Republic of the Philippines

DEPARTMENTOF EDUCATION
Caraga Administrative Region
DIVISION OF SURIGAO DEL SUR
Barobo III District
Gamut National High School

School: Gamut National High School

District: Barobo III District

ENGLISH 10 QUARTER 2 WEEK 2

COMPETENCY: Identify key structural elements, e.g.:
• Exposition - Statement of position, • Arguments, • Restatement of Positions and
language features of an argumentative text, e.g.:• modal verbs: should, must,
might, and modal adverbs: usually, probably, etc.; • attitudes expressed through
evaluative language, • conjunctions or connectives to link ideas: because, therefore,
on the other hand, etc.; • declarative statements, • rhetorical questions; passive
voice

OBJECTIVES: At the end of the week, you shall have

o identify rhetorical questions; (Knowledge)
o write declarative sentences; (Skill)
o transform sentences into passive voice; and (Skill)
o use rhetorical questions, declarative sentences and passive voice in writing
argumentative text to subtly influence readers. (Attitude)

DISCUSSION:

In the previous lessons, you have learned that an argumentative essay tries to change the
readers’ mind by convincing them to agree with the writer’s point of view. In addition, you have
also learned various key structural elements that are useful in writing an argumentative
text/essay, namely; exposition, arguments, modal verbs, and conjunctions.

In this lesson, you will learn more key structural elements that will make your argumentative
text/essay more convincing to your readers.

Let’s reread and re-examine the example argumentative text’s introduction given above,
(Motivation Question) then, try to answer the process questions mentally (in your mind only).

“Who would have thought that a virus will help the planet breathe for a couple of months? The long
community lockdowns have contributed positively to the environment. But, a number of lives
were loss due to COVID-19.”

2
Process Questions:
1. Which sentence declares a fact?
2. Which sentence is written in the passive voice?
3. Which sentence appeal to your emotion/senses?
This lesson consists of three main topics; Declarative Sentence, Passive Voice, and Rhetorical
questions as key structural elements in writing an argumentative essay.
A. Declarative Sentence
– A sentence that expresses a statement. It simply declares something
whether it’s a fact, wish, intent or feeling.
– Among the four (4) kinds of Sentences (according to their meaning and
purpose); Interrogative (sentence that asks a question), Imperative (gives
command, order, or request) Exclamatory (expresses sudden or strong
feeling), Declarative is commonly used.
Examples:
1. The students want to have a normal class.
2. They would like to see their teachers and classmates in the classroom.
3. The long community lockdowns have contributed positively to the
environment.
4. It’s a pleasure to see the children achieving their dreams in life and a
blessing to their families.
Declarative sentences can be simple or compound in structure.
Examples:
1. Maria is happy. – (Simple Declarative Sentence)
2. Jose wants to visit his friends but he is not allowed to go out. –
(Compound Declarative Sentence)
Declarative sentences are very helpful in writing an argumentative text/essay, specially when
you are presenting the facts or even your opinions.
Sentences have subjects (noun/pronoun being discussed) and verbs (action/state of being). Did
you know that verbs have voices? Yes, verbs can have a passive or an active voice and they
determine the doer and the receiver of the actions.

B. Passive Voice
– it is determined by the subject as the receiver of the action or is being acted
upon by the verb. But if the subject is the doer of the action or acts upon
the verb, it is an active voice.

Examples:
1. The parents received the modules. – Active Voice
2. The modules were received by the parents. – Passive Voice
In the examples given above, there were two sets of sentences provided for you to understand the
difference between active and passive voice.
In sentence 1, The parents (Subject) acts on the verb (received) and the object (the modules)
receives the action. While in sentence 2, the subject (the parents) becomes the receiver of the
action (were received) and the object (the modules) becomes the doer of the action.

NOTE: Only sentences with Direct object can be written in the passive voice. In addition, the voice of the
verb is NOT a tense but each tense has their own passive voice.

How to form the passive voice? Let’s study the table below.
Simple Auxiliary verb + sample V3 Examples
Tenses (past participle)
Present simple am, is, are + made Sugar is made from canes.
Some products are made in China.
Past simple was, were + invited Jose was invited to sing at the
ceremony.
2 They were invited to
Maria’s birthday party.
Future (will) will be + announced The decision will be announced
 tomorrow.
Future (going to) am, is, are + going to be + built A mega company is going to be built
within the next years.
New buildings are going to be built
in our city.

Progressive Auxiliary verb + sample V3 Examples

Tenses (past participle)
Present progressive am, is, are + being + sent The item is being sent at the
moment.
I am being sent to study abroad.
Past progressive was, were + being + watered, The plant was being watered when
wash my mother got home.
The clothes were being washed
while the kids were still sleeping.
Future progressive Will be +being+ played The music will be being played by
the orchestra.
* Note: passive voice in future
progressive tense is not
very
commonly used.

Perfect Auxiliary verb + sample V3 Examples

Tenses (past participle)
Present perfect has, have + been + sold That plant has been sold for 500
pesos.

The pots have been sold for 1,000

pesos.
Past perfect had + been + hired The janitor had been hired before
he gave the letter to me.
Future perfect will + have been + finished The assignments will have been
finished by the time her mother gets
home.

MODALS Auxiliary verb + sample V3 Examples

(past participle)

can/could can, could + be + issued A certificate can be issued at the

office.
They said that it could be issued
today.

have to have to, has to, had to + be + Their needs have to be catered right
catered, arranged, promoted away.
A gardener has to be arranged for
tomorrow’s event.
She had to be promoted for her
length of service.
must must + be + stopped Illegal loggings must be stopped for
the sake of the next generations.

C. Rhetorical Question
- From the word “rhetoric” – an art of expressive and persuasive speech discourse, the
writer’s way to create an emotional effect. 3
- It’s a question being asked to highlight or emphasize a point and is not expecting of an
answer.
 - it may or may not have an obvious answer.

Examples:

1. Is rain wet?
2. Who are we that even the Creator offered His life as a ransom for us?
3. Who would have thought that a virus will help the planet breathe for a
couple of months?
4.
In sentence 1, the question has an obvious answer as suggested by facts or context clues.
Rhetorical questions with obvious answers are used to emphasize a point.
On the other hand, sentences 2 and 3 are examples of rhetorical questions that have no obvious
answers. These questions are asked to start a conversation, stir arguments, or putting an
opinion into the topic for thinking and reflection.

TASK 1. DECLARE IT!

Directions: Write two Declarative Sentences about your most unforgettable experiences during
the long summer vacation. Write your answers in your activity notebook.

TASK 2. FROM ACTIVE TO PASSIVE

Directions. Rewrite the sentences, transform subject as the receiver of the action (passive voice).
Example: Thomas Edison invented the phonograph in 1887.
Answer: The phonograph was invented by Thomas Edison in 1887.

1. The dog bit the mailman.

2. The bag contained three books.
3. His grateful sponsors gave him a gold watch.

TASK 3. RHETORICAL OR NOT

Directions. Read and analyze the questions below, then group the questions to Rhetorical and
Non-rhetorical. Copy the table in your notebook. The first one is done for you.
1. Can pigs fly?
2. What do you think about the game?
3. Do you think it is a wonderful news?
4. Is there anything more exciting than this?
5. Why can’t people just obey the rules and stay safe at home?

Rhetorical Questions Non-rhetorical Questions

Can pigs fly?

TASK 4. CHANGING PERSPECTIVES

Directions: Write an argumentative text using all the key structural elements you have learned.
Convince your readers on the significance of continuing education amidst the
pandemic period. Write your output on a separate sheet of paper/Journal
Notebook.
RUBRICS:
5- All parts of the essay (Introduction, Body and Conclusion) are properly organized. In addition, all
the key structural elements are present and have no errors in punctuation, capitalization, and
spelling.
4- All parts of the essay (Introduction, Body and Conclusion) are properly organized. In addition, 3 or
more key structural elements are present and have no errors in punctuation, capitalization, and
spelling.
3- Two parts of the essay (Introduction, Body or Conclusion) are properly organized. However, only 2
key structural elements that are present and have 3-5 errors in punctuation, capitalization, and
spelling.
RUBRICS: 4
2 – Two parts of the essay (Introduction, Body or Conclusion) are properly organized. However, only 2
key structural elements are present and have 6-10 errors in punctuation, capitalization, and spelling.
1- Only one part of the essay (Introduction, Body or Conclusion) is properly organized. In addition,
only 2 key structural elements are present and have more than 10 errors in punctuation,
capitalization, and spelling.
ANSWER KEY:

REFERENCES:

BOOKS:

Almonte, Liza R. et. al. Celebrating Diversity through World Literature English-Learner’s Material.
Rex Bookstore, Inc., 2015.

Bermudez, Virginia F, Josephine M Cruz, Remedios F Nery, and Milagros A San Juan. English
Expressways Textbook English Second Year. Quezon City: SD PUBLICATION, INC., 2012.

Bermudez, Virginia F, Josephine M Cruz, Remedios F Nery, and Milagros A San Juan. English
Expressways Textbook English Fourth Year. Quezon City: SD PUBLICATION, INC., 2012.

Senatin, Ruby B. “Lesson III - E Sentences According to Meaning and Purpose.” Essay. In
Review of English Grammar (Textbook-Workbook) Revised Edition, edited by Fe G. Centenera,
5
212–13. Mandaluyong City: National Boos Store, 2010.

WEBSITES:
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25, 2020. https://examples.yourdictionary.com/rhetorical-question- examples.html.

Francis, Peter J., About Peter J. FrancisPeter J. Francis is owner and operator of HyperGraphix
Publishing Services (HGPublishing.com). He has over 30 years of professional writing and editing
experience. He holds a BA (Honors) degree in English (1987), and View all posts by Peter J.
Francis →. “Rhetorical Questions in Persuasive Essays.” HGPublishing.com Blog, January 7,
2017. http://hgpublishing.com/blog/rhetorical- questions-in-persuasive-essays.

“#1 Grammar and Spell Checker.” Ginger. Accessed October 25, 2020.
https://www.gingersoftware.com/content/grammar-rules/verbs/passive-voice/.

“Rhetorical Question Worksheets, Examples & Definition For Kids.” KidsKonnect, September 19,
2020. https://kidskonnect.com/language/rhetorical-question/.

https://docs.google.com/viewerng/viewer?
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https://docs.google.com/viewerng/viewer?
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Englishwsheets.com. “Passive Voice Simple Present and Past ESL Worksheet.” ESL Printable
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