HSG 324 PDF đã chuyển đổi
HSG 324 PDF đã chuyển đổi
HSG 324 PDF đã chuyển đổi
PART 2: You will hear an interview with Alex Mustard, an underwater photographer who
has just published a successful book featuring his work. For questions 1- 5, choose the answer
(A, B, C or D) which fits best according to what you hear.
1. What does Alex say about filming wildlife underwater?
A. It’s impossible to plan what you’ll see.
B. It’s fairly easy to set up controlled shots.
C. You have to work closely with other people.
D. You have to be quick to exploit opportunities.
2. What does Alex say about his favourite shots in the book?
A. They are the ones he had most fun shooting.
B. It was hard to get the divers to take them seriously.
C. They may embarrass some of the divers who feature in them.
D. It's unusual to see shots that show the light-hearted side of diving.
3. How does Alex feel about photographing dangerous creatures underwater?
A. He tries to avoid looking aggressive in their company.
B. He dislikes the idea of disturbing them in any way.
C. He recognises the need to avoid certain species.
D. He can tell if an animal is likely to attack him.
4. Alex says that anyone wanting to take up underwater photography should
A. choose subjects that are likely to keep relatively still.
B. buy the most expensive equipment they can.
C. avoid getting too close to their subjects.
D. take shots of small things at first.
5. For Alex, the main attraction of going to Sardinia is
A. the number of submerged wrecks he can explore.
B. the convenient location of the main dive sites.
C. the range of underwater life that he can see.
D. the temperature and clarity of the water.
PART 3: Listen to a customer speaking to telephone support. Answer the questions choosing
either "True" (T) or "False" (F).
1. F Jackie was surprised that David had problems placing his order.
2. T David needs to order the software for his office.
3. T Jackie gives him the 25% discount even though he's not ordering online.
HSG 324
HSG 324
4. T Jackie tells David that the free microphones are usually not very good quality.
5. F David buys both versions of the software.
PART 4: You will hear part of a radio interview with a man who is the director of an
Environmental Centre. For questions 1-10, write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS to
complete the sentences.
The Environmental Centre has been open for (1) 25 YEARS
The Centre has working displays of sun and (2) _ WIND POWER
School children visit the Centre to carry out (3) A PROJECT on the environment.
The majority of courses take (4) 3 DAYS apart from ones in the summer.
Accommodation is provided in (5) BASIC CABINS _ made of wood.
The Centre does not allow anyone (6) TO SMOKE INSIDE _.
The course on garden wildlife and different plants is called (7) NATURAL GARDENING
The most popular course shows people how (8) TO SAVE WATER .
The cost of a course depends on whether people have (9) A JOB or not.
The Centre has (10) A FUND to make sure nobody is refused a place on a course.
Part 2. Read the passage below which contains 10 mistakes. Identify the mistakes and write the
corrections in the corresponding numbered boxes. (10 points)
1. It is an accepted part of everyday nostalgic (-IA) to assume that in the past
2. food was somehow better than it is today. The fruit and vegetables were more
3. naturally grow (-N) and this was not seen as an extra bonus which added ten per
4. sent (CENT) on to the price. Most food was fresh, not frozen, and you had the chance to
5. examine it to see whether you wanted it. When you went shopping you could
6. ask for exactly what piece of meat you wanted and see the butcher to cut (CUT) it
7. instead of finding it ready-wrapped in plastic. And your local trademan soon,
8. got to know what you wanted, and provided it for you; otherwise he would
9. have gone out of business. Of course, unless we invent time-travel we shall
10. never know whether this is all true.
11. Survivors from those distant days naturally tend to dislike today's
12. Convenient (-CE) foods, and to prefer the Good Old Days when a joint of beef filled the
13. oven, produced thick red juice instead of water when cooked, and cost the
14. same as a can of Coke. What is always forgotten is that then as now the
15. quantity (LITY) of your food depended very much upon who you were, how well-off
16. you happened to be, and where you lived. Shopping then demanded
17. considerable skills, and shoppers had to be able to tell the fresh from the not so
18. fresh. Their (THERE) was no sell-buy (BY) date to act as a guide. If you were hard up then
19. frozen meat and canned foods would have been in the menu, just as they are today.
Part 3. Complete each sentence with one suitable particle or preposition. Write your answers
in the box provided. (10 points)
1. It’s almost impossible to specify how many fake banknotes are currently IN circulation.
2. “Why does he look so depressed?” “He must be _ AT his wits end because of his wife’s
illness, I suppose”
3. It’s rather BEYOND my comprehension how they have succeeded in growing fruit trees on
this barren soil.
4. “Why didn’t you answer the phone? “Probably, I wasn’tWITHIN call when it rang. I must
have been outside the house”
5. Now that the case is OFF my hands, I don’t need to worry any more. The other barrister
has taken it over.
6. Eddie got into serious trouble after he had treated himself TOO too many books and had
no money left for the bus back home.
7. -8. I’m not convinced Arthur’s comments had much to do WITH the affair. To me, they
were rather OFF the point.
9. I know Oete’s conduct was intolerable, but don’t be too hard ON him.
10. I’m extremely pressed FOR money these days. Could you lend me a few pounds, please?
Part 4. Write the correct form of the words given in the brackets. Write your answers in the
spaces provided below. (10 points)
NEW FOOD LABELLING SYSTEM
The government may soon force restaurants to introduce a “traffic light” labelling system on menus
to help slow down rising levels of (0. OBESE) obesity. A green circle would show food is safe and
(1. ADVICE) ADVISABLE to eat, while amber foods should be eaten in moderation and red
foods eaten occasionally. Supermarkets already (2. VOLUNTEER) VOLUNTARILY follow a
similar code, but minister believe a radical (3. EXTEND) EXTENSION of the system to
restaurant chains is necessary. They intend to (4. HARD) HARDEN government policies
on public health as recent statistics show that two thirds of adults are (5. WEIGH)
OVERWEIGHT or worse, obese. Abroad, New York city has already forced restaurant chains
to list calorie content on mennus, believing this will lead to a dramatic (6. REDUCE)
REDUCTION in the number of people who are obesse or who suffer from diabetes. If the
government here goes ahead with the “traffic light” system, it will no doubt face considerable (7.
RESIST) RESISTANCE from the food industry, which would be forced to spend money on
(8. DATE) DAILY/UPDATING menus. This new system would also be (9.
CONTROVERSY)
CONTROVERSIAL for small restaurant chains because menus are (10. SEASON)
SEASONAL and constantly change, and many dishes do not contain standardized levels of
ingredients.
Part 3. Read the following passage and circle the best answer to each of the following
questions. Write your answers in corresponding numbered boxes. (10 points)
TO SPANK OR NOT TO SPANK
UP - Minneapolis, MN - A father was recently arrested by the police for spanking his child,
starting a debate among the American public about spanking. Is spanking, or other types of corporal
punishment, an acceptable form of discipline for children? Or is it a form of child abuse?
The case that has everyone talking is the arrest of Dale Clover, a thirty-six-year-old father of
three, at a shopping mall in St. Louis, Missouri. He was arrested after an employee at the mall saw
him spanking his five-year-old son, Donny, and called the police. The father was arrested for child
abuse. Mr. Clover admits that he hit his son but says that it wasn’t child abuse. He says it was
discipline.
Across the country, parents, disagree on this issue: What is the difference between loving
discipline and child abuse? Some parents like Rhonda Moore see a clear difference between
spanking and child abuse. Rhonda Moore believes a little bit of pain is necessary to teach a child
what is right and wrong. “It’s like burning your hand when you touch a hot stove. Pain is nature’s
way of teaching us.” Moore believes that spanking is done out of love, but child abuse is done out
of anger, when the parent loses control. “When I spank my children, I always talk to them before
and afterward, and explain why they are being spanked. I explain what they did wrong, and they
remember not to do it again.” Moore says that her children respect her as a parent and understand
that she is spanking them for their own good.
In contrast, Taylor Robinson, father of four, feels that parents should never hit their children
for any reason. Robinson wants his children to learn right and wrong, but not because they are
afraid of being hit. “Spanking teaches children to fear their parents, not respect them. When a parent
spanks a child, what the child learns is that problems should be solved with violence.” Robinson
believes that children learn that it is acceptable for parents to hurt their children. “None of these are
lessons that I want to teach my children. I want my children to learn to talk about their problems
and solve them without violence, but spanking doesn’t teach that.”
Parents are split about corporal punishment, and doctors also disagree about the issue. Dr.
John Oparah thinks our child abuse laws sometimes go too far: that is, they make it difficult for
parents to discipline their children. Oparah says that today many children do not respect their
parents. “Children need strong, loving discipline. Sometimes spanking is the best way to get a
child’s attention, to make sure the child listens to the parent.” Oparah says that he knows loving
parents who have had police officers come to their home because their children have reported being
spanked. Oparah believes parents should not be treated like criminals. “As a society, we complain
all the time that your young people are getting into more and more trouble, committing crimes - yet
when parents try to control their children, they’re punished. Some parents are afraid to discipline
their children because their neighbors might call the police.”
Most doctors, however, say that there are many harmful effects of spanking. Dr. Beverly Lau
is opposed to spanking. Lau argues that spanking can lead to more violent behavior in children. She
points to research that shows that children who are spanked are more violent when they grow up.
“A child may stop misbehaving for the moment, but over time, children who are spanked actually
misbehave more than children who are not spanked.” Lau adds that research shows that if you want
a peaceful family, parents should not spank their children.
The issue of spanking and corporal punishment will continue to be debated among parents
and in the courts. In the meantime, if he is convicted of child abuse, Dale Clover could get up to
five years in prison.
1. What is the main idea of this passage?
A. Doctors believe that spanking is harmful to children.
B. Parents and doctors disagree about the benefits of spanking children.
C. Spanking teaches children the difference between right and wrong.
D. Child abuse laws make it difficult for parents to discipline their kids.
2. In paragraph 2, who called the police in the Dale Clover case?
A. His five-year-old son B. A mall employee
C. Dale Clover himself D. Clover’s wife
3. In paragraph 3, why does Rhonda Moore give the example of touching a hot stove?
A. To argue that parents need to control their children
B. To demonstrate that spanking is wrong,
C. To question the laws about child abuse
D. To show the benefits of spanking
4. Why does the author include Rhonda Moore and Taylor Robinson in this article?
A. To give examples of parents who spank their children
B. To compare the views of a parent and a doctor
C. To contrast the opinions of two parents
D. To argue against spanking one’s children
5. In paragraph 4, all of the following are lessons Taylor Robinson believes children learn from
spanking EXCEPT .
A. children should fear their parents
B. problems could be solved with violence
C. it is acceptable for parents to hurt their kids
D. people should talk about problems, without violence
6. In paragraph 5, the phrase “go too far” is closest in meaning to .
A. are too hard on children
B. take control away from parents
C. are not strong enough to stop abuse
D. teach children to respect for their parents
7. In paragraph 6, why does the author use the word “however”?
A. To contrast Oparah’s view from other doctors’
B. To question the views of most doctors
C. To support Oparah’s opinions
D. To introduce a similar opinion
8. In paragraph 6, what is the author’s primary purpose?
A. To question Beverly Lau’s opinions about spanking
B. To explain why parents should spank their kids
C. To compare two different views on spanking
D. To show the harmful effects of spanking
9. In paragraph 7, what can be inferred about Dale Clover’s case?
A. Dale Clover is guilty of child abuse.
B. Dale Clover’s case has not ended yet.
C. It is likely that Clover will be convicted.
D. Clover might be in jail longer than five years
10. Why does the author use the example of Dale Clover?
A. To support the idea that spanking makes a family stronger
B. To support the idea that spanking is a controversial subject
C. To support the idea that spanking is necessary for disciplining children
D. To support the idea that spanking teaches children to know right from wrong
Part 4. Read the following extract and answer questions 1-10. (15 points)
THE HISTORY OF WRITING
1. The earliest stage of writing is called pre-writing or proto-literacy, and depends on direct
representation of objects, rather than representing them with letters or other symbols. Evidence
for this stage, in the form of rock and cave paintings, dates back to about 15,000 years ago,
although the exact dates are debatable. This kind of proto-literate cave painting has been found
in Europe. With the best known examples in Southwestern Prance, but also in Africa and on
parts of the American continent. These petrographs (pictures on rock) show typical scenes of the
period, and include representations of people, animals and activities. Most are astonishingly
beautiful, with a vibrancy and immediacy that we still recognise today. They are painted with
pigments made from natural materials including crushed stones and minerals, animal products
such as blood, ashes, plant materials of all kinds, and they produce a wide range of colours and
hues.
2. Why did ancient people put such effort into making them? Various theories have been put
forward, but the most compelling include the idea that the pictures were records of heroic deeds
of important events, that they were part of magical ceremonies, or that they were a form of
primitive calendar, recording the changes in the season as they happened. These, then, are all
explanation as to why man started to write.
3. A related theory suggests that the need for writing arose thereafter from the transactions and
bartering what went on. In parts of what is now Iraq and Iran, small pieces of fired earth-pottery
have been found which appear to have been used as tokens to represent bartered objects, much
as we use tokens in a casino, or money, today. Eventually, when the tokens themselves became
too numerous to handle easily, representations of the tokens were inscribed on clay tablets.
4. An early form of writing is the use of pictograms, which are pictures used to communicate.
Pictograms have been found from almost every part of the world and every era of development,
and are still in use in primitive communities nowadays. They represent objects, ideas or
concepts more or less directly. They tend to be simple in the sense that they are not a complex
or full picture, although they are impressively difficult to interpret to an outsider unfamiliar with
their iconography, which tends to be localized and to differ widely from society to society. They
are never intended to be a detailed testimony which could be interpreted by outsiders, but to
serve instead as aside-memoires to the author, rather as we might keep a diary in a personal
shorthand. However, some modern pictograms are more or less universally recognised, such as
the signs which indicate men’s and women’s toilets, or road signs, which tend to be very similar
throughout the world.
5. The first pictograms that we know of are Sumerian in origin, and date to about 8000 BC. They
show how images used to represent concrete objects could be expanded to include abstractions
by adding symbols together, or using associated symbols. One Sumerian pictogram, for
example, indicates ‘death combining the symbols for “man” and “winter”; another shows
“power” with the symbol for a man with the hands enlarged.
6. By about 5,000 years ago, Sumerian pictograms had spread to other areas, and the Sumerians
had made a major advance towards modern writing with the development of the rebus principle,
which meant that symbols could be used to indicate sounds. This was done by using a particular
symbol not only for the thing it originally represented, but also for anything which was
pronounced in a similar way. So the pictogram for na (meaning ‘animal’) could also be used to
mean ‘old’ (which was also pronounced na). The specific meaning of the pictogram (whether
na meant ‘old’ or ‘animal’) could only be decided through its context.
7. It is a short step from this to the development of syllabic writing ysing pictograms, and this next
development took about another half a century. Now, the Sumerians would add pictograms to
each other so that each, representing an individual sound or syllable, formed part of a larger
word. This pictograms representing the syllables he, na and mi (‘mother, ‘old’, ‘my’) could be
put together to form hemani or ‘grandmother’
For questions 1-6, choose correct heading for paragraphs 1-7 from the list of headings. Write
your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes. There is an example.
List of Headings
A. Magic and heroes 1. Paragraph 1: E
B. Doing business 2. Paragraph 2: F
C. Early developments 3. Paragraph 3: B
D. Sounds and symbols Paragraph 4: G
E. Image on stone 4. Paragraph 5: C
F. Stories and seasons 5. Paragraph 6: D
G. From visual to sound 6. Paragraph 7: H
H. A personal record
For questions 7-10, complete the following notes by using ONE or TWO WORDS from the
reading passage for each answer.
NOTES ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF WRITING
First stage of writing – pre-writing or proto-literacy – very old- 15,000 years. Evidence: cave
and rock paintings. Famous example – (7) Southwestern Prance . Reasons for development of
writing: primitive ceremonies, recording events, seasons, used on pottery to represent (8)
BARTERED OBJECTS . Next stage: very simple pictograms – pictures used to represent articles
and (9) CONCEPTS , very simple drawings (but very difficult to understand). Then – 8000
BC – combined (1) SYMBOLS to create new concepts (e.g. man + winter =
death). After this – started using same pictogram for different words with same sound, very
important step.
Part 2. Rewrite each sentence using the word in brackets so that the meaning stays the same.
You must use between THREE and EIGHT words, including the word given. (10 points)
1. I don’t usually learn anything useful from the television, but last night I did. (CHANGE)
I MADE A CHANGE TO LEARN SMT useful from the television last night.
2. Simon doesn’t agree with me about which slogan is best for the campaign. (DIFFERENCE)
Simon AND I HAVE A DIFFERENCE OF opinion over which slogan is best for the
campaign.
3. Senator Smith announced his intention to resign a short time ago. (KNOWN)
Senator Smith has just MADE IT KNOWN OF HIS INTENTION to resign.
4. It was wrong of you not to tell me about that information. (KEPT)
You should NOT HAVE KEPT THAT INFO A SECRET FROM me.
5. Jepdee needs to arrive soon or we’ll have to go without him. (BEHIND)
We’ll have to LEAVE JEPDEE BEHIND UNLESS HE turns up soon.