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    AVR's

    Uploaded by

    Meghanath Adkonkar
    The document discusses how automatic voltage regulators (AVRs) work to maintain consistent voltage levels in generators. It explains that AVRs use elements like carbon piles and potential transformers to detect voltage variations and control coils and exciter fields to adjust the field excitation current accordingly. Modern AVRs use a zener diode bridge as a voltage reference and a silicon controlled rectifier to vary the field excitation current automatically in response to voltage changes. The goal of an AVR is to regulate the generator's terminal voltage under varying load conditions.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    AVR's

    Uploaded by

    Meghanath Adkonkar
    122 views3 pages
    The document discusses how automatic voltage regulators (AVRs) work to maintain consistent voltage levels in generators. It explains that AVRs use elements like carbon piles and potential transformers to detect voltage variations and control coils and exciter fields to adjust the field excitation current accordingly. Modern AVRs use a zener diode bridge as a voltage reference and a silicon controlled rectifier to vary the field excitation current automatically in response to voltage changes. The goal of an AVR is to regulate the generator's terminal voltage under varying load conditions.

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    AVR

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    The document discusses how automatic voltage regulators (AVRs) work to maintain consistent voltage levels in generators. It explains that AVRs use elements like carbon piles and potential transformers to detect voltage variations and control coils and exciter fields to adjust the field excitation current accordingly. Modern AVRs use a zener diode bridge as a voltage reference and a silicon controlled rectifier to vary the field excitation current automatically in response to voltage changes. The goal of an AVR is to regulate the generator's terminal voltage under varying load conditions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    122 views3 pages

    AVR's

    Uploaded by

    Meghanath Adkonkar
    The document discusses how automatic voltage regulators (AVRs) work to maintain consistent voltage levels in generators. It explains that AVRs use elements like carbon piles and potential transformers to detect voltage variations and control coils and exciter fields to adjust the field excitation current accordingly. Modern AVRs use a zener diode bridge as a voltage reference and a silicon controlled rectifier to vary the field excitation current automatically in response to voltage changes. The goal of an AVR is to regulate the generator's terminal voltage under varying load conditions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    of 3

    AVR's

    R1-Sets volts value


    R2-Trimming resistor (Power factor correction)
    R3-Trimmer
    Carbon pile-Control resistance for AVR
    Operating coil-Along with carbon pile form the controlling elements
    CCT and PT-Are the detecting elements, the CCT acts as a feed forward device
    indicating future voltage changes by detecting variation in current flow
    Stabilising element-Is the capacitor across the Exciter (may be replaced by a
    resistor)

    The A.C. voltage is applied to the operating coil through a full wave
    rectifier. This A.C. voltage supply induced in the potential transformer and the
    circulating current transformer may vary under varying load conditions such as
    direct on line starting of relatively large motors. The capacitor connected
    across the coil smoothes the D.C. output from the rectifier.

    If the A.C. applied voltage falls, the field of the solenoid weakens,
    and the resistance of the carbon pile decreases. With less exciter circuit
    resistance the current in the exciter field increases thus increasing the output
    voltage of the A.C. generator.

    The automatic voltage regulator voltage output may be adjusted


    with the hand regulator R1 in the exciter field. Before synchronising the
    alternator the open circuit voltage is adjusted with the hand regulator R1.
    After synchronising, and after the kW loading has been adjusted on
    the prime mover governor, the field excitation under steady load conditions
    may be adjusted using the Trimming resistor R2. Using the trimming resistor
    the power factor of the incoming machine will be equalised with the machines
    already in use.

    If the load power factor now changes then the terminal voltage will
    regulate badly, e.g. a rise from 0.8 to Unity Power factor will cause a rise in
    terminal voltage of about 20 %. So a small Voltage Trimmer R3 is provided
    across each current transformer to adjust terminal voltage when there is a
    change in overall power factor

    Modern A.V.R. (Zener Bridge)

    Voltage across the Zener diodes remains almost constant


    independent of current variations. Smoothed D.C. output is applied to the
    voltage reference bridge. This bridge is balanced at the correct generator
    voltage output with no potential difference between 'A' and 'B'.

    If the generator voltage fails, current through the bridge arms falls
    and current flows from 'A' to 'B' through the amplifier.

    If the generator voltage falls, current through the bridge arms falls
    and current flows from 'B' to 'A' through the amplifier.

    If the generator voltage rises, Current through the bridge arms


    rises with current flow from 'A' to 'B' through the amplifier.

    The signal from the amplifier will automatically vary the field
    excitation current, usually through a silicon controlled rectifier ( Thyristor)
    control element.
    The Silicon Controlled Rectifier (Thyristor) is a four layer, three
    terminal, solid state device with the ability to block the flow of current, even
    when forward biased, until the gate signal is applied. This gate signal could
    come from a Zener diode Voltage reference bridge. The gate signal will switch
    on the forward biased S.C.R. and current flows through the exciter field. When
    reverse biased the S.C.R. will again block current flow. Due to inductance of
    the field winding the S.C.R. would continue to pass current for a part of the
    negative cycle. By fitting a 'free wheeling' diode the current though the
    Thyristor falls quickly at the end of the positive cycle. In some circuits the
    excitation current is designed to be excess of requirements, so that the gate
    signal reduces flow.

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