DOS Guide Civil Works 1

DEFINITION OF SERVICES GUIDELINES
Infrastructure Construction / Civil Works
ISBN 978-2-88432-077-1
FIDIC is the international federation of national Member Associations of consulting
engineers.
F IDIC was founded in 1913 by three national associations of consulting engineers within
Europe. The objectives of forming the Federation were to promote in common the
professional interests of the Member Associations and to disseminate information of interest to
their members. Today, FIDIC membership covers some 90 countries from all parts of the globe
encompassing most of the private practice consulting engineers.
F IDIC is charged with promoting and implementing the consulting engineering industry’s
strategic goals on behalf of Member Associations. Its strategic objectives are to: represent
world-wide the majority of firms providing technology-based intellectual services for the built
and natural environment; assist members with issues relating to business practice; define
and actively promote conformance to a code of ethics; enhance the image of consulting
engineers as leaders and wealth creators in society; promote the commitment to environmental
sustainability; support and promote young professionals as future leaders.
F IDIC arranges seminars, conferences and other events in the furtherance of its goals:
maintenance of high ethical and professional standards; exchange of views and information;
discussion of problems of mutual concern among Member Associations and representatives of
the international financial institutions; and development of the consulting engineering industry
in developing countries.
F IDIC members endorse FIDIC’s statutes and policy statements and comply with FIDIC’s
Code of Ethics which calls for professional competence, impartial advice and open and fair
competition.
F IDIC, in the furtherance of its goals, publishes international standard forms of contracts for
works (Short Form, Construction, Plant and Design Build, EPC/Turnkey) and agreements
(for clients, consultants, sub-consultants, joint ventures, and representatives), together with
related materials such as standard pre-qualification forms.
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of management systems (quality management, risk management, integrity management,
environment management, sustainability) and business processes (consultant selection, quality
based selection, tendering, procurement, insurance, liability, technology transfer, capacity
building).
F IDIC organises an extensive programme of seminars, conferences, capacity building

workshops, and training courses.
F IDIC aims to maintain high ethical and professional standards throughout the consulting
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Preface 4
Acknowledgements 5
1 Preamble 6
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Background
1.3 How to use the guidelines
1.4 The importance of coordination in the design process
1.5 Impact of the procurement methodology on consultant services
1.6 How do the guidelines relate to the management of the design process?
1.7 Value Management design reviews
1.8 Sustainability Management – environmentally sustainable design
1.9 Safety
1.10 Business Integrity
2. Civil Engineering Elements and Civil Infrastructure Project Types 14
2.1 Civil Elements
2.2 Project Types
2.3 Civil Complexities
3 Phases in Civil Infrastructure Construction 18
3.1 Definition of Services Phase
3.2 Pre-design Phase
3.3 Schematic/Preliminary Design Phase
3.4 Developed Design Phase
3.5 Construction Documentation Phase
3.6 Development Permit Application Phase
3.7 Procurement Phase
3.8 Construction Phase
3.9 Post Construction Phase
APPENDICES
Appendix A The Consultant’s Brief 25
Appendix B Detailed Task Descriptions (Civil Construction) 28
Appendix C – C-1 Technical Scope 34
– C-2 Civil Infrastructure Engineering 45
– C-3 Civil Development 49
– C-4 Civil Coordinated Shallow Utilities Engineering 58
Appendix D Construction Monitoring Services 63
Figure 1 Objective of DOS Guidelines 4
Figure 2 Hierarchy of Control 9
Figure 3 Impact of Value Management 12
Figure 4 Civil Construction Phases 18
Table 1 Civil Infrastructure Project Examples 7
Table 2 Consultant Scope Variation by Project Delivery Method 11
Table 3 Possibilities for Specialist Design Input 17
3
PREFACE
This is the second Definition of Services Guideline in a series under development to eventually
cover all disciplines.
The consulting engineering industry remains largely responsible for the professional planning,
design, construction inspection and management of infrastructure needed to meet the world’s ever
increasing demand for food, water, sanitation, shelter, health services, transportation and energy.
Consulting engineers provide, on a daily basis, the solutions that improve the quality of people’s lives
while preserving our dwindling natural resources.
The work of the professional consulting engineer is as important today as it was a hundred years
ago. However, detailed knowledge of the role that these experts play is not as satisfactory as it could
be, even among those who directly engage consulting engineers. The more the services consulting
engineers provide are understood, the more effective these services will be.
Figure 1 Objective of the DOS Guidelines
FIDIC has engaged the expertise and understanding of an international group of experienced
industry practitioners during the preparation of these guidelines to:
a) consolidate the industry’s best practice for the definition of consulting engineering
services, and
b) establish a consistent basis for scoping, executing and benchmarking these services.
Through these DOS Guidelines, FIDIC will help clients and their consultants match tasks and
desired outcomes with skill sets and deliverables to improve effectiveness and value for both parties.
4
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The original FIDIC Best Practice Guidelines for the Definition of the Scope (DOS) of Services
for Buildings (Structural) were prepared by the Definitions of Scope Task Group of the FIDIC Business
Practices Committee (BPC). The document for Civil DOS follows the same format and has also been
reviewed and refined extensively.
The Task Group for this document comprised Rick Prentice, Canada, Task Force Chair; Andrew
Read, New Zealand, Chair of the Business Practice Committee; David DeLizza, USA, Committee
Member; and Chris Newcomb, Canada, Committee Member.
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These Guidelines aim to provide a - Provide standardisation and

clear template for the scope of a consultant’s international portability of work phase
work through the different phases of a typical definition
commission: design – procurement – construction.
- Develop a basis for differentiating
This will enable the client and consultant to:
performance and scope between
consultants.
- Clearly define responsibilities from the The guidelines also:
outset and communicate these to all
parties involved in the project
- Point the user to FIDIC support
- Define the scope of the consultant’s documents available to assist in
work through the different phases of evaluating what level of environmental
the project sustainability should be pursued and
which design tools, such as BIM,
- Agree, in particular, the level of design
might be applicable
services required as this can be an
area of considerable variance - Highlight the importance of
maintaining business integrity in
- Negotiate appropriate remuneration
consulting and project management
for the standard of design service
required
- Benchmark the services the client Key requirements for defining the scope of
receives against best practice a consultant’s work are summarized in Appendix
standards A – The Consultant’s Brief, which provides a short
- Provide a quality assurance reference guide for clients and their consultants that is
for users. applicable to all types of projects.
1.1 Introduction
Civil engineering is a broad ranging Water & Soil Conservation, Marine
and important aspect of consulting. There is a Erosion & Protection
component of it on almost every assignment, either Environmental Impact Assessment and
at the core of multidiscipline civil infrastructure Mitigation
projects, or in a support capacity on consulting
assignments that aren’t primarily civil. Many civil Water Treatment & Distribution
infrastructure projects are large and complex, Transportation, including Highways,
requiring a unique definition of scope to meet Bridges, Retaining Walls, Pavement,
specific needs and deliverables. Airports, Ferry Terminals, Rail, Roads and
Streets
Examples of civil infrastructure projects are
listed below: Urban Land & Site Development
Water Resources & Storm Water Mining & Industrial

Management, including Drainage Surveying and Geomatics
Collection Systems and Flood Control. Community Planning & Development
Municipal Water Supply, Linear Geotechnical Site Investigations,
Infrastructure including Storm and Foundations & Earth Structures
Wastewater & Infrastructure Rehabilitation
Solid Waste Management
Wastewater Collection, Treatment &
Disposal
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Table 1 elaborates and, although not exhaustive, indicates the categories for which these DOS
guidelines can be utilized:
Drainage Studies & Surveys Marine Outfalls

Irrigation Marine Erosion Protection
Land Drainage Municipal Roads and Streets
Urban & Community Development Municipal Storm Water Management
Water & Soil Conservation Engineering Municipal Wastewater Management
Environmental Assessments Municipal Water Supply
Groundwater Resources / Hydrogeology Mining Site Development and Support
Erosion & Sediment Control Facilities
Wastewater Collection Structural other than Buildings (Bridges,
Wastewater Treatment bunkers, silos, dams, locks, nuclear tanks &
Wastewater Disposal shells, towers, tunnels, reservoirs, conduits,
and temporary works)
Water Treatment
Surface Water Resources
Water Distribution
Surveying & Geomatics
Geotechnical Foundations & Earth Structures
Geotechnical Site Investigations Solid Waste Management
Geotechnical Materials Testing Transportation Airports
Tunnelling & Trenches Technologies Transportation Bridges

Industrial Site Development and support Transportation Roads/Streets and Highways
facilities Transportation Pavement
Municipal Infrastructure Rehabilitation Transportation Rail
Municipal Residuals Management Transportation Terminals
Municipal Linear Infrastructure Urban Land Development Engineering
Table 1 – Civil Infrastructure Project Examples
These Guidelines endeavour to set a General checklists are included to help

benchmark for all parties. Careful identification of define the process for ‘civil work’ projects. These
the client brief and needs, together with advice by checklists are not intended to be taken as definitive
consultants to the clients on the most advantageous solutions to the design process and should not be
outcomes, are important ancillary functions regarded as a replacement for detailed briefs,
that should be linked to these Guidelines. The carefully developed in open consultation between
document does not provide details or checklists client and service providers.
for sustainable design or business integrity, both
key planks of FIDIC’s approach to consultancy. The intent is that they be tailored to the
Please refer to the relevant FIDIC Documents appropriate level of project complexity and
for information, guidance and support in these service agreed with the client. Tick boxes have
matters. It also does not dwell on the variety of been provided for easy definition of scope. The
tools, methods and design techniques such tick boxes can be used to define the service
as BIM or infrastructure information modelling directly related to the design process. They will be
for civil work, because such tools are related to updated from time to time to reflect best industry
methodology not scope. practice.
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1.2 Background
Quality design and design documentation being a common understanding of the design
are critical to the success of any project. Civil work process. Greater expertise as well as more
is no exception. Facilities today are much more detailed, frequent and broader transmission of
complex in all facets, including form, structure, communications is required to help coordinate
and function. Elements are much more tightly a team approach to critical design elements
designed than in the past. This has resulted in a and application of expertise during the design
situation where typical details often do not apply to process.
large portions of the project.
Design documents provide decisive ties
The time frame for delivering projects has between all parties in a design and construction
also reduced significantly in recent years. All project. These guidelines, accessible to a wide
stages of the programme have reduced, from the audience of civil design engineers, and their
design phase through to the completion of the professional colleagues, will provide direction
project, putting increased pressure on all players. for design focus, checklists for the level of
Due to increased complexities, there are now documentation appropriate for each project, and
more disciplines involved in planning, design and a foundation for continual future improvement.
construction. Project success depends on there
1.3 How To Use The Guidelines

The guidelines can be used to define consultant to work with the owner and team to
responsibilities of the various parties throughout essentially define project type and determine
the project phases). The level of service provided level of civil technical, project management and
by a consultant or designer could be curtailed organizational input, and confirm participation
at any of the stages. The parties identifying their in all aspects of civil work for onsite and offsite
process would then use this same framework to so there is no scope duplication or gaps. There
carry out the remaining steps in a coordinated are about fifteen categories of scope to be
manner to achieve an effective design. reviewed with the client and each has numerous
sub-categories. Appendix C1 is intended to be the
The document has appended four scope definition support document to establish
separate categories of civil project activity. Input Civil Engineering Elements.
from specialist designers will also need to be
effectively coordinated within the design team. Appendix C2 Civil Engineering
Separate guidelines have not been created infrastructure covers the numerous project types
for these specialists. Appendices C1 to C4 listed in Table 1 and briefly described in Section
will serve as support documentation for basic 2.2 Civil Infrastructure Project Types.
technical scope, and the broad category of civil
infrastructure as well as two prevalent project Appendix C3 has been developed
types: Development projects and shallow utility specifically for urban community development civil
project elements, which are likely to be a part of engineering and Appendix C4 for shallow utilities
most civil infrastructure development and other such as natural gas and underground electrical
projects, have been separated because they may power, street lighting and communication.
be undertaken by the utility company or other Although civil work in nature, these tend to be
entity than the consulting civil engineer. owned and operated by private companies other
than the municipality or government enterprise
Appendix C1 Technical checklists is for the responsible for the sanitary, storm water and
Civil engineering project manager / coordinating roadway systems.
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1.4 The importance of coordination in the design process

The thorough coordination of design The Checklists are generic and not
documents between disciplines is considered exhaustive. Therefore, design teams are
to be the most important issue confronting the encouraged to engage the project team in a
consulting engineering industry around the world. process of regular, transparent and ongoing
These guidelines emphasize the need for a formal communications that should result in dynamic
process of coordination of the information each checklists to suit the needs of each project.
discipline provides at the completion of each
design phase. They will also serve as a support The need for coordination extends
tool to achieve that. into the Construction Phase, where roles and
responsibilities for this work must be clearly
Sample Coordination Checklists have defined. This is important because it is a form of risk
been developed and assembled to assist the mitigation for projects. As illustrated in the following
design practitioner. They are generally based figure, there are five formal levels in the hierarchy
on the civil engineer having the role of design of controls. Definition of scope as described in this
coordinator, notwithstanding the fact that this role document provides the opportunity to recognize
may be undertaken by the consultant or any party risk and either eliminate it, substitute or develop
commissioned to do so. It must be emphasised and implement engineering controls to at least
that all design disciplines have a responsibility for isolate people from the hazard.
design coordination.
ti
Hierarchy of Controls
ti
ti ti
Engineering
ti
PPE ti
ti
Figure 2 Hierarchy of Controls
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1.5 Impact of the Procurement Methodology on Consultant Services

The input of the designers into the procurement approaches but rather to point out
construction procurement methodology and the that the client-consultant relationship will vary
construction itself, are important in the quest for from method to method, and the impact on scope
better civil projects. On some complex projects needs to be established early in the services
it may be appropriate to engage specialist definition process.
consultants in the procurement process. See also
the FIDIC Procurement Procedures Guide 2011. For example, in design-build and PPP
situations, the role of the engineer is less typical
The determination of construction and may need to be specifically defined in
contract procurement and conditions of contract, the client-consultant professional services
methodology of pricing or tendering, and agreement. Consulting engineers may choose
execution of those contracts, should be defined the owner’s engineer role or agree to work for the
at an early stage of the design process, so that contractor. In general, these two roles vary greatly.
documentation can be arranged accordingly. For the owner on a design build project, the goal
There are various project delivery methods, is to prepare a Terms of Reference (TOR) so
client-contractor-consultant relationships, scope that consulting services are focussed on project
apportionment, risk distribution, and a different role definition, conceptual or preliminary design and
or level of consultancy service that accompanies advisory services.
each.
For the contractor, the detailed design
Common construction industry terminology services of a different consulting engineer are fast
such as conventional, design-bid-build, paced construction detail oriented, with a minimum
construction management, public-private level of documentation to facilitate construction
partnership (PPP), request for proposals, call for in accordance with the TOR. In each case, the
tenders, alliance contracting and partnering are consulting engineer is loyal to the entity that has
all relevant in many places around the world, and engaged them. An overview of the different client
the methods that this terminology refers to are type possibilities and corresponding services is
in common use. Again, this document does not provided in the following paragraphs.
aim to inform the user of the intricacies of these
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Project Delivery Method Consulting Opportunities Service Elements
1) Conventional Client-1: Project owner • Project planning,

• Design brief formulation,
• Design, cost plan and programme,
• Contract preparation,
• Tender documentation,
• Calling of tenders,
• Construction supervision, etc.
2) Design build Client-1: Project owner • Project planning,
• Formulation of a design brief,
• Cost plan and programme,
• Construction supervision, etc.
Client-2: Design build • Preparation and Defence of Bid Design
contractor (as designer) during the bid phase,
• Detailed Design and Certification of
Construction during the execution phase.
Client-3: Design build • Certificate of Design,
contractor (as independent • Quantity survey,
quality firm) • Engineering site supervision,
• Contract administration.
3) Public-Private Client-1: Public body/project • Project planning,
partnership (PPP) sponsor • Possible delivery method,
• Basic design,
• Calling of tenders, etc.
Client-2: Project Company / • Project planning,
concessionaire • Possible delivery method,
• Design,
• Construction supervision, commissioning,
operation and maintenance advisory, etc.
Client-3: Design and build • Preparation and Defence of Bid Design
contractor during the bid phase,
• Detailed Design and Certification of
Construction during the execution phase.
Client-4: Investor / Lender / • Project evaluation,
Insurer • Technical review of documents/drawings
provided by project company,
• Progress monitoring and evaluation,
• Project cost and payment checking
Table 2 – Consultant Scope Variations by Project Delivery Method
Alternate procurement processes will alliancing, may appear to be unique but are for the
not reduce the civil engineering elements that most part a variation of the three basic methods
need to be delivered. Scope elements will likely described above. FIDIC has various guides
be distributed differently. Some project delivery relating to alternative forms of project delivery.
methods like construction management or
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1.6 How do the guidelines relate to management of the design process?
Design management may be undertaken One example of this relates to the site
by the design consultants, client, project manager, dimensioning and survey. One of the keys to a
contractor or specialist design manager. Because successful project is good control and “set-out”
of the varied nature of how project teams are of all dimensions in the documentation. On some
structured, the task of design management is projects the engineer acts as principal consultant,
not addressed in these Guidelines. However, the taking responsibility for dimensions. Therefore, in
following comments are provided: the Schematic Design phase it is necessary to
define who is responsible for dimensions.
Design management may overlap with
some of the design processes listed in For more background and guidance on
the Guidelines, and include the direction how these Guidelines relate to management of the
of consultants, the chairing and recording design process and to agree on definition of scope
of minutes of regular project meetings, for projects led by civil, refer as appropriate to two
administration of the design delivery key invaluable FIDIC documents: Quality Based
programme, and managing information Selection (QBS) and Selection of Consultants.
flow to and from the client. These documents are available in the FIDIC
Responsibility for the design Bookstore online. (Reference Quality Based
management role needs to be confirmed Consultant Selection Guide, September 2011, and
and formalized at the start of the project Selection of Consultants, second edition 2013)
and the scope of this role either included
in the consultant’s service agreement or
defined separately.
1.7 “Value Management” Design Reviews

Value management (VM) reviews at the Generally VM reviews should be carried
appropriate stage(s) of the design process may out at the end of the Concept and/or Preliminary
assist in achieving successful projects. However, Design stages, where the design has been
reviews undertaken too late can be ineffective and coordinated between the design disciplines, and
adversely impact on programme and costs. The there is a consistent basis for a cost estimate. The
sketch below graphically illustrates the opportunity necessary revisions that are identified as part of
of early reviews. the VM review can then be introduced at the start
of the next design phase.
LIFE CYCLE STAGES

INCREASING EFFECT ON PROJECT
7. Procurement Contractor
3. Schematic/Preliminary
1. Deﬁnition of Services
2. Concept & Predesign
6. Permission/Permits
Facility Acceptance
10. Full Occupancy &

4. Developed Design
9. Commissioning &
Documentation
5. Construction
8. Construction
Utilization
Engagment
Ability to In e Construction Cost

ﬂue ulativ
nce
al Cum Overall Project
Tot Cost Includes:
- Operation
- Maintenance
- Refurbishment
- Decommissioning
PROJECT
CONTRACTOR
TIME
Project Design & Development Project Utilization
3-5% of Costs 90-95% of Costs
ABILITY TO INFLUENCE PROJECT OUTCOME

Figure 3 - Impact of Value Management (VM)
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1.8 Sustainability Management – environmentally sustainable design

Sustainability and energy efficiency Sustainability, which includes environment,
concerns are rapidly becoming commonplace in all economic, water, materials, energy, health
areas of construction and design. All consultants, and safety, and social priorities, should be
and particularly designers, should ensure that a prominent element of any project and an
they understand the client’s sustainability focus overarching principle under which everything
and the statutory requirements. They should then else happens. More background can be found
be involved in setting sustainability and energy at: http://fidic.org/node/5805. These guidelines
efficiency targets. are also recommended as an ideal tool for a
robust discussion between client and consultant
FIDIC is a key promoter of sustainability and in determining the sustainability priorities for
supports the professional design consultant in a particular client or community. Additional
understanding what he or she can do to become background can be found at http://fidic.org/
a lead advisor to society in facing climate change other-resources/sustainability/sustainable-infras-
and turning challenges into opportunities. FIDIC tructure
also has well-established guidelines in this area
to help avoid climate change and to infrastructure
performance in the event of severe events.
1.9 Safety
Considering safety up front during the Designers should also be aware of the
design process can have a positive impact on hierarchy of risk control – eliminate,
the safety of the construction process and on the isolate, minimise – that underpins the
long term safe use, operation and maintenance of modern approach to health and safety
the completed facility. Efficiencies can be gained management. If possible, alter the
through fewer injuries and less down time, better design to avoid the risk or, where this is
communication and coordination, resulting in a not reasonably practicable, follow the
more effective and efficient design and building remainder of the hierarchy of risk control
programme. FIDIC Documents are available and process.
should be referenced. Identify, communicate and mitigate
Designers should aim to: potential risk aspects to local community
Identify significant and unusual health The contractor controls the means
and safety hazards relevant to the and method of construction and is normally
design, and consider how the facility may responsible for managing health and safety risks
be safely built, operated, and maintained; during the construction of a project. All those
involved in design and construction, need to be
Consider the risk from those hazards
aware of their obligations under local “Health &
which may arise as a result of the design;
Safety” legislation.
1.10 Integrity Management

FIDIC has published documents related regulatory environments, ranging from those
to integrity management and is a firm believer in countries with rigorous anti-corruption laws,
in the importance of integrity in consulting and to those in countries that have poor oversight
construction, and in the procurement of those or regulations, FIMS provides a framework of
services. The Guidelines are known as the functional criteria or requirements that helps
FIDIC Integrity Management System (FIMS) Part channel energies towards management and
I Policies and Principles and Part II Procedures. mitigation of bribery and corruption risks that may
“Recognizing that consultants operate in different be encountered in related business environments”.
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2 CIVIL ENGINEERING ELEMENTS
AND CIVIL INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECT TYPES
These Best Practice Guidelines aim to provide a reasonable description of elements for the scope
of the Civil Engineering Consultant’s work in as many situations as possible, either leading or supporting
other engineering disciplines through the many aspects and phases of a ‘typical’ commission.
2.1 Civil Elements

Civil elements found on most projects authorities regarding offsite capacity in mains.
are critically important to establishing a sound Flow and pressure are both important. Offsite
technical scope and may include: hydraulic network analysis may be necessary.
New accessible fire hydrants may be required on
2.1.1 Site investigation – technical and or offsite. Confirm with Fire Marshall, collaborate
environmental site assessment, site cut fill material with internal fire suppression systems designer,
balance, geotechnical investigation, capacity of and design adequate turning radii for emergency
adjacent utilities, susceptibility to flooding, and response vehicles.
access.
2.1.7 Access roads –Traffic entry points
2.1.2 Site grading – establish site grades to site and physical attributes of access roads
to suit the development, neighbouring streets and including width, embankment, sub-grade
adjacent features, calculation of earth quantities preparation, base, asphalt or concrete surface,
and assistance in establishing finished floor drainage required for roadway including catch
elevation(s) to facilitate functionality and barrier basins and storm water management. Analysis of
free access. impacts of additional traffic on adjacent roads and
2.1.3 Sanitary sewers - evaluate project new and existing intersections.
flow and demand calculations from other 2.1.8 Surface Parking – Receive number
disciplines, check zoning and capacity of of stalls required from architect, evaluate surface
off-site sewers to receive increased flows from treatments, layout, drainage, on-site storm water
the proposed development, and assess routing management, drive aisles, stall size, etc., Engage
options of onsite sanitary sewer connection. site electrical consultant for power distribution for
Determine elevations and constraints to draining block heaters, security and lighting. Ramp entry
by gravity. to underground or multi-level parking structures
2.1.4 Storm drainage – evaluate flow requires civil input.
calculations, check zoning and capacity of storm 2.1.9 Demolition and abandonment of
sewers off site to receive increased flow, assess existing utilities and structures is civil. It is generally
routing of storm connection. Determine elevations a civil responsibility to prepare demolition plans
and advise of constraints in draining by gravity. and specifications for safe, environmentally
Consider roof drains, onsite/yard drains, and friendly and energy sensitive removal and disposal
catch basins in access road. Note storm water of facilities.
management needs. Review requirement for low
impact development and sustainable design such 2.1.10 Excavation and Backfill - disposal
as LEED BREEAM, and a number of others. of contaminated, unsuitable and/or excess
material. Materials management plan, compaction
2.1.5 Storm water management – storm requirements, subsurface drainage (free-draining
water management will often be required to limit backfill materials, foundation drainage system).
peak storm runoff and ensure that the elevations Evaluation of economic availability of fill materials,
of new and existing infrastructure are above flood including aggregate, asphalt and concrete.
levels. A means of storage and/or reuse on site
will be required. Calculate predevelopment runoff 2.1.11 Temporary Erosion and Sediment
(natural state) and compare with post development Control (ESC) – Temporary ESC is critical during
caused by increased imperviousness. construction. Include complete site analysis in
concert with earth moving and prime contractor
2.1.6 Water supply for domestic use, who control the site and activity, including
fire protection and process – check with monitoring during construction
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2.1.12 Erosion and Sediment Control 2.1.14 Social and Economic Impacts
- Permanent, designed and constructed for – Public consultation to identify and mitigate
the long term possibly considering low impact impacts on the local population of the new project,
development concepts, silt fences in drainage including its construction. This element can
channels, catchbasin protection, straw wattles, include seeking means to offer collateral benefits
and other techniques. to the neighbours and users of the project.
2.1.13 Site Development – Prepare site 2.1.15 Value Engineering – In the
layout, site entrances, walkways, etc., include interests of offering clients the best value for their
effective connection points, avoid entrances at investment, consultants should offer life-cycle
busy corners, incorporate site drainage which costing, constructability, and creative design
may include storm water management facilities, alternatives as fundamental services.
Utility layout to avoid conflict.
2.2 Project Types

vehicles, raw material receiving, and special waste
Civil engineering expertise is generally and product storage and delivery.
applied to a broad range of civil infrastructure and
other projects: 2.2.2. Civil Input for Transportation
Projects
2.2.1. Civil Projects for Water
Related Infrastructure Highways and Arterial Roads - modelling
and planning, alignment, land acquisition,
Linear Deep Services – trunk sewers, earth balance, roadbed design, drainage,
feeder water mains, storm sewer mains, planning asphalt, concrete, corridor acquisition, tunnels,
documents such as hydraulic network analysis interchanges, trip origin and destinations,
for water systems, neighbourhood design reports mudslide and snow avalanche planning and
for sanitary sewer capacities and storm water protection.
management.
Transportation access management, surface
Water / Waste Water Treatment Facilities parking and parking structures, retaining walls,
– hydraulics, treatment process, flow channels, slope and rock stabilisation, lighting, signal, sound
inlets, outlets, odour control, deep well construction wall, signage and paint marking design, and safety
techniques, flood plain analysis, design for engineering
desirable flow characteristics. Develop plant
capacity strategies, maximize efficiency of Airports – site and facility development
processes and participate in key aspects such as for specialized air transportation, runways and
water source development, pumping, valving and taxiways, high volume passenger pedestrian and
reservoirs for recycling and discharge. vehicle handling, baggage handling, security,
signage, maintenance facilities.
Rehabilitation o f a g i n g a n d / o r
underperforming existing infrastructure in Light / Heavy Rail – stations, alignments,
densely populated areas requiring temporary foundations, track, drainage, spill containment,
customer connections, traffic diversion and overpasses, underpasses, at-grade crossings,
control, trenchless technologies and surface passenger access, stations, urban utility and road
restoration. relocations, lighting, communications, signals,
signage and other aspects.
Solid Waste Management and treatment
utilizing recycling facilities, food waste management Bridges over waterways, valleys,
and waste collection programmes compatible with transportation corridors, and railways need
long-term sustainability strategies, composting of specialist and civil engineering input. In
bio-solids from waste water treatment processes, categories such as water resources, flood level
waste conveyance by pipeline or specialty calculations, support locations, carrier pipes,
15
lighting, environmental, approach roadways, municipal systems and access, water supply and
and construction techniques that results in safe arrangement to facilitate effective emergency
erection, assembly and implementation. measures response.
Marine Infrastructure - Design of ports, 2.2.4 Development Projects
ferry terminals and materials handling facilities,
including intermodal infrastructure for road and Residential housing infrastructure and
rail. utilities in greenfield circumstances yielding
multiple single family lots or single multiple family
2.2.3. Civil work for Industrial lots, with many infrastructure types, complete
Projects with off-site utilities as required. Each residential
development project will require access road
Industrial pipelines depend on the type design, mass transit, storm sewers and storm
of product being conveyed and pressures being water management, sanitary sewers, water supply
utilized and mostly include: foundations, access and distribution, power, street lighting, natural
roads, drainage, multiple pumping stations, spill gas distribution, and either fibre optics or copper
containment, road, rail and water crossings, wiring for telecommunications.
public consultation, and regulatory approvals,
all in response to risk assessment and mitigation Health Care Facilities such as hospital,
tactics. major clinic or medical research facilities that may
have unique isolation requirements, need for air
Mining – geotechnical / civil engineering ambulance access, higher water use demands,
for interpretation, planning, mine design, site special waste management and other systems or
development to suit heavy equipment for features related to medical services.
raw material or ore extraction traffic flows,
materials processing, equipment maintenance Educational Facilities with their unique
facilities primarily for rural and remote locations, requirements and building development projects
environmental approvals for tailings, tailings require civil services for support to aspects being
facilities management and design, and waste dealt with by the architect and other disciplines.
disposal. Site development is a key component. The level of
civil effort required will depend, to some extent, on
Refineries - Site development for refineries where the proposed building project is situated.
and other industrial purposes, raw material Civil engineering aspects of a building project
input and treatment, disposal and outflow generally include essential input to the initial site
of environmentally sensitive and potentially selection study in support of the design team
hazardous materials. Also include air quality disciplines.
management and emissions controls, site
drainage for spill containment, pre-treatment
of waste water effluent prior to discharge to
2.3 Civil Complexities

To begin creating a useful definition of large component of off-site capacity confirmation
services, it is important to understand the elements required and issues in providing access that
that are described as civil engineering (section would need to be dealt with before site servicing
2.1 above) in relation to the project needs being can take place effectively.
considered; possibly described in section 2.2.
These two descriptions are not all-inclusive. Other This definition of services guideline for
major, unique aspects, that deal with complexities, civil does not include the scope for any of the
may also demand significant civil input. This may architectural or engineering disciplines used
be as straightforward as recognizing that there are in designing internal building systems. Other
three key categories of servicing when it comes to engineering disciplines, such as mechanical,
providing infrastructure for a new family dwelling; undertake design of the internal building systems
off-site, on-site and connection. There may be a and bring interior connections to the building
foundation, usually one meter. Site civil engineering
16
would be responsible to provide services from the all-included in a fixed-fee overall price. For larger
point where they are left at the building to the main civil requirements, the work could be contracted
off-site services in the nearest public right-of-way. separately on a unit-rate basis. Civil services
may support the architectural team with contract
The civil engineering discipline will often documentation and specification sections.
be responsible for coordinating site development
requirements of other disciplines. On a building Many civil projects require specialist
development project, for example, the civil design input, often drawn from different consulting
engineer is required to liaise with the architect practices. The design specialists may include
as well as mechanical, electrical, structural geotechnical, mechanical, electrical, process and
and other disciplines, and provide advice and others:
guidance on aspects described above. Providing
1) Planners
civil support for a site development project in a 2) Geographers
greenfield situation would be different than doing 3) Civil Sub-discipline Engineers
so in a built-up urban area where existing off-site a. Municipal
b. Environmental
infrastructure may need upsizing, rehabilitation c. Earthworks
or renewal, just to support the new development. d. Hydraulic
Also, in a rural context, there will likely be a greater e. Structural
f. Traffic
project specific need for all civil infrastructure, g. Transportation
including deep and shallow services, roads, h. Linear Infrastructure
parking and traffic signals. i. Bridge
j. Pavement
4) Communications Specialists
A basic civil drawing set may include: 5) Scientists
1. Cover Sheet 6) Security & Fire Safety Staff
7) Acoustic / Noise Abatement Engineers
2. Key Plan 8) Wind Specialists
9) Architects
3. Existing Topography and Existing 10) Cost or Economic Evaluation Specialists
Utilities – Off-site 11) Public Consultation Specialists
12) Other
4. Proposed Utilities – On-site
5. Demolition Plan
6. Excavation And Backfill Table 3 - Possibilities for Specialist Design Input
7. Utility Layout
8. Grading Civil Infrastructure projects are complex
9. Surface Improvements – On-site in all facets, so many elements need to be closely
10. Erosion and Sediment Control coordinated and tightly designed. There is a need
11. Utility Details--Storm, Sanitary, Water for detailed documentation and many interface
issues. In addition to clear scope and definition
12. Roadway Details
of services, the quality of design documentation
13. Pavement Plan, Line-marking and and coordination is crucial to the success of any
Signage civil engineering project. Input from specialist
14. Power and Street Lighting designers must be effectively coordinated with the
15. Communications design team.
16. Natural Gas Supply Separate guidelines have not been created
17. District Heating for these specialist consultants, as their work
is normally coordinated by one of the Principal
The procurement of professional services
design consultants. The Sample Coordination
could be by fixed-fee, unit rate, or time and
Checklists have been developed on the basis of a
materials, depending on the project size,
project manager having the primary role of design
amount of work, timing, schedule, and other
coordination, as this has traditionally been the
factors, and should keep in mind the value of
case for most civil infrastructure projects. However
the overall services. Similarly, procurement of the
this is not always the case.
civil works could be construction management,
17
3. PHASES IN CIVIL INFRASTRUCTURE
DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION
There are several project delivery methods within a conventional design-bid-build civil
as previously outlined. The graphic below deals infrastructure project:
with only one; the phases of consultant services
3.1 Definition
of Services
3.9 Post-
3.2 Pre-Design
Construction
3.8 3.3 Preliminary

Construction Design
Civil
Infrastructure
Construction
Phases
3.7 3.4 Developed

Procurement Design
3.6
3.5
Development
Construction
Permit
Documentation
Application
Figure 4 - Civil Infrastructure Construction Phases
3.1 Definition of Services Phase

This phase is about determining the Determine Scope of Works (and method
scope of the consultant’s work and agreeing to by which scope may be varied), purpose,
the terms and conditions of the engagement. goal and vision of the client.
Scope will vary depending on project delivery Establish Procurement strategy.
method. Selection of the consultant should be
quality-based. Quality-Based Selection (QBS) is Establish project delivery method.
recommended by FIDIC. This involves a formal or Agree on Definition of Services [or
informal Request for Proposal (RFP) process. brief] (i.e. by using this document)
and exclusions and process for scope
In this phase key players (owner, prime, variation.
and sub-consultants) agree not only on the
project scope but also on the appropriate Agree on scope and relevant timing of
limits of liability and expectations relating to services to be provided directly by client.
E&O (Errors and Omissions). This may require Discuss with client (and document when
information relating to the issues listed below. An possible) expectations and definition
experienced and knowledgeable owner/client of both quality of services and project
will often predetermine a number of these items. works.
QBS encourages involvement of the consultant
Agree and define the sustainability
in determining scope which opens the door for
priorities to be employed on the project.
professional engineering advice in the earliest
stages of project definition. This phase would Agree and define Integrity Management
ideally include: Protocols (IMP).
18
Identify sub-consultants if any, and List information to be supplied by the

outline scope. client.
Determine that consultant team includes List deliverables to be supplied by
all competencies required. the consultant (reports, drawings,
Agree on Conditions of Engagement specifications, calculations, compliance
– note that The FIDIC White Book statements, translations, etc.).
is recommended for all consultant Agree on programme (or schedule) for
engagements. These Guidelines apply services.
to many types and forms of engagement Demand evaluation study (if done
conditions. in this phase, it would normally be
Agree on Limit of Liability (for prime carried out by the client or by separate
consultant and sub-consultants) and list engagement).
any liability exclusions (e.g. asbestos, Agree on fee basis and method of fee
contamination and radiation). variation and payment schedule.
Define insurance and indemnification Outputs: Engagement of consultant(s) /
necessities. Signed Professional Services Agreement.
3.2. Pre-Design Phase including Land Acquisition

This phase generally needs to be iterative Planning Constraints Evaluation.
with the process of land acquisition. It is about Regulatory Framework Evaluation i.e.
setting up the parameters for the project and may reviews of laws, statutes, by-laws and
involve: regulations that may impact upon the
Advice and Consultation. project. This may include first contact
with consent authorities to seek
Technical Investigation and Analysis.
guidance/rulings on technical/planning
Planning - Development and adoption of requirements.
a Master Plan.
List of consents and permits that will be
Legal Boundary Survey. required and time frames.
Site Evaluation/procurement. Agreement with client on appropriate
Topographical Survey. form of project delivery (contractor
procurement).
Survey of existing facilities.
Preliminary estimates (+/- 30% or higher
Preliminary/desktop Geotechnical Study
for complex work).
[or preliminary investigation].
Outputs: Reports, schematics, layouts
Environmental Status Assessment.
and/or location sketches.
Heritage/archaeological Assessment.
19
3.3. Schematic / Preliminary Design Phase

Alternative Name – Concept Phase
The Schematic / Preliminary Design Phase This phase is likely to focus on the following
generally involves the application of a design idea civil elements:
to the practical implementation of the desired
Site-specific investigation of geotechnical
capital project. It’s is the phase where sufficient
contamination, etc.
design concepts are developed for the client and
(sometimes) regulatory authorities. This phase will Evaluation of alternatives.
permit the feasibility of a project, development Environmental Impact Assessment.
potential of a site, or the selection of one particular
Preliminary Review of utility supply
conceptual approach over others for the client to
capacity – power, gas, telecoms, water,
pursue. Also it may be used to define or verify the
waste water – and access road capacity.
project brief - see Appendix A - and may often
involve testing of different approaches/options. Surface Water Management / drainage.
Preliminary sizing of primary/key civil
During this phase, ideas (schemes/
elements.
concepts) are developed through open interaction
between team members to establish key design Description/outline of secondary civil
elements. It will commonly include further elements.
refinement of preferred concept(s) to facilitate Pre-consent Application meetings with
testing against inputs from team members such as the regulatory authorities.
cost estimates, benefit evaluations and regulatory
feedback. It may provide sufficient information for Review Against Brief.
communication of the design concept to a third Value Engineering Review.
party for initial financing, marketing or consultation Preliminary Risk Assessment.
purposes. During this phase, project concepts
become firm schemes, where the sizes of spaces Estimates on a unit price e.g. square
and facilities are defined and coordinated between metre rate basis.
the design disciplines. Resolution of individual Outputs: Design features report,
details that do not impact on the key elements are preliminary drawings, estimates,
normally left for the next phase. It may constitute risk identification report, planning/
between 20-35% of the total design effort. environmental consent applications.
At the end of this phase, the project should be
clearly defined. The design is commonly referred
to as being frozen at this stage to allow further
work to be made to the fundamental concept,
without any changes. Regulatory, planning and/
or environmental approvals (as distinct from
technical compliance) are typically applied for at
the completion of this phase. Note that regulatory
approvals refer to applying for consent from the
relevant authority – central government, local/
regional government, environmental agency,
etc. This may cover use, bulk and location,
appearance, environmental effects, traffic
assessment, public health assessment, etc. Note
that some may consider that Planning Consent
Application should be an additional phase.
20
3.4 Developed Design Phase

Alternative Name - Design Development
This is the phase where the scope of Detailed-risk assessment.
all design components is clearly defined and Preliminary peer review i.e. if the design
coordinated. This may involve production of is being checked by an independent
detailed information along with sketch details of all engineer, then at this point, the following
significant components and their interrelationships. may be reviewed: engineering concept,
This phase is where each technical expert load/process path, analysis/computer
prepares documentation to define the scope of all model, etc.
project elements. Major input is required from all
designers on the team. It may constitute between Highlight and address Health & Safety
60-65% of the total design effort. issues for the future occupants and those
who will service and maintain the facility.
The completion of this phase is a critical Estimates on a quantity or elemental
point in a project. Its scope is fully defined. As basis.
a result, cost estimates can be prepared on
an elemental basis. This part usually provides Outputs: Updated design features report
satisfactory information for the client/user to clearly 60% drawings, specifications, list of
understand the aesthetics and functionalities of elements where scope has not been fully
the project as well as its facilities. identified elsewhere in the document,
estimates, updated risk identification
On some projects the Developed report, etc.
Design documentation is issued for technical
compliance, development consent and/or profit
and overhead tender. Coordination between the
design disciplines and thorough scope definition
is therefore crucial at the end of this stage.
This phase may comprise:
Analysis/design in all disciplines of
primary/key elements.
Detailed review of utility supply capacity
– electricity, gas, telecoms, water, waste
water.
Plans and elevations of primary/key
elements.
Drawings of typical and key details.
Analysis of generic secondary elements.
Drawings showing scope/extent of
secondary elements.
Generic elemental specifications.
Element definition to be covered by
proprietary design [design and/or shop
drawings by contractor].
Cross-discipline coordination.
Review Against Brief.
Testing against serviceability and ultimate
limit state [or overload] requirements.
Value Engineering Review.
21
3.5 Construction Documentation Phase

Alternative Names - Detailed Design / Working Drawings / Contract Documents
Detailed Design (Construction Performance-based specifications for
Documentation or Working Drawings) usually elements to be covered by proprietary
provides a level of documentation that clearly design [or design by contractor].
defines the design, specification and extent of all Full cross-discipline coordination.
elements. The design should be comprehensively
coordinated with all disciplines. The consultant’s Review Against Brief.
documentation should be considered 100% Testing against serviceability and ultimate
complete. However, the documents produced limit state [or overload] requirements.
in this phase may not directly be able to be built Final peer review.
from (i.e. “shop drawings” may be required from
the contractor). Update risk assessment.
Highlight significant and unusual health
Changes to anything but detail at this stage
& safety issues that are likely to affect
are very disruptive and expensive, and often
construction sequence.
result in further problems as, by now, the project
has become very complex and it is hard to identify Pre-tender estimates.
all the ramifications of changes. Detailed Design Estimate of construction programme.
documentation is most commonly used to obtain
Outputs: Updated design features
a tender for the construction of the works and is
report, Construction drawings and
usually used to establish regulatory compliance
specifications, updated estimates,
(with codes, standards, bylaws, statutes, etc.).
updated risk identification report,
Civil will focus on the following elements for technical documentation for tenders,
this phase: documentation for building consent
[or permit] plus calculations where
Final analysis/design of all elements in all
appropriate, certificates of design
disciplines,.
compliance [or Producer Statements,
Plans, elevations and details of all Design Certificates] including Peer
elements, sufficient to fully define the Review reports.
scope, quality and the design intent.
Full trade specifications.
3.6 Development Permit Application Phase

This phase involves obtaining regulatory This phase may include:
approvals, typically from local or central
Preparation of development permit forms
government agencies for technical compliance
and payment of fees.
issues. These technical approvals may be in the
form of development permits. Regulatory planning Submission of drawings, specifications,
/environmental consent/ permit is normally applied calculations and design certificates.
for at the completion of phase 3 – Schematic / Review of the design by a peer reviewer.
Preliminary Design Phase. In some jurisdictions,
Response to queries raised by the
permission may be sought at the completion of
regulatory authority or by a peer reviewer.
phase 4 – Developed Design. This may still be too
early for some types of projects and will depend Modification to the design or
on the extent of compliance documentation documentation at the request of the
necessary. regulatory authority to incorporate
consent conditions.
Outputs: Development approval.
22
3.7 Construction Procurement Phase

Alternative Names - Contract Award / Bidding / Tendering / Negotiation
There are a number of alternative Specification of insurance conditions,
delivery methods as described in Section 1.5. programme (construction schedule),
This discussion on procurement is based on quality plan requirements, Health &
conventional design-bid-build, which is one of Safety plan requirements, etc.
these methods. For this approach to procurement, Specification of Integrity Management
this phase involves preparation of contractual Protocols.
bidding or tendering documents and the calling
and letting of contracts for the construction Pre-qualify tenderers/bidders.
works. In projects where alternative procurement Calling of tenders.
strategies are utilized (Design-Build, Public-Private Evaluation of tenders, including design
Partnerships, Alliancing and other variants) the alternatives.
Prime Contractor may have been engaged earlier
in the process. In any event, detailed trade pricing Negotiation with preferred bidder(s).
is likely to occur at this stage. Recommendation of tender acceptance
to client.
Often, this phase may include:
Signing of contract documents.
Partitioning the works to discrete contract
packages. Outputs: Construction contract with
successful general and sub-contractors.
Preparation of contract documents
(Conditions of Tendering, Conditions of
Contract, Preliminary and General, etc.).
3.8 Construction Phase

Alternative Names - Contract Administration (CA) / Construction Monitoring
During this phase the physical works Work by the civil consultant may include:
are built and the consultant is involved in some
Construction monitoring/review of quality
form of quality-control monitoring or construction
and consistency with design.
observation (inspection). It is critical to define the
level of monitoring and to have tied it to the original Review of shop drawings and proprietary
definition of services of the consultant. There are design elements.
also ongoing design activities during this phase. Layout survey or confirmation of
contractor layout.
Construction Design is where the
requirements defined in Detailed Design Quantity assessment.
documents are integrated with changes that may Issuing of instructions, variations, change
occur during the tender and contract process, orders.
and with construction requirements such as site
Design of changes required by
conditions, proprietary and performance-based
unexpected conditions.
design elements, erection requirements and
fabrication of shop drawings to create the ones Valuation/negotiation of variations.
that can be directly built. (Notice that shop Certification for payment
drawings are produced by product suppliers
during this stage). Temporary Works Design is that Preparation of defects lists.
required to safely construct the project; falsework, Issuance of completion certificate.
formwork, shoring, hoardings, crane foundations,
traffic detours and the like.
Note that during this phase, documentation
is usually prepared by the contractor or under the
contractor’s control.
23
3.9 Post-Construction Phase

Alternative Names - Commissioning / Defects Liability / Project Control
This phase involves completion of the construction producer statements,
contract and verification of quality and scope. and preparation of operations and
Work for the consultant is likely to involve: maintenance manuals.
Settlement of final account. Collection and verification of warrantees
and guarantees.
Monitoring of the commissioning of plant
and equipment [this may also occur Obtaining compliance certification
during phase 8]. [Statutory Completion or Licence to
Occupy temporary and permanent] from
Installation of client’s Fixtures, Fittings
regulatory authority.
and Equipment [FF&E]
Ongoing maintenance period
Collection and review of as-built drawings
inspections.
Plan of Record (POR) and Operation &
Maintenance manuals. Final inspection and sign-off.
Collection of all verification Post services evaluation and feedback by
documentation, quality checklists, client (optional).
proprietary design certification,
24
Appendix A
THE CONSULTANT BRIEF
Defining the consultant’s scope of work

A guide for consultants and clients that is applicable to all types of projects
Introduction to achieve the optimum solution.

The consultant’s brief is a vital document Agreement
since it defines the relationship between the client
and the consultant in terms of the scope of work, Following both of the forms of scope
deliverables, the programme, and the contractual definition, the scope of services becomes an
relationship. integral part of an agreement for services, which
forms the contract between the client and the
All consultant commissions, even those that consultant (see FIDIC Client/Consultant Model
do not involve a formal selection process, require Services Agreement, 4th Edition, 2006).
a well-defined brief.
Key Requirements
A brief can be used for the calling of
competitive proposals. However, selection on The key requirements for the consultant’s
price alone will not result in the lowest overall cost brief are:
for a project. Client details
A well prepared brief will enable the Client contact details
consultant to submit relevant information on a Nature of client’s business
range of attributes (skills, relevant experience, Vision/objectives that the client has for
personnel, insurance coverage, etc.) that will the project
then allow the client to make a selection based on
quality (see FIDIC Guidelines for the Selection of Tenant/end user details (if different from
Consultants, 2nd Edition, 2012). the client)
Requirements for stakeholder
Scope of Services consultation
In broad terms, defining the scope of Confidentiality requirements
professional services can happen in one of two
Project details
ways.
Description of project
In the first form, a client may have a problem, Details of location, size and estimated
or at least may require a solution, the nature of cost or budget
which is unknown or is not defined at the time a
consultant is engaged. In this situation, a client Required outcomes
and consultant need to work together to define Levels of quality required
the scope and likely deliverables before fees are
Clearly defined scope of services for
agreed. In this scenario, it is highly unlikely that
each consultant
any attempt to select solely on the basis of the fees
for service would result in an optimum solution. Project team makeup
List of team members, e.g. client, project
In the second form, the client is usually manager, other
able to define quite precisely the scope, services
and deliverables required from a consultant. In consultants, sub-consultants, contractors
this situation, if the client can identify a consultant Organisation chart
or a number of consultants who will meet the
Responsibility matrix
requirements and expectations, then it may
be appropriate to include price as a selection Likely method of contractor procurement
attribute, provided that the scope of services and Technical brief
deliverables is completely defined. An informed The relevant standards to be used
client will appreciate that full service includes
consideration of alternatives and a refined design Particular requirements for the loading,
services, future flexibility, etc.
25
Appendix A
Particular requirements for durability and Project cost control (budget)

plant processes Method by which cost control will be
Requirements for internal/external peer measured and managed
reviews Value Management processes
Particular or unusual site conditions Relative priority of capital expenditure
(environmental sustainability or project versus operating cost
sustainability management) requirements
Cost reporting procedures
Relevant statutory requirements (if not
Information to be supplied by the client
obvious)
Pre-project studies
Requirement to reuse existing plant/
equipment/materials Survey/title information
Project staging and programme Geotechnical information
Breakdown of design stages: Existing drawings
Schematic Design Phase (Phase 3) Client approval process
Developed Design Phase (Phase 4) Process by which client will progressively
Construction Documentation Phase approve the design during the
(Phase 5) documentation stages
Construction Phase (Phase 8) Scope/design variation
Timetable for delivery of documentation Process by which variations in the
consultant’s scope of work will be
Expected timing/programme of physical handled in terms of fee and programme
works
Risk management
Requirements for early occupation, partial
completion, etc. How risks will be identified
Impact on existing operations/occupants How risk will be managed and mitigated
Programme for consents and approvals Quality assurance

Level of quality assurance required
Attendance and reporting by the
consultant Requirement for a project-specific quality
Requirements for attendance at, and plan
reporting to, meetings (project control, Contractual issues
design coordination, construction/site, Conditions of engagement to be used
etc.)
Sub-consultant relationships
Requirements for attendance at workshops
Level of professional indemnity insurance
(design review, risk assessment, project
to be carried by the consultant
procedures, value management, etc.)
Limit of liability to be carried by consultant
Deliverables
Comprehensive lists of deliverables Level of public liability insurance to be
(reports, drawings, specification, etc.) carried by the consultant
List to include frequency/number of Basis of dispute resolution
issues and number of sets per issue Health and safety issues
Guidelines/benchmarks for the quality of Detail of site access and health and
project documentation safety issues during the design stages of
the project
Use of Electronic Deliverables
Required role/involvement by the
Construction monitoring
consultant in health and safety during the
Level/intensity of monitoring required (see construction stages
Appendix D)
26
Appendix A
Integrity management Fees

Required protocols for integrity Fee basis
management Time and disbursement
Selection criteria Percentage of total construction value
Quality Based Selection Percentage of discipline value
Direct negotiation Lump sum
Other Definitions of Normal and Additional
Levels of service Services
Full/partial Basis for project/fee variations
Quality/quantity of documentation
27
Appendix B
DETAILED TASK DESCRIPTIONS (CIVIL CONSTRUCTION)
The supplement FIDIC Definition of Task descriptions for the phases that do not
Services Guidelines (Civil Construction) – Detailed involve design are generic across all consultant
Task Descriptions to these guidelines gives disciplines. Sample checklists for these generic
sample checklists of task descriptions for the tasks are not given in the supplement.
four phases of building construction that involve
design, namely: Task descriptions for the key consultant
disciplines in other types of projects (building
3 Schematic Design Phase engineering / structural, HVAC, electrical, industrial
4 Developed Design Phase process plant) will be published separately.
5 Construction Documentation Phase While the nine project phases defined in

the FIDIC Definition of Services Guidelines (Civil
8 Construction Phase
Construction) reflect international consultation,
The checklists are intended to cover the these sample checklists should only be considered
list of civil engineering covered in section 1.1 of as examples. Moreover, there may be variations
the guidelines and briefly described in section to these services supplied in different countries,
2 as civil elements and project types including as well as variable definitions for these services,
drainage and sanitary systems, water supply so the sample checklists of task descriptions are
and distribution, water and wastewater treatment, best seen as guidelines.
solid waste management facilities, highways and
As examples, reproduced in this appendix
arterial roads, airport facilities, rail, bridges, marine
are the Detailed Task Descriptions for Civil
facilities, mining, refining and residential, industrial
Engineering.
and other development. They will also serve
as a basis for scope definition for rehabilitation
or renewal of civil infrastructure or aspects not
specifically mentioned.
Specialty consultancy services that may be added to the project team, as a requisite for any
given project may include:
BMS Geotechnical investigation

Disabled Access Materials testing
ELV Specialty Lighting Design
Fire and Life Safety Engineering Structural Parking Design
Infrastructure onsite/offsite Transportation (Horizontal / Vertical)
Landscape Architecture Water Feature Design
Irrigation Design Stormwater modelling
Design certification and submission for Estidama / Traffic Impact Study
LEED / LID Wind Tunnel Testing
Master Planning Snow Study
Specifications Cost Estimating / Quantity Surveyor
Submissions to Authorities for Approvals Environmental Impact Assessment
Signage and Way-finding Environmental Impact Study and Reporting
Telecommunications Sewage Treatment Plant Design
Food Service and Waste management Site Survey
Trash disposal process Establish survey control monuments
Healthcare Temporary Utility connections, roads and facilities
Education Design of District Cooling Plant
Residential Design of Stormwater management Facility
Recreational Play Systems Design of Fuel Farms
Commercial Sports Design of MV Substations, electrical HV
Renderings Design, works activities in relation to re-routing of
Economic Feasibility / market study Enhanced existing utilities
Commissioning Services
28
Appendix B
Civil Engineering
Phase 3: Schematic Design Phase (Civil Construction)
Design Process Deliverables
Inputs Drawings
Client brief, including budget & time schedule Sketch drawings
Survey information, including legal & physical Drawings outline primary features
Site Proposed primary layout
Development sketch concept drawings, Preliminary sizes of primary aspects
Offsite Utility Drawings Preliminary site layout
Preliminary fire engineering (where Indicative utility and roadway alignments
appropriate)
Outline system for secondary elements
Preliminary wind studies (where appropriate)
Outline durability/coating systems
Environmental Site Assessment
Indicative surface finish for exposed concrete
Preliminary geotechnical report, including
Critical details that may have significant cost
preliminary design parameters
implication
Design programme
Standard utility details
Site constraints, including planning & access
Proposed upgrading of existing utilities (where
issues
appropriate)
Conditions of consents
Existing building & site information/records Specifications
Outline specification of key Civil elements
Design
Specifications details on drawings where
Civil type & form appropriate
Site Development
Reports
Drainage
Sketch drawings where necessary within report
Water
Civil concept design brief, including flows and
Sanitary
access, projected demands and proposed
Shallow Utilities capacities
Access Key risks & assumptions
Storm water management Concept report outlines key issues & options
Identify options Special project features considered
concepts, e.g., large canopies Civil Design brief, including fire protection
Design co-ordination of key elements with Design features (options) report, with
other disciplines recommended option to take to developed
Identify responsibility for control & set-out of design
dimensions Identify responsibility for design Outline of elements not covered in preliminary
co-ordination & management if prime design drawings or design features report
Evaluate & select systems Define assumed construction methodology
Define site layout governing design (where appropriate)
Preliminary analysis to establish civil elements Highlight ‘significant’ buildability issues &
Define key serviceability criteria significant/unusual health & safety issues
arising from the development
Design co-ordination of key elements with
other disciplines
Preliminary assessment of existing features
29
Appendix B
Address durability requirements

Preliminary input to the process specialist
Identify high risk and/or cost elements in
development
Define key elements of offsite upgrades (if
required)
Define design parameters for utility systems
Consider buildability of proposed system,
including significant health & safety issues
during construction
For unusual aspects or existing structures
where stability may be affected by the
sequence of construction, consider significant
health & safety issues
Assess maintenance requirements of civil
components, including health & safety issues
Coordinate relevant design information
between disciplines
Comments
1 The Schematic Phase is often split into concept 7 Where appropriate carry out discussion
& preliminary phases on larger projects. with a ‘preferred’ contractor on construction
2 Costing on a historical unit rate basis or methodology.
preliminary elemental basis. 8 Consultation with the local authority is
3 Agree roles & responsibilities for all participants recommended on key aspects of the design
in project procurement process. that may be considered outside the ‘Acceptable
4 Discuss with the client requirements and Solution’ & unusual/contentious issues.
programme for client information and approvals. 9 Contribute to Value Management session, if
5 Establish project procedures for communication, required.
document issue, approvals, etc. Note that larger 10 Agree the scale of drawing deliverables for each
projects may have a project procedure manual phase according to project type.
or web-based document control systems.
6 Establish a design programme for key
milestones & deliverables including design team
coordination.
30
Appendix B
Civil Engineering
Phase 4: Developed Design Phase (Civil Construction)
Inputs Drawings
Client approval of preliminary design, including Drawings (1:1000 layout plans) defining all
ratification of the consultant’s Opinion of infrastructure alignment, size
Probable Cost Layout & size of civil facilities
Final Geotechnical report Generic details for typical primary elements
Final site servicing and access report such as manholes, hydrants, road cross
sections, sampling manholes, catchbasins,
Design
Typical connection details for primary elements
Determine sizes of all primary and most
Define elements covered by proprietary design
secondary civil elements
Erosion and sediment control
Agree serviceability performance criteria
with client (e.g., fire, access, storm runoff, Specifications
management, etc.)
Preliminary technical specifications, including
Civil input to architectural elements durability & serviceability issues
Confirm infrastructure capacity /demand with
the design team Reports
Incorporate likely construction requirements Updated design brief, including emergency
(where appropriate), including consideration access and fire protection requirements s
of significant/unusual health & safety issues Updated design features report, including
arising from the project serviceability & maintenance issues
Key demand support details for facility Define key risks & assumptions, including
maintenance systems environmental aspects, /buildability and
Coordinate relevant information with other significant/unusual health & safety issues.
disciplines List elements where the scope has not been
fully defined elsewhere in the documents
Comments
1 Separate primary elements from secondary for 4 Developed Design generally provides the level
clarity. of documentation to define the scope of all civil
2 Opinion of probable costs at can be produced elements.
at this stage using quantities and historical unit 5 Where appropriate, carry out discussions
rates analysis on an elemental basis, or by the with a ‘preferred’ contractor on construction
Quantity Surveyor utilizing typical details. methodology.
3 Design and documentation may be sufficiently
developed to lodge for regulatory approvals.
31
Appendix B
Civil Engineering
Phase 5: Construction Documentation Phase (Civil Construction)
Inputs Drawings
Client approval of completed developed Drawings defining all civil elements, including
design, including ratification of the Opinion of plans, elevations, sections, & details, with
Probable Cost. cross referencing.
Design Define all details by either defining local

standards or typical details or referencing to
Complete the design & coordination of all civil industry standard details or specifying forces
elements. for a propriety connection system.
Address serviceability & maintenance criteria Construction sequences & positions of control/
in the design highlight significant/unusual construction joints.
health & safety risks arising that were identified
through the design process (if any) Specifications
Add more tasks. Detailed specifications for each civil aspect
Performance specifications where appropriate,
including performance criteria for proprietary
design.
Method statements for critical construction
processes governing design.
Define deliverables from contractor, e.g.,
producer statements, shop drawings & testing
requirements.
Define required tolerances if different to
industry standards.
Comments
1 Detailed design generally provides a level of 6 The level of design detail shown on drawings
documentation to clearly define the design in this phase varies in the industry between
of all civil elements. Design details should be regions, project & procurement methodology. A
coordinated with other disciplines. However, major factor is the capability of the local building
the documents produced in this phase may not industry to efficiently provide the construction
directly be able to be ‘built’ from. phase documentation. The level of details
2 Reference the architectural plans or other outlined in these guidelines is appropriate
disciplines for other dimensions (unless agreed where the contractor has the skills & resources
otherwise). to efficiently provide construction phase
3 Design and documentation of secondary documentation. For some projects, a greater
architectural elements are generally shown on level of detailing may need to be produced by
the architect’s drawings; the structural engineer the design consultant. The appropriate level of
will have input where requested by the architect. detailing required should be agreed with the
client prior to the commencement of the project.
4 The contractor is responsible for managing
environmental health & safety risks during the 7 Define in appropriate specification the
construction phase. significant/unusual environmental, health &
safety risks arising from the structure identified
5 Civil drawings should dimension the main site
in the design.
layout reference points, critical elements, and
other aspects and features that are the direct
responsibility of the civil engineer.
32
Appendix B
Civil Engineering
Phase 8: Construction Phase (Civil Construction)
Inputs General
Construction programme & methodology, Drawings (including shop drawings and
including craneage or access restrictions rebar schedules) on an elemental basis,
Client approved (‘For Construction’) drawings including position, dimension, materials and
& specifications finish of all details, including relevant material
specifications (steel, timber, precast, etc.)
Design & performance requirements for
propriety elements Site management plans and/or method
statements defining the construction sequencing
Design and temporary erection requirements
Design of proprietary systems, e.g. sewage lift Details of the temporary civil works
station Revision of drawings, details and specifications
Detailed co-ordination required with other arising from contract agreement, building
disciplines, site conditions, proprietary consent and construction requirements
elements, erection requirements and shop
details Materials
Prepare construction sequence and temporary For non-standard conditions the following is to
erection be provided where applicable:
Liaise with the design and construction teams Pipe Materials
to coordinate any revisions to the detailed Bedding sand
design Backfill
Granular base course
Asphalt Concrete type and Mix design
Concrete specification for roads, walks, curb
and gutter.
Embedded items & penetrations defined and
located
Proprietary system layout drawings and
connection details
Review
Review shop drawings, technical specification
and construction method statement submissions
for consistency with detailed design
Comments
1 Before the commencement of construction 3 Final determination of some dimensions

drawings the following needs to be in place: may depend on the proprietary design of
contract details confirmed and tender accepted; elements. Such proprietary design may need
sub-contract agreements confirmed; and to be advanced to enable dimensions to be
owner-supplied components available. completed.
2 Deliverables contain sufficient details for 4 The contractor is responsible for managing the
elements to be manufactured/constructed environmental health and safety risks during
without reference to other documents, i.e., “the the construction phase and must prepare an
details have co-ordinated the relevant design Erosion and sediment control plan and report to
information across all disciplines and can be the authorities on a regular basis.
built from”.
33
Appendix C1
TECHNICAL SCOPE
Civil Engineering PM / Co-Ordinating Consultant

Confirm Technical Scope Commentary
Construction
Developed
Schematic
(Included
in scope)
Detailed
GENERAL CATEGORIES
Define project type and level of civil technical, project management and organizational input
Confirm project management organizational

aspects
Confirm participation in all civil for onsite and offsite (i.e. no scope duplication or gaps)
Onsite: Storm Drainage
Site Investigation
Site Grading
Sanitary Sewers
Storm Water Management
Water Supply and Distribution
Access Roads
Surface Parking
Demolition
Excavation and Backfill
Erosion and Sediment Control – Interim
Erosion and Sediment Control – Permanent
Site Development
Civil additional support to Architecture, Landscape

Architecture
Canvas all disciplines for servicing requirements
SUB-CATEGORIES
Site investigation –site assessment
Environmental
site cut fill material balance
geotechnical investigation
Record of capacity of adjacent utilities
susceptibility to flooding
34
Appendix C1
TECHNICAL SCOPE
Construction
Developed
Schematic
(Included
in scope)
Detailed
access
Civil aspects of development permit application
Site grading plan and setup
General layout and major overflow routes
Establish site grades to suit the development
Neighbouring streets
Adjacent features
Calculation of earth quantities
Assistance to architect to establish finished floor

elevation(s)
Facilitate functionality
Fine tune for barrier free access.
Offsite
Neighborhood planning and zoning
Environmental Impact Assessment
Major overland flow routes
Access
Traffic Impact
Sanitary Capacity
Storm Drainage Capacity
Water Distribution Hydraulic Network
Sanitary Sewers
Check for possibility of conflict with other utilities,

resolve to facilitate gravity flow
Check services risers are correct size required and
vertically align plan to plan
Storm Drainage - Storm water management required to limit peak storm runoff
Obtain and review local hydrology charts / data

package
Confirm and understand relevant design storms
35
Appendix C1
TECHNICAL SCOPE
Construction
Developed
Schematic
(Included
in scope)
Detailed
Undertake flow calculations and pipe sizing,
inverts, slopes
Calculate predevelopment runoff -natural state
Compare with post development caused by

increased imperviousness
Check for conflicts / potential conflicts
Advise relevant team members of constraints to

gravity flow
Confirm offsite capacity
Consider also roof drains, onsite yard drains, catch

basins, wick drains, trench drains,
Confirm size and fall of gutters, downpipes and
overflows with hydraulics engineer.
Establish peak flow constraint requirement for
retaining or detaining runoff for reuse
Calculate volume of storage required and
Explore on-site storage volume and physical

options
LID – low impact development and LEED
sustainability potential
Explore potential for water reuse on site for
irrigation, flushing
Check services risers are correct size required and
vertically align plan to plan.
Water supply for domestic use, fire protection and/or process
Check with authorities to confirm offsite capacity in

the mains
Flow rates – hydrant flow test
Pressure
Looping possibilities / need - two connection points
Offsite hydraulic network analysis may be

necessary
Accessible hydrants will need to be considered
New hydrants may be required on site
Confirm with Fire Marshall and/or fire protection

jurisdiction
Collaborate with internal fire suppression systems
designers
Design adequate turning radii for fire trucks and
other emergency response vehicles
36
Appendix C1
TECHNICAL SCOPE
Construction
Developed
Schematic
(Included
in scope)
Detailed
Access
Traffic entry points
Physical attributes of access roads
Decide width, minimum turning radii, geometric

standards
Structure – embankment, subgrade prep, base,
asphalt or concrete surface
Drainage required for roadway, catchbasin
locations, capacity
Meet the requirements of the Building Code and
disabled persons access.
Surface Parking
Number of stalls from building regulatory
Evaluate desired surface treatments
Layout, drive aisles, dimensions, stall size
Drainage
On-site stormwater management
Engage site electrical for power distribution to

block heaters, lighting, security,
For parking under buildings assess access
locations especially for multi-level
Structures
Demolition
Abandonment of existing utilities
Structures
Prepare demolition plans
Specifications
Safety
Environmentally friendly
Energy sensitive removal
Removal and disposal or reuse of facilities.
Documentation of appropriate disposal
37
Appendix C1
TECHNICAL SCOPE
Construction
Developed
Schematic
(Included
in scope)
Detailed
Excavation and backfill
Materials management plan
Recognition and disposal of contaminated material
Unsuitable and/or excess material
Compaction requirements
Geotechnical and materials testing expertise
Submit test results and sieve analyses
Subsurface drainage (free-draining backfill

materials)
Foundation drainage system
Suitable equipment
Dirt tracking cleanup plan
Erosion and Sediment Control – Temporary
Complete site analysis
Earth moving
Prime contractor
ESC is critical during construction
Silt fences
Drainage channels
Catchbasin protection
Straw wattles
Erosion and Sediment Control – Permanent
Long term
LID - low impact development concepts
Designed
As Constructed
Other techniques.
38
Appendix C1
TECHNICAL SCOPE
Construction
Developed
Schematic
(Included
in scope)
Detailed
Site Development
Check ground levels and contours
Prepare preliminary site layout
Confirm site entrances / avoid vehicular entrances

at busy corners
Pedestrian access and walkways
Cost effective connection points
Research local requirements and incorporate site

drainage
Locate and size storm water management facilities
Preliminary and final utility layout to avoid conflict

between utilities
Co-ordinate information is correctly shown on
elevation and sections
Provide buildings set-out datum and final fixed floor
elevations
Provide references on plans to external
Locate all in-ground services, power poles,

footpaths, existing buildings and existing features
that need to be shown on site and floor plans
COORDINATION
Verify owner / client vision and intent
Check regulatory requirements for constraining

ordinances
Check site limits and zoning
Civil support documents for Traffic impact,

Watershed plan, Drainage basins
Verify Limits of existing and new work and detail
clearly
Verify all Civil elements and dimensions against
available drawings
Compare site elevations to boundary elevations
and plans. Check all features
Confirm facility floor plate and proposed finish floor
elevation
Verify that all details are referenced on plans
include elevations and details
Verify site access point relative to site functionality
and adjacent roadways
39
Appendix C1
TECHNICAL SCOPE
Construction
Developed
Schematic
(Included
in scope)
Detailed
Verify site development specialists including role of
Landscape Architect, site lighting
Verify emergency vehicle access and adequate fire
flows
Check all dimensions
Check detail of plan enlargements against small

scale plans
Where plan of site is on more than one drawing,
check match of all meeting lines.
Ensure documents meet building consent
requirements of Territorial Authority
SUSTAINABILITY CERTIFICATION PROCESS
Review general concept, objectives and benefits of

sustainability certification
Assess current project
Establish sustainability target
Agree scope and fee with client (design,

implementation, certification, post)
Develop sustainability checklist and action items
Engage all parties in action list
Appoint internal design process sustainability

coordinator
Energy modelling
Submission of documents to authorities
Coordination with third party sustainability

consultant
BUILDING / SITE / DISCIPLINE INTERFACE
Verify site dimensions against survey
Verify easements are indicated
Verify that proposed and existing grades are shown

and keyed; check against survey
Verify items of demolition, clearing limits and
grading limits
Verify that new site construction does not interfere
with existing features to remain including poles,
pole guys, manholes, drain inlets and valve boxes.
Cross check new utilities for interference; verify
inverts, and clearances at crossings
Verify that underground utilities are shown on
ground section drawings.
40
Appendix C1
TECHNICAL SCOPE
Construction
Developed
Schematic
(Included
in scope)
Detailed
Confirm plan and profile dimensions match scaled
dimensions for utility structures
Verify that indicated falls match invert levels and
distances
Verify hydrant and utility pole locations
Verify elevation finished grades of manhole rims,

valve boxes, and other access
Confirm location, size, access and other details of
substation, vault rooms, or other provision for power
supply
Verify underground external wiring for building
lighting is shown on site drawings
Coordinate communications and data provision
with telecom providers
Confirm location of incoming services ducts
(power/communications). Co-ordinate entry
heights/bending radius of ducts
Check perimeter dimensions and offset from grid
line against architectural
Verify that all depressed or raised slabs and
penetrations are shown
Verify all slab profiles; check architectural and civil
Check location of roof drains against hydraulics (for

interior drains)
Check location of roof drains against architectural
(for external drains)
Check details identified as ‘typical’ are in fact
typical, note major exceptions
Check for missing or incomplete drawing notes.
Confirm that any notes referenced as ‘see other

disciplines’ have been covered by the other
disciplines drawings
Confirm size and location of all new utilities
connections to existing services
Confirm plumbing fixture, supply and drain
locations match site services locations
Confirm storm drainage and internal storage
locations and details against architectural
Check perimeter foundation drainage against
architectural
Confirm supply size of any fixtures requiring special
volume supply
Confirm all access, pressure, flow, hydrant
locations and other conditions of Fire Marshall
approval are met by the building and fire systems
design.
41
Appendix C1
TECHNICAL SCOPE
Construction
Developed
Schematic
(Included
in scope)
Detailed
Check for missing or incomplete drawing notes
Confirm calculations for gutter sizes; check roof

drains, box gutters for overflows
ENHANCED COMMISSIONING COORDINATION SERVICES
Engage third party commissioning agent
TYPICAL REQUIREMENTS FOR ALL STAGES I.E. THE PRIME CONSULTANT RESPONSIBLE FOR
Coordination of drawings and design documents
Review for completeness and accuracy
Review for applicable codes, ordinances,

regulations, laws and statutes
Coordinate services by design consultants with
those of specialists engaged
Consult with client and owner, research applicable
design criteria
Attendance at project meetings and communicate
with design team
During concept design phase consider alternatives
(Materials, equipment, etc.)
Conduct coordination meetings with client,
incorporate results
Obtain written approval before moving on to next
design stage
SUSTAINABILITY CERTIFICATION PROCESS
Review general concept, objectives and benefits of

sustainability certification
Assess current project
Establish sustainability target
Agree scope and fee with client (design,

implementation, certification, post)
Develop sustainability checklist and action items
Engage all parties in action list
Appoint internal design process sustainability

coordinator
Energy modelling
Submission of documents to authorities
Coordination with third party sustainability

consultant
42
Appendix C1
TECHNICAL SCOPE
Engineering Coordination
Specification Commentary
Construction
Developed
Schematic
(Included
in scope)
Detailed
Contract terms needing owner/client input (type of contract, insurances, communications, authorities,
payment terms, performance security, schedule, quality assurance, law and languages, confidentiality,
claims, safety, performance certificate, value engineering, variation procedure, provisional sums, schedule
of payments, turnover of completed project).
Confirm procurement strategy - conventional Unit
Price, Lump Sum or Alternative Delivery Method
(PPP, Design Build,)
Determine form of Conditions of Contract (CoC)
or obtain copy of client preferred Conditions of
Contract
Develop Preliminaries section; check contract and
disciplines for compatibility
Review project file/ client preference and determine

Special Conditions
Confirm whether Quantity Surveyor will provide

Schedule of Quantities
Circulate CoC and Preliminaries to Client/Quantity

Surveyor/Project Manager for review
Confirm specification format and style
Review progress drawings and compile draft list of

all specification sections and subsections required
Confirm specification sections titles provide outline
specification
Obtain and co-ordinate architect’s and discipline
engineer’s specification sections, review and format
Request list of all ‘builders work’ items for all other
consultants
Determine requirement for performance
specifications; agree on method of performance
testing, whether prime cost sum is appropriate, and
amount
Prepare list of standards needed for reference;
obtain those not readily available
Provide specification data request list to
co-ordinate with other team members
Confirm completion schedule for specification
sections and related drawing groups
Develop suggested list of alternatives with Client
Review drawings as completed, deleting

proprietary names (Note: Generally the
specification should reference proprietary names
not the drawings)
Confirm specification of any required staging
of construction; check against preliminary
construction schedule.
Check schedule of finishes, material and
equipment against specification indexes; confirm
all finishes, material and equipment are included.
43
Appendix C1
TECHNICAL SCOPE
Specification Commentary
Construction
Developed
Schematic
(Included
in scope)
Detailed
Confirm that final issue of drawings matches
specified Schedule of Drawings
Verify all specification cross-referencing.
Eliminate all references as ‘by others’; determine

and note responsible party
Check all specification references to drawings
(“as indicated”, “as shown”) and verify they are
so indicated, and that drawing references to
specifications are covered
Check major equipment listings against drawings
Confirm schedule of monetary provisions
Obtain client agreement on contingency sum

allowances and expenditure authority
44
Appendix C2
CIVIL INFRASTRUCTURE ENGINEERING
Phase 3: Schematic Design

Inputs Drawings
Client brief and budget Sketch drawings (may comprise «marked-up»
Sketch concept drawings (eg. Facilities, architectural drawings) including preliminary
Features and locations) plant room requirements and services routes
Project time schedule Reports
Design time schedule Concept services brief - to establish
Infra-structure reports, e.g. Water flow tests available system concepts and a broad
Assess supply and discharge utility report investigating available options and
requirements recommendations, and definition of system
requirements and key assumptions
Document technical scope
Design standards to be used
Liaise with Local Authorities
Drawings
Design
Schematic drawings outlining services
Review of client requirements
concepts
Establish design criteria for hydraulic services
Layout drawings locating facilities, risers, and
Develop preliminary load profiles primary services routes
Develop system and/or feature concepts and Preliminary plant room layouts
identify all special requirements
Develop functional services brief - including Specifications
definition of services Outline services specifications
Review with applicable Authority for Codes and Preliminary equipment schedules for major
Standards plant
Confirm contacts with Local Authorities and Reports
utility companies
Utility services reports
Review concepts for significant and unusual
health & safety risks relevant to the design Design report including key design criteria,
proposed system concepts and features
Confirm plant and facility circumstance and
space / location requirements Preliminary equipment weights
Develop services route requirements, Preliminary Building Services Interface Matrix
both horizontal and vertical, and space Highlight “significant and unusual” buildability
co-ordination with other trades and health & safety issues.
Define interface requirements with other
services
Review Preliminary Design for any health &
safety risks the design may present during
construction and maintenance
Comments
1. To ascertain client brief and to review/consider 4. Cost estimates at this stage generally cannot be
applicable options. on a full elemental basis, as final distribution is
2. Agree roles and responsibilities not well defined.
3. Limited or no co-ordination completed at this 5. Systems could be priced by vendors at this
stage. stage but unlikely to get like for like comparison.
45
Appendix C2
Phase 4: Developed Design

Inputs Drawings
Client approval of preliminary services design Single line layouts
and budgetary implications As per documented technical scope
Client approved architectural, structural and Major concepts and layouts with sections as
other services preliminary design necessary
Final Specialty Reports Decide on Drawing List: - e.g.
Design - Cover Sheet
Services and facility load calculations - Key Plan
Major plant and services routes co-ordinated - Existing Topo / Utilities Offsite
with architecture, structure and trades - Proposed Utilities Onsite
Climate implications - Demolition Plan
Depth, Material and other selections - Excavation and Backfill
Incorporate requirements of relevant specialty - Utility Layout
reports - Grading Plan
Develop and expand the services concepts, - Surface Improvements – Onsite
selection of facilities, review of plant room and
- Erosion and Sediment Control
services space requirements, including sizing
of pipe work - Utility Details – Storm, Sanitary & Water
Identify utility connections - Roadway Details
Verify health & safety issues have been - Pavement Plan – Line marking and Signage
addressed in the design. - Power & Street lighting
- Communications
- Natural Gas Distribution
- District Heating
Specifications
Technical specifications Table of Contents
Preliminary technical specifications
Specifications Front End Equipment schedules.
Reports
Updated design features report including
options selected
Facility Services Interface Matrix
Highlight buildability and any health & safety
issues
Specialist input preliminary reports
Cost estimates as opinion of probable costs.
Comments
1. Cost estimates at this stage can be produced 2. Developed Design generally provides the
by Quantity Surveyor on elemental basis, with minimum level of documentation to clearly define
secondary elements estimated on typical details. the scope of all hydraulic, site, facility, offsite and
and other elements.
46
Appendix C2
Phase 5: Documentation Phase

Inputs Drawings
Client approval of developed design and Completed schematic and layout drawings
budgetary implications defining services requirements including plans,
Client approved architectural, structural and elevations, sections
other services developed designs Detailed layouts for services
Design Plant and facility layouts including detailed

sections
Detailed system design including equipment,
As per established drawing list
facilities and pipework
Co-ordination in principle with Structure, Specifications
Architecture and other Building Services Contract elements
Finalise utility supplies and capacities for Detailed specifications
discharge for both onsite and offsite
Detailed equipment schedules
Detailed layouts of development
Highlight health & safety risks that were Reports
identified through the design process. Status Report.
Comments
1. Detailed design generally provides a level of 3. Co-ordination: In zones identified with

documentation to clearly define the design of appropriate clearance from structure and other
services. services; major penetrations identified; detailed
2. Design details should be co ordinated with co-ordination of critical areas.
other disciplines. However, the documents 4. Define in the specification any health & safety
produced in this phase may not directly be able risks that were identified in the design.
to be “built” from.
47
Appendix C2
Phase 8: Construction
Inputs Drawings
For construction design phase, drawings for Revise detailed design documentation to
architectural, structural and other services incorporate buildability changes agreed with
Construction time schedule. contractor if they impact on the design intent
Equipment submissions as defined in Detailed
Design Design
Production of larger scale detailed shop Detailed layouts of plant rooms
drawings including seismic details
Fabrication details of pipework, etc.
Co-ordination of all services, facility structure
Pipe work support and joint detailing. Seismic
and architecture
bracing.
Equipment selections and technical
submissions Documentation and Review
Facility system programming Review shop/fabrication and layout drawings
Detailed layouts of facilities outside battery for compliance with design
limits. Review equipment submission
Drawings for record purposes
Operation and maintenance manual
submission
Warranty and construction completion
documentation
File documentation with local jurisdiction
Maintenance period monitoring
Final acceptance by owner.
Comments
1. Normally prepared by the services 3. Equipment ordered.

sub-contractor to enable fabrication of the 4. At completion of design record drawings,
services design. manuals and equipment details produced to
2. Deliverables contain sufficient details for indicate final installed systems.
elements to be manufactured/constructed 5. The contractor is responsible for managing
without reference to other documents, i.e. “the health & safety risks during construction phase.
details have co-ordinated the relevant design
information across all disciplines and can be
built from”.
48
Appendix C3
CIVIL DEVELOPMENT

Inputs
Client brief, including budget and time Agreed Design Brief and Schedule of
schedule Accommodation
Client advice in respect to structure of design Report on existing facilities and engineering
process systems if applicable
Data Collection including: Options Studies Report
- Topographical survey Conceptual drawings including:
- Existing structures and services - Overall site plan
- Certificate of Title - Sketches
- Other legal information - Sections (indicative, sufficient to illustrate
overall concept.)
- Geotechnical information
Model
- Environmental Site Assessment
Preliminary Cost Estimate (prepared by QS)
- Engineering reports on adjacent
Concept Schedule of Materials and Finishes
infrastructure
- As-built measure of existing structures Specifications
where additions or alterations are involved Preliminary Schedule of internal and external
character
- Engineering reports on existing structures
- District Plan Rules and Objectives including Reports
any existing Resource Consent Updated Design Brief, Schedule of
- Other Design Constraints Accommodation and Project time schedule
Schedule of Areas (Net and Gross as
Confirmed site topographical, geotech and
applicable)
legal surveys
Design features (options) report (with
Confirmed District Plan Analysis and
recommended option to take to Developed
Development Rules
Design)
Concept civil and structural engineering
Outline of elements not covered in Preliminary
constraints
Design
Concept services engineering and
Define assumed construction methodology
infrastructural constraints
governing design
Concept fire engineering
Highlight “significant” or unusual buildability
Concept environmental studies and Health & Safety issues
Concept acoustic advice Highlight “special” project risks
Project time schedule Report on Façade options and Weathering
Tasks issues.
Attend regular design phase meetings with

relevant parties
Inspect site and prepare site analysis.
Prepare Schedule of Accommodation. Agree
with Client. Distribute
Prepare Document Register
Inspect the site and prepare site analysis
diagrams
49
Appendix C3
CIVIL DEVELOPMENT
Discuss and agree with client the additional

separate or sub-consultants that are to be
retained and by whom i.e. Geotechnical
Consultant, Surveyor, Planning Consultant, Civil,
Structural, Fire, Services and Acoustic Engineers;
Quantity Surveyors, Interior Designer, Landscape
Architect, Specialised Project Management
Services, Health and Safety Consultant, Others
Select and recommend to client appointment of
other consultants or sub-consultants: confirm
fees
Identify responsibility for dimensional control
Identify responsibility for design coordination
Identify responsibility for design management
Investigate District Plan requirements, analyse,
review with client
Prepare formal / functional diagrams, develop
viable options, review with Client
Analyse Brief against design constraints
Prepare Concept Design
Study siting options and climatic influences;
develop massing models; evaluate
relationships to site context
Test massing options against preferred
functional arrangement and brief; review with
client. Select model
Evaluate provisional concepts for
accommodation of systems with Structural
Engineer and Building Services Engineer
accommodation of parking and traffic
requirements
Obtain architecture concept drawing
Prepare Feasibility Report
Prepare concept schedule of internal and
external
materials and finishes, confirm with client,
distribute to QS
Check barrier free access requirements
Check concept against planning and survey
requirements
Review concepts for significant health & safety
risks relevant to the design
Review scheme with Regulatory Authority
planners
50
Appendix C3
CIVIL DEVELOPMENT
Liaise with QS to prepare Concept Design cost

estimate or take civil approach
Check Concept Design for conformity with fire
and egress requirements
Establish provisional beam depths, duct
crossovers and floor-to-floor heights
Establish energy conservation design criteria
Prepare sustainability/Energy Study
Determine if environmental studies are
required. If so, prepare and submit
Coordinate all design information between
disciplines
relevant parties
Revise Preliminary Design brief from Concept
Design including all up to date information;
confirm with client
Update Document Register
Develop list of questions affecting Preliminary
Design pertinent to each external discipline,
circulate
Review Preliminary Design for significant or
unusual Health & Safety Risks the design may
present during construction and maintenance
Prepare Preliminary Design work time schedule
Review Town Planning Analysis and
implications
Establish primary reference grids and
dimensions
accommodation of services systems with
engineer
Revise Schedule of internal & external
materials and finishes; evaluate lifecycle
durability and maintenance implications;
confirm with client & submit to QS
Confirm compliance with disabled access
requirements
Confirm compliance with Sanitary Facilities
Code
Confirm compliance with Development Rules
Confirm revisions; request updated Cost Plan
from QS
Prepare Preliminary Design drawings.
51
Appendix C3
CIVIL DEVELOPMENT
Determine if specific town planning studies are

required, prepare and submit
Review with Town Planner and Territorial
Authority personnel for advice/comment
Review Design with client’s marketing/real
estate advisors, including plan for presentation
materials
disciplines.
Comments
1. Confirm Conditions of Engagement at outset of 11. If a Partial Service is commissioned, confirm

commission. whether the Deliverables for the commissioned
2. Note that the preparation of Brief is not part of phase are affected.
Consultant’s Standard Service. 12. Confirm with the client whether Design
3. Agree roles and responsibilities for all Management Services are included in the
participants in building procurement process Design commission, or whether another party
particularly responsibility for obtaining Resource will manage the design process.
Consents. 13. It may be necessary to obtain from the Services
4. Agree with client the requirements and Engineer a schedule of notional requirements.
programme for client information and approvals. 14. Refer to separate Coordination Checklist
5. Costing may be only on square metre rate documents.
basis – QS should provide Concept Cost Plan to 15. Consultation with TA is recommended on key
accompany deliverables. aspects of the design that may be considered
6. Concept and Preliminary Design phases may be outside the “Acceptable Solution” regime, and
combined. unusual/contentious issues.
7. The approved design may be submitted for a 16. Cost estimates at this stage generally cannot
PIM at this stage to identify Resource Consent be on a full elemental basis, as secondary
issues and to obtain existing conditions/services elements are not well defined, but ensure
information. independent professional cost advice is
8. Agree the scale of drawing deliverables for each provided to the Client.
phase according to project type. 17. Contribution to Value Management sessions
9. Dimensioning and coordination is often the may be required.
responsibility of the architect but this will vary 18. Preliminary Design may provide a level of
with commission. documentation appropriate for a Resource
10. Advise Client on the advantages of maintaining Consent application for less complex projects.
consultant advice at every stage, and the risks 19. Review preliminary report and effect on site civil
incurred where this is not commissioned. aspects.
52
Appendix C3
CIVIL DEVELOPMENT

Inputs Drawings
Client approval of Schematic Design Overall site plan including parking/
Client approval of Schematic Cost Plan landscaping
Client approval of Feasibility Report Sketches of critical and typical details
Reviewed and revised Preliminary Design Typical reflected ceiling plans
District Plan Analysis Specifications
Preliminary civil / structural engineering Developed Schedule of internal and external
Preliminary services engineering and Materials and Finishes
infrastructural constraints
Reports
Preliminary fire engineering
Updated Civil Design Brief Programme
Preliminary environmental studies
Updated design features (options) report
Preliminary acoustic advice
(with recommended option to take to Detailed
Preliminary Drawing Register Design), including serviceability issues
Current project programme Outline of elements not covered in Developed
Design
Tasks
Define assumed construction methodology
governing design
relevant parties
Highlight significant or unusual buildability and
Update Developed Design brief; confirm with
Health & Safety issues
Client. Distribute
Highlight “special” project risks
Review each sub-consultant’s and other
consultant’s schematics to civil, verify match
Verify that all questions from the Preliminary
Design brief relating to engineering disciplines
have been resolved
Verify significant or unusual Health & Safety
issues have been addressed in the design
Confirm any revisions to Preliminary Cost Plan
Confirm primary reference grids, Datum and
dimensions
Check preliminary internal and external
Finishes Schedule; revise if necessary.
Distribute
Prepare Civil Developed Design drawings
incorporating amendments into plans,
elevations and sections. Distribute
Confirm acceptability of access to fireman’s lift
and fire control panel
Confirm that sanitary fixture count meets
statutory requirements
Establish location and provisional size of
electrical sub-station, if required; consult power
supply authority
53
Appendix C3
CIVIL DEVELOPMENT
Confirm all service utility entry points, sizes,

and requirements
Confirm compliance with all Development
Rules
Review all plans elevations and sections,
prepare details of typical construction
Submit Developed Design to QS for review of
cost plan
Review and revise project programme
disciplines.
Comments
by Quantity Surveyor on elemental basis, with minimum level of documentation appropriate
secondary elements estimated on typical details for a Resource Consent application for complex
2. Developed Design generally provides the projects
minimum level of documentation to clearly 4. Refer to separate Coordination Checklist
define the scope of all architectural elements. documents.
54
Appendix C3
CIVIL DEVELOPMENT
Phase 5: Construction Documentation

Inputs Drawings
Client approval of Developed Design Full set of drawings as per Drawing Register
Client approval of Developed Cost Plan and including:
Feasibility Analysis Cover Sheet
Reviewed District Plan Analysis Key Plan
Review and revise Developed Design Overall site plan including datum, boundary
Developed structural engineering definition and orientation associated
earthworks, landscaping and carparking,
Developed services engineering
inground and overhead services, drainage and
Developed fire engineering all statutory legal title information
Developed environmental studies Existing topography existing utilities - offsite
Developed acoustic advice Proposed utilities - onsite
Current project programme Demolition plan
Tasks Excavation and backfill
Attend regular design phase meetings with Utility layout
relevant parties Surface improvements on site
Co-ordinate and check each sub-consultant Erosion and sediment control
and other consultants’ design and drawings Utility details-storm, sanitary, water
with the architectural drawings at regular
Roadway details
intervals
Power and street lighting
Communications
Confirm project drawing, CAD, Website and
communication standards Natural gas supply
Consider buildability constraints and Electrical / lighting
implications Schedules:
Highlight significant or unusual Health and
Schedule of manhole inverts, sizes and
Safety risks that were identified in the design
connection points
process
Confirm and respond to revisions to Cost Plan Specifications:
Review all plans elevations and sections, Civil Specification including Preliminaries and
prepare details of typical and atypical all trade sections
construction Performance Specifications for any works
Review tolerances established for all surfaces involving constructor design.
and materials, co-ordinate with specification
Fully dimension all elements and Datum
Prepare Detailed Design drawings
Determine form of Conditions of Contract and
incorporate into specification
Obtain Client agreement on contingency sum
allowances
disciplines as per separate co-ordination
checklist
Review provisions for PABX with Telecom and
Client’s real estate advisers
55
Appendix C3
CIVIL DEVELOPMENT
Review and confirm security system provisions

with Client and responsible engineer
Review and confirm communications and Data
provisions with client and responsible engineer
Review and confirm cleaning, refuse and waste
paper removal system provisions with client
and responsible engineer
Confirm if energy management system is to be
employed; establish brief
Confirm details and compliance of Thermal
Envelope including glazing with Code
Requirements and/or Mechanical Design with
relevant consultants
Submit drawings to QS for final adjustment of
Cost Plan
Analyse tenders and report recommendations
to client
Advise Client of maintenance and durability
responsibilities
Obtain client approval and sign off for
completed drawings and specification
Comments
1. It is important to understand the method by • Review tenders for compliance with tender
which a construction contract is to be procured documents and respond to technical
as this will inevitably impact on the format of options offered.
the documentation produced and the design 2. Where appropriate carry out discussion with
quality of the construction achieved. It is also a “preferred” contractor on construction
advantageous to the achieved design quality methodology.
to have input into the Prospective Contractors 3. Design may be sufficient to lodge for
/ Tender List. Consequently, in the Detailed Development Permit Building Consent part way
Design Phase, or any phase in which it is through this process.
intended to procure a tender, the Design
4. Detailed Design generally provides a level
Consultants need to:
of documentation that clearly defines all
• Determine method of Construction Contract architectural elements. Design details should be
Procurement. coordinated with other disciplines. However, the
• Determine form of Conditions of documents produced in this phase may not be
Construction Contract. able to be directly built from.
• Prepare contract documents for client and 5. Identify in the Specification the significant
contractor’s signatures. or unusual Health & Safety risks that were
• Review and prepare documentation for identified in the design.
tender with client, including insurance
details, method of tender, bond, liquidated
damages and tender protocols (where
required).
56
Appendix C3
CIVIL DEVELOPMENT
Inputs General
Client approval of Detailed Design Review or supply of technical specifications
incorporating changes resulting from Contract for contractor designed items or alternative
Agreement process designs
Building Consent Issues register Revisions of drawings, details and
Construction programme and sequencing specifications as required by Contract
Agreement Process
Contract Documents defined in sufficient
detail for sub-trades to produce fabrication Revisions of drawings, details and
documents specifications as required by Building Consent
Process
Heavy equipment access restrictions defined
Revisions of drawings, details and
Tasks specifications as required by construction
Attend regular design phase meetings with process
relevant parties
Shop Drawings
Production of construction/fabrication/shop
Prepare Construction Design drawings drawings for selected items
incorporating changes agreed as a result of
Review of construction/fabrication/shop
tender process and negotiations
drawings for selected items.
Site safety programme issued to all parties
Issue Shop Drawings to consultants for review
Coordinate interface between trades and
receive, review and coordinate detailed ‘shop
drawings’
Review Performance specifications.
Comments
1. Construction Design is perceived as separate 4. Refer to separate Coordination Checklist

from Construction Phase Observation/Monitoring documents
or Contract Administration services 5. The Site Safety Management Plan prepared by
2. At conclusion of Construction Design, it should Contractor should be circulated to all parties
be possible to construct the works without 6. The supply of supplementary information as
further recourse to the design consultant for required during the construction process occurs
design information in the Construction Phase
3. Construction Phase Services need to be defined 7. Refer to the relevant discipline guidelines for
in the Engagement Agreement engineering Shop Drawing requirements.
57
Appendix C4
CIVIL COORDINATED SHALLOW UTILITIES ENGINEERING
Applies to external power distribution, street / site lighting, electrical systems including:
Data/Communications, Security, CCTV, MATV, natural gas distribution,

Inputs Drawings
Client brief and budget Sketch drawings (may comprise «marked-up»
Project time schedule architectural drawings), including preliminary
equipment room and riser requirements,
Site survey information
service entry points and services routes,
Project delivery methodology including general areas of coverage
Client approval of concept services design, Single line diagram showing site system
including confirmation of systems to be architecture
included, and budgetary implications
for each service and interconnections with
Network/ utility provider requirements/ indicative capacities for each node
constraints
Layouts drawings indicating coverage and
Client approved and calculated site layouts indicating connection locations, risers and
Design time schedule primary service routes
Design Specifications
Confirmation of which services are required Outline Specifications
Identification of areas of coverage Preliminary equipment schedules
Review of client requirements including
Reports:
reliability and redundancy
Concept services brief - to establish
Establish design criteria and develop functional
available system concepts and a broad
services brief
report investigating available options and
Establish contacts with communication network recommendations, and definition of system
providers requirements and key assumptions including
Risk assessments system types
Develop services route requirements, both Design Standards to be used
horizontal and vertical Design features (options) report, with preferred
Define interface requirements with other options agreed/defined where possible, to take
services to developed design
Develop system architecture Preliminary electrical equipment heat loads
Identification of equipment requirements to Highlight “significant and unusual” buildability
provide required coverage/functionality and health & safety issues.
Confirm spatial requirements for central and
distributed equipment rooms
Confirm methods of final distribution to outlets
(trunking, floor boxes etc.)
Identify specific power requirements (UPS,
generator supplies)
Identification of specific earthing and surge
protection requirements
Operational descriptions
Review preliminary design for significant and
unusual health & safety risks the design may
present during construction and maintenance.
58
Appendix C4
Comments
1. To ascertain client brief and to review/consider 5. Costing only on per point basis. Cost estimates
applicable options. Project may benefit if at this stage generally cannot be on a full
civil coordinates design of shallow utilities as elemental basis, as final distribution is not well
described as long as appropriate expertise is defined.
engaged and participating. 6. Where applicable discuss options with preferred
2. Agree roles and responsibilities vendor.
3. Tendering at this stage unlikely to result in 7. Systems could be priced by vendors at this
“like-for-like” bids. stage but unlikely to get like-for-like comparison.
4. No co-ordination completed at this stage.
59
Appendix C4

Inputs Drawings
Client approval of preliminary design and Single line diagram for each system showing
budgetary implications the entire network with cables and major
Client approved architectural, structural, site equipment selected, including connections to
and other services preliminary designs external networks
Updated layout drawings indicating equipment
Design room locations, risers and service routes,
Co-ordination of spatial requirements, including including cabling methodology to final outlets
access for installation and maintenance, with (skirting, trunking etc.)
other trades Layouts indicating locations of devices and
Identification of specific locations for devices major consolidation points
(cameras, card readers etc.)
Specifications
Identification of primary cabling routes and
cabling methodology to all final outlet locations Preliminary technical specifications
Confirmation of network provider connection Equipment schedules
details Reports
Verify significant and unusual health & safety
Finalised design features (options) report,
issues have been addressed in the design.
including options selected
Highlight “significant and unusual” buildability
and health & safety issues.
Comments
by Quantity Surveyor on elemental basis, with minimum level of documentation to clearly
final elements estimated on typical details. define the scope of all elements.
60
Appendix C4
Phase 5: Construction Documentation

Inputs Drawings
Client approval of the developed design and Completed single line diagram showing all
budgetary implications equipment, cables and consolidation points
Final architectural (including furniture), Layouts drawings indicating all field devices,
structural and other services layouts switching cubicles, transformers, vaults,
manholes, lamp standards, duct sizes,
Design configurations and orientations
Match site and building details, connection Equipment room outline layouts
points
Generic duct bank selections Specifications
Final layouts to devices co-ordinated with Detailed technical specifications
architecture/furniture and other services Finalised equipment schedules with generic
Detailed power & grounding requirements equipment selections
identification Reports
Detailed routes
Power and earthing requirements provided for
Interface details with other trades implementation by Electrical Engineer.
Highlight «significant and unusual» health & Itemisation of works to be done by others.
safety risks that were identified through the
design process.
Comments
1. Detailed design generally provides a level of 3. Detailed co-ordination of critical areas

documentation to clearly define the design of all 4. Major penetrations identified.
elements. Design details should be co ordinated 5. Note appropriate clearances from structure and
with other disciplines. However, the documents other services.
produced in this phase may not directly be able
6. Define in the specification the «significant
to be “built” from.
and unusual» health & safety risks that were
2. It may not be practical for designer to complete identified in the design.
this phase prior to specific vendor solution
being identified.
61
Appendix C4
Inputs Drawings
Construction design phase drawings for all Revise detailed design documentation to
services incorporate buildability changes suggested by
Construction time schedule contractor if they impact on the design intent
Network provider implementation plans Equipment submissions for “review”
Fabrication drawings for control panels,
Design frames, desks and cabinets
Final co-ordination with architecture and other Detailed layouts of equipment rooms
services
Detailing of all tray routes and catenary grids
Equipment selection including support/hanger details (unless
Mounting details for all devices provided by others)
Complete panel, cabinet and frame designs Seismic bracing details
Construction details for duct bank, vault, Conduit routing and installation details
manhole and supports (unless provided by Wiring diagrams and points schedules
others)
Specific equipment selections
Seismic bracing
Systems configuration and programming
Cable labelling philosophy
Provisions for access and maintenance. Review
Review shop/fabrication and layout drawings
for compliance with design
Review equipment submission.
Comments
1. Normally prepared by the selected vendor/ 3. Equipment ordered.
installer. 4. At completion of design As Built drawings,
2. Deliverables contain sufficient details for manuals and equipment details produced to
elements to be manufactured/constructed indicate final installed systems.
without reference to other documents, i.e. “the 5. The contractor is responsible for managing
details have co-ordinated the relevant design health & safety risks during the construction
information across all disciplines and can be phase.
built from”.
62
Appendix D
CONSTRUCTION MONITORING SERVICES
Construction monitoring for civil infrastructure has different requirements than that for buildings
and building services. It is therefore recommended that underground utilities, surface infrastructure
improvements, and other aspects of civil engineering development be monitored to a greater extent.
There is still some variability in the Scope of Services that may need to be provided during the
construction monitoring phase of the project. This could vary from providing full services, survey layout,
materials testing, and other quality insurance, or contract document compliance monitoring, at one end
of the spectrum, to providing only infrequent visits to the site by a qualified civil engineer familiar with
the project and field, to ascertain general conformance to the contract documents.
Five levels can be defined for civil construction monitoring services. The appropriate level for a
given project will depend on the type of facility or utility being constructed as well as:
Size of the project and implications of

component malfunction The five levels of service each present a
Uniqueness of the project and different type of review and are:
contractor experience on similar projects 1. Full Services review and input
Complexity of construction and 2. Monitor the outputs of another party’s
accessibility of components for review
subsequent inspection, repair or
replacement if not according to plans 3. Representative Sample Review
and specifications 4. Review Random Samples of
Contractual requirements for quality Important Work Procedures
management of the contractor
5. Regular Review of Completed Work
Sustainability goals and sustainability Prior to Closure
accountability requirements.
These are described in more detail below, along with some benefits and dis-benefits:
Level 1 - Full Services Review and completions. It should include: Preparation

of monthly progress payments, organizing
This category of service is recommended of supplementary consultants, the degree of
for civil infrastructure where buried utilities, road programme or project management needed
subgrade, base coarse, and asphalt are being for efficiency of construction sequencing and
constructed and where the consequences of preparation of ‘Probable Cost Opinions” and Cost
failure are critical; projects involving innovative to Complete Tabulations. It is also usually the civil
or complex construction procedures. It provides construction administration representative who is
the client with the greatest assurance that the responsible for having copies of all pre-obtained
completed work complies with the requirements building and site development permits,
of the plans and specifications. For full environmental approvals and sustainability
services review adequate personnel should be constraints.
maintained full time on site to constantly review
work procedures, materials of construction, Fieldwork during construction should
materials testing frequency, and components include: Preconstruction startup meeting
for compliance with requirements of plans and with contractor, owner, inspectors, and other
specifications and review completed work prior to participating agencies and regular progress,
enclosure, backfill, or next step, or on completion, planning and reporting meetings thereafter until
as appropriate. In general this would include substantial performance has been achieved.
office work and fieldwork, prior to, during, and Provision of sufficient construction control survey
post-construction. data to give the contractor enough field context
information to construct underground utilities and
Office work during construction is required surface improvements, including rough grading,
to prepare for and document progress, issues and if it is a unit price contract, then also quantity
63
Appendix D
surveys and computations. Provide liaison for complete the functions of design and resident
natural gas and telecommunication utilities as field services. Some element of programme
required in order to expedite development. management may be desired by the owner to
generally communicate expected milestone dates
Serve as client’s representative with and working schedules with all contractors.
authority to apply professional discretion in the
interpretation of specifications, payments for During the maintenance period, act in the
work, expediting work, in general dealing with the field as client representative in interpretation of
contractor, municipality and any other authorities specifications, payments, expediting work and
during the construction period. Carry out in general dealing with contractor, authorities and
inspections to monitor that underground utilities, others. Undertake inspections of remedial work
curb gutters, sidewalks and roads and other for civil works prior to expiry of warranty. Prepare,
facilities are constructed generally in accordance submit and expedite final acceptance and related
with design intent. documentation in the shortest time possible.
Arrange for third party testing services as required.
Prepare, submit and expedite certification Gather field information for preparation of Plan of
in order to facilitate acceptance in as short a time Record drawings.
as possible, subject to limitations and provisions of
contract documentation, development agreement Level 2 - Monitor Third Party Reviewer Outputs
or municipal improvement agreement. This may
need to include inspections of the installed utilities Monitoring the outputs from another
with regulatory authorities to verify procedures have party’s quality assurance programme against the
been followed. Facilitate contractor collaboration requirements of plans and specifications may be
and verify implementation in accordance with the desired approach in some circumstances.
the intent of the design. Prepare deficiency This level would entail visiting the works
lists for construction completion, substantial at the frequency agreed with the client to review
performance, and or substantial completion and important materials of construction, critical
follow through with client and contractor through work procedures, and/or completed plant or
to end of warranty period. components. The civil project representative would
On behalf of the client, arrange for materials need to be available to advise the constructor
testing to be conducted by a separate testing on the technical interpretation of the plans and
agency or company appointed by the client, specifications. This would also include review,
and submit test results to regulatory authorities. preferably at the earliest opportunity a sample
The testing company will provide testing of the of each important work procedure, material of
backfilling operation and report on compliance construction, and component for compliance
with the compaction specifications. Calling for together with the requirements of the plans and
backfill compaction testing and informing results specifications.
should be the responsibility of the contractor, but This level is only a secondary service. When
paid by the developer or owner, not the contractor. another party is engaged, it may be appropriate
Charges for compaction testing should be for the design consultant to provide a higher level
processed by the civil engineer to the owner for of construction monitoring or review during the
payment directly to the testing company. period of construction and/or when the works are
Post-construction: prepare and provide the subject of a performance-based specification
all necessary documentation in support of and performance testing is undertaken and
the programme assessment including any monitored by others.
authorization for extra work. All extra work items, Level 3 - Representative Sample Review
both during and post, should be authorized
in writing in advance of expenditure. Include This level of service would be simply to
also for gathering of field information necessary review a representative sample of each important
for preparation of Plan of Record drawings for completed work prior to enclosure or completion
improvements being constructed and organizing as appropriate and be available to provide the
of sub-consultants that may be required to contractor with a technical interpretation of the
64
Appendix D
plans and specifications. Regulatory agencies work prior to enclosure or on completion as

and developers of underground utilities, roadways appropriate. Be available to provide the contractor
and other forms of civil infrastructure usually do not with technical interpretation.
consider this adequate. This level of service may
be deemed appropriate for smaller projects of a This level of service is appropriate for
routine nature being undertaken by an experienced medium sized civil project where a lower than
and competent constructor and where a higher normal risk of non-compliance is required.
than normal risk of non-compliance is acceptable. Level 5 - Regular Review of Completed Work
It provides for the review of a representative Prior to Closure
sample of work procedures and materials of
construction. Assurance of compliance of the This level of scrutiny would encompass
finished work is dependent upon the constructor review at a frequency agreed with the client,
completing the work to at least the same standard regular samples of work procedures, materials of
as that reviewed by the representative. construction and components for compliance with
the requirements of the plans and specifications
Level 4 - Review Random Samples of Important and review the majority of completed work
Work Procedures prior to the enclosure or on completion, as
Review, to the extent agreed with the client, appropriate. This level of service can be matched
random samples of important work procedures, for to the requirements and is appropriate for projects
compliance with the requirements of the plans and where a lower than normal risk of non-compliance
specifications and review important completed is required.
Recommended CM Level and Fee Computation

It is difficult to determine precisely how much fee will be required to cover level 1 service for
the Construction Administration and Resident Engineering (CARE) phase of the work. One way is to
anticipate the timeframe and budget on a time and materials basis and pay for actual time spent. The
main reason expectations are not always precise in the end is because unforeseen circumstances and
other factors inevitably cause more or less time to be spent or a specialist not anticipated may need to
be called on for advice. The tables below provide additional perspective;
K Criteria Assessment Value

Ka Project Status Small - 1 Medium – 2 Large – 3 Major - 4
Kb Complexity / accessibility Routine - 2 Difficult – 4 Complex - 6 -
Relevant Contractor
Kc Inexperienced – 6 Experienced – 2 ISO 9000 - 1 -
Experience
Consequence of
Kd Minor - 1 Moderate – 4 Serious - 6 Critical - 12
Non-compliance
Table D 1 – Project Complexity Matrix for Use in other than level 1
Ktotal CM1 CM 2 CM3 CM4 CM5

5-6 Constant n/a Secondary Service Secondary Service Secondary Service
7-8 Recommended n/a Secondary Service Secondary Service Secondary Service
9-10 Recommended n/a Secondary Service Secondary Service Constant
11-12 Recommended Secondary Service n/a n/a Constant
13-14 Recommended Secondary Service n/a n/a n/a
15-16 Recommended Secondary Service n/a n/a n/a
17+ Recommended Secondary Service n/a n/a n/a
Table D 2 – Level of Construction Monitoring
Frequency of inspection is intended to be indicative of the involvement, with the actual frequency
depending on the rate of progress of the works. Secondary service – this level of service is only
appropriate when another party is responsible for undertaking the primary review of construction
standards.
65
International Federation of Consulting Engineers (FIDIC)
World Trade Center II, Geneva Airport
P.O. Box 311
CH-1215 Geneva 15 - Switzerland
Tel. +41 22 799 4900 - Fax +41 22 799 4901
© FIDIC 2016
Email: [email protected]
www.fidic.org

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DEFINITION OF SERVICES GUIDELINES

Infrastructure Construction / Civil Works

F IDIC organises an extensive programme of seminars, conferences, capacity building

Figure 1 Objective of the DOS Guidelines

These Guidelines aim to provide a - Provide standardisation and

 Water Resources & Storm Water  Mining & Industrial

 Drainage Studies & Surveys  Marine Outfalls

 Geotechnical Materials Testing  Transportation Airports

 Tunnelling & Trenches Technologies  Transportation Bridges

Table 1 – Civil Infrastructure Project Examples

These Guidelines endeavour to set a General checklists are included to help

1.3 How To Use The Guidelines

1.4 The importance of coordination in the design process

Figure 2 Hierarchy of Controls

1.5 Impact of the Procurement Methodology on Consultant Services

Project Delivery Method Consulting Opportunities Service Elements

1) Conventional Client-1: Project owner • Project planning,

1.6 How do the guidelines relate to management of the design process?

1.7 “Value Management” Design Reviews

LIFE CYCLE STAGES

2. Concept & Predesign

10. Full Occupancy &

Ability to In e Construction Cost

ABILITY TO INFLUENCE PROJECT OUTCOME

1.8 Sustainability Management – environmentally sustainable design

1.10 Integrity Management

2.1 Civil Elements

2.2 Project Types

2.3 Civil Complexities

3.8 3.3 Preliminary

3.7 3.4 Developed

Figure 4 - Civil Infrastructure Construction Phases

3.1 Definition of Services Phase

 Identify sub-consultants if any, and  List information to be supplied by the

3.2. Pre-Design Phase including Land Acquisition

3.3. Schematic / Preliminary Design Phase

3.4 Developed Design Phase

3.5 Construction Documentation Phase

3.6 Development Permit Application Phase

3.7 Construction Procurement Phase

3.8 Construction Phase

3.9 Post-Construction Phase

Defining the consultant’s scope of work

Introduction to achieve the optimum solution.

 Particular requirements for durability and Project cost control (budget)

 Impact on existing operations/occupants  How risk will be managed and mitigated

 Programme for consents and approvals Quality assurance

Integrity management Fees

5 Construction Documentation Phase While the nine project phases defined in

 BMS  Geotechnical investigation

Design Process Deliverables

Address durability requirements

Design Define all details by either defining local

1 Before the commencement of construction 3 Final determination of some dimensions

Civil Engineering PM / Co-Ordinating Consultant

 Confirm project management organizational

 Onsite: Storm Drainage

 Storm Water Management

 Water Supply and Distribution

 Excavation and Backfill

Water Resources & Storm Water Mining & Industrial

Drainage Studies & Surveys Marine Outfalls

Geotechnical Materials Testing Transportation Airports

Tunnelling & Trenches Technologies Transportation Bridges

Identify sub-consultants if any, and List information to be supplied by the

Particular requirements for durability and Project cost control (budget)

Impact on existing operations/occupants How risk will be managed and mitigated

Programme for consents and approvals Quality assurance

BMS Geotechnical investigation

Confirm project management organizational

Onsite: Storm Drainage

Storm Water Management

Water Supply and Distribution

Excavation and Backfill

Erosion and Sediment Control – Interim

Erosion and Sediment Control – Permanent

Civil additional support to Architecture, Landscape

Canvas all disciplines for servicing requirements

site cut fill material balance

Record of capacity of adjacent utilities

Civil aspects of development permit application

General layout and major overflow routes

Establish site grades to suit the development

Calculation of earth quantities

Assistance to architect to establish finished floor

Fine tune for barrier free access.

Neighborhood planning and zoning

Environmental Impact Assessment

Major overland flow routes

Storm Drainage Capacity

Water Distribution Hydraulic Network

Check for possibility of conflict with other utilities,

Obtain and review local hydrology charts / data

Confirm and understand relevant design storms

Calculate predevelopment runoff -natural state

Compare with post development caused by

Check for conflicts / potential conflicts

Advise relevant team members of constraints to

Confirm offsite capacity

Consider also roof drains, onsite yard drains, catch

Calculate volume of storage required and

Explore on-site storage volume and physical

Check with authorities to confirm offsite capacity in

Flow rates – hydrant flow test

Looping possibilities / need - two connection points

Offsite hydraulic network analysis may be

Accessible hydrants will need to be considered

New hydrants may be required on site

Confirm with Fire Marshall and/or fire protection

Traffic entry points

Physical attributes of access roads

Decide width, minimum turning radii, geometric

Number of stalls from building regulatory

Evaluate desired surface treatments

Layout, drive aisles, dimensions, stall size

On-site stormwater management

Engage site electrical for power distribution to

Abandonment of existing utilities

Prepare demolition plans

Energy sensitive removal

Removal and disposal or reuse of facilities.

Documentation of appropriate disposal

Materials management plan

Recognition and disposal of contaminated material

Unsuitable and/or excess material

Geotechnical and materials testing expertise

Submit test results and sieve analyses

Subsurface drainage (free-draining backfill

Foundation drainage system

Dirt tracking cleanup plan

Complete site analysis

ESC is critical during construction

LID - low impact development concepts

Check ground levels and contours