Feature Guide: XG (S) - PON (XG-PON and XGS-PON)

XG(S)-PON (XG-PON and XGS-PON)
Feature Guide
Issue 05
Date 2019-06-03
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

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Issue 05 (2019-06-03) Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. i

Feature Guide Contents
Contents
1 About This Document.................................................................................................................. 1

2 Technology Evolution...................................................................................................................3
3 Introduction.................................................................................................................................... 5
4 Network Structure......................................................................................................................... 7
5 Working Principle......................................................................................................................... 8
5.1 Basic Concepts............................................................................................................................................................... 8
5.2 System Transmit Principles............................................................................................................................................ 9
5.3 Working Principles of Downstream..............................................................................................................................10
5.4 Working Principle of Upstream.................................................................................................................................... 11
6 Key Technologies........................................................................................................................ 12
6.1 Ranging.........................................................................................................................................................................12
6.2 Burst Optical/Electrical Technology.............................................................................................................................13
6.3 DBA..............................................................................................................................................................................14
6.4 FEC............................................................................................................................................................................... 15
7 Security Technologies.................................................................................................................17
7.1 Line Encryption............................................................................................................................................................ 17
7.2 ONU Authentication.....................................................................................................................................................18
7.3 Continuous-Mode ONU Detection............................................................................................................................... 20
8 Evolution From GPON to XG(S)-PON.................................................................................... 22

8.1 Network Evolution Overview.......................................................................................................................................22
8.2 Evolution Solution - Using XG(S)-PON Combo......................................................................................................... 24
8.2.1 What Is XG(S)-PON Combo?................................................................................................................................... 24
8.2.2 XG(S)-PON Combo Work Principle......................................................................................................................... 24
8.2.3 XG(S)-PON Combo Evolution Solution................................................................................................................... 25
8.3 Evolution Solution - Using Flex-PON..........................................................................................................................26
8.3.1 What Is Flex-PON?................................................................................................................................................... 27
8.3.2 Evolution Solution Overview.................................................................................................................................... 28
8.3.3 GPON Evolution to XG-PON................................................................................................................................... 30
8.3.4 GPON Evolution to XGS-PON................................................................................................................................. 32
8.3.5 GPON Evolution to XG-PON Combo.......................................................................................................................34
Issue 05 (2019-06-03) Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. ii

Feature Guide Contents
8.3.6 GPON Evolution to XGS-PON Combo.................................................................................................................... 36
9 Configuration Guide...................................................................................................................39
9.1 Configuring a Service Board........................................................................................................................................ 39
9.2 Configuring the Port Attributes.................................................................................................................................... 40
9.3 XG(S)-PON Combo Configuration Guide................................................................................................................... 40
9.4 Flex-PON Configuration Guide....................................................................................................................................42
10 Reference Standards and Protocols........................................................................................44
Issue 05 (2019-06-03) Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. iii

Feature Guide 1 About This Document
1 About This Document
Introduction
This document describes the benefits, basic concepts, application scenarios, implementation
principles, and evolution solutions of the XG(S)-PON (XG(S)-PON that evolves from the
GPON technology, including the XG-PON and XGS-PON technologies).
NOTE
This document does not provide the feature specifications of a specific product version. To view the
feature specifications of a specific product version, use the online tool <Feature Spec Finder>.
Intended Audience
This document is intended for network planning personnel. The operator must have the
following experience and skills:
l Be familiar with the networking of the current network and related device information.
l Have experience in maintaining the device and be familiar with the operation and
maintenance (O&M) mode of the device.
l It has a certain foundation for the GPON technology.
Symbol Conventions
The symbols that may be found in this document are defined as follows.
Symbol Description
Indicates an imminently hazardous situation which, if

not avoided, will result in death or serious injury.
Indicates a potentially hazardous situation which, if not

avoided, could result in death or serious injury.

avoided, may result in minor or moderate injury.
Issue 05 (2019-06-03) Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 1

Feature Guide 1 About This Document
Symbol Description

avoided, could result in equipment damage, data loss,
performance deterioration, or unanticipated results.
NOTICE is used to address practices not related to
personal injury.
Calls attention to important information, best practices

and tips.
NOTE is used to address information not related to
personal injury, equipment damage, and environment
deterioration.
Change History
Issue Date Description
05 2019-06-03 Added: 8.3 Evolution Solution - Using Flex-

PON
Optimized: 8.2 Evolution Solution - Using
XG(S)-PON Combo
04 2018-10-30 Added: Network Evolution.
03 2017-06-20 The structure and content of the document are

optimized.
02 2015-06-10 Added: ONU Authentication.
01 2019-06-03 This is the first release.

Feature Guide 2 Technology Evolution
2 Technology Evolution
GPON Technology Evolution

Figure 2-1 shows GPON technology evolution roadmap.
Figure 2-1 GPON Technology Evolution Roadmap
l XG-PON, 10-Gigabit-capable passive optical network, provides asymmetric 10G

transmission (Maximum downstream line rate: 9.953 Gbit/s, Maximum upstream line
rate: 2.488 Gbit/s ).
l XGS-PON, 10-Gigabit-capable symmetric passive optical network, provides symmetric
10G transmission (Maximum downstream line rate: 9.953 Gbit/s, Maximum upstream
line rate: 9.953 Gbit/s ).
NOTE
XG-PON and XGS-PON belong to the XG(S)-PON technology. Therefore, this document describes them as
XG(S)-PON. However, this document describes them specifically for their differences.
Here only describes the technical evolution of the GPON, does not represent the current support capabilities
of the product, the product capabilities please refer to the specific specifications.
Standard Formulation Progress

Figure 2-2 shows XG(S)-PON standard formulation progress.

Feature Guide 2 Technology Evolution
Figure 2-2 XG(S)-PON Standard Formulation Progress
In 2004, International Telecommunication Union-Telecommunication Standardization Sector

(ITU-T) Q2 started to research and analyze the possibility of evolving GPON to XG-PON.
l In September 2007, Q2 officially released the enhanced wavelength plan to standardize
the coexistence of GPON and XG-PON.
l In November 2007, Q2 confirmed the XG-PON standardization roadmap. With the goal
of achieving low cost, high capacity, wide coverage, full service, and high
communication capability, Q2 sped up the researching and finalizing of the XG-PON
standard.
l In October 2009, Q2 officially released the phase 1 text for the XG-PON standard during
the SG15 plenary meeting. The text contained overall requirements for XG-PON (G.
987.1) and physical-layer physical media dependent (PMD) standard (G.987.2).
l In June 2010, Q2 released the convergence-layer transmission convergence (TC)
standard (G.987.3) and the management-layer optical network terminal management and
control interface (OMCI) standard (G.988) for XG-PON.
l In June 2012, released the XG-PON Reach extension TC layer standard (ITU-T G.
987.4).
l In June 2016, released the 10-Gigabit-capable symmetric passive optical network (XGS-
PON) standard (G.9807.1).

Feature Guide 3 Introduction
3 Introduction
What Is XG(S)-PON?
XG(S)-PON is evolved from the existing GPON technology, the factors promoting the
technology evolution to XG(S)-PON are as follows:
l Developing services require higher bandwidths and the GPON technology cannot meet
bandwidth requirements.
l Innovative access technologies on the user side require higher bandwidths and the GPON
technology will face bandwidth bottlenecks.
l A greater split ratio and a longer transmission distance increase network construction
investments.
Specification Differences Between GPON, XG-PON and XGS-PON

The following table lists specification differences between the two technologies.
NOTE
Here only describes the technical specification of the GPON, XG-PON and XGS-PON, does not represent the
current support capabilities of the product, the product capabilities please refer to the specific specifications.
Specification GPON XG(S)-PON
XG-PON XGS-PON
Wavelength l Downstream: l Downstream: l Downstream:

1480-1500 nm 1575-1580 nm 1575-1580 nm
l Upstream: l Upstream: l Upstream:
1290-1330 nm 1260-1280 nm 1260-1280 nm
Center l Downstream: 1490 l Downstream: 1577 l Downstream: 1577

wavelength nm nm nm
l Upstream: 1310 l Upstream: 1270 l Upstream: 1270
nm nm nm
Maximum l Downstream: l Downstream: l Downstream:

Line Rate 2.488 Gbit/s 9.953 Gbit/s 9.953 Gbit/s
l Upstream: 1.244 l Upstream: 2.488 l Upstream: 9.953
Gbit/s Gbit/s Gbit/s

Feature Guide 3 Introduction
Specification GPON XG(S)-PON
XG-PON XGS-PON
Frame GEM XGEM XGEM

Structure

Feature Guide 4 Network Structure
4 Network Structure
Network Structure
A XG(S)-PON network is of the point-to-multipoint (P2MP) type, which is the same as that
of a GPON network. Figure 4-1 shows a XG(S)-PON network structure.
Figure 4-1 Network Structure
The XG(S)-PON network contains an optical line terminal (OLT), optical network units
(ONUs), and an optical distribution network (ODN).
l The Optical line terminal (OLT) is an aggregation device located at the central office
(CO) for terminating the PON protocol.
l Optical network units (ONUs) are located on the user side, providing various types of
ports for connecting to user terminals.
l The Optical distribution network (ODN) is composed of passive optical components
(POS) such as optical fibers, and one or more passive optical splitters. It interconnects
the OLT and ONUs.

Feature Guide 5 Working Principle
5 Working Principle
5.1 Basic Concepts

5.2 System Transmit Principles
5.3 Working Principles of Downstream
5.4 Working Principle of Upstream
5.1 Basic Concepts

Service Multiplexing
GEM ports and T-CONTs divide a PON network into virtual connections for service
multiplexing, as shown in Figure 5-1.
Figure 5-1 Working principles of service multiplexing

GEM Port
A GPON encapsulation mode (GEM) port is a virtual service channel that carries a service
flow between the OLT and an ONU in an 10G PON system. The GEM port is similar to the
virtual connection (identified by VPI/VCI) in asynchronous transfer mode (ATM). VPI is the
acronym for virtual path identifier and VCI is the acronym for virtual channel identifier.
l Each GEM port is identified by a unique XGEM port ID.
l The XGEM port ID is globally allocated according to the 10G PON port by the OLT.
l A GEM port can carry one or more types of services.
T-CONT
A transmission container (T-CONT) is the basic control unit of upstream service flows in an
10G PON system, and is also the unit for carrying service flows in the upstream direction. All
the GEM ports are mapped to T-CONTs, and the OLT uses dynamic bandwidth allocation
(DBA) to schedule upstream transmission.
l A T-CONT can carry one or more GEM ports according to user configurations.
l A T-CONT is identified uniquely by Alloc-ID.
l The Alloc-ID is allocated according to the 10G PON port by the OLT.
l An ONU supports multiple T-CONTs configured for various service types.
5.2 System Transmit Principles

System Transmit Principles
XG(S)-PON uses wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) to transmit data in different
wavelengths on an ODN network. Figure 5-2 shows the system transmit principles.
Figure 5-2 System Transmit Principles
l Data is broadcast in the downstream direction.

l Data is transmitted in the TDMA mode (based on timeslots) in the upstream direction.

5.3 Working Principles of Downstream

Working Principles for Downstream Transmission
Figure 5-3 shows the XG(S)-PON working principles for downstream transmission.
Figure 5-3 Working principles for downstream transmission
In the downstream direction, the OLT broadcasts data to all ONUs and the ONUs receive only
desired data.
Data flow forwarding in the downstream direction
Figure 5-4 Data flow forwarding in the downstream direction
l On the OLT, data flows are encapsulated into GEM ports in service processing units.
l The OLT broadcasts the data to in the GEM ports to all ONUs.
l The ONU determines whether to process or discard the data according to the XGEM port
ID.

5.4 Working Principle of Upstream

Working Principles for Upstream Transmission
Figure 5-5 shows the XG(S)-PON working principles for upstream transmission.
Figure 5-5 Working principles for upstream transmission
In the upstream direction, an ONU sends data to the OLT using an allocated timeslot. Such
transmission ensures that all ONUs send data in a permitted sequence, which prevents
upstream data collision.
Data flow forwarding in the upstream direction
Figure 5-6 Data flow forwarding in the upstream direction
l On the ONU, data flows are encapsulated into GEM ports and mapped to transmission
containers (T-CONTs).
l The ONU sends data flows to the OLT according to T-CONTs.
l The OLT decapsulates the data flows and sends them to service processing modules.

Feature Guide 6 Key Technologies
6 Key Technologies
6.1 Ranging
6.2 Burst Optical/Electrical Technology
6.3 DBA
6.4 FEC
6.1 Ranging
The logic reaches from optical network units (ONUs) to an optical line terminal (OLT) vary.
The round trip delays (RTDs) between an OLT and ONUs also vary depending on time and
environment. Therefore, collisions may occur when ONU sends data in TDMA mode (in this
mode, only one of the ONUs connecting to a PON port sends data at a moment), as shown in
Figure 6-1.
Figure 6-1 Cell transmission without ranging
To prevent the collisions, ranging is enabled when an ONU registers for the first time. The
OLT measures the RTD of each ONU in the ranging process and calculates the equalization
delay (EqD) of each ONU to ensure that the values of Teqd, which is equal to RTD plus EqD,
of all ONUs connected to the same PON port are the same. Therefore, the logic reaches from
ONUs to an OLT are the same, preventing collisions during upstream transmission.

Figure 6-2 Cell transmission with ranging
NOTE
In the ranging process, the OLT must open a window and pause upstream transmission channels of other
ONUs.
6.2 Burst Optical/Electrical Technology

In 10G PON upstream direction, Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) is used. An optical
network unit (ONU) transmits data only within the allocated timeslots. In the timeslots that
are not allocated to it, the ONU disables the transmission of its optical transceiver to prevent
other ONUs from being affected. The optical line terminal (OLT) then receives the upstream
data from each ONU in a burst manner based on timeslots. Therefore, to ensure normal
running of the 10G GPON system.
l Figure 6-3 shows the burst transmit function supported by ONU-side optical modules.
l Figure 6-4 shows the burst receive function supported by OLT-side optical modules.
Figure 6-3 Burst transmit function supported by ONU-side optical modules
Ranging can be implemented to prevent cells transmitted by different ONUs from conflicting
with each other on the OLT. However, the ranging accuracy is ± 1 bit and the cells transmitted
by different ONUs have a protection time of several bits (not a multiple of 1 bit). If the ONU-
side optical modules do not support the burst transmit function, the transmitted signals
overlap and distortion occurs.

Figure 6-4 Burst receive function supported by OLT-side optical modules
l The distance from each ONU to the OLT varies and therefore the optical signal
attenuation varies for each ONU. As a result, the power and level of packets received by
an OLT at different timeslots various.
l If the OLT-side optical modules do not support the burst receive function, the OLT may
restore incorrect signals because only the level greater than the threshold is considered
valid and the signals with the level lower than the threshold cannot be restored.
NOTE
In the XG(S)-PON system, all data is broadcast downstream to ONUs. The transmission requires OLT-side
optical modules to transmit optical signals continuously and ONU-side optical modules to receive optical
signals continuously. Therefore, these optical modules are not required to support the burst receive and
transmit function.
6.3 DBA
Working Principle
The OLT uses DBA to dynamically adjust the upstream bandwidth allocated to different
ONUs to address the burst traffic on the ONUs, meeting the ONU upstream bandwidth
requirements and improving the utilization of the PON upstream bandwidth.
Figure 6-5 shows the principles of DBA.

Figure 6-5 Principles of DBA
In the preceding figure,

l The DBA module in the OLT consistently collects DBA reports and uses the DBA
algorithm to calculate the upstream bandwidth allocated to each ONU.
l The OLT sends the calculated result to each ONU using a bandwidth (BW) map.
l Each ONU transmits burst upstream data using permitted timeslots defined in the BW
map.
Highlights and Applications

l Based on ONUs' burst upstream service traffic, the OLT dynamically allocates an
upstream bandwidth to each ONU in real time, improving upstream bandwidth
utilization on PON ports.
l More users are supported on a PON port.
l Higher service bandwidths with burst requirements are supported than those before DBA
is applied.
6.4 FEC
Context
Forward error correction (FEC) is mainly used for improving transmission quality of a line.
No ideal digital channel is available in practice. As a result, bit errors and jitter occur when
digital signals are being transmitted over any transmission medium, deteriorating transmission
quality on lines.
To resolve the problem, error correction mechanism is introduced.

l The mechanism can check and correct errors after data is transmitted to the peer end.
such as FEC.
l The mechanism can check errors after data is transmitted to the peer end but not correct
errors.

Highlight and Application

l Does not require retransmission and provides a high real-time performance
l Requires an additional bandwidth (Users must balance the transmission quality and
bandwidth.)
l Checks and corrects errors after data is transmitted to the peer end, but does not apply to
services for which retransmission is enabled
l Applies to data transmission on the network that has a poor quality
l Applies to services that have a low requirement on delay (The delay is large if
retransmission is configured for services.)

Feature Guide 7 Security Technologies
7 Security Technologies
7.1 Line Encryption

7.2 ONU Authentication
7.3 Continuous-Mode ONU Detection
7.1 Line Encryption

Context
Line encryption technologies are required to eliminate the data theft risk.
The XG(S)-PON supports line encryption in the upstream and downstream directions to
ensure two-way secure transmission of data messages.
Working Principle
Figure 7-1 shows line encryption technologies working principle.
Figure 7-1 Line encryption process
l The encryption algorithm to be used is the advanced encryption standard (AES).

l The XG(S)-PON systems use the AES-CTR encryption algorithm.

Highlight and Application

l The line encryption algorithms neither increase overhead nor decrease bandwidth usages.
l The line encryption algorithms will not prolong transmission delays.
l Enable line encryption if the usage scenarios promote high security requirements.
7.2 ONU Authentication
Context
In the PON system, downstream data is broadcast to all ONUs. As a result, downstream data
destined for certain ONUs or all ONUs may be intercepted by illegal users.
Figure 7-2 Authentication process
An optical line terminal (OLT) authenticates an optical network unit (ONU) based on the
authentication information reported by the ONU and rejects unauthorized ONUs. Only
authenticated ONUs can access a passive optical network (PON). This function enables
carriers to manage and maintain devices on the PON network flexibly and conveniently.
Authentication Process
Figure 7-3 shows the authentication process:

Figure 7-3 Authentication Process
The authentication process includes six states:

l O1: Initial state.
l O2-3: Serial Number state.
l O4: Ranging state.
l O5: Operation state.
l O6: Intermittent LODS state.
l O7: Emergency Stop state.
Authentication Mode
The XG(S)-PON ONU supports the following authentication modes for the XG(S)-PON OLT:
l Password, Password+LOID
l SN, SN+LOID
l SN+Password
l LOID+CHECKCODE

Configuring the XG(S)-PON ONU Authentication Mode

On XG(S)-PON ONU, you can run the following commands to configure the XG(S)-PON
ONU authentication mode:
l Run the password command to set the registration password of the current device that
functions as a PON ONU.
l Run the loid command to set the ONU registers with the OLT in LOID or
CHECKCODE authentication mode.
l Run the display pon sn command to query the SN of the ONU.
7.3 Continuous-Mode ONU Detection
Overview
PON networks use the P2MP(point-to-multipoint) network architecture. They use time
division multiple access (TDMA) in the upstream direction. ONUs must send optical signals
upstream at the timeslots allocated by the OLT to prevent data conflict.
The ONUs sending optical signals upstream not at the timeslots allocated by the OLT are
continuous-mode ONUs, also called rogue ONUs. A continuous-mode ONU continuously
sends optical signals.
A continuous-mode ONU adversely affects the system as follows:

l If this ONU has been online, some or all ONUs connected to the same PON port go
offline or frequently go offline and online.
l If this ONU has not been configured, other ONUs that have not been configured and
connected to the same PON port will not be discovered by the OLT.
Figure 7-4 Continuous-mode ONU

Continuous-Mode ONU Detection

Continuous-mode ONU detection, also called rogue ONU detection, is used for detecting
continuous-mode ONUs in the system and isolating them, ensuring proper system running. A
continuous-mode ONU detection process involves three stages, checking, detection, and
isolation.
The three stages are as follows:

l Checking: The OLT periodically checks whether a continuous-mode ONU connects to a
PON port. This checking cannot locate the continuous-mode ONU.
The OLT opens an empty gate in the upstream direction to detect ONU optical signals in
the upstream direction. If the OLT receives optical signals, it then goes to the detection
stage to locate the ONU.
l Detection: The OLT locates the continuous-mode ONU.
The OLT issues a command to ONUs to instruct the optical modules of the ONUs to
send optical signals upstream and checks whether optical signals can be received in the
upstream direction. If other ONUs go offline after an ONU sends optical signals, this
ONU is a continuous-mode ONU. In a detection process, the OLT checks all ONUs
connected to a PON port for detecting all continuous-mode ONUs.
l Isolation: The OLT issues a command to power off the continuous-mode ONU,
preventing this ONU from adversely affecting other ONUs connected to the same PON
port.
After an ONU is powered off by the OLT, the ONU cannot send optical signals upstream
even after being reset or power recycled. This ONU can send optical signals upstream
only after the OLT cancels the isolation.
NOTE
The OLT checks continuous-mode ONUs but does not detect or isolate them by default.
Limitations and Restrictions

l The OLT checks and analyzes the abnormality in the sending of upstream optical signal
over a PON line, identifies and isolates rogue ONUs of only non-malicious users. This
feature does not apply to the intentionally sabotaged ONU or sub-standard ONU.
l A continuous-mode ONU (rogue ONU) is required to parse and respond to downstream
PLOAM messages.
l When detecting a continuous-mode ONU, the OLT can quickly locate the continuous-
mode ONU only if this ONU supports Huawei proprietary messages in the upstream
direction.

Feature Guide 8 Evolution From GPON to XG(S)-PON
8 Evolution From GPON to XG(S)-PON
8.1 Network Evolution Overview

For the GPON network that has been deployed on the live network, XG(S)-PON can
smoothly evolve from the GPON network to the XG(S)-PON network.
8.2 Evolution Solution - Using XG(S)-PON Combo
This solution introduction smooth evolution from the GPON network to the XG(S)-PON
network by adding the XG(S)-PON Combo Service Board.
8.3 Evolution Solution - Using Flex-PON
8.1 Network Evolution Overview

For the GPON network that has been deployed on the live network, XG(S)-PON can
smoothly evolve from the GPON network to the XG(S)-PON network.
Why Is Smooth Evolution Required?

The smooth evolution from the GPON network to the XG(S)-PON network is mainly due to
the following reasons:
l With the development of services, the bandwidth requirement of users is gradually
increasing. In the short term, only some users need to be upgraded to the XG(S)-PON
network, and some users continue to use the GPON network.
l For a PON network that has been deployed on the live network of a carrier, it is costly to
directly cut over the GPON network to the XG(S)-PON network. The evolution from
GPON to XG(S)-PON must be completed through smooth evolution.
What are the conditions for smooth evolution from GPON to XG(S)-PON?
XG(S)-PON has the following features to support smooth evolution from a GPON network to
a XG(S)-PON network:
l The XG(S)-PON wavelength planning does not overlap the GPON wavelength planning.
Therefore, the GPON and XG(S)-PON share the ODN network in the wavelength
division multiplexing mode.
l The OLT platform supports coexistence of GPON service boards and XG(S)-PON
service boards.

l XG(S)-PON and GPON have the same service provisioning and service deployment
operations. They can share the NMS and service provisioning system.
No Wavelength Overlap Between GPON and XG(S)-PON

Figure 8-1 shows the wavelength distribution of GPON and XG(S)-PON.
Figure 8-1 The Wavelength Distribution of GPON and XG(S)-PON
XG(S)-PON Can Co-exists with GPON in the Same ODN

Figure 8-2 shows the GPON and XG(S)-PON can coexist in the same ODN with wavelength
division multiplexing (WDM) mode.
Figure 8-2 XG(S)-PON Can Co-exists with GPON in the Same ODN

NOTE
WDM: Wavelength-Division Multiplexing
8.2 Evolution Solution - Using XG(S)-PON Combo

8.2.1 What Is XG(S)-PON Combo?

The PON Combo supports two PON technologies through a combo port. One PON Combo
port supports multiple types of ONUs at the same time, implementing hybrid network
construction of GPON and XG(S)-PON and smooth evolution from GPON to XG(S)-PON.
Huawei PON Combo provides two types: XG-PON Combo and XGS-PON Combo.
l XG-PON Combo:
– XG-PON Combo means that GPON and XG-PON are integrated into one port
through Combo.
– The XG-PON Combo supports the access of GPON ONUs and XG-PON ONU.
l XGS-PON Combo:
– XGS-PON Combo means that GPON and XGS-PON are integrated into one port
through Combo.
– The XGS-PON Combo supports GPON ONU, XG-PON ONU, and XGS-PON
ONU.
NOTE
In this document, XG-PON Combo and XGS-PON Combo are short for XG(S)-PON Combo.
8.2.2 XG(S)-PON Combo Work Principle

Figure 8-3 shows the working principle of the XG(S)-PON combo service board.
Figure 8-3 Working Principle of the XG(S)-PON Combo Service Board

Working Principle:
l The XG(S)-PON combo board works with the XG(S)-PON combo optical module to
implement a combo port working in GPON mode and XG(S)-PON mode at the same
time.
l The XG(S)-PON combo optical module integrates the GPON optical module, XG(S)-
PON optical module, and WDM multiplexer to share ODN resources without adding an
external WDM multiplexer.
– In the upstream direction: After the upstream signal of the ONU enters the XG(S)-
PON combo port, the WDM determines whether the signal is a GPON signal or a
XG(S)-PON signal according to the wavelength, and then sends the signal to the
corresponding channel for processing.
– In the downstream direction: After the downstream signal is sent from the OLT
XG(S)-PON combo port, the GPON ONU and the XG(S)-PON ONU select the
wavelength through the internal wavelength filter to receive the signal.
8.2.3 XG(S)-PON Combo Evolution Solution

Before Evolution
Figure 8-4 shows the GPON FTTx network, the OLT uses the GPON service board to
connect to the GPON ONU before the evolution.
Figure 8-4 GPON FTTx Network
Evolution Solution
Figure 8-5 shows the smooth evolution from the GPON network to the XG(S)-PON network
by adding adding the XG(S)-PON Combo Service Board.

Figure 8-5 Evolution Solution
NOTE
XG(S)-PON is short for XG-PON and XGS-PON.
Operation Procedure
1. Add XG(S)-PON Combo service board.
NOTE
l If the OLT slot on the live network supports only 10 Gbit/s switching capacity and cannot meet the
forwarding requirements of XG(S)-PON service boards, replace the subrack.
l If the upstream port of the OLT supports only GE upstream bandwidth, it is recommended that you
replace the upstream port with 10GE upstream bandwidth or even larger bandwidth to prevent the
upstream port from becoming a bottleneck.
2. Migrate the backbone optical fiber of the GPON port to the XG(S)-PON combo port.
3. Add a XG(S)-PON ONU or replace a GPON ONU.
NOTE
l The XG-PON Combo optical module can be connected to GPON ONU and XG-PON ONU.
l The XGS-PON Combo optical module can be connected to GPON ONU, XG-PON ONU and
XGS-PON ONU.
4. After the GPON ONU is replaced with the XG(S)-PON ONU, the evolution is complete.
8.3 Evolution Solution - Using Flex-PON

8.3.1 What Is Flex-PON?

Flex-PON is a flexible PON solution developed by Huawei for GPON and XG(S)-PON. It
implements smooth network evolution through the integrated Flex-PON service board.
Multi-mode Integration
The ports of the Flex-PON service board can work in multiple modes , including:
l GPON
l XG-PON
l XGS-PON
l GPON&XG-PON Combo
l GPON&XGS-PON Combo
The port mode of the Flex-PON service board can be set as required. After the port mode is
set, the corresponding ONU can be connected to the optical module that matches the port
mode.
Smooth Evolution
The Flex-PON supports the evolution from the GPON network to the XG(S)-PON network.
l No board needs to be replaced. You only need to load the RTU (Right to Use, license)
and replace the optical module to realize the evolution from GPON to XG(S)-PON.
l The OSS needs to be integrated only once. After the evolution from the GPON network
to the XG(S)-PON network, no secondary integration is required.
l The ONT supports on-demand replacement.
Mapping between the Flex-PON port mode, RTU type, optical module type, and
ONU type
When formulating an evolution solution for the Flex-PON, ensure that the port mode is
supported by the RTU, optical module, and ONU. The following table lists the mapping
between the Flex-PON port mode and the RTU, optical module, and ONU type.
Table 8-1 Mapping Between the Port Mode and the RTU, Optical Module, and ONU
Port Mode RTU Type Optical Module ONU Type

Type
GPON No need GPON GPON ONU
XG-PON XG(S)PON RTU XG-PON XG-PON ONU
XGS-PON XG(S)PON RTU XGS-PON l XG-PON ONU

l XGS-PON ONU
XG-PON XG(S)PON RTU XG-PON Combo l GPON ONU

Combo l XG-PON ONU

Port Mode RTU Type Optical Module ONU Type

Type
XGS-PON XG(S)PON RTU XGS-PON Combo l GPON ONU

Combo l XG-PON ONU
l XGS-PON ONU
8.3.2 Evolution Solution Overview

Before Evolution
Figure 1 shows the GPON FTTx network, the OLT uses the Flex-PON service board to
connect to the GPON ONU before the evolution.
Figure 8-6 GPON FTTx Network
Evolution Solution
Figure 2 shows the smooth evolution from the GPON network to the XG(S)-PON network by
Flex-PON solution.

Figure 8-7 Evolution Solution
The evolution solution must be completed in five steps:

1. Loading RTU;
2. Configuring the Flex-PON port mode;
3. Replace the optical module;
4. Replacing or adding an ONU;
5. Configuring Services;
Opration Procedure
1. Load the RTU. Use the NMS to remotely load the RTU to the Flex-PON port.
l The Flex-PON port can work normally only when the corresponding RTU is loaded
(except for the GPON mode).
l The RTU can be loaded only through the NMS, this service scenario cannot be
performed without the NMS.
2. Set the Flex-PON port mode. On the OLT, run the port flex-mode { all | portid } { gpon
| xg-pon | xgs-pon | combo-pon { xg/g | xgs/g } [ auto | wdm ] }command to set the
port mode of the Flex-PON.

Parameter Parameter Description
all Sets the port mode of all ports on a flex-PON board.
portid Set the port mode of a Flex-PON port.
gpon Set the port mode of the Flex-PON port to GPON.
xg-pon Set the port mode of the Flex-PON port to XG-PON.
xgs-pon Set the port mode of the Flex-PON port to XGS-PON.
combo-pon Set the port mode of the Flex-PON port to Combo-PON. In

this case, you need to specify the Combo-PON type.
xg/g Set the port mode of the Flex-PON port to XG-

PON&GPON Combo-PON.
xgs/g Set the port mode of the Flex-PON port to XGS-

PON&GPON Combo-PON.
auto Set the multiplexing mode of a combo-PON port to auto.
wdm Set the multiplexing mode of a combo-PON port to WDM.
For example, set port 0 of the Flex-PON board to work in xgs/g combo mode and set the
multiplexing mode to WDM.
huawei(config-if-gpon-0/1)#port flex-mode
{ all<K>|portid<0,15> }:0
{ combo-pon<K>|gpon<K>|xg-pon<K>|xgs-pon<K> }:combo-pon
{ xg/g<K>|xgs/g<K> }:xgs/g
{ <cr>|auto<K>|wdm<K> }:wdm
3. Replace the GPON optical module with a Flex-PON optical module.
The optical module type must be the same as the port mode. Otherwise, the optical
module cannot work properly.
4. Add the XG(S)-PON ONU or replace the GPON ONU with the XG(S)-PON ONU.
5. Configure services. For details, see the Flex-PON Configuration Guide.
8.3.3 GPON Evolution to XG-PON

Evolution Solution
Figure 1 shows the smooth evolution from the GPON network to the XG-PON network by
Flex-PON solution.

Figure 8-8 GPON Evolution to XG-PON
Opration Procedure
1. Load the RTU. Use the NMS to remotely load the XG(S)PON RTU to the Flex-PON
port.
2. Set the Flex-PON port mode. On the OLT, set the Flex-PON port mode from gpon to xg-
pon.
For example, set port 0 of the Flex-PON board to the xg-pon mode.
{ all<K>|portid<0,15> }:0
{ combo-pon<K>|gpon<K>|xg-pon<K>|xgs-pon<K> }:xg-pon
If a GPON ONU already exists on the Flex-PON port, you need to delete the GPON
ONU and then switch the mode. Otherwise, the switching fails.
3. Replace the GPON optical module with a XG-PON optical module.

4. Add the XG-PON ONU or replace the GPON ONU with the XG-PON ONU.
NOTE
The XG-PON optical module can be connected to only the XG-PON ONU.
6. The evolution is complete.

Reference Information
After the XG-PON FTTx network evolution is complete, if you want to return to the GPON
FTTx network, perform the following steps:
1. Set the Flex-PON port mode. On the OLT, set the Flex-PON port mode from xg-pon to
gpon.
If a XG-PON ONU already exists on the Flex-PON port, you need to delete the XG-PON
2. Replace the XG-PON optical module with a GPON optical module.

3. Replace the XG-PON ONU with the GPON ONU.
NOTE
The GPON optical module can be connected to only the GPON ONU.
8.3.4 GPON Evolution to XGS-PON

Evolution Solution
Figure 1 shows the smooth evolution from the GPON network to the XGS-PON network by
Flex-PON solution.

Figure 8-9 GPON Evolution to XGS-PON
Opration Procedure
port.
2. Set the Flex-PON port mode. On the OLT, set the Flex-PON port mode from gpon to
xgs-pon.
For example, set port 0 of the Flex-PON board to the xgs-pon mode.
{ all<K>|portid<0,15> }:0
{ combo-pon<K>|gpon<K>|xg-pon<K>|xgs-pon<K> }:xgs-pon
If a GPON ONU already exists on the Flex-PON port, you need to delete the GPON
3. Replace the GPON optical module with a XGS-PON optical module.

4. Add the XGS-PON ONU or replace the GPON ONU with the XGS-PON ONU.
NOTE
The XGS-PON optical module can be connected to XG-PON ONU and XGS-PON ONU.

After the XGS-PON FTTx network evolution is complete, if you want to return to the GPON
FTTx network, perform the following steps:
1. Set the Flex-PON port mode. On the OLT, set the Flex-PON port mode from xgs-pon to
gpon.
If a XGS-PON ONU already exists on the Flex-PON port, you need to delete the XGS-
PON ONU and then switch the mode. Otherwise, the switching fails.
2. Replace the XGS-PON optical module with a GPON optical module.

3. Replace the XGS-PON ONU with the GPON ONU.
NOTE
8.3.5 GPON Evolution to XG-PON Combo

Evolution Solution
Figure 1 shows the smooth evolution from the GPON network to the XG-PON Combo
network by Flex-PON solution.

Figure 8-10 GPON Evolution to XG-PON Combo
Opration Procedure
port.
xg/g combo-pon and set the multiplexing mode to WDM.
{ all<K>|portid<0,15> }:0
{ xg/g<K>|xgs/g<K> }:xg/g
NOTE
The XG-PON Combo supports the GPON ONU type. Therefore, you do not need to delete the
GPON ONU when switching the port mode.
3. Replace the GPON optical module with a XG-PON Combo optical module.
After the port mode is switched to XG-PON Combo mode, the GPON optical module
can continue to work and the GPON ONU can continue online. However, after the
GPON optical module is removed and inserted, the GPON optical module cannot work.
In this case, the XG-PON Combo optical module must be inserted.

4. Add the XG-PON ONU or replace the GPON ONU with the XG-PON ONU.
NOTE
The XG-PON Combo optical module can be connected to GPON ONU and XG-PON ONU.
After the XG-PON Combo FTTx network evolution is complete, if you want to return to the
GPON FTTx network, perform the following steps:
1. Set the Flex-PON port mode. On the OLT, set the Flex-PON port mode from xg/g
combo-pon to gpon.
If a ONU already exists on the Flex-PON port, you need to delete the ONU and then
switch the mode. Otherwise, the switching fails.
2. Replace the XG-PON Combo optical module with a GPON optical module.
3. Replace the XG-PON ONU with the GPON ONU.
NOTE
8.3.6 GPON Evolution to XGS-PON Combo

Evolution Solution
Figure 1 shows the smooth evolution from the GPON network to the XGS-PON Combo
network by Flex-PON solution.

Figure 8-11 GPON Evolution to XGS-PON Combo
NOTE
XG(S)-PON is short for XG-PON and XGS-PON.
Opration Procedure
port.
xgs/g combo-pon and set the multiplexing mode to WDM.
{ all<K>|portid<0,15> }:0
NOTE
The XGS-PON Combo supports the GPON ONU type. Therefore, you do not need to delete the
GPON ONU when switching the port mode.
3. Replace the GPON optical module with a XGS-PON Combo optical module.
After the port mode is switched to XGS-PON Combo mode, the GPON optical module
can continue to work and the GPON ONU can continue online. However, after the
GPON optical module is removed and inserted, the GPON optical module cannot work.
In this case, the XGS-PON Combo optical module must be inserted.

4. Add the XG(S)-PON ONU or replace the GPON ONU with the XG(S)-PON ONU.
NOTE
The XGS-PON Combo optical module can be connected to GPON ONU, XG-PON ONU and
XGS-PON ONU.
After the XGS-PON Combo FTTx network evolution is complete, if you want to return to the
GPON FTTx network, perform the following steps:
1. Set the Flex-PON port mode. On the OLT, set the Flex-PON port mode from xgs/g
combo-pon to gpon.
If a ONU already exists on the Flex-PON port, you need to delete the ONU and then
switch the mode. Otherwise, the switching fails.
2. Replace the XGS-PON Combo optical module with a GPON optical module.
3. Replace the XG(S)-PON ONU with the GPON ONU.
NOTE

Feature Guide 9 Configuration Guide
9 Configuration Guide
9.1 Configuring a Service Board

This section describes how to configure a 10G PON service board.
9.2 Configuring the Port Attributes
9.3 XG(S)-PON Combo Configuration Guide
9.4 Flex-PON Configuration Guide
9.1 Configuring a Service Board

This section describes how to configure a 10G PON service board.
Adding a Board
You can add a 10G PON service board using either of the following methods:
l Manually inserting a board: When 10G PON boards have been configured in the
subrack, manually insert a required board.
l Adding a board offline: When a 10G PON service board needs to be pre-configured, add
a 10G PON service board offline.
NOTE
l In global config mode, run the board add frameid/slotidboard-type command to add a 10G PON
service board.
l After a board is successfully added offline, the board status is Failed. However, you can still
configure or query data on the board.
l After a user manually inserts a board (the board type must be the same as that of the board added
offline), the board status changes to Normal. Data configured for the board takes effect
immediately after the configuration.
Configuring the Working Mode of a Board

The working mode of a service board (some specific service boards) can be set according to
the actual application scenario.
Commands related to the working mode of a service board are as follows:

l Run the gpon board workmode command to configure the working mode of a service
board.
l Run the display gpon board workmode command to query the working mode of a
service board.
9.2 Configuring the Port Attributes

Automatic Discovery of an ONU
The OLT system adds an ONU using either of the following methods:
l Adding an ONU offline: Before installing an ONU, manually add an ONU to the OLT
and configure the ONU. After the ONU goes online, the OLT authenticates the ONU and
issues configurations to the ONU.
l Adding an ONU online: After an ONU is installed, the OLT discovers the online ONU
and adds and configures it.
The automatic discovery of an ONU applies when an ONU is added online. In this scenario,
the installation time of an ONU is uncertain because the OLT periodically searches for online
ONUs.
l The automatic discovery of an ONU connecting to OLT PON ports is disabled by
default.
l Run the port ont-auto-find command to enable the automatic discovery of an ONU.
l Run the display ont autofind command to query the automatic discovery of an ONU.
Laser
Run a command to enable or disable a laser for a PON port.
l The laser for a PON port is enabled by default.
l Run the shutdown command to disable a laser.
l Run the undo shutdown command to enable a laser.
NOTE
After a laser is disabled, all services carried on the port with the laser are interrupted. Exercise caution when
disabling a laser.
9.3 XG(S)-PON Combo Configuration Guide

Figure 1 shows the process of configuring the XG(S)-PON Combo service. After the XG(S)-
PON Combo mode is configured, you can configure the service according to the configuration
cases in the corresponding scenario.

Figure 9-1 XG(S)-PON Combo Service Configuration Process
Configuration Procedure
1. Set the combo mode of a XG(S)-PON Combo port.

On the OLT, run the port combo-mode { all | portid } { auto | wdm } command to set
the combo mode of a XG(S)-PON Combo port.
NOTE
l auto: sets the combo mode of a XG(S)-PON Combo PON port to auto.
l wdm: sets the combo mode of a XG(S)-PON Combo PON port to wdm.
l The XG(S)-PON Combo port mode must be the same as that of the XG(S)-PON Combo
optical module.
For example, set the combo port 0/1/0 to the auto mode.
huawei(config-if-gpon-0/3)#port combo-mode
{ all<K>|portid<0,15> }:
0
{ auto<K>|wdm<K> }:auto
2. XG(S)-PON Combo Service Configuration.

NOTE
After the GPON is switched to the XG(S)-PON, pay attention to the following points:
l If the GPON ONU is not replaced after the evolution, the GPON ONU configuration remains
unchanged.
l If GPON ONU is replaced with XG-PON ONU or XGS-PON ONU after the evolution, delete
GPON ONU and configure XG-PON ONU or XGS-PON ONU.
– For an XG(S)-PON FTTH network, configure services according to the XG(S)-
PON FTTH Configuration Guide.
n For carrier customers, visit: XG(S)-PON FTTH Configuration Guide
n For enterprise customers, visit: XG(S)-PON FTTH Configuration Guide
– For the XG(S)-PON FTTB/C networking, configure services according to the
XG(S)-PON FTTB/C Configuration Guide.
n For carrier customers, visit: XG(S)-PON FTTB/C Configuration Guide
n For enterprise customers, visit: XG(S)-PON FTTB/C Configuration Guide

9.4 Flex-PON Configuration Guide

Figure 1 shows the flowchart for configuring the Flex-PON service. After setting the Flex-
PON port mode, you can configure services according to the configuration cases in the
corresponding scenario.
Figure 9-2 Flowchart for configuring the Flex-PON service
Configuration Procedure
Step 1 Set the port mode of the Flex-PON.
On the OLT, run the port flex-mode command to set the port mode of the Flex-PON.
NOTE
The configured Flex-PON port mode must be the same as the optical module type. Otherwise, the cannot
work properly.
For example, set port 0 of the Flex-PON board to work in xgs/g combo mode and set the
multiplexing mode to WDM.
{ all<K>|portid<0,15> }:0
Step 2 Service configuration.

NOTE
After the GPON is switched to the XG(S)-PON, pay attention to the following points:
l For the evolution from GPON to XG-PON Combo or XGS-PON Combo, if the GPON ONU is not
replaced after the evolution, the GPON ONU configuration remains unchanged.
l For the evolution from GPON to XG-PON and XGS-PON, the XG-PON ONU or XGS-PON ONU
needs to be configured because the GPON ONU is replaced with the XG-PON ONU or XGS-PON
ONU after the evolution.
l For an XG(S)-PON FTTH network, configure services according to the XG(S)-PON
FTTH Configuration Guide.

– For carrier customers, visit: XG(S)-PON FTTH Configuration Guide

– For enterprise customers, visit: XG(S)-PON FTTH Configuration Guide
l For the XG(S)-PON FTTB/C networking, configure services according to the XG(S)-
PON FTTB/C Configuration Guide.
– For carrier customers, visit: XG(S)-PON FTTB/C Configuration Guide
– For enterprise customers, visit: XG(S)-PON FTTB/C Configuration Guide
----End

Feature Guide 10 Reference Standards and Protocols
10 Reference Standards and Protocols
The following lists standards and protocols:

l ITU-T G.987: ITU-T Recommendation G.987 (2010), G.987 definitions, abbreviations
and acronyms
l ITU-T G.987.1: ITU-T Recommendation G.987.1 (2009), 10 Gigabit-capable Passive
Optical Network (XG-PON): General Requirements
l ITU-T G.987.2: ITU-T Recommendation G.987.2 (2009), 10 Gigabit-capable Passive
Optical Network (XG-PON): Physical Media Dependent (PMD) layer specification
l ITU-T G.987.3: XG-PON TC Layer Specification
l ITU-T G.987.4: XG-PON Reach Extension Specification
l ITU-T G.988: ITU-T Recommendation G.988 (2010), ONU management and control
interface specification (OMCI)
l ITU-T G.9807.1: ITU-T Recommendation G.9807.1 (2016), 10-Gigabit-capable
symmetric passive optical network (XGS-PON)

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Trademarks and Permissions

Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

Issue 05 (2019-06-03) Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. i

1 About This Document.................................................................................................................. 1

8 Evolution From GPON to XG(S)-PON.................................................................................... 22

Issue 05 (2019-06-03) Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. ii

8.3.6 GPON Evolution to XGS-PON Combo.................................................................................................................... 36

10 Reference Standards and Protocols........................................................................................44

Issue 05 (2019-06-03) Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. iii

1 About This Document

Indicates an imminently hazardous situation which, if

Indicates a potentially hazardous situation which, if not

Indicates a potentially hazardous situation which, if not

Issue 05 (2019-06-03) Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 1

Indicates a potentially hazardous situation which, if not

Calls attention to important information, best practices

05 2019-06-03 Added: 8.3 Evolution Solution - Using Flex-

04 2018-10-30 Added: Network Evolution.

03 2017-06-20 The structure and content of the document are

02 2015-06-10 Added: ONU Authentication.

01 2019-06-03 This is the first release.

Issue 05 (2019-06-03) Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2

GPON Technology Evolution

Figure 2-1 GPON Technology Evolution Roadmap

l XG-PON, 10-Gigabit-capable passive optical network, provides asymmetric 10G

Standard Formulation Progress

Issue 05 (2019-06-03) Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 3

Figure 2-2 XG(S)-PON Standard Formulation Progress

In 2004, International Telecommunication Union-Telecommunication Standardization Sector

Issue 05 (2019-06-03) Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 4

Specification Differences Between GPON, XG-PON and XGS-PON

Specification GPON XG(S)-PON

Wavelength l Downstream: l Downstream: l Downstream:

Center l Downstream: 1490 l Downstream: 1577 l Downstream: 1577

Maximum l Downstream: l Downstream: l Downstream:

Issue 05 (2019-06-03) Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 5

Specification GPON XG(S)-PON

Frame GEM XGEM XGEM

Issue 05 (2019-06-03) Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 6

Figure 4-1 Network Structure

Issue 05 (2019-06-03) Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 7

5.1 Basic Concepts

5.1 Basic Concepts

Figure 5-1 Working principles of service multiplexing

Issue 05 (2019-06-03) Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 8

5.2 System Transmit Principles

Figure 5-2 System Transmit Principles

l Data is broadcast in the downstream direction.

Issue 05 (2019-06-03) Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 9

5.3 Working Principles of Downstream

Figure 5-3 Working principles for downstream transmission

Data flow forwarding in the downstream direction

Figure 5-4 Data flow forwarding in the downstream direction

Issue 05 (2019-06-03) Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 10

5.4 Working Principle of Upstream

Figure 5-5 Working principles for upstream transmission

Data flow forwarding in the upstream direction