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    Electrical Machines 1 MODULE

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    Vergara Crystal
    An electrical machine can convert either mechanical energy to electrical energy or vice versa. They are broadly divided into generators, motors, and transformers. Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction states that an emf is induced in a conductor whenever the magnetic flux through the conductor changes. The commutator and armature winding are important components that allow current to be collected from the armature and transferred to the brushes. The induced voltage in a DC machine depends on the conductor length, magnetic field strength, and relative motion between the conductor and magnetic field according to Faraday's law.

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    Electrical Machines 1 MODULE

    Uploaded by

    Vergara Crystal
    62 views5 pages
    An electrical machine can convert either mechanical energy to electrical energy or vice versa. They are broadly divided into generators, motors, and transformers. Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction states that an emf is induced in a conductor whenever the magnetic flux through the conductor changes. The commutator and armature winding are important components that allow current to be collected from the armature and transferred to the brushes. The induced voltage in a DC machine depends on the conductor length, magnetic field strength, and relative motion between the conductor and magnetic field according to Faraday's law.

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    An electrical machine can convert either mechanical energy to electrical energy or vice versa. They are broadly divided into generators, motors, and transformers. Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction states that an emf is induced in a conductor whenever the magnetic flux through the conductor changes. The commutator and armature winding are important components that allow current to be collected from the armature and transferred to the brushes. The induced voltage in a DC machine depends on the conductor length, magnetic field strength, and relative motion between the conductor and magnetic field according to Faraday's law.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    62 views5 pages

    Electrical Machines 1 MODULE

    Uploaded by

    Vergara Crystal
    An electrical machine can convert either mechanical energy to electrical energy or vice versa. They are broadly divided into generators, motors, and transformers. Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction states that an emf is induced in a conductor whenever the magnetic flux through the conductor changes. The commutator and armature winding are important components that allow current to be collected from the armature and transferred to the brushes. The induced voltage in a DC machine depends on the conductor length, magnetic field strength, and relative motion between the conductor and magnetic field according to Faraday's law.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 5

    Electrical Machines 1

    Part 1
    DC Machines Fundamentals

    What is an Electrical Machine?

    It is a device that can convert either mechanical energy to electrical energy or electrical energy
    to mechanical energy.

    Can be broadly divided into three categories:

     Generator

     Motor

     Transformer

    Magnetic Field

    The region around a magnet where its poles exhibit a force of attraction or repulsion.

    Important properties of Magnetic Line of Force

     The direction of magnetic lines of force is from N-pole to the S-pole outside the magnet. But
    inside the magnet their direction is from S-pole to N-pole.

     They form a closed loop.

     Their tendency is to follow the least reluctance path.

     They act like stretched cords, always trying to shorten themselves.

     They never intersect each other.

     They repel each other when they are parallel and are in the same direction.

     They remain unaffected by non-magnetic materials.


    Faraday’s Law of Electromagnetic Induction

    “Whenever a changing magnetic flux acts on a conductor, an emf is induced and this
    emf is proportional to the rate of change of flux”

    1. Conductor

    2. Magnetic Field

    3. Relative motion between conductor

    and magnetic field


    Commutation and Armature Construction

    The commutator collects current from armature winding and transfers it to the brushes

    The rotor coil is the rotating armature of a motor or generator

    Stator is the stationary part of the machine.

    Brushes are connected against the commutator surface.

    Armature Winding

    Note:

    a turn consist of two conductors connected to one end by an end connector

    a coil is formed by connecting several turns in series

    a winding is formed by connecting several coils in series

    Two basic sequence of armature winding connections:

    1. Lap windings. “the number of parallel paths is always equal to the number of poles and also to the
    number of brushes”

    a=mp where: a=armature current path

    m=multiplicity factor

    (simplex winding, duplex winding etc)

    P=number of poles
    2. Wave windings. “the number of parallel paths is always two and there may be two or more brush
    positions”

    a=2 m where: a=armature current path

    m=multiplicity factor

    (𝑠𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒𝑥 𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔, 𝑑𝑢𝑝𝑙𝑒𝑥 𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑒𝑡𝑐)

    Induced Voltage in DC Machines

    Faraday’s Law: To produce emf, you need

    1. Conductor

    2. Magnetic Field

    3. Relative motion between conductor and magnetic field

    e ind =vBl sin θ

    where: e ind =voltage induced∈one conductor

    v=velocity of the conductor , ( ms )


    B=magnetic flux density (T )

    l=length of the conductor( m)

    A conductor moving with a velocity of 5.0 m/s to the right in the presence of a magnetic field. The flux
    density is 0.5 T into the page, and the wire is 1.0 m in length, oriented as shown. What are the
    magnitude and polarity of the resulting induced voltage?

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