledge of past life that
can be utilized in addressing current and future life developments.

Jakarta, June 2016

Regards,
Prof. Dr. Dadang Sunendar, M. Hum.

vi
 Preface

As a tourism place, Maninjau Lake is well known to

many people. Its beauty is famous, not only domestically, but also
abroad. It is said that the lake located in Tanjungraya District,
Agam Regency, West Sumatra Province was once a volcanic
crater. Tinjau Mountain was the name. The mountain was
adjacent to two other mountains, namely Mount Merapi and
Mount Singgalang.
The Mount Tinjau peak does not look tapered like Mount
Merapi and Mount Singgalang do. Mount Tinjau looks sturdy and
fat. At its peak there is a huge crater. Around the crater there are
almost no plants growing, except for shrubs that grow between
rocks.
So, why did the Gunung Tinjau crater turn into a lake?
According to the owner of the story, the crater turned into a lake
because it was used to punish lovebirds, Siti Rasani and Giran,
who were innocent. By Bujang Sembilan (as the nine older
brothers of Siti Rasani were called), the couple were accused of
having committed a disgraceful act. Together with the people,
Bujang Sembilan dumped the couple in the Mount Tinjau crater.
Miracles happened. The Mount Tinjau Crater suddenly
overflowed, as if it was angry. The hot lava devoured all kind of
forms. After subsiding, the cratercooled down, turning into a very
beautiful lake. Even now, the abundance of water stops in the

vii
valleys, spreading fertility. Fish continues to breed, providing
nutrition to the community. That is Lake Maninjau.
Want to know the detail of the story? Please read the
story book entitled The Origin of Lake Maninjau by yourself.
Happy reading.

Padang, April 2016

Agus Sri Danardana

viii
 Table of Contents

Foreword ....................................................................................... v
Preface .........................................................................................vii
Table of Contents ......................................................................... ix
THE ORIGIN OF LAKE MANINJAU......................................... 1
Mount Tinjau ............................................................................. 1
Nine Bachelors and Siti Rasani ................................................. 7
Datuk Limbatang ..................................................................... 12
Agility Contest ........................................................................ 16
Proposing to Siti Rasani .......................................................... 19
The Meeting that Spells Disasters ........................................... 27
Lake Maninjau......................................................................... 35
The Author .................................................................................. 41
The Editor.................................................................................... 43

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 THE ORIGIN OF LAKE MANINJAU

Mount Tinjau

Mount Tinjau was said to be the biggest mount in West Sumatra.

This mount, which was located in Agam Regency, was close to
two other mounts, Mount Merapi and Mount Singgalang.

The peak of Mount Tinjau did not appear pointy like many other
volcanoes. Mount Tinjau looked sturdy and huge. At its peak, a
mega-wide crater was found. Plants barely grew around the
crater, except for the shrubs sheltered by rocks. Even so, it could
be said that these plants were half-dead, half-alive.

At the foot of the Mount Tinjau, there were several villages. The
fertile soil at the foot of that mount had attracted many people to
live there. They commonly worked in the farm. They grew all
types of plants. The plants, starting from rice to fruits (such as
durian, oranges, and guavas) and vegetables (such as potatoes,
cabbages, chilies, tomatoes, and beans) grew well there. And that
was the reason why the villagers at the foot of Mount Tinjau lived
prosperously and wealthily. They were very agile and farmed
diligently. The harvests that they earned always came in abundant
quantity.

A clan lived in one of those villages, Datuk Limbatang’s clan. As

the name suggested, the clan was led by Datuk Limbatang.

1
2
The clan of Datuk Limbatang comprised several families. One of
those families was consisted of ten siblings: nine men and one
woman. These nine men (their names were Kukuban, Kudun,
Bayua, Malintang, Galapuang, Balok, Batang, Bayang, and
Kaciak) were called Nine Bachelors by the local people.
Meanwhile, their sister Siti Rasani, was usually called Sani.

That night, they sat around their mother who was lying ill in bed.

“Before my death comes, I ask all of you to make a promise. You

must live in harmony. Kukuban, my son, as the eldest son, I ask
you to take care of your brothers and sister”.

“Yes, mother. I promise to take care of my brothers and sister,”

Kukuban replied while kissing his mother’s hand.

3
“Do not ever neglect Sani, the youngest one and your only
sister,” the mother said afterwards.

“Yes, Mother,” The Nine Bachelors replied synchronously. “We

will love Siti Rasani wholeheartedly,” continued Kudun.

A joyful smile came on the old woman’s lips. She stared at her
ten children, one by one.

“No need to worry, Sister. I shall keep an eye on and educate the
children so that they can bring happiness to us all.” Datuk
Limbatang tried to convince his sister.

All of a sudden, a tense atmosphere came, just like the two

previous years; when their father took his last breath, also in that
room. From then on, the ten siblings neither had father nor
mother. They became orphans, and then they lived in the house
inherited from their parents. By tradition, their house was dubbed
bagonjong house because the shape of the roof was sharp and
looming like buffalo’s horns.

There are various types of bagonjong house. Normally, the type

of bagonjong house is determined by the number of its lanjar.
Bagonjong house with two lanjars are called lipek pandan
(pandanus folding). In general, lipek pandan uses two gonjongs,
like those of the Nine Bachelor’s house. The house with three
lanjars is called balah bubuang (belah bubung). The roof has four
pointy tips. The house with four lanjars is called gajah maharam

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(drowned elephant). Normally, gajah maharam has six or more
pointy tips.

Judging from the number of its lanjar and gonjong, the house of
the Nine Bachelors and Siti Rasani fell into the type of lipek
pandan (pandanus folding). There were two lanjars (segments
from the front to back) and gonjongs. As the house was well-
maintained, that stilt-spired-roof-house appeared to remain sturdy
and clean. Its beauty replenished the natural beauty of the foot of
Mount Tinjau.

The extremely important part of the house was the pit. The Nine
Bachelors and Siti Rasani’s house pit was considerably high and
wide. Besides functioning as a warehouse for agricultural tools,
the house pit also became a place for Siti Rasani’s weaving
activities. The house of Nine Bachelors and Siti Rasani was
supported by a foundation pillar placed on a stone niche. Such
construction allowed the house pole to shift and wobble. In fact,
the structure was not built using plain joints or any nails, making
the spired-roof-house earthquake-resistant.

In the wake of the death of both of their parents, Kukuban was the
one trusted to be the head of the family. As the firstborn,
Kukuban must be responsible for the survival of his siblings.
Every day, he took his eight younger brothers to the field and
farmland. While at the same time, he asked Siti Rasani to stay in

5
the house for cooking and doing house chores. Simply put,
Kukuban was the decision maker of the family.

6
Nine Bachelors and Siti Rasani

It was still dark. The sky still left a glimpse of the moon. Its
reddish glow was yet to glow entirely. The dew was still firmly
swaying at the tip of the leaves. The dawn at the slope of Mount
Tampak was a huge indulgence for most of the villagers. They
were still asleep. The chickens were the only ones busy scratching
the ground, looking for food. From afar, the sound of the birds
was heard twittering to each other, as if they wanted to greet the
sun.

Unlike other houses, hustle and bustle had begun in the big house
(rumah gadang) which was located in the middle of that village.
Its residents, Nine Bachelors and Siti Rasani, had started their
daily routines.

In that five-spired roof house with red-green croton fences, Siti

Rasani, as usual, had woken up even before the crack of dawn.

She was busy preparing breakfast for the Nine Bachelors who
were about to go to the fields. Siti Rasani cooked rice, side dishes,
and vegetables for the Nine Bachelors. She also prepared their
drinks. Not all of her brothers liked to drink coffee in the
morning. Kudun, Bayua, and Kaciak preferred hot tea.

“The tea that you brew is incredible, Sani,” Kudun praised her as
he sipped that warm tea.

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“It tastes exactly the same with the tea brewed by mother," Bayua
added.

“Ahh, my brothers Kudun and Bayua, please, it’s just regular

tea,” said Siti Rasani as she blushed.

“This rendang (hot and spicy beef curry) that you cooked is also
very delicious, Sani. Not to mention this yam shoots curry.”
Bayang did not want to be outdone in praising his beloved sister.

“Apparently you inherited Mother’s cooking skill," said

Galapuang abruptly. He sat against the chair in the corner of the
room. He was really on a full stomach. His brothers laughed at
him.

“See, don’t be greedy, Galapuang. Eat just enough,” Kukuban

gave advice to his brother. “Let's go. It will be dawn soon.”

The morning air was cool. The sun started to peer out little by
little at the eastern horizon. The yellowish light started out to
radiate on the slopes of Mount Tinjau, shining on the fields and
farmlands there. Then, the Nine Bachelors went to their
respective field or farmland. They had already divided their tasks.
Some of them worked on rice field, whilst others work on
farmland. But, they were always together, be it in joy and sorrow.
Their harmony sometimes made many people jealous of them.

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To meet daily living needs, the Nine Bachelors farmed. They
worked on the farmlands inherited from both of their parents. The
products of the paddy field and the farmland inherited from their
parents were enough to meet the living necessities for the ten of
them.

Prior to their parents’ departure, the Nine Bachelors had gotten

used to farming. Every day, they helped their father to farm and
cultivate. Besides, they received guidance from their uncle, Datuk
Limbatang. On the fields, they had skills to cultivate the soil.
Plowing and hoeing were parts of their daily lives, and so was on
the field. They skillfully notched sap, climbed the trees, and
cultivated vegetables.

The Nine Bachelors thereby were known as tough farmers. Their

fields and farmlands always produced abundant harvests. It was
because of their agility. In addition to their diligent work and
devout worship, they were also always obedient to the rules.

At the meantime, Siti Rasani was working around the house. She
washed her brothers’ dirty dishes, and then she cleaned up the
house. After all the things had been neatly arranged, Siti Rasani
went down to the yard. She organized the plants there. Besides
flowers, Siti Rasani also grew plants on that fairly large house
yard, for example chilies, eggplants, tomatoes, and cassavas. She
could use the products to fulfill daily food needs. Since
childhood, Siti Rasani had been taught with many kinds of

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knowledge. Beautiful manner, polite custom, good temperament,
and diversified education were fostered within Siti Rasani. She,
therefore, grew into a girl with virtuous and charming personality.
She grew up into sumarak (a glory) in that village that was
located at the foot of Mount Tinjau.

“The humanity is bound by a rope of virtue," so Datuk Limbatang

gave his advice at a time.

“Sani is the only becket expected to connect our descendants

from here on. In the future, she is litak ka bakeh mintak nasi,
hauih ka tampek mintak aia. She will be the heir of the big house
in the future. We, thereby, must seriously groom this future bundo
kanduang,” Kukuban added.

“That’s right. We shall also give affection to her. Do remember,

when mother passed away, Sani was just a little girl. She did not
even have time to feel the affection of our father. By that, we
must educate her with gentle attitude,” Bayua reminded his other
brothers.

Little Siti Rasani grew into a beautiful teenager. She was

extremely beautiful, as beautiful as her courtliness. She turned out
to be a gentle, polite, and compassionate girl. “Respecting older
people, cherishing the younger ones, and being polite to her
peers” had been her way of life, so no wonder many people were
attracted to her.

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Just like a flower, Siti Rasani was adored by many people. Many
bees were attracted to it, and there were many marriage proposals
sent to her.

11
Datuk Limbatang

Datuk Limbatang (usually called Engku) was the leader of a clan

at the foot of Mount Tinjau. People said the live of the clan under
Engku’s leadership was harmonious and peaceful. As a Datuk and
headman in his village, Engku was well-aware of his duties. He
also had responsibility to his siblings and nephews & nieces in
fostering, nurturing, protecting and managing the utilization of
inheritance rights and customary rights for the welfare of his
clanspersons.

Datuk (nobleman) is the traditional honorary title that he received

on the bestowal of his clanspersons. The title was conferred in a
traditional ceremony. In Minangkabau tradition, there is an
expression: Datuak gelarnya, panghulu jabatannya, dan ninik
mamak lembaganya. On that basis, a Datuk must maintain his
dignity. He has to realize that the title he holdsis the infinity of
traditional honor within a clan. For that reason, besides avoiding
countless taboos and restrictions, a Datuk must also acquire
positive traits that can be emulated by his clanspersons.

Datuk Limbatang was an uncle, as he was the biological brother

of themother of the Nine Bachelors and Siti Rasani. He must take
responsibility for his ten nephews and niece. In the same way,
Datuk Limbatang was also the head of the family. He must
remain in charge of his wife and child. Anak dipangku jo
pancarian, kamanakan dibimbiang jo pusako. He had to be

12
responsible for his children and wife, in addition to his ten
nephews and niece. As an uncle, Datuk Limbatang had a great
responsibility to educate and care for the lives of the villagers and
his ten nephews and niece.

Every other day, Datuk Limbatang with his only child, Giran,
sometimes visited the house of Kukuban Brothers to teach them
farming methods and many customary practices in the area. Not
uncommonly, Datuk Limbatang paid a visit with his only child,
Giran. He had to nurture his child, his ten nephews and niece in
equal affection.

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By tradition, the men in Minangkabau play the role as the leaders
in his extended family (his mother’s family). The men have
responsibility to take care of and protect all of his sisters and
children of his sisters.

And so was Datuk Limbatang. As an uncle, he was also obliged

to take care and preserve the heritage which became the life
source of all members of the extended family. That’s why an
uncle earned more submission than the father.

The uncle’s main duty to his niece is to find her a good spouse.
An uncle will be tremendously embarrassed if his coming-of-age
niece is yet to get married. He will be labeled as the uncle
incapable of looking after his niece. Meanwhile, his niece and her
family will be dubbed ‘being left on the shelf.’

Themarriage of the niecewill not reduce the responsibility of the

uncle. He will maintain his responsibility to care for the married
niece. Even ifnecessary, he must fulfill her material needs.

And so was the duty of Datuk Limbatang. As an uncle, he must

commit himself to his ten nephews and niece. As the headman, he
must also be responsible for his clanspersons.

Urang nan gadang basa batuah, so said the proverb. Engku

Limbatang was the supreme leader of his clanspersons. He was a
man of greatness or meritoriousness to his clanspersons. He

14
became a role model in his tribe, and was well-respected and
honored in his village.

The villagers at the foot of Mount Tinjau generally paid great

respect to Datuk Limbatang. As a leader, he behaved
immaculately and politely. He always paid attention to every
problem endured by his clanspersons.

15
Agility Contest

The harvest season came. The villagers were having fun. As

always, and as a form of gratitude, they threw a celebratory
festival. The customary leaders and every villager agreed to hold
multiple attractions and competitions. One of the attractions that
they always held was martial arts competitions.

Just like the previous years, the village youths enthusiastically

welcomed the attraction. With smoldering eagerness, they
immediately registered themselves to the organizing committee.
Kukuban and Giran were no exception; they also participated in
that attraction.

All of the villagers were gathering on a field. The crowd’s

cheering was jarring throughout the field. The sound of gongs, the
marker of the beginning and end of the competition, had been
repeatedly heard. It appeared that Kukuban got his first turn to
perform against a participant from the neighboring hamlet. They
faced each other in the center of the arena. Whoever won the
battle, they would fight the next participant. Kukuban defeated his
opponents, but nobody could defeat him. There was only one
opponent left, Giran.

“Hey, Giran! Enter the arena. Fight me if you dare!” challenged

Kukuban.

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“All right, Brother! Get ready for my attacks!” Giran responded
and promptly attacked Kukuban.

At first, Giran insistently delivered his jabs to Kukuban.

Nonetheless, moments later, the table turned; it was Kukuban
who relentlessly attacked him. He kept attacking Giran with his
stronghold moves, also relentlessly. Giran was cornered and
could not avoid it any longer. As Kukuban casted a hard kick on
his left foot, Giran dodged it with his both hands.

“Ouch! It hurts, it hurts! My leg,” cried Kukuban suddenly. He

then fell limp on the ground.

Apparently, Giran’s fend-off had broken Kukuban's left leg. He

was not capable of continuing the game and was declared
defeated.

Despite the victory, Giran did not seem happy. He was sad. He
felt guilty over causing injuries to Kukuban.

“Please, forgive me, Brother. I just tried to fend off your jabs,” he
pleaded to Kukuban.

“Really, I never meant to do any harm to you, Brother,” Giran

continued. He kept trying to give explanation.

‘Streak of bad luck and string of bad luck’: that was the
description of Kukuban's fate. His conceit had brought him into

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disgrace. Instead gaining the victory, he suffered from defeat.
Giran’s fend-off had broken his left leg.

In the wake of the incident, Kukuban hated Giran. His

exasperation and resentment continued. He thought Giran had
embarrassed him in public.

“Watch out, Giran. Wait for my revenge later,” he told himself.

Kukuban should not have had the desire to pay such revenge. As
the firstborn, he should have set a good example to his younger
siblings. Not to mention, the grudge was aimed at Giran, his
Uncle’s son.

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Proposing to Siti Rasani

It was one sunny morning. That five-spired-roof big house

seemed to stand gallantly in the morning sunlight. The sky-high
peaks of Mount Merapi, Mount Singgalang, and Mount Tinjau
were clearly visible. No white clouds blocked the view to them.
The forest appeared persistently dense and green, and the cool
wind blowing from the mountains. From the distance, three
silhouettes were seen getting nearer.

They were apparently Datuk Limbatang, his wife and Giran. Out
of ordinary, he gave a very serious impression. He wore full
traditional clothing, and so did his wife and son, Giran. They paid
a visit to the Nine Bachelors’ house for a purpose.

“Assalamualaikum.”

“Alaikum salam,” Siti Rasani replied as she opened the door. “Oh,
Engku, please come in.”

“How are you? I see that you are very cheerful now”

“I’m fine, Engku,” Siti Rasani replied while shaking hands with
them, one by one. By chance, Siti Rasani and Giran exchanged
glances. It turned out the two had a crush on each other. Two
months previously, Giran invited Siti Rasani to meet on a field
beside a river bank. There was a hut in Giran’s field that stood
right on the river bank. They met in that hut and chatted there.

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Giran, with a pounding heart, revealed his feeling towards Siti
Rasani.

It’s been a long time after the basils are soaked

But it’s just about now they begin to grow bigger

It’s been a long time since my love is kept hidden

But it’s just about now we meet each other

It’s been a long time since people became reckless

In making big lace dresses

It’s been a long time since I was besotted

Before this meeting, this heart pounded

Beautiful face, beautiful demeanor

Her life is one good deed

People praise her, over and over

Anyone who sees her will be mesmerized

These were three verses of poem serenaded by Giran in front of

Sani.

“Sani, you have a beautiful face, good demeanor, and

compassionate. Will you be my lover?” asked Giran later.

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That question made Siti Rasani’s heart beat fast. In her heart, she
liked Giran, too. She then responded to it using a poem as well.

Jackfruit that’s still young

Will be a tasty cooking

It’s been long since I’ve been waiting

But it’s just now I can send you my greeting

If Melaka City shall ever fall

I would pull the boards in Java to their vertical

If you meant those words for real

I would give you this body and soul

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How delighted Giran after hearing Siti Rasani’s response. He was
truly happy because of his requited love.

From then on, Giran and Siti Rasani were involved in romantic
relationship. At the beginning, the two intended to hide their
relationship, but for fear of causing libel, both of them then came
clean about their relationship to their families. After finding out
about it, both Giran’s and Siti Rasani’s families were delighted
and happy as it could strengthen their familial relationship.

After having relationship with Siti Rasani, Giran frequently

visited the Nine Bachelors’ house. In fact, he often helped the
Nine Bachelors to work on their fields.

Nevertheless, for some reason, Kukuban seemed to dislike Giran

lately. In fact, Kukuban once ranted against Giran,

“You should not have helped us here.”

“Why is that, brother?” Giran asked in bewilderment.

“Ah, never mind,” answered Kukuban, and then he went away.

And that’s what had been happening all along.

This morning, Datuk Limbatang and his wife visited Nine

Bachelors house. They wanted to convey the Giran’s marriage
proposal to Sani.

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“Excuse us, Nine Bachelors, the intention of our visit here is to
strengthen our familial relationship,” said Datuk Limbatang.

“What do you mean, Engku?” asked Kudun in confusion.

“That’s right, Engku! Isn’t our familial relationship good for all
this time?” repliedKaciak. Just like Kudun, Kaciak was also
amazed and confused.

Seeing his two nephews were dumbfounded, Datuk Limbatang

instantly gave an explanation.

“It’s correct, sons. Our relationship has always been good.

However, to make it even better, we intend to marry Giran with
your youngest sibling, Siti Rasani,” Datuk Limbatang explained.

Shortly thereafter, he continued, “Maybe, there are many people

in our village who have asked Siti Rasani to be their daughter-in-
law, but Giran and Siti Rasani are a match made in heaven; it’s
like going back to their roots; like a duck takes to water; and as
you see, it is bound to happen as they will finally meet their fate.

The Nine Bachelors looked at one another. They could not even
saya word as they were lost in their own mind.

“Err, look, Engku,” said Malintang suddenly.

23
“Basically, we also feel the same way as you do, Engku. We will
be glad if Giran gets married to our sister. Giran is a good and
hard-working young man,” said Kudun.

“That’s right, Engku. All the pursuit made by Giran’s won’t be in

vain. Siti Rasani is not a stranger. The entire clan and family will
also be lucky,” Bayang interrupted.

“No!”

All of a sudden, Kukuban’s voice was heard, loudly snapped. The

teeth of Nine Bachelors’ firstborn were creaking. His face was
burning, his hands were repeatedly clenched.

But, shortly after those words came out of Kudun’s lips, Kukuban
suddenly screamed very loudly.

“No! I disagree!” Kukuban suddenly screamed all at once. “Giran

is a conceited, impolite, and insolent young man. He does not
deserve to be Sani’s husband,” he continued.

“Is what you said true, son? Is there any Giran’s word or action
that might have offended you?” Datuk Limbatang asked calmly.

“Yes, there is, Engku! Do you still remember about the incident
happening a few years ago? Giran broke my left leg. It still leaves
a scar here,” replied Kukuban curtly, as he rolled up his trousers
for the scar of his broken leg to see.

24
“Oh, that?” Datuk Limbatang responded with a smile. “Isn’t the
matter about sprained or broken legs, and the problem of losing or
winning in a match, a common occurrence?” Datuk Limbatang
asked back.

“But Engku! Giran has humiliated me in public,” told Kukuban.

“I don’t think Giran had the intention to humiliate you, son,”

Datuk Limbatang tried to explain.

“Ah, that’s what you say, because you wish to come to the
defense of your son! Where is your fairness as the customary
leader?” Kukuban argued as he tossed his hands to the floor.

Everybody in the meeting was silent. Kukuban’s other eight

siblings did not dare to speak. The atmosphere became quiet and
intense. Datuk Limbatang was the only one who remained calm.

“I’m sorry, son! I didn’t wish to defend anyone. I’m just telling
the truth. Justice shall be based on the truth,” told Datuk
Limbatang.

“What other kinds of truth that you meant? Wasn’t it Giran who
clearly had brought me into disgrace in public?

“You should know it, son! According to witnesses of the incident,

it was you who actually attacked Giran. Due to your hard kick,
Giran was cornered and eventually fended off using both of his
hands, and that fend-off eventually broke your leg. Do you think

25
defending oneself from attack is fraudulent and wrong?” asked
Datuk Limbatang after giving an explanation.

“Whatever, Engku, if you want to defend your own son. But, Sani
is our sister. I will never marry Sani with your son, Engku,” told
Kukuban harshly.

“Alright, son! Giran is indeed my son, but I do not want to blindly

defend him. In my opinion, Giran did nothing wrong, Kukuban.
He just fended off your kick. After all, Giran had apologized to
you.” Datuk Limbatang tried to explain it to Kukuban.

“No way! Just no. I will never give my permission to allow Siti
Rasani to get married with Giran.”

“Fine, son! Nor will I force you to. But, we hope that one day,
this decision can be changed,” said Datuk Limbatang, as he and
his wife said goodbye to them

26
The Meeting that Spells Disasters

Despite his disappointment, Datuk Limbatang still respected the

decision of the Nine Bachelors. No matter what, Siti Rasani was
their youngest sister, but Kukuban’s refusal of Giran’s marriage
proposalwas still open for deliberation.

The deliberation was held twice. The first one was attended by
Datuk Limbatang. As an uncle, he should be fair in giving
guidance tohis son, nephews, niece, and family. Nevetheless, he
still needed to respect the decision of his nephews, by not
imposing his will on them. For the second deliberation, Datuk
Limbatang was not in attendance. He entirely handed the
matterover the nine elder brothers of Siti Rasani. Datuk
Limbatang would accept the decision made in the deliberation.
Whatever the decision was, Datuk Limbatang would accept it. He
did such thing because Giran was his biological child.

Siti Rasani heard the entire discusion between her brothers and
Datuk Limbatang. She was deeply disappointed at the decision of
his eldest brother. Eight of the Nine Bachelors agreed to take
Giran as Siti Rasani’s husband, but Kukuban apparently had dug
his heels in. He was against the idea that Giran should become
Siti Rasani’s spouse. The reason wasconsiderably convincing,
Giran hadinflicted injury to Kukuban.

27
A fight almost broke out between them. But, their mother once
told the Nine Bachelors to always remain in harmony and peace,
and take care ofSiti Rasani. The decision was then taken. Their
mother’ message served as a touchstone for the decision. As there
was one person who took a stance against it, then everyone made
an agreement not to accept Giran as Siti Rasani’s husband.

From then on,her brothers closely watched over Siti Rasani.

Shewas not allowed to see Giran ever again.

Of course,it saddened Siti Rasani, her heart was wounded, and

she felt tormented. Siti Rasani was no longer excused to come to
Datuk Limbatang’s house, eventhough she was raised in that
house.

Following that incident, Siti Rasani appeared to look gloomy all

the time. She spent her days on reverie, and so did Giran. They
were trying to find a way out. Siti Rasani and Giran finally agreed
to discuss the problem they endured on a field by the river where
they previously met.

“What should we do now?” Giran asked.

“I have no idea. I do not know what to do as well. All decisions in

my family are in the hands of my brother Kukuban,but he terrible
despises and holds grudges against you,” said repliedSiti Rasani
with a sigh.

28
29
Some time had passedsince they began engaging in discussion,
yet no way out was found. With chaotic state of mind, Siti Rasani
stood up from the place she sat on.All of a sudden,a piece of
thorny twig got stuck in her sarong.

“Ouch, my sarong is ripped!” Siti Rasani shouted in shock.

“Well, it looks like your foot is scratched by thorns. Sit down, I

will treat your wound,” Giran said.

Giran instantly looked for medicinal leaves in the vicinity to

dispense them and cleaned the blood coming out of Siti Rasani’s
foot and treated her wound. What followed was ‘streak of bad
luck and string of bad luck’. At that moment, dozens of people
came out from behind the trees and immediately besieged them.
They were the Nine Bachelors and several villagers.

“Hey, here you are!” Kukuban shouted.

Giran and Siti Rasani were clueless about what to do. Both of
them were completely unaware that there were dozens of people
secretly watching over them.

“Get them! We shall bring them before the customary assembly!”

Kukuban instructed.

“Have some mercy, please! We did not do anything. I was only

treating Sani’s thorn-inflicted wound” Giran pleaded.

30
“You are lying! I saw it myself that you were rubbing my sister’s
legs! Kukuban snarled.

“That’s right! You two have committed illicit deeds. Both of you
shall be brought before the customary assembly for trial,”
continued one villager.

Every problem about children, nephews & nieces that was related
to the village lives would be discussed by customary leaders.
Typically, the headman or clan leader together with clerical
scholars, pundits, and village’s government officials would
conduct deliberation in customary hall.

In the village’s customary meeting, the customary hall is called

balerong. In thatbalerong, all the problems are discussed to
enforce the rules.

Balerong di tanah Minang: tampek duduak nak samorandah,

tampek tagak nak samo tinggi, tampek duduakbajalan baiyo,
tampek tagak bakato bamulo, tampekmancari bana nan saukua,
nak tibo kato di mufakat,tampek mahukum nak samo adia, tampek
mambagi naksamo banyak.

The outcome of deliberation and consensus is used as a guideline

in organizing the community lives. All of which is certainly
referring to the basis of adat basandi syarak, syarak basandi
kitabullah.

31
Ultimately, Giran and Siti Rasani were led to the village to appear
before the customary assembly. Kukuban and several villagers
testified that they saw the illicit deed committed by Giran and Siti
Rasani with their very own eyes.

32
“I saw it for myself. These two were getting all hanky-panky in
the hut,” told one of them.

“That’s correct, I also saw that Giran groped Siti Rasani’s legs
before my very eyes,” added another person.

“It’s true. It’s true,” other peopleshouted.

Giran and Siti Rasani’s explanation fell on deaf ears. In fact, they
even ignored Datuk Limbatang’s defense as they had reached an
agreement.

“As you know it, my brothers and sisters, Giran and Siti Rasani
are proven to have broken the customary law. They were alone in
that hut, and therefore they must have committed indecent acts”
the meeting leader spoke. He was already under the influence of
Kukuban.

Besides being an embarrassment, the act committed by Siti

Rasani and Giran could place a jinx on the whole village. To
avoid the catastrophe from happening to our village, we therefore
must throw both of them into the crater of Mount Tinjau,” he
carried on.

Despite being backed up by Datuk Limbatang’s defense, the

deliberation had arrived to a conclusion that Siti Rasani and Giran
were found guilty. Besides being an embarrassment, the act
committed by Siti Rasani and Giran could also bring bad luck. To

33
avoid the catastrophe from happening to the village, both of them
therefore must be thrown into the crater of Mount Tinjau. The
decision was then announced to every village corner around
Mount Tinjau.

“Isn’t Giran the son of Datuk Limbatang?” one of the villagers

asked.

“Yes, he is, but isn’t Siti Rasani the sister of the Nine Bachelors,
why are they being punished so hard?” asked another villager.

That day had finally come. Giran and Sani were paraded towards
the peak of Mount Tinjau. Their hands were tied behind their
backs; and they were blindfolded with a black cloth.

34
Lake Maninjau

Kamanakan barajo ka mamak, mamak barajo ka panghulu,

panghulu barajo ka mufakat, mufakat barajo ka nan bana, bana
manuruik alua jo patuik.

The proverb reveals the governmental structure based on custom.

Nephews/ nieces and uncles are all included in the customary law
of the village. However, the one upheld the supreme power is the
truthfulness, done according to the regulatory and propriety.

The decision had been made. The Nine Bachelors and the whole
community thought they were the ones with the truth. Although
Datuk Limbatang, as the uncle and customary leader of the clan,
had tried to straighten out the misunderstanding, the community
remained firm on their opinion that Giran and Siti Rasani were
guilty.

The sun had set. An eerie atmosphere enfolded the foot of the
mount. The villagers lit torches and flocked down the
mountainside. Once they arrived at the mouth of the crater, the
situation immediately turned into silence and stillness. There was
only the sound of the ravens which was heard now and then,
accompanied by the roar from inside of the crater.

In a heavy voice, Kukuban said, “Kudun, grab the black cloth,

close their eyes!”

35
Kudun swiftly grabbed the black cloth from Balok’s hands. He
blindfolded his sister and Giran with that cloth.

The moment went back to silence. The Nine Bachelors were seen
whispering to discuss something. At the meantime, Datuk
Limbatang stood limply in a crowd of his clans. He was helpless.

“Sani, Giran, you two are given a chance to say something,”

Kukuban said rigidly.

“Open my blindfold. I should not be blindfolded. We are not

guilty.” Siti Rasani expressed her wish loudly.

“Oh, my brothers and sisters; know it! We truthfully did not

commit any illicit deed,” told Giran. He raised both of his handsto
heaven as he prayed, “Dear God! Please hear and grant our
prayers. If we truly are guilty, destroy our bodies in the crater of
this mount; instead if we are not, blow this mountain and curse
the Nine Bachelors into fish!”

Giran’s plea was granted. Mount Tinjau was shaken abruptly,

followed by eruption. The explosion was so huge that the body of
the mount was shot into the sky, and then crashed back to the
earth, forming a range of hills in Luak Agam. Hot lava spurted
from the inside of the crater and destroyed everything.

36
Nobody survived. The foot of Mount Tinjau then turned into hills,
forming a circle. As time went by, the hill circle was filled with
water and became a lake, Lake Maninjau.

By God Almighty, the Nine Bachelors were cursed into fish; the
name was rayo fish. They were five fathoms long, blue-backed,
and red-chested. They had a pair of flopped tentacles. The nine
rayo fish inhabited Lake Maninjau. They were in charge of
keeping Lake Maninjau from damage.

In the meantime, the supporters of the Nine Bachelors were

cursed into rinuak fish. Their shape was small, like anchovies.
The word on the street was that rinuak fish breed well in Lake
Maninjau. To this day, rinuak fish becomesthe subsistence of
Tanjungraya community and its surroundings.

Lake Maninjau is estimated to have a total area of 284 square

km, consisting of land (148.5 square km), waters (99.5 square
km), and fire absorption (measured about 2-5 square km).

The shape of Lake Maninjau bears resemblances to a large

cauldron filled with water. Sloping hills are found around the
lake. Large trees grow prolifically on the slopes. The area
becomes a buffer and water catchment area of Lake Maninjau.

37
38
In the Dutch colonial era, Lake Maninjau area served as a tourist
area. The Dutch Government (based in Bukittinggi) then built a
winding road through the steep hills.Rumor has it that the road is
composed of 44 road curves, making the area popular by the
name Kelok Ampekpuluah Ampek.

Besides being a tourist destination, Lake Maninjau is also made

as a pilot project for environmental conservation efforts. The
community is strictly forbidden to destroy the forest. In fact, the
people in the hills are instructed to plant trees. That is why many
clove, coffee, nutmeg, cinnamon, and durian plants grow in the
area of Lake Maninjau. In 1982, the northern and southern areas
of Maninjau were designated as a nature reserve area, and then in
1991, Lake Maninjau was reassigned as a natural tourist
destination. The government conducted the provision related to
the declaration of “Visit Indonesia 1991”.

In 1997, when the economic crisis hit Indonesia, the number of

Lake Maninjau’s visitors dropped significantly. The declining
number of visitors led to poor maintenance of Lake Maninjau. In
addition to being turbid, the water Lake Maninjau was also
receding. The fish (such as bada, rinuak, gariang, barau, kalian
panjang, cideh-cideh, kailan gadih, todak, supareh, asang, and
pensi) died in large quantities. In fact, some of them have gone
extinct.

39
The surrounding community refers to death of the fish in Lake
Maninjau as tubo. The community believes that death of the fish
in Lake Maninjau is caused by the ascending sulfur from the
lakebeds. Tubo is commonly characterized by the emergence of
darek (strong wind), followed by the smell of sulfur. It is not
uncommon if heavy rains accompany the arrival of tubo.

During tubo, the community (young and old, male and female) go
to the shore of the lake and have a great fun catching the fish. The
fish are easy to catch as they become intoxicated with sulfur. For
the community, tubo is a gift from God.

40
 The Author

Nama : Agus Sri Danardana

Pos-el : [email protected]
Bidang Keahlian : Bahasa dan Sastra

Riwayat pekerjaan/profesi (10 tahun terakhir)

1. 1988: Bekerja di Pusat Bahasa Jakarta sebagai peneliti
2. 2004—2009: Kepala Kantor Bahasa Provinsi Lampung
3. 2016—sekarang: Kepala Balai Bahasa Provinsi Sumatra Barat

Riwayat Pendidikan Tinggi dan Tahun Belajar

1. S-1: Fakultas Sastra, Universitas Gadjah Mada (1978—1985)
2. S-2: Fakultas Ilmu Budaya, Universitas Indonesia (2003)

41
Judul Buku dan Tahun Terbit (10 Tahun Terakhir)
1. Kepahlawanan Trunajaya (cerita anak, Pusat Bahasa,
1992/Balai Pustaka, 2001)
2. Damak dan Jalak (cerita anak, Pusat Bahasa, 1993)
3. Genuh dan Regena (cerita anak, PT Amanah Putra Nusantara,
1995)
4. Asal-Usul Kota Pati (cerita anak, Pusat Bahasa, 1994)
5. Asal-Usul Keluarga Pulosari (cerita anak, Pusat Bahasa,
1995)
6. Rusak Sasak (cerita anak, Yogyakarta: Hafamira, 1996)
7. Petualangan Cucu Wangkang (cerita anak, Pusat Bahasa,
1998)
8. Putri Kelabang (cerita anak, Bakti Aksara, 2000)

Informasi Lain
Lahir di Sragen, 23 Oktober 1959

42
 The Editor

Nama : Sulastri
Pos-el : [email protected]
Bidang Keahlian : Penyuntingan

Riwayat Pekerjaan
Staf Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa, Kementerian
Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan (2005—Sekarang)

Riwayat Pendidikan
S-1 di Fakultas Sastra, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung

Informasi Lain
Aktivitas penyuntingan yang pernah diikuti selama sepuluh tahun
terakhir, antara lain penyuntingan naskah pedoman, peraturan
kerja, dan notula sidang pilkada.

43